KILIFI COUNTY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES
Transcript of KILIFI COUNTY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES
Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
August 2018
KILIFI COUNTY GOVERNMENTDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES
INCENTIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ATTRACTION AND
RETENTION OF HEALTH WORKFORCE
Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
This publication is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the Department of Health of the Kilifi County Government and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the
United States Government.
Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
Contents
Foreword...............................................................................................................iiAcknowledgements..............................................................................................iiiBackground............................................................................................................1Components of the Framework.............................................................................5Strategies for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce in Kilifi County.....7Monitoring and Evaluation....................................................................................9Implementation Framework.................................................................................10List of Contributors..............................................................................................14
List of TablesTable 1: Strategies for Attraction and Retention of Health Workers in Kilifi County.....................................................................................................................6
List of FiguresFigure 1: Strategies for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce.................7 Annex 1: List of Contributors................................................................................15
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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
FOREWORD
Since the devolution of health services in 2013, the department of health has progressively increased its workforce from 907 to 1426, which is a 32% increase, by the end of 2017. This investment is expected to continue in an effort to increase health worker numbers, which is aimed at improving access to health services to the population of Kilifi County.
This effort notwithstanding, investing in Human Resources for Health (HRH) is a resource intensive investment, which is hindered by limited budgetary allocation among other dynamics. To facilitate the development of a vibrant and well-motivated workforce, the department, working with its partners, developed these guidelines to address various HRH challenges, which include: staff shortages, unequal distribution, high attrition especially in the hard-to-reach areas, out migration among others.
The overall objective of these guidelines framework is to ensure improved attraction and retention of health workers in the county. This is to be achieved through the institutionalization of four key strategies namely: financial incentives; non-financial incentives; making work environment more attractive and; making rural and hard-to-reach stations more attractive.
With the leadership of the Kilifi County Government’s vision for a healthy and a productive population, it is envisaged that resources will be committed towards the implementation of these guidelines, which ultimately will address the intended purpose; improved health service delivery for the people of Kilifi.
Hon. Dr. Anisa Omar County Executive Committee Member, Health ServicesCounty Government of Kilifi
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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Kilifi County Department of Health Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce Guidelines has been developed through a consultative process by various stakeholders at various levels, which include the health service providers, health service managers and partners.
The department of Health leadership wishes to sincerely acknowledge all individuals and organizations who contributed in the development of this critical document. First and foremost, we thank the USAID-funded IntraHealth International-led HRH Kenya Mechanism for providing financial and technical support to this process.
We acknowledge the health facilities, Sub-counties and County Health Management teams whose inputs, throughout all the stages, shaped the development of these guidelines. We also acknowledge the support of all our stakeholders who, in one way or the other, contributed to the successful development of the incentive guidelines.I look forward to the partnership of both the County Government and other stakeholders to make the implementation of this policy a reality for the betterment of the health services in our County.
Dr. Bilali MazoyaChief Officer, Medical Services County Government of Kilifi
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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
BACKGROUND
Human Resource for Health is the backbone of the health sector, thus the most important pillar in the health system. Worldwide, the growing gap between the supply of health care professionals and the demand for their services is recognized as a key issue for health and development, thus the need for incentive systems for health care professionals.
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a global shortage of 4.3 million health workers, including approximately 3 million health professionals. Many countries are affected by the shortage and 57 have been identified as ‘in a crisis’.
In most countries, imbalance in labor supply is caused by a number of factors. These include: poor human resource (HR) planning and management, and unsatisfactory working conditions characterized by heavy workloads; lack of professional autonomy; long working hours; unsafe working conditions and; unfair pay. It is within this context that policy makers, planners and managers have turned their attention to identifying and implementing incentive systems, which will be effective in improving the recruitment and retention of health care personnel (World Medical Association, June 2008).
The World Health Organization defines incentives as factors and, or conditions within health professionals work environments that enable and encourage them to stay in their jobs, in their profession, and in their countries.
