Kim A. Hoelmer Christine Dieckhoff Kathy Tatman Ashley ...€¦ · Kim A. Hoelmer . Christine...
Transcript of Kim A. Hoelmer Christine Dieckhoff Kathy Tatman Ashley ...€¦ · Kim A. Hoelmer . Christine...
Kim A. Hoelmer Christine Dieckhoff
Kathy Tatman Ashley Colavecchio
USDA/ARS, Newark, DE
BMSB Workgroup, Rutgers, NJ – June 16th, 2016
T. japonicus now found in: MD, D.C., VA, DE (east coast) and WA (west coast) Recoveries were made from BMSB (sentinel & wild), Podisus and Thyanta
Coo
rd. 2
Coord. 1
Principal Coordinates (PCoA)
BARC2014
WINCHESTER
US NATL
VANCOUVER
BIIR 2015
BARC2015
Pop7
Pop8
Pop9
Pop10
Pop11
Pop12
Pop13
Pop14
Pop15
Pop16
Pop17
U.S. adventive populations
Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of genetic diversity among 23 microsatellite markers in T. japonicus
Chinese populations
Beijing
East Coast
West Coast
Wider regional surveys needed to monitor their spread
Determine their impact on BMSB & non-targets in the field
Continue work on a Petition to release Beijing T. japonicus
APHIS requires a Petition for each state
Field recovery/impact data may help to fast-track a Petition to Release in other regions (if it is still needed) or redistribute the adventive populations
Regional surveys (ongoing) to document the occurrence & impact of natural enemies:
Overall low levels of parasitism
Impact varies according to habitat
Predation is often more important than parasitism
Studies in conservation biological control to increase impact of native predators and parasitoids Border plantings, trap crops, insectary plants
Will native natural enemies adapt to BMSB over time? Why are native parasitoids poorly adapted to BMSB?
Can adaptation be enhanced via laboratory selection?
Status of Biological Control In North America:
tsp180
tsp181
tsp179
tsp175
tsp174
tsp173
tsp172
tsp171
tsp169
tsp168
tsp166
tsp165
tsp164
tsp163
tsp157
TSP130
TSp125
TSp118
TSP115
TSp110
Tsp53
TSP98
TSp102
TSp106
Tsp50
Tsp49
Tsp48
Tsp45
Tsp44
tsp185
TSP77
TSP78
TSP79
TSP88
TSP90
TSP91
TSP93
Tsp52
Tsp41
tsp154
tsp155
tsp167
tsp170
tsp182
TSP144
TSP141
TSP142
TSP143
TSP145
TSP146
TSP147
TSP148
Tsp51
tsp186
Tsp43
tsp161
tsp176
Tsp42
Tsp46
tsp162
Tsp54
TSP127
TSP128
TSp126
TSP96
TSP92
TSP87
TSP86
TSP84
TSP83
TSP82
TSP80
TSP81
TSP85
TSP89
TSP129
TSP131
TSP132
TSP133
TSP134
TSP135
TSP136
TSP137
TSP138
TSP139
TSP140
Tsp40
Tsp58
Tsp59
TSP94
TSP95
TSP152
TSP153
TSP151
TSP150
TSP149
Tsp39
tsp189
tsp184
tsp188
tsp156
tsp177
tsp178
tsp187
tsp190
tsp191
tsp183
Tsp55
Tsp57
tsp192
tsp193
tsp194
tsp159
tsp158
tsp160 100
73
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61
61
100
83
62
99
77
100
76
26
41
5
1
22
58
85
100
100
100
99
100
59
69
0.1
Phylogenetic tree based on
Maximum Likelihood, GTR+G+I model
(CO1) T. japonicus
T. sp.
Gryon sp.
T. mitsukurii
T. cultratus
T. plautiae
T. edessae T. spp.
T. spp.
Telenomus spp.
Scelionidae from eggs of Asian
Pentatomidae
M.-C. Bon – ARS/EBCL E. Talamas – ARS/SEL
M. Buffington – ARS/SEL C. Dieckhoff – ARS/BIIR K. Hoelmer – ARS/BIIR
Trissolcus japonicus is oligophagous - it attacks several (but not all) Asian pentatomid species
Dolycoris baccarum Plautia crossota
Glaucias subpunctatus
Erthesino fullo
Halyomorpha halys
T. japonicus is the dominant species throughout the season on different host plants
Other species (e.g., Anastatus, Telenomus, tachinid flies) are of minor importance in controlling BMSB
Ecological host range of T. japonicus contains other species in these habitats, e.g. Plautia and Dolycoris
T. japonicus is an oligophagous species, thus non-target attacks likely of some other stink bugs, risk-benefit analysis needed
Ongoing studies: impact on non-target species, including the predatory species Arma chinensis
Summary – In Asia:
NAPPO Guidelines for Petitions for First Release of Arthropod Pest Biological Control Agents
Introducing Asian Parasitoids: Status
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Trichopepla semivittata (N=)Thyanta pallidovirens (N=16)
Stiretrus anchorago (N=6)Podisus brevispinus (N=9)
Perillus bioculatus (N=7)Oebalus pugnax (N=12)
Murgantia histrionica (N=23)Holcostethus abbreviatus (N=20)
Edessa florida (N=28)Cosmopepla intergressa (N=5)
Coleotichus blackburniae KOA (N=12)Coenus delius (N=12)
Chlorochroa ligata (N=25)Brochymena quadripustulata (N=17)
Bagrada hilaris (N=7)Antheminia remota (N=6)
Amaurochrous sp. (N=8)Agonoscelis puberula (N=12)
live males live females unemerged parasitoids hatched nymphs unhatched nymphs
