BiodieselBiodiesel--From Field to Fuel TankFrom Field to Fuel Tank

Well, every nowWell, every now……

and thenand then……..

You have to goYou have to go……..

Out on a limb!!!Out on a limb!!!

This is not rocket scienceThis is not rocket science

Using Vegetable Oil as a FuelUsing Vegetable Oil as a Fuel

The concept of using vegetable oil as a fuel The concept of using vegetable oil as a fuel dates back to 1895 when Dr. Rudolf Diesel dates back to 1895 when Dr. Rudolf Diesel developed the first diesel engine to run on vegetable oil. He developed the first diesel engine to run on vegetable oil. He demonstrated his engine at the World Exhibition in Paris in demonstrated his engine at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 and described an experiment using peanut oil as fuel in 1900 and described an experiment using peanut oil as fuel in his engine. his engine. In 1911 Rudolf Diesel stated: "The diesel engine can be fed In 1911 Rudolf Diesel stated: "The diesel engine can be fed with vegetable oils and would help considerably in the with vegetable oils and would help considerably in the development of agriculture of the countries which use it." In development of agriculture of the countries which use it." In 1912, Diesel said "the use of vegetable oils for engine fuels 1912, Diesel said "the use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in course of time as important as petroleum and the coal tar course of time as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of the present time."products of the present time."Lets make his statement come true in the 21st century...Lets make his statement come true in the 21st century...

Ethanol vs. BiodieselEthanol vs. Biodiesel

•• A tank the size of a football field 40 miles A tank the size of a football field 40 miles high would hold all the gasoline used in high would hold all the gasoline used in automobiles in the USA for 1 yearautomobiles in the USA for 1 year

•• Ethanol takes special equipment, time, Ethanol takes special equipment, time, labor and energylabor and energy

•• Good for use in light duty enginesGood for use in light duty engines--modified gas enginesmodified gas engines

Ethanol vs. BiodieselEthanol vs. Biodiesel

•• One acre of sunflowers or canola can One acre of sunflowers or canola can produce 100produce 100--130 gallons of oil130 gallons of oil

•• Investment to produce biodiesel is very Investment to produce biodiesel is very reasonable ($8,000 to $100,000) for 4,000 reasonable ($8,000 to $100,000) for 4,000 to 60,000 gallonsto 60,000 gallons

•• Most farms run on diesel rather than Most farms run on diesel rather than gasolinegasoline

•• Making biodiesel is easier than making Making biodiesel is easier than making chocolate chip cookies!!chocolate chip cookies!!

Easier than Chocolate Chip Cookies

•• CookiesCookies–– SugarSugar–– Brown sugarBrown sugar–– ButterButter–– ShorteningShortening–– EggEgg–– VanillaVanilla–– FlourFlour–– Baking sodaBaking soda–– SaltSalt–– Chocolate Chocolate

chipschips

•• BiodieselBiodiesel–– Fat or oilFat or oil–– MethanolMethanol–– CatalystCatalyst

•• Sodium hydroxideSodium hydroxide•• Potassium Potassium

hydroxidehydroxide•• Sodium metholateSodium metholate

General Definition of Biodiesel:General Definition of Biodiesel:

Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean, canola, sunflower oil oils like soybean, canola, sunflower oil and animal fat and which meets the and animal fat and which meets the specifications of American Standard for specifications of American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM D 6751).Testing and Materials (ASTM D 6751).

Biodiesel MythsBiodiesel Myths

•• Can I use biodiesel in cold climates?Can I use biodiesel in cold climates?–– Biodiesel does Biodiesel does ““gelgel”” at a somewhat at a somewhat

higher temperature (about 15higher temperature (about 15--40F) 40F) depending on the oil used. To lower the depending on the oil used. To lower the gel point of biodiesel you can gel point of biodiesel you can •• Mix it with some winterized dieselMix it with some winterized diesel•• Add an antiAdd an anti--gel additive specifically gel additive specifically

formulated for biodieselformulated for biodiesel•• Install a fuel system heating kit and run Install a fuel system heating kit and run

100% biodiesel well below zero 100% biodiesel well below zero

Biodiesel MythsBiodiesel Myths

•• Will my biodiesel void my engine Will my biodiesel void my engine warranty?warranty?–– Most major diesel vehicle manufacturers Most major diesel vehicle manufacturers

have already acknowledged that up to have already acknowledged that up to 5% (B5) biodiesel will NOT void your 5% (B5) biodiesel will NOT void your warranty. Check with your dealer or warranty. Check with your dealer or diesel mechanics for further details. diesel mechanics for further details. Companies such as Cummins, Caterpillar Companies such as Cummins, Caterpillar and John Deere have extensively tested and John Deere have extensively tested biodiesel and are strong supporters.biodiesel and are strong supporters.