According to the evaluation of the Human Resource for Health Strategic Plan 2009 -2012 and the HRH Strategy 2014 - 2018, the key HRH challenges facing Kenya include: staff shortages; inequitable distribution; high attrition especially in hard to-reach areas; out-migration of health staff especially nurses and doctors; weak human resource management systems; poor leadership and management capacity; weaknesses in pre-service and in-service training; inadequate sectoral coordination of the HRH agenda and; low compensation and benefits package.
Kilifi County has a population of 1,447, 670 (KNBS projected from 2009 census). It has seven sub counties, 35 administrative wards, 143 public health facilities (5 hospitals,
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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
14 health centres and 124 dispensaries) and 151 private facilities. The doctor-patient ratio in Kilifi County stands at 10:100,000 against the accepted WHO standard of 36:100,000. Moreover, this ratio compares dismally with Kenya’s own Health Sector Strategic Plan (KHSSP, 2014-2018) whose recommended ratio is 19:100,000.
In addition, the nurse-patient ratio for Kilifi County stands at 40:100,000 against the Kenya national standard of 166:100,000 and WHO standard of 356:100,000 (IPPD, 2012). Health workforce retention has been a major challenge in the county. This has been aggravated by other factors such as: shortage of health workers, low staff morale, staff out-migration, inequitable distribution, poor HR management, heavy workload, inadequate medical equipment and supplies, lack of recognition, negative attitude towards work, deplorable working conditions, poor communication channels and inadequate support supervision.
It is against this background that the department of health services in Kilifi County felt the need to come up with guidelines that will enable the department to attract and retain health workers, especially in the hard-to-reach areas.
Purpose of Framework
This incentive framework identifies the essential strategies that Kilifi County will put in place to ensure that health workers’ attraction and retention is optimized towards improving health workforce productivity and health outcomes of the clients.
Present Context and Case for Change
Kilifi County Department of Health has 1,449 health workers, which accounts for 40 % of the total workforce in the County Government. Of these are 78 medical officers, 26 Pharmacists, 11 dental officers, 17 medical specialists, 597 nurses and 139 clinical officers among other professionals. The health workers have a specific skill set that requires many years of intense training and conditioning, thus making them scarce locally and globally. It is clear from the background outlined above that there is a strong need for change in the way health workers can be attracted, retained and managed for the ultimate benefit of Kilifi County. Below are notable achievements by
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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
the health department as it endeavors to attract and retain health workers, as well as areas that require intervention and improvement.
Kilifi County has made efforts to recruit Health Workers (HWs) after the devolution of health services. However, the county is still faced with severe shortage of health workers, especially in Level 4 hospitals due to attrition, introduction and expansion of services and opening of new facilities.
• The county has made efforts to make working conditions more attractive through construction of new facilities and renovation of existing health facilities, and procurement of medical equipment. More needs to be done to incentivize health workers e.g., through provision of adequate tools and equipment, provision of adequate housing, timely promotions, etc.
• Inadequate Human Resource for Health support supervision has hampered quality service delivery and health workforce productivity.
• Dissatisfaction by HWs due to non-payment of daily subsistence allowances e.g., during patient referral services, surgical camps, delayed salary payments, etc, which compromises quality health-care services and attainment of Universal Health Care (UHC).
• Non implementation of existing HR policies e.g., staff are put on acting capacity without the prescribed allowances; delay in confirmation after probation; delay in promotions; staff welfare, etc.
• Disparities in the management of health workforce e.g., remuneration benefits, medical cover for health workers etc.
• Lack of policy and guidelines to manage, improve, attract and retain health workers in the County.
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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
Critical Success Factors
Critical success factors include: Support from the National Government, County Government (Executive, County Public Service Board (CPSB), County Department of Health (CDoH) and; County Assembly), private sector, Faith Based Organizations (FBOs) and development partners.
