KILIFI COUNTY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES

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August 2018 KILIFI COUNTY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES INCENTIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ATTRACTION AND RETENTION OF HEALTH WORKFORCE

Transcript of KILIFI COUNTY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES

Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

August 2018

KILIFI COUNTY GOVERNMENTDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES

INCENTIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ATTRACTION AND

RETENTION OF HEALTH WORKFORCE

Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

This publication is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the Department of Health of the Kilifi County Government and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the

United States Government.

Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

Contents

Foreword...............................................................................................................iiAcknowledgements..............................................................................................iiiBackground............................................................................................................1Components of the Framework.............................................................................5Strategies for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce in Kilifi County.....7Monitoring and Evaluation....................................................................................9Implementation Framework.................................................................................10List of Contributors..............................................................................................14

List of TablesTable 1: Strategies for Attraction and Retention of Health Workers in Kilifi County.....................................................................................................................6

List of FiguresFigure 1: Strategies for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce.................7 Annex 1: List of Contributors................................................................................15

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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

FOREWORD

Since the devolution of health services in 2013, the department of health has progressively increased its workforce from 907 to 1426, which is a 32% increase, by the end of 2017. This investment is expected to continue in an effort to increase health worker numbers, which is aimed at improving access to health services to the population of Kilifi County.

This effort notwithstanding, investing in Human Resources for Health (HRH) is a resource intensive investment, which is hindered by limited budgetary allocation among other dynamics. To facilitate the development of a vibrant and well-motivated workforce, the department, working with its partners, developed these guidelines to address various HRH challenges, which include: staff shortages, unequal distribution, high attrition especially in the hard-to-reach areas, out migration among others.

The overall objective of these guidelines framework is to ensure improved attraction and retention of health workers in the county. This is to be achieved through the institutionalization of four key strategies namely: financial incentives; non-financial incentives; making work environment more attractive and; making rural and hard-to-reach stations more attractive.

With the leadership of the Kilifi County Government’s vision for a healthy and a productive population, it is envisaged that resources will be committed towards the implementation of these guidelines, which ultimately will address the intended purpose; improved health service delivery for the people of Kilifi.

Hon. Dr. Anisa Omar County Executive Committee Member, Health ServicesCounty Government of Kilifi

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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Kilifi County Department of Health Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce Guidelines has been developed through a consultative process by various stakeholders at various levels, which include the health service providers, health service managers and partners.

The department of Health leadership wishes to sincerely acknowledge all individuals and organizations who contributed in the development of this critical document. First and foremost, we thank the USAID-funded IntraHealth International-led HRH Kenya Mechanism for providing financial and technical support to this process.

We acknowledge the health facilities, Sub-counties and County Health Management teams whose inputs, throughout all the stages, shaped the development of these guidelines. We also acknowledge the support of all our stakeholders who, in one way or the other, contributed to the successful development of the incentive guidelines.I look forward to the partnership of both the County Government and other stakeholders to make the implementation of this policy a reality for the betterment of the health services in our County.

Dr. Bilali MazoyaChief Officer, Medical Services County Government of Kilifi

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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

BACKGROUND

Human Resource for Health is the backbone of the health sector, thus the most important pillar in the health system. Worldwide, the growing gap between the supply of health care professionals and the demand for their services is recognized as a key issue for health and development, thus the need for incentive systems for health care professionals.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a global shortage of 4.3 million health workers, including approximately 3 million health professionals. Many countries are affected by the shortage and 57 have been identified as ‘in a crisis’.

In most countries, imbalance in labor supply is caused by a number of factors. These include: poor human resource (HR) planning and management, and unsatisfactory working conditions characterized by heavy workloads; lack of professional autonomy; long working hours; unsafe working conditions and; unfair pay. It is within this context that policy makers, planners and managers have turned their attention to identifying and implementing incentive systems, which will be effective in improving the recruitment and retention of health care personnel (World Medical Association, June 2008).

The World Health Organization defines incentives as factors and, or conditions within health professionals work environments that enable and encourage them to stay in their jobs, in their profession, and in their countries.

According to the evaluation of the Human Resource for Health Strategic Plan 2009 -2012 and the HRH Strategy 2014 - 2018, the key HRH challenges facing Kenya include: staff shortages; inequitable distribution; high attrition especially in hard to-reach areas; out-migration of health staff especially nurses and doctors; weak human resource management systems; poor leadership and management capacity; weaknesses in pre-service and in-service training; inadequate sectoral coordination of the HRH agenda and; low compensation and benefits package.

