Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
Transcript of Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
1/19
Writing Research Proposal
Khalid Mahmood, PhDProfessor of Library & Information Science
University of the Punjab
1
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
2/19
Research objectives
Specify the outcome of your study, the endproduct
Keep your objectives SMART
Specific: Indicate precisely what you intend toachieve through your project
Measurable: What you accept as proof of projectsuccess
Attainable: Given the resources available
Realistic: Given the local conditions
Time bound: Can be achieved in the given time
2
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
3/19
Research objectives
Importance
Focus the study
Give direction to the research design,
method to be adopted
Prevent collection of irrelevant, redundantdata not necessary to achieve the objective
Organize the study in clearly defined parts
or phases
Provide criteria by which to evaluate theoutcome to the research
3
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
4/19
Research objectives Examples from market research
Sample verbs Sample findings
Identify Problems, opportunities, criteria
Define Concepts, requirements
Describe Processes, usage, environments
Explore Perceptions, reactions
Generate Ideas, hypotheses, alternatives, explanations
Evaluate Feasibility, attractiveness, support
Select Theme, service, product, concept, ad
Test Assumptions, preferences
Measure Size, growth, frequency
Prioritize Market segments, needs, opportunities
Monitor Trends, competition
Track Awareness, satisfaction 4
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
5/19
Research objectives
Examples
To find out methods used for watertreatment
To determine the feeding habits of theunder fives
To assess the perception of the
community regarding care and supportfor people living with HIV/AIDS
5
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
6/19
Research questions
Premised on the problem statementidentified, list possible researchquestions that could be asked inorder to achieve the researchobjectives of the study
Main question and sub-questions
6
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
7/19
Research questions
Examples
Is there a correlation between metacognitive andcognitive strategy use and writing performance?
Are the more strategies used, the higher the writtentext scores are?
Is there a correlation between metacognitivestrategies and the task completion, betweencognitive strategies and the languageachievement?
Which of the metacognitive and cognitive strategiesused lead to more successful writing performance?
7
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
8/19
Hypotheses/Theses
Hypotheses are research questionsthat could be statistically tested
Research hypothesis
Null hypothesis
Thesis statement
8
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
9/19
Hypotheses
Examples
There is a positive correlation between theavailability of hours for work and the
productivity of employees Worker satisfaction increases worker
productivity
Amount of sun exposure will increase the
growth of a tomato plant Childhood obesity is tied to the amount of
sugary drinks ingested daily
9
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
10/19
Thesis statement
Examples
The life of the typical college student is characterized bytime spent studying, attending class, and socializing withpeers
Rates of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe are among the highestin the world, and increasing most quickly among youngfemales. Levels of morbidity and mortality seriously affectall levels of society. Nearly two decades of preventionefforts appear to have made little difference in halting orreversing these trends. Many are calling for contextual
studies to better understand local realities (Kalipeni, 2000;McGrath et al., 1993; Nzioka, 1996; UNIFEM,2000). There has been insufficient culturally relevantknowledge of the experiences and beliefs of Zimbabweanwomen regarding health promotion and HIV prevention.
10
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
11/19
Rationale and significance
Rationale
Reasons or justification for conductingthe study
Significance
Addition in existing knowledge
Implications for policy and practice
Likely benefits for society at large
11
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
12/19
Delimitations
Characteristics selected by theresearcher to define the boundaries ofthe study.
The researcher makes consciousexclusionary and inclusionary decisionsregarding the sample (including such
information as geographic location), thevariables studied, the theoreticalperspectives, the instruments, thegeneralizability, etc.
12
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
13/19
Delimitations
Participants
Participation in this study is delimited toteachers who (a) teach third grade in a
private school, (b) in the state ofCalifornia, and (c) have taught morethan five years.
Teachers who meet all otherqualifications but have previously taughtin a public school environment will beexcluded from the study.
13
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
14/19
Delimitations
Variables
The study will be delimited to examination ofteachers' self-efficacy when teaching mathematics.
Instrumentation Self-efficacy will be measured on a Likert-type scale
with an instrument designed specifically for theproposed study.
Generalizability
The results of the proposed study will begeneralizable to teachers who (a) teach third grade ina private school, (b) in the state of California, and (c)have taught more than five years.
14
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
15/19
Limitations
Factors, usually beyond the researcherscontrol, that may affect the results of the studyor how the results are interpreted.
Examples Due to the small sample available for the study,
results may not be generalizable to the population.
Due to the length of the study, a significant numberof respondents available in the preliminary testing
may be unavailable or unwilling to participate in thefinal stage of testing.
15
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
16/19
Availability of resources
Equipment
Materials
Literature Human resources
Budget
Additional resources needed andmethods to acquire
16
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
17/19
Work schedule Gantt chart
17
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
18/19
Proposed contents
Outline of chapters
1. Introduction
2. Literature review
3. Design of the study
4. Data analysis and discussion
5. Summary, conclusions and
recommendations
18
-
7/27/2019 Khalid-Writing Research Proposal-ICS.ppt
19/19
Questions???
19