Biodiesel MythsBiodiesel Myths

•• Am I responsible to pay fuel tax?Am I responsible to pay fuel tax?–– Technically, you are responsible for paying any Technically, you are responsible for paying any

applicable applicable ““road useroad use”” taxes on the biodiesel taxes on the biodiesel you make. The IRS provides a 1,600 you make. The IRS provides a 1,600 gallon/person/year exemption for homegallon/person/year exemption for home--made made and personally consumed (not sold) alternative and personally consumed (not sold) alternative fuels like biodiesel. Wisconsin requires a fuels like biodiesel. Wisconsin requires a monthly report and that tax be paid for monthly report and that tax be paid for biodiesel.biodiesel.Wisconsin Dept of Revenue Wisconsin Dept of Revenue Form MFForm MF--017 Rev 3017 Rev 3--0606

Biodiesel MythsBiodiesel Myths

•• How safe is biodiesel to handle? How safe is biodiesel to handle? What about spills?What about spills?–– Biodiesel is nonBiodiesel is non--toxic, fully toxic, fully

biodegradable, and safe to store biodegradable, and safe to store (100(100--125F higher flash point) than 125F higher flash point) than petroleum diesel.petroleum diesel.

How safe is Biodiesel?How safe is Biodiesel?

•• Remember!!! Remember!!! You started with You started with

cooking oilcooking oil--you you still have still have cooking oilcooking oil !!! !!!

Biodiesel MythsBiodiesel Myths

•• Can I mix biodiesel with regular Can I mix biodiesel with regular fossil diesel?fossil diesel?–– You can mix biodiesel in ANY ratio, back You can mix biodiesel in ANY ratio, back

and forth, with no problems.and forth, with no problems.

Do I need special storage Do I need special storage facilities?facilities?

In general, the standard storage and In general, the standard storage and handling procedures used for handling procedures used for petroleum diesel can be used for petroleum diesel can be used for biodiesel. The fuel should be stored in biodiesel. The fuel should be stored in a clean, dry, dark environment. a clean, dry, dark environment. Acceptable storage tank materials Acceptable storage tank materials include aluminum, steel, fluorinated include aluminum, steel, fluorinated polyethylene, fluorinated polyethylene, fluorinated polypropylene.polypropylene.

Biodiesel MythsBiodiesel Myths

•• How long can I store biodiesel?How long can I store biodiesel?–– Biodiesel can be stored for years Biodiesel can be stored for years

provided that it is kept free of oxygen provided that it is kept free of oxygen (displace air with nitrogen form your (displace air with nitrogen form your local welding shop) and bacteriological local welding shop) and bacteriological growths (just add a biocide made growths (just add a biocide made exclusively for biodiesel).exclusively for biodiesel).

Biodiesel MythsBiodiesel Myths

•• How does biodiesel emissions compare to How does biodiesel emissions compare to petroleum diesel or gasoline?petroleum diesel or gasoline?

•• Gas PetroGas Petro--diesel Biodiesel Bio•• Greenhouse gas +35% 0 Greenhouse gas +35% 0 --70%70%•• Particulates Particulates --70% 0 70% 0 --55%55%•• Nitrous Oxides Nitrous Oxides --55% 0 +5%55% 0 +5%•• Volatile Organics +170% 0 Volatile Organics +170% 0 --45%45%•• Carbon Monoxide +415% 0 Carbon Monoxide +415% 0 --45%45%

Is it approved for use in the US?Is it approved for use in the US?