Kilifi County has a population of 1,447, 670 (KNBS projected from 2009 census). It has seven sub counties, 35 administrative wards, 143 public health facilities (5 hospitals,

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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

14 health centres and 124 dispensaries) and 151 private facilities. The doctor-patient ratio in Kilifi County stands at 10:100,000 against the accepted WHO standard of 36:100,000. Moreover, this ratio compares dismally with Kenya’s own Health Sector Strategic Plan (KHSSP, 2014-2018) whose recommended ratio is 19:100,000.

In addition, the nurse-patient ratio for Kilifi County stands at 40:100,000 against the Kenya national standard of 166:100,000 and WHO standard of 356:100,000 (IPPD, 2012). Health workforce retention has been a major challenge in the county. This has been aggravated by other factors such as: shortage of health workers, low staff morale, staff out-migration, inequitable distribution, poor HR management, heavy workload, inadequate medical equipment and supplies, lack of recognition, negative attitude towards work, deplorable working conditions, poor communication channels and inadequate support supervision.

It is against this background that the department of health services in Kilifi County felt the need to come up with guidelines that will enable the department to attract and retain health workers, especially in the hard-to-reach areas.

Purpose of Framework

This incentive framework identifies the essential strategies that Kilifi County will put in place to ensure that health workers’ attraction and retention is optimized towards improving health workforce productivity and health outcomes of the clients.

Present Context and Case for Change

Kilifi County Department of Health has 1,449 health workers, which accounts for 40 % of the total workforce in the County Government. Of these are 78 medical officers, 26 Pharmacists, 11 dental officers, 17 medical specialists, 597 nurses and 139 clinical officers among other professionals. The health workers have a specific skill set that requires many years of intense training and conditioning, thus making them scarce locally and globally. It is clear from the background outlined above that there is a strong need for change in the way health workers can be attracted, retained and managed for the ultimate benefit of Kilifi County. Below are notable achievements by

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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

the health department as it endeavors to attract and retain health workers, as well as areas that require intervention and improvement.

Kilifi County has made efforts to recruit Health Workers (HWs) after the devolution of health services. However, the county is still faced with severe shortage of health workers, especially in Level 4 hospitals due to attrition, introduction and expansion of services and opening of new facilities.

• The county has made efforts to make working conditions more attractive through construction of new facilities and renovation of existing health facilities, and procurement of medical equipment. More needs to be done to incentivize health workers e.g., through provision of adequate tools and equipment, provision of adequate housing, timely promotions, etc.

• Inadequate Human Resource for Health support supervision has hampered quality service delivery and health workforce productivity.

• Dissatisfaction by HWs due to non-payment of daily subsistence allowances e.g., during patient referral services, surgical camps, delayed salary payments, etc, which compromises quality health-care services and attainment of Universal Health Care (UHC).

• Non implementation of existing HR policies e.g., staff are put on acting capacity without the prescribed allowances; delay in confirmation after probation; delay in promotions; staff welfare, etc.

• Disparities in the management of health workforce e.g., remuneration benefits, medical cover for health workers etc.

• Lack of policy and guidelines to manage, improve, attract and retain health workers in the County.

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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

Critical Success Factors

Critical success factors include: Support from the National Government, County Government (Executive, County Public Service Board (CPSB), County Department of Health (CDoH) and; County Assembly), private sector, Faith Based Organizations (FBOs) and development partners.

Guiding Principles

The strategies under the framework are in line with the Human Resource Management (HRM) policies and guidelines from National and County Governments; guided by principles and values including fair hiring, integrity, accountability, transparency, diversity, equal opportunities and equality in remuneration among others.

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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

COMPONENTS OF THE FRAMEWORK

Management of the health sector under a devolved system necessitates improved institutional and management arrangements. Counties need to create an environment where health facilities located in marginalized or hard to reach areas do not continue to suffer staff shortages. This will require the design of attractive packages to attract and retain health workers. Extra funding may be necessary for such packages, which may be sought from the Equalization Fund as provided for in Article 204 (2) of the Kenyan Constitution.

Several factors can contribute to improved health worker retention and productivity (Dieleman & Harnmeijer 2006). Various factors influencing staff retention and mobility can be distinguished: Personal and lifestyle-related factors including living conditions; work-related factors, preparation for work during pre-service education; health-system related factors such as human resources policy, planning and job satisfaction influenced by health facility factors, such as financial considerations, working conditions, management capacity and styles, professional advancement, and safety at work.

