KH-9 Search and MC&G Performance Study: Vol II Historical Performance Summary

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DR H A f \ ~ S ~ A R l { ; ]JNDER SECRETARY, AIR FohcEI B:1IG ' G ~ t 1 '.'!ILLIAM t . S P . I E ! . . D ~ t DIPECrOR,S A F S S ~ - 4 C 1 0 0 0 P E ~ T A G O N

THE KH-9 SEARCH

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THE KH-9 SEARCHAND MC&G PERFORMANCE STUDY

VOLUME II



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FOREWORDPresented in this volume is a review of the KH-9 performance against the standingsearch and MC&G requirements for the first twelve missions. Included are a brief descrip

tion of the KH-9 satellite system, the evolution of the search and MC&G requirements,. collection statistics, an d some specific examples of the unique contributions made by theKH-9 system while performing the search mission. The majority of the data presented wasextracted from existing reports and publications by the participating organizations.



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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

TITLE PAGE . .. ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. v GLOSSARY . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 1.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.0 KH-9 System Descript ion Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.1 The Satellite System .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 2.1.1 Operational Characteristics of the Dual Camera Panoramic System . . . . . .. , . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.1.2 Operational Characteristics of The Stellar Terrain Camera System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 3



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TABLE 2:2.KH90PERATIONAl SUMMARY



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agreement that a swath width "on the order of 200 miles" was needed, and the DefenseDepartment agencies stated that the six million square miles constituting the so-calledbuilt-up areas of the Communist countr ies should be covered every 45 days, and the remain



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million sq. nm.) semiannually and should provide similar coverage ofabout 75 percent of the undeveloped areas (2.8 million sq. nm.) annually... In addition to search of the Sino-Soviet bloc, KH-9 should provide thecapability to acquire coverage of contingency areas in o ther parts of the. world on demand."

This guidance possessed several new features. The call for complete coverage thatpreviously had been specified was dropped in favor of levels that experience indicated wererealizable . They were, in addition, levels the Community judged to be adequate to meet essential needs - subjective judgments that were, however, based on feel rather than ontechnical analysis. Then too, for the first time in official guidance, the distinction betweenbuilt-up an d undeveloped regions was delineated on a map (see Figure 3-1). Also new at theUSIB level was the Community's acceptance of imagery less than completely cloud-free asadequate for search. And new for the KH-9 was the recognition of areas outside the Communist countries that might have to be acquired.s

Coverage needs for the non-Communist countries were not expected to exceed threemillion square nautical miles annually.The requirement also described a non-search role to be performed by the system:

"Surveillance Mission. In recognition of the capability of. the KH-9 toobtain high resolution ,area coverage ... we believe it appropriate to


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KH-9 Area (overage ObjectivesMrn"-l--l Jl.,ALGERIA "'....., .....\"' + -. .'\ . ..."'+

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air, ground, sea and space operations, and for intelligence and military planning. Thegeodetic data derived from satellite imagery provides the military with tens of thousands ofaccurate point locations needed for operation of strategic and tactical weapon systems.



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O O O


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KH-5 was a frame camera system which provided MC&G coverage of more than 43million square nautical miles from 1962 through 1964, primarily for geodetic positioning.This system had a three-inch focal length terrain frame camera and a stellar camera . Sinceit did not include a doppler geodetic package, this photography gives a best accuracy of only


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3.2.2.1 Point Target RequirementHigh content monoscopic satellite materials are used to update airfield features, producelarge-scale city maps and generate port/harbor charts. The total validated requirement (as


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Measuring KH-9 performance against MC&G collection requirements is, to a large extent, more straightforward given that the system delivers the required image quality andmode (mono or stereo), and the necessary data for point positioning at the required acThe the nautical



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Cr.l FIGURE 4-1cO Status of Search Coverage Satisfaction for Primary Requirements (Jan 74 thru Dec 76)~ 50% L,evel100 ,90 - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - ~ - - - ~ - - -

-Cc; 80" '-c\- ~ - - - - ~ - ' - ~ - - - ~ - - - - ~ - - 7 S - - - -: : :