Guiding Principles
The strategies under the framework are in line with the Human Resource Management (HRM) policies and guidelines from National and County Governments; guided by principles and values including fair hiring, integrity, accountability, transparency, diversity, equal opportunities and equality in remuneration among others.
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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
COMPONENTS OF THE FRAMEWORK
Management of the health sector under a devolved system necessitates improved institutional and management arrangements. Counties need to create an environment where health facilities located in marginalized or hard to reach areas do not continue to suffer staff shortages. This will require the design of attractive packages to attract and retain health workers. Extra funding may be necessary for such packages, which may be sought from the Equalization Fund as provided for in Article 204 (2) of the Kenyan Constitution.
Several factors can contribute to improved health worker retention and productivity (Dieleman & Harnmeijer 2006). Various factors influencing staff retention and mobility can be distinguished: Personal and lifestyle-related factors including living conditions; work-related factors, preparation for work during pre-service education; health-system related factors such as human resources policy, planning and job satisfaction influenced by health facility factors, such as financial considerations, working conditions, management capacity and styles, professional advancement, and safety at work.
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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
The following strategies (in Figure 1 below) are expected to contribute to the achievement of health workforce attraction and retention:
Figure 1: Strategies for attraction and retention of health workforce (adapted from National incentive guideline).
Improved health workers attraction and retention
Non Financial incentives
Make work conditions more
Financial incentives
Make rural and hard to reach stations more attractive
Improved health workers attraction and retention
Make work conditions more attractive
Non Financial Incentives
Financial Incentives
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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
STRATEGIES FOR ATTRACTION AND RETENTION OF HEALTH WORKFORCE IN KILIFI COUNTY
Table 1: Strategies for attraction and retention of health workforce in Kilifi County
Make work conditions more attractive
• Implementation of an incentive policy for attraction and retention of health workers.• Provision of staff houses.• Provision of teas and drinking water at the workplace.• Provision of adequate medical equipment and supplies.• Employ adequate HCWs to reduce workload and burnout.• Conduct induction programs for newly hired, re-designated and promoted staff.• Registration, licensing and accreditation of health facilities to attract donor support.• Improve communication channels at all levels.• Provision of Internet connectivity to all health facilities. • Improve access to departmental policies, guidelines, advertisements, and other relevant information.• Use of accurate HRH data for better decision making.• Improved personnel records and filing systems at all levels.• Provision of adequate working tools to enable HWs to undertake their responsibilities.
Make undeveloped and hard to reach stations more attractive
• Improve communication channels.• Increase opportunities for continuous professional development.• Subsidized utilities including water and electricity.• Provision of adequate housing within vicinity of the health facilities.• Improving work environment including infrastructure (e.g., security, roads, communication, schools).• Strengthen referral systems and improve staff movement.• Develop a structured staff rotation system for health workers working in hard to reach areas.• Facilitation of staff for family visits for staff living far from their nuclear family.
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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
• Provision of training opportunities for all health workers.
• Adherence to existing HR Policies and Guidelines.
• Adherence to existing service delivery and operational guidelines & Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
• Improved human resources management (HRM) practices.
• Improve staff welfare by establishment of social amenities within vicinity of the health facilities.
• Improve working standards through modernization of health facilities.
• Strengthen supportive supervision.
Financial incentives• A commensurate hardship allowance paid
to members of staff who are stationed in the designated hardship areas.
• Timely remittance of HWs’ pension contribution, statutory deductions and other by-products.
• Facilitate access to subsidized mortgage facilities and car loans.
• Introduction of retirement package.• Implementation of the HR policies and
procedures manual 2016 on bereavement fund, and transport of the bereaved staff and family members.
Non-Financial incentives• Provide comprehensive health care
services for health workforce and immediate family.
• Provide opportunities for county sponsored trainings.
• Facilitate payment of professional membership and subscriptions.
• Provide opportunities for on-the-job development e.g., coaching, mentorship, etc.
• Staff recognition program for exemplary work and achievement.
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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Reporting of the progress in attraction and retention should be included as part of each county government’s corporate human resources plan.