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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

The following strategies (in Figure 1 below) are expected to contribute to the achievement of health workforce attraction and retention:

Figure 1: Strategies for attraction and retention of health workforce (adapted from National incentive guideline).

Improved health workers attraction and retention

Non Financial incentives

Make work conditions more

Financial incentives

Make rural and hard to reach stations more attractive

Improved health workers attraction and retention

Make work conditions more attractive

Non Financial Incentives

Financial Incentives

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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

STRATEGIES FOR ATTRACTION AND RETENTION OF HEALTH WORKFORCE IN KILIFI COUNTY

Table 1: Strategies for attraction and retention of health workforce in Kilifi County

Make work conditions more attractive

• Implementation of an incentive policy for attraction and retention of health workers.• Provision of staff houses.• Provision of teas and drinking water at the workplace.• Provision of adequate medical equipment and supplies.• Employ adequate HCWs to reduce workload and burnout.• Conduct induction programs for newly hired, re-designated and promoted staff.• Registration, licensing and accreditation of health facilities to attract donor support.• Improve communication channels at all levels.• Provision of Internet connectivity to all health facilities. • Improve access to departmental policies, guidelines, advertisements, and other relevant information.• Use of accurate HRH data for better decision making.• Improved personnel records and filing systems at all levels.• Provision of adequate working tools to enable HWs to undertake their responsibilities.

Make undeveloped and hard to reach stations more attractive

• Improve communication channels.• Increase opportunities for continuous professional development.• Subsidized utilities including water and electricity.• Provision of adequate housing within vicinity of the health facilities.• Improving work environment including infrastructure (e.g., security, roads, communication, schools).• Strengthen referral systems and improve staff movement.• Develop a structured staff rotation system for health workers working in hard to reach areas.• Facilitation of staff for family visits for staff living far from their nuclear family.

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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

• Provision of training opportunities for all health workers.

• Adherence to existing HR Policies and Guidelines.

• Adherence to existing service delivery and operational guidelines & Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).

• Improved human resources management (HRM) practices.

• Improve staff welfare by establishment of social amenities within vicinity of the health facilities.

• Improve working standards through modernization of health facilities.

• Strengthen supportive supervision.

Financial incentives• A commensurate hardship allowance paid

to members of staff who are stationed in the designated hardship areas.

• Timely remittance of HWs’ pension contribution, statutory deductions and other by-products.

• Facilitate access to subsidized mortgage facilities and car loans.

• Introduction of retirement package.• Implementation of the HR policies and

procedures manual 2016 on bereavement fund, and transport of the bereaved staff and family members.

Non-Financial incentives• Provide comprehensive health care

services for health workforce and immediate family.

• Provide opportunities for county sponsored trainings.

• Facilitate payment of professional membership and subscriptions.

• Provide opportunities for on-the-job development e.g., coaching, mentorship, etc.

• Staff recognition program for exemplary work and achievement.

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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Reporting of the progress in attraction and retention should be included as part of each county government’s corporate human resources plan.

Progress reports will be done on a quarterly basis during the County Health Management Team (CHMT) meetings, data review meetings, Health department joint work council meetings (Union leaders and County leadership), and shared with the Executive and CPSB.

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Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

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ovem

ent.

Proc

ureme

nt, m

ainten

ance

of am

bulan

ces a

nd ut

ility v

ehicl

es.

Conti

nuou

s, (eff

ectiv

e July

2018

)CO

H

7De

velop

a str

uctur

ed st

aff ro

tation

syste

m for

healt

h work

ers w

orking

in ha

rd to

reach

are

as.

Estab

lish a

team

to de

velop

the s

tructu

re.Eff

ectiv

e, FY

2018

/2019

COH

8Fa

cilita

tion o

f staff

for f

amily

visit

s for

staff

living

far f

rom th

eir fa

mily.

Deve

lop a

polic

y to g

uide t

he ex

ecuti

on of

the s

trateg

y. Pr

ovisi

on of

mea

ns

of tra

nspo

rt or it

s equ

ivalen

t.Eff

ectiv

e FY2

018/2

022

CECM

Hea

lth,

COH

Fi

nanc

ial in

cent

ives

1A

comm

ensu

rate h

ardsh

ip all

owan

ce pa

id to

memb

ers of

staff

who

are s

tation

ed in

the

desig

nated

hards

hip ar

eas.

