Khaleel Alyahya [email protected] Monday December 7, 2009.

MALE & FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Khaleel [email protected]

Monday December 7, 2009

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Khaleel Alyahya, PhD 3

Male Reproductive System

1. Primary reproductive organs: testes

2. Accessory reproductive structures (ducts or glands)

duct system: epididymis, ductus deferens and urethra.

accessory glands and semen: seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands.

external genitalia: scrotum and penis.

4Khaleel Alyahya, PhD

4 cm long , 2.5 cm wide.

Covered with fibrous connective tissue capsule, tunica albuginea.

The septa, extensions of tunica albuginea, separate the testis in lobules.

Each lobule contains 1 -4 coiled seminiferous tubules.

The seminiferous tubules make the sperms.

The seminiferous tubules are drained into a network called rete testis.

From rete testis the sperms go to the epididymis

Testes


Hormonal Control

The pituitary controls testis function by

producing follicle-stimulating hormone

(FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

FSH stimulates spermatogenesis, in

part by affecting Sertoli cells.

LH stimulates androgen production by

interstitial cells.

Pituitary production of these hormones

depends on secretion of gonadotropin-

releasing hormone (GnRH) by the

hypothalamus.


Epididymis

Comma-shaped, coiled tube, 6 m long

Place for storage and maturation of the sperms

Passage lasts 20 days

From the epididymis, the sperms go to the ductus deferens


Ducts Deferens

Thick-walled muscular tube, which carries the sperms from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct (a canal inside the prostate).

Enclosed inside a connective tissue sheath called the spermatic cord.

Runs from the scrotum, inside the inguinal canal, into the pelvis, over the superior surface and behind the urinary bladder


Urethra

Extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis. Dual function: carries urine during urination and sperm during intercourse Has three parts:

prostatic urethra (inside the prostate) membranous urethra (from the prostate to the penis) spongy (penile) urethra (inside the penis)


Seminal Vesicles

Located at the base of the bladder. Their ducts join the ductus deferns to make the ejaculatory duct. Produce 60% of the seminal fluid. Their secretion provides nourishment to the sperms and activates them.


Prostate

Single gland the size of a chestnut.

Located at the base of the bladder.

Encircles the prostatic urethra.

Its secretion activates the sperm.


Bulbourethral Gland

Tiny, pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate

Produce thick mucus

Their secretion cleanses the urethra and serves as lubricant during intercourse


Scrotum

A divided sac of skin hanging outside the abdominal cavity.

Keeps the testes at optimal temperature for the spermatogenesis.


Penis

Cylindrical organ designed to deliver the sperm inside the female reproductive tract.

Consists of shaft and glans covered with skin.

The foreskin is a fold of skin covering the glans.

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


Female Reproductive Organs

1. Primary reproductive organs: ovaries.

2. Duct system: uterine tubes, uterus and vagina.

3. External genitalia (vulva): mons pubis, labia, clitoris, urethral and vaginal orifices and greater vestibular glands.


Ovaries

Paired organs in the shape and size of almonds Contain follicles Each follicle contains one oocyte surrounded by layers of follicle cells Each mature (Graafian) follicle has an antrum (vesicular stage of maturation) During ovulation, the developing egg is ejected from the ovary After ovulation, the ruptured follicle becomes a corpus luteum Ovulation occurs every 28 days


Ovulation


Ovaries

The ovaries are secured to the lateral walls of the pelvis by the suspensory

ligaments

The ovarian ligaments attach the ovaries to the uterus.

The broad ligaments are folds of peritoneum covering the ovaries


Uterine Tube

The uterine (fallopian) tubes receive the ovulated oocyte and provide a site for fertilization

Each tube is 10 cm long and extends from the ovary to the uterus They are enclosed in the broad ligament Their distal end expands in the funnel-shaped infundibulum which has finger-like

projections (fimbriae)


Uterus

Size and shape of a pear.

Located in the pelvis between the urinary bladder and the rectum

Receives, retains and nourishes the fertilized egg, accommodates the growing fetus

Attached to the pelvis by the broad, round and uterosacral ligaments


Uterus

It has body, fundus and cervix Its wall has three layers; the inner layer (endometrium) serves as place of

implantation of the fertilized egg The myometrium is the middle layer of the wall It is made from smooth muscle and contracts during delivery The outermost layer of the uterus (perimetrium) is serous and is made from the

visceral peritoneum


Vagina

Thin-walled tube, 8-10 cm long Extends from the cervix of the uterus to the exterior Located between the bladder and the rectum Receives the penis and the semen during intercourse It is a birth canal and provides an outflow for the menses Its distal end isclosed by a thin fold of mucosa (hymen) which is ruptured during the

first intercourse


External Genitalia (Vulva)

Mons pubis is a fatty, rounded area covering the symphysis, covered with pubic hair

Labia majora are two elongated hair-covered folds

Labia minora a two delicate hair-free folds The vestibule is an area including the

external opening of the urethra and the vagina

The greater vestibular glands are two mucus-producing glands on each side of the vagina; they provide lubrication during intercourse

The clitoris is a small protruding structure, similar to the penis; it is excited during intercourse

The perineum is a diamond-shaped region between the mons pubis and the anus.


Mammary Glands

Present in both sexes, but

functional only in females.

Produce milk to nurish a newborn

baby.

The areola is a centrally located

pigmented area.

The nipple is a protruding area in

the center of the areola.

Each mammary gland has 15-25 lobes.

Each lobule has several lobules containing alveolar glands.

The alveolar glands produce milk.

They are drained by the lactiferous ducts which open to the outside at the nipple.

THAT’S ALL FOLKS!

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Khaleel Alyahya [email protected] Monday December 7, 2009.

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