... . 70, u) ~ ~ \ L ~ ' l . . \ -- --- .- / / . / ....~ : : : - i ' " ' .'" : : ? ~ " " " \- C o .5 UJ u 60 -c c;0) 0) e.. _ " - - J [ \ ; ~ =\ j & t t ~ ':t - - ~ k- ~ ~ _ "-",, i ~ ~ -II l: : : lEE 50 o- u. "0-I '" c;0 '" CJ)"t:I . c 40 CD_ rCJ)

-- - ' \ - ~ ~ ~ ~ : : - - - - C') ...(.oJ 0) ...O)-c :".1 t . ' r - ' ~ v l 'o CIl_CD ....C') !S o 30c; 0 DESIRED., ~ ~ ~ 1\ - - - - - ~ ~ - - - ~ ' " ' : ' ' ' ' ' ' ~ - - - CD::JJCD... C"T1P0- 20 "T10) _I .'1-I' t : . - : - ~ I : ~ - -lO ~ g ~ ~ ; ~ O A " ' " " ' ' ' ".0,,'" M. " ,""" ., .0"" ~ " ' . , .0.0>,.0.0>,." M.,,,0 Mar May Jul Sep No v ,lJan , Mar May Ju l Sep Nov IJan Mar MiI Jul Sep Nov"JanCV 1974 CV 1975 CV 1976

Requirement I,S to achieve an age distribution of , flequirement Area Frequency'coverage so that 50";, of 1he respective areas have been'seen at tne slated frequepcy (million sq. nm) Note: Status is snown of the end of each month, Built-up 3.9 3 monthjJote> The topographicilily u ~ ~ s e a b f e category resulted

in a further refinement of the collection Undeveloped 3.5 6 monthreqUirements -- ' -- Remote 2.7 9 month. . . . Topographically .5 12 month

Unuseable

RELEASE 17 September 2011



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'-3(jen FIGURE 4-3'" Status of Search Coverage Satisfaction for Primary Requirements (Jan 74 thru Dec 76)"'l 90% Level"'l

I', 100 I...- 1-0 . boo .. '- L_90 ....... :-'"F:": I : : ~ I-- I""" 1'---:- -- . ::.a.: I- ....-V i---. 1 / - r-:: \ - ."\ ..' ." :..:..:.:.DESIRED"'CI : SATISFACTION.,., 80 - ... - 1\ V / " 1\ .......... V r--.f-- ,.'" ' " 'CI LEVELf....- -.... .. - - . 'G : I ~ 70 - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- , u'" "" 'CIa . .cn .- - - - - r','- , 60 - --- .-- T - - - "'CI 'C : '- -- - ,'""::." " , ; " - - - ~ . 'E 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - '- - - u.-l '" c:0 e! '" _.. - - . - ~1:' ..."- -'-=-- ......... ' - ~ - ') flo '"- - - - - - ' - - - - - .., 30 - -- - ' - - c:: 0It)... ...C > .. 20 - - - t" : wr - ' - - - -- -- - - "-' - - - - - - - - - - - -I, " " .-- .10 - - '

1207-1 ~ 1 2 0 B ~ I-- 1209 --- j ~ 1 2 1 0 ~ ~ 1 2 1 1 ~ ~ 1 2 1 2 ~ 10 Nov 73 h0 Ap r-24 Jul 74 29 Oc t 74-7 Mar 75 B Ju n -6 Oc t 75 4 Dec 75-29 Mar 76 B JUI-9 Dec 7620 Feb 74o IJan Ma r May Jul Sep Nov IJan Mar May Jul Sep Nov IJan Mar May Jul Sep No vCY 1974 CY 1915 CY 1976

Requirement is to achieve an age distribution of Requirement Area Frequencycoverage ' so that 50% 01 the respective areas have been seen at the stated frequency, (million sq. nm) Note: Status is shown 'as of the end 01 each month, - Built,up 3 ~ 9 3 monthNote: The topographically unuseable category resulted

in a further refinement of the collection - - - Undeveloped 3,5 6 monthrequirements , _.- Remote 2.7 9 month. . . . Topographically ,5 12 month

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FIGURE 4-5


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KH-9 Search and MC&G Performance Study: Vol II Historical Performance Summary

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