CPSB

to lo

bby S

RC fo

r a ha

rdship

allow

ance

for H

Ws b

ased i

n hard

to

reach

area

s.Im

media

teCE

CM H

ealth

12

Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

St

rateg

yAc

tiviti

esTi

melin

esRe

spon

sibilit

y

2Tim

ely re

mitta

nce o

f HW

s pen

sion

contr

ibutio

n, sta

tutory

dedu

ction

s and

othe

r by

-prod

ucts.

Mov

e to H

RM pr

actic

es. C

ontin

uous

COH

3Fa

cilita

te ac

cess

to su

bsidi

zed m

ortga

ge

facilit

ies an

d car

loans

.Lo

bby t

he C

ounty

Exec

utive

to se

t asid

e mon

ey fo

r this

activ

ity.

Imme

diate

COH

No

n-Fi

nanc

ial in

cent

ives

1Pr

ovisi

on of

comp

rehen

sive h

ealth

ca

re ser

vices

for he

alth w

orkfor

ce an

d im

media

te fam

ily.

Reviv

e and

stren

gthen

the s

taff cl

inics

to en

able

staff a

ccess

quali

ty he

althc

are se

rvice

s.Co

ntinu

ous,

effec

tive J

uly, 2

018

CECM

Hea

lth, C

OH

2Pr

ovide

oppo

rtunit

ies fo

r cou

nty sp

onso

red

traini

ngs.

Deve

lop a

traini

ng da

tabase

. Trai

ning t

o be i

nform

ed by

Staff

Perfo

rman

ce

Appra

isal S

ystem

(SPA

S) an

d Trai

ning N

eed A

ssessm

ent (T

NA).

Conti

nuou

s, eff

ectiv

e July

2018

HRH

Office

r

3Fa

cilita

te pa

ymen

t of p

rofess

ional

memb

ership

and s

ubscr

iption

s.Pr

ovide

a bu

dget

for pr

ofessi

onal

subs

cripti

ons.

Conti

nuou

s, eff

ectiv

e 201

8/201

9CO

H

4Pr

ovide

oppo

rtunit

ies fo

r on-t

he-jo

b staff

de

velop

ment,

e.g.,

coac

hing,

mento

rship,

etc

.Im

prove

coac

hing,

mento

rship

and o

n-the

-job t

rainin

g for

HWs.

Conti

nuou

s effe

ctive

July,

2018

COH

5Sta

ff rec

ognit

ion pr

ogram

for e

xemp

lary

work

and a

chiev

emen

t.De

velop

crite

ria fo

r iden

tifyin

g the

high

ly pe

rform

ing st

aff. Is

suan

ce of

co

mmen

datio

n lett

ers an

d othe

r hon

ors, e

.g., s

taff of

the y

ear a

ward,

etc.

Conti

nuou

s, eff

ectiv

e July

, 201

8CE

CM H

ealth

COH

13

Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORSNAME OF PARTICIPANT INSTITUTION/ PROJECT TITLE

Dr. Anisa Omar Kilifi County Government County Executive CommitteeMember, Health Services

Bilali Mazoya Kilifi County Government County Director of Health

Richard Ayore Kilifi County Government Ag. County Director, Human Resource Management and the County Director of Administration, Health

Humphrey Mundu Kilifi County Government Chief Laboratory Technologist

Esther Mwema Kilifi County Government County Nursing Officer

Grace Baya Kilifi County Government County Clinical Officer

Vincent Iduri Kilifi County Government County Public Health Officer

Selina Katana Kilifi County Government Hospital Health Administrative Officer

Christopher Ziroh Kilifi County Government County Health Records Information Officer

Eric K. Maitha Kilifi County Government Deputy County Public Health Officer

Ronald N Mbunya Kilifi County Government County Nutrition Officer

Patrick M. Makazi Kilifi County Government County Non-Communicable Disease Coordinator

14

Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

Sarah Kombe Kilifi County Government Senior Human Resource Officer

Pamela Choni Mwatua Kilifi County Government County Commodity and Infection Prevention Control Coordinator

Victorina Shikutwa Kilifi County Government HRH Officer

Reuben Kavuo Kilifi County Government HRH Assistant

Mukami Kathambara USAID/Human Resources for Health Kenya Mechanism

Manager, HRHPolicies & Guidelines

Bonventure Musyoki USAID/Human Resources for Health Kenya Mechanism

County Cluster HRH Manager – Coast Region

15

Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

NOTES....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

16

Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

Incentive Framework for Attraction and Retention of Health Workforce

Department of Health ServicesCounty Government of Kilifi

P.O. BOX 519-80108Email: [email protected];

[email protected]