Biodiesel is registered as a fuel and fuel Biodiesel is registered as a fuel and fuel additive with the Environmental Protection additive with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and meets clean diesel Agency (EPA) and meets clean diesel standards established by the California Air standards established by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). Neat (100 percent) Resources Board (CARB). Neat (100 percent) biodiesel has been designated as an biodiesel has been designated as an alternative fuel by the Department of Energy alternative fuel by the Department of Energy (DOE) and the US Department of (DOE) and the US Department of Transportation (DOT).Transportation (DOT).

Who can answer my questions Who can answer my questions about biodiesel?about biodiesel?

The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) maintains the largest library of biodiesel maintains the largest library of biodiesel information in the US. Information can be information in the US. Information can be requested by visiting the biodiesel web site requested by visiting the biodiesel web site at www.biodiesel.org, by emailing the NBB at www.biodiesel.org, by emailing the NBB at at info@nbb.orginfo@nbb.org, or by calling NBB, or by calling NBB’’s toll free s toll free number (800) 841number (800) 841--5849.5849.

Fields to FuelFields to Fuel

•• Barron County in 2004Barron County in 2004–– 29,300 acres of soybeans or 934,000 bu29,300 acres of soybeans or 934,000 bu–– 79,900 acres of corn or 6,580,000 bu79,900 acres of corn or 6,580,000 bu–– 26,500 head of cattle26,500 head of cattle

Fields to FuelFields to Fuel

•• Currently Barron Co. farmers pay Currently Barron Co. farmers pay $.36$.36--.40 a bushel to transport their .40 a bushel to transport their soybeans to marketsoybeans to market–– Redwing, MNRedwing, MN–– Mankato, MNMankato, MN–– Duluth, MNDuluth, MN

Fields to FuelFields to Fuel

•• Barron Co. dairy farmers pay $10Barron Co. dairy farmers pay $10--$20 a ton to have soybean meal $20 a ton to have soybean meal ( or other protein sources) hauled ( or other protein sources) hauled back to Barron Co. back to Barron Co.

Use Quality OilUse Quality Oil

•• Highest quality oilsHighest quality oils–– CanolaCanola–– SunflowerSunflower–– FlaxFlax–– CamelenaCamelena

•• Lower qualityLower quality–– Soy oilSoy oil–– Animal fatAnimal fat

Homemade BiodieselHomemade Biodieselfrom from

Waste OilWaste Oil

•• Cost less than $.70 a gallon to Cost less than $.70 a gallon to produceproduce

•• 1010--25% of all used oil 25% of all used oil collected is discardedcollected is discarded

•• Most used cooking oil is soy Most used cooking oil is soy basedbased

Cost of Setting UpCost of Setting Up2 screw press $16,5003 phase converter $1,200electrical work $5002 augers $1,000press stand $300overhead bin $253 settling tanks $500Fittings, tubes $25Total $18,000-$19,500

Fuel making equipment

Fuelmeister-processor $3,000

Could process 10,000 to 30,000 gallons/year

Cost of Oil2000 # sunflower @ $.12/# = $240.00

1,280# of sunflower meal @ $.12/# = $154.00720# of oil @ $.119/# = $86.00

Cost of making oil

Oil @ $.119/# $.119Labor/# $.02Electricity/# $.01Depreciation/# $.02Repairs/# $.02Total Cost per # $.189

Cost of FuelCost of Fuel

Oil 7.8 # x $.189/# = $1.47/ gallonLabor $.10/gallon .10Electricity $.05/gallon .05Lye $.02/gallon .02Methanol=$2.20 $.43/gallon .43Total Cost/gallon $2.07

Cost of FuelCost of Fuel

•• Once you have your fuel made and used, Once you have your fuel made and used, remember you may be able to collect remember you may be able to collect $1.00/gallon from the IRS$1.00/gallon from the IRS–– Form 8864 Form 8864 ““BiodieselBiodiesel Fuel CreditFuel Credit””

You’re the Middleman in Every Step

•• Grow or purchase the seed stockGrow or purchase the seed stock•• OilOil

–– Convert to fuelConvert to fuel--no more fuel billsno more fuel bills–– Or sellOr sellMealMeal

feedfeed--no more feed billsno more feed billsOr sell for feed or Or sell for feed or corn burner fuelcorn burner fuel