Progress reports will be done on a quarterly basis during the County Health Management Team (CHMT) meetings, data review meetings, Health department joint work council meetings (Union leaders and County leadership), and shared with the Executive and CPSB.
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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
IMPL
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TATI
ON FR
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ate H
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10
Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
St
rateg
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menit
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tive J
uly, 2
018)
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11
Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
St
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018 -
20
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, mob
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, etc.
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nuou
s, (eff
ectiv
e FY2
018 -
20
19)
COH
Direc
tor of
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in,
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rease
oppo
rtunit
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r con
tinuo
us
profes
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elopm
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Prior
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post-
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servi
ng a
certa
in nu
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of ye
ars;
Prov
ision
of in
terne
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ess to
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deve
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.
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tive F
Y201
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19CO
H
3Pr
ovisi
on of
utilit
ies in
cludin
g wate
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ele
ctrici
ty.Dr
illing
of bo
rehole
s; ha
rvesti
ng of
rainw
ater; i
nstal
lation
of ge
nerat
ors or
so
lar sy
stems
.Eff
ectiv
e FY2
018 -
2019
CECM
Hea
lthCO
H
4Pr
ovisi
on of
adeq
uate
hous
ing w
ithin
vicini
ty of
the he
alth f
acilit
ies.
Cons
tructi
on of
new
staff h
ousin
g unit
s; ren
ovati
on of
exist
ing st
aff ho
uses;
ins
tallat
ion of
satel
lite te
levisi
on.
Conti
nuou
s, (eff
ectiv
e FY2
018 -
20
19)
CECM
Hea
lth,
COH
5Im
provin
g work
envir
onme
nt inc
luding
inf
rastru
cture
and s
ocial
/essen
tial s
ervice
s (se
curit
y, roa
ds, c
ommu
nicati
on, s
choo
ls).
Advo
cacy
throu
gh co
llabo
ration
with
othe
r cou
nty de
partm
ents
and o
ther
stake
holde
rs.Co
ntinu
ous,
(effec
tive F
Y201
8 -
2019
)CE
CM H
ealth
6Str
ength
en re
ferral
syste
ms an
d imp
rove
staff m
ovem
ent.
Proc
ureme
nt, m
ainten
ance
of am
bulan
ces a
nd ut
ility v
ehicl
es.
Conti
nuou
s, (eff
ectiv
e July
2018
)CO
H
7De
velop
a str
uctur
ed st
aff ro
tation
syste
m for
healt
h work
ers w
orking
in ha
rd to
reach
are
as.
Estab
lish a
team
to de
velop
the s
tructu
re.Eff
ectiv
e, FY
2018
/2019
COH
8Fa
cilita
tion o
f staff
for f
amily
visit
s for
staff
living
far f
rom th
eir fa
mily.
Deve
lop a
polic
y to g
uide t
he ex
ecuti
on of
the s
trateg
y. Pr
ovisi
on of
mea
ns
of tra
nspo
rt or it
s equ
ivalen
t.Eff
ectiv
e FY2
018/2
022
CECM
Hea
lth,
COH
Fi
nanc
ial in
cent
ives
1A
comm
ensu
rate h
ardsh
ip all
owan
ce pa
id to
memb
ers of
staff
who
are s
tation
ed in
the
desig
nated
hards
hip ar
eas.
CPSB
to lo
bby S
RC fo
r a ha
rdship
allow
ance
for H
Ws b
ased i
n hard
to
reach
area
s.Im
media
teCE
CM H
ealth
12
Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
St
rateg
yAc
tiviti
esTi
melin
esRe
spon
sibilit
y
2Tim
ely re
mitta
nce o
f HW
s pen
sion
contr
ibutio
n, sta
tutory
dedu
ction
s and
othe
r by
-prod
ucts.