No-Choice Test Outcome (1)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Thyanta custator accerra (MI, N=22)Thyanta custator accerra (DE, N=13)
Thyanta custator (OR, N=23)Thyanta custator (DE, N=23)
Podisus maculiventris (MI, N=19)Podisus maculiventris (DE, N=34)
Holcostethus limbolarius (MI, N=20)Holcostethus limbolarius (DE, N=20)
Euschistus variolarius (DE, N=21)Euschistus variolarius (MI, N=17)
Euschistus tristigmus luridus (MI, N=20)Euschistus tristigmus (DE, N=26)
Euschistus servus euschistoides (MI, N=13)Euschistus servus (DE, N=20)
Cosmopepla lintneriana (OR, N=16)Cosmopepla lintneriana (DE, N=26)
Chlorochroa uhleri (OR, N=8)Chlorochroa uhleri (CA, N=8)
Chinavia hilaris (OR, N=19)Chinavia hilaris (MI, N=17)Banasa dimiata (OR, N=22)Banasa dimiata (MI, N=13)
live males live females unemerged parasitoids hatched nymphs unhatched nymphs
No-Choice Test Outcome (population variability)
Observation of parasitoid behavior for
1 hour
Naïve, 24h-old female T. japonicus exposed to
egg masses - 1 hour - 4 hours - 6 hours
- 24 hours
BMSB P. maculiventris
No egg mass
parasitized (N = 8)
53%
Parasitism of BMSB
only (N = 6)
40%
Parasitism P. maculiventris only (N = 1)
7%
Parasitism of both egg
masses (N = 0)
0%
4 hours
No egg mass
parasitized (N = 9)
56%
Parasitism BMSB only
(N = 7) 44%
Parasitism P. maculiventris
only (N = 0)
0%
Parasitism of both
egg masses (N = 0)
0%
6 hours No egg mass
parasitized (N = 1)
7%
Parasitism of BMSB
only (N = 10)
66%
Parasitism P. maculiventris only (N = 0)
0%
Parasitism of both egg
masses (N = 4)
27%
24 hours
No egg mass
parasitized (N = 5)
33% Parasitism of BMSB
only (N = 8)
54%
Parasitism of P.
maculiventris only
(N = 2) 13%
Parasitism
of both egg
masses (N = 0)
0%
1 hour
Native parasitoids have low impact in landscape reservoirs but may be important in certain crops/situations (e.g., Anastatus, Telenomus)
T. japonicus is established and spreading in the U.S. in arboreal landscape habitats (important as population reservoirs)
Physiological host range of T. japonicus includes other stink bug species in the U.S. (in laboratory tests)
Ongoing studies: ecological impact on non-target pentatomids, including Podisus maculiventris
Impact of both native & introduced natural enemies should increase over time
Summary
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Naturally laid
Missing Sucking damage Chewing damage
Nymph-Hatched Nymph-Unhatched Nymph-Undeveloped
Parasitoid-Emerged Parasitoid-Unemerged Parasitoid-Undeveloped
Fate of BMSB eggs in DE surveys 2007 to 2015
Sentinel Egg Masses
Naturally Laid Egg Masses
Sentinels vs. naturally laid
(wild)
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Naturally laid
Missing Sucking damage Chewing damage
Nymph-Hatched Nymph-Unhatched Nymph-Undeveloped
Parasitoid-Emerged Parasitoid-Unemerged Parasitoid-Undeveloped
Fate of BMSB eggs in DE surveys 2007 to 2015
Sentinel Egg Masses
Naturally Laid Egg Masses
Missing or apparent predation
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Naturally laid
Missing Sucking damage Chewing damage
Nymph-Hatched Nymph-Unhatched Nymph-Undeveloped
Parasitoid-Emerged Parasitoid-Unemerged Parasitoid-Undeveloped
Fate of BMSB eggs in DE surveys 2007 to 2015
Sentinel Egg Masses
Naturally Laid Egg Masses
BMSB nymphs (hatched & unhatched)
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Naturally laid
Missing Sucking damage Chewing damage
Nymph-Hatched Nymph-Unhatched Nymph-Undeveloped
Parasitoid-Emerged Parasitoid-Unemerged Parasitoid-Undeveloped
Fate of BMSB eggs in DE surveys 2007 to 2015
Sentinel Egg Masses
Naturally Laid Egg Masses
Parasitism (emerged & unemerged)
55.46 31.57 47.22 22.93 34.67 46.05 35.44 46.89 64.81 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Perc
enta
ge p
aras
itize
d eg
gs (m
ean±
SE)
Other
Sentinel BMSB eggs (light grey) & naturally
laid BMSB eggs (dark grey):
% eggs parasitized in each egg mass (± SE)
Naturally laid eggs of other species (blue):
% parasitized per egg mass (± SE)
Note differences in Y-axis scale
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Reject Accept
Tim
e un
til D
etec
tion
of E
gg m
ass
(in
sec
; mea
n ±
SE)
N = 6 N = 27 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Reject Accept
Tim
e sp
ent a
nten
natin
g/vi
sit (
in
sec/
T sp
ent o
n EM
; mea
n ±
SE)
N = 27 N = 6
Oviposition (mean ± SE): 168.65 ± 11.5 s Marking (mean ± SE): 22.65 ± 2.32 s
F1,29 = 0.0312, P = 0.861 F1,28 = 5.87, P = 0.0224
No Yes