Mov
e to H
RM pr
actic
es. C
ontin
uous
COH
3Fa
cilita
te ac
cess
to su
bsidi
zed m
ortga
ge
facilit
ies an
d car
loans
.Lo
bby t
he C
ounty
Exec
utive
to se
t asid
e mon
ey fo
r this
activ
ity.
Imme
diate
COH
No
n-Fi
nanc
ial in
cent
ives
1Pr
ovisi
on of
comp
rehen
sive h
ealth
ca
re ser
vices
for he
alth w
orkfor
ce an
d im
media
te fam
ily.
Reviv
e and
stren
gthen
the s
taff cl
inics
to en
able
staff a
ccess
quali
ty he
althc
are se
rvice
s.Co
ntinu
ous,
effec
tive J
uly, 2
018
CECM
Hea
lth, C
OH
2Pr
ovide
oppo
rtunit
ies fo
r cou
nty sp
onso
red
traini
ngs.
Deve
lop a
traini
ng da
tabase
. Trai
ning t
o be i
nform
ed by
Staff
Perfo
rman
ce
Appra
isal S
ystem
(SPA
S) an
d Trai
ning N
eed A
ssessm
ent (T
NA).
Conti
nuou
s, eff
ectiv
e July
2018
HRH
Office
r
3Fa
cilita
te pa
ymen
t of p
rofess
ional
memb
ership
and s
ubscr
iption
s.Pr
ovide
a bu
dget
for pr
ofessi
onal
subs
cripti
ons.
Conti
nuou
s, eff
ectiv
e 201
8/201
9CO
H
4Pr
ovide
oppo
rtunit
ies fo
r on-t
he-jo
b staff
de
velop
ment,
e.g.,
coac
hing,
mento
rship,
etc
.Im
prove
coac
hing,
mento
rship
and o
n-the
-job t
rainin
g for
HWs.
Conti
nuou
s effe
ctive
July,
2018
COH
5Sta
ff rec
ognit
ion pr
ogram
for e
xemp
lary
work
and a
chiev
emen
t.De
velop
crite
ria fo
r iden
tifyin
g the
high
ly pe
rform
ing st
aff. Is
suan
ce of
co
mmen
datio
n lett
ers an
d othe
r hon
ors, e
.g., s
taff of
the y
ear a
ward,
etc.
Conti
nuou
s, eff
ectiv
e July
, 201
8CE
CM H
ealth
COH
13
Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORSNAME OF PARTICIPANT INSTITUTION/ PROJECT TITLE
Dr. Anisa Omar Kilifi County Government County Executive CommitteeMember, Health Services
Bilali Mazoya Kilifi County Government County Director of Health
Richard Ayore Kilifi County Government Ag. County Director, Human Resource Management and the County Director of Administration, Health
Humphrey Mundu Kilifi County Government Chief Laboratory Technologist
Esther Mwema Kilifi County Government County Nursing Officer
Grace Baya Kilifi County Government County Clinical Officer
Vincent Iduri Kilifi County Government County Public Health Officer
Selina Katana Kilifi County Government Hospital Health Administrative Officer
Christopher Ziroh Kilifi County Government County Health Records Information Officer
Eric K. Maitha Kilifi County Government Deputy County Public Health Officer
Ronald N Mbunya Kilifi County Government County Nutrition Officer
Patrick M. Makazi Kilifi County Government County Non-Communicable Disease Coordinator
14
Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
Sarah Kombe Kilifi County Government Senior Human Resource Officer
Pamela Choni Mwatua Kilifi County Government County Commodity and Infection Prevention Control Coordinator
Victorina Shikutwa Kilifi County Government HRH Officer
Reuben Kavuo Kilifi County Government HRH Assistant
Mukami Kathambara USAID/Human Resources for Health Kenya Mechanism
Manager, HRHPolicies & Guidelines
Bonventure Musyoki USAID/Human Resources for Health Kenya Mechanism
County Cluster HRH Manager – Coast Region
15
Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
NOTES....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
16
Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce
Department of Health ServicesCounty Government of Kilifi
P.O. BOX 519-80108Email: [email protected];