kflIfs l k|s fzg - Supreme Court of Nepal · ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a 'n]l6g @)^&, h ]7 – !, k "0ff {°...

$: kflIfs l k|s fzg - Supreme Court of Nepal · ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a 'n]l6g @)^&, h ]7 – !, k "0ff {° $@( 9 u'7L 30= kvf{n eTsfO{ kfp Fm ef/tL 9 '+ufgf cof {n lj= kfj {tL dxh{g Ohnf; g+=$
i

@@))^̂&&,, hh]]77 –– !!

kkffllIIffss kk||ssffzzgg

jjiiff {{ !!((,, ccÍÍ ## kk""00ffff {{ÍÍ $$@@((

kk||ssffzzss

@@))^̂&&,, hh]]77 !! –– !!%%

ii

;;jjff]] {{RRrr ccbbffnntt //ffddzzffxxkkyy,, ssff77ddff88ff }} ++

kkmmff ]]gg gg++== $$@@%%))&&$$@@,, $$@@^̂@@##((&&,, $$@@^̂@@##((**,, $$@@^̂@@**))!!,, $$@@%%**!!@@@@ EExxtt..@@^̂%%!! --;;DDkkffbbgg__,, @@^̂%%)) --55ffkkffvvffggff__,, @@!!))(( --lljjqqmmLL__ kkmm \\ooffSS;;MM $$@@^̂@@**&&**,, kkff ]] ==jj==gg++== @@))$$##**

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ddffggggLLoo GGooffooffwwLLzz >>LL kk||ssffzz jj::ttLL -- ccWWooIIff

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ssDDKKoo''66// ccllwwss[[tt >>LL zzDDee''kk||;;ffbb ccffrrffoo{{ dd''bb||00ff ccllwwss[[tt >>LL ppTT;;jj ssffGG55ff ddxxhh{{gg ggff==;;''==>>LL ss[[ii00ffjjxxffbb''// uu''??ªª ggff==;;''==>>LL ;;DDeemmggff ll;;DDvv88ff kk''88ff;;}}ggLL ll88== >>LL ;;//::jjttLL vv88\\ssff ssffooff{{nnoo ;;xxooff]]uuLL >>LL ss[[ii00ffjjxxffbb''// >>]]ii77

@)^& j}zfv !^ b]lv #! ;Dd ljleGg Ohnf;x¿af6 ;Dkfbg zfvfdf k|fKt lg0f{o ÷ cfb]zx¿

lljjzz]]iiff OOhhnnff;; %% kk""00ff {{ OOhhnnff;; !!)) ;;++oo''QQmm OOhhnnff;; @@$$ OOhhnnff;; gg++== !! !!!! OOhhnnff;; gg++== @@ ##)) OOhhnnff;; gg++== %% ^̂ OOhhnnff;; gg==== ^̂ !!$$ OOhhnnff;; gg++== && $$ OOhhnnff;; gg++== ** ((

iii

OOhhnnff;; gg++== (( (( OOhhnnff;; gg++ ++ !!)) @@^̂ PPssnn OOhhnnff;; ^̂

hhDDddff !!%%$$ ooff ]] ;;ddffrrff// aa''nn]] ll66gg xxff ]] .. llgg00ff {{oo ;;++IIff ]]kkLLss//00ff uubbff {{ OOhhnnff;;nn]] gg}} kk||ooff ]]uu uu//]]ssff zzAAbb ooxxff FF ggkk//]]ssff kkllgg xx''gg ;;SSbb55gg\\ .. ooxxff FF ppllNNnnllvvtt llgg00ff {{ooxx¿¿ssff ]] ggSSssnn llnngg ;;llssgg]]55 ..

iv

@)^& ;fn h]7 ! b]lv !% ut];Dd d'2fsf] nut km5\of}{6 ljj/0f

nut qm=;+ laifout d'2f lhDd]jf

/L ;/]sf] o; jif{ k/]sf] hDdf km5\of}{6 ;+Vof af+sL

1= b]jfgL k'g/fj]bg 3652 1002 4654 1633 3021 2= kmf}hbf/L k'g/fj]bg 2368 701 3069 970 2099 3= b]jfgL k")f{ Ohnf; 67 23 90 69 21 4=

k'g/fj]bgkq

kmf}hbf/L k")f{ Ohnf; 36 9 45 40 5 5= jGbLk|ToIfLs/)f 3 60 63 55 8 6= ;fwf/)f l/^ 2601 1158 3759 1250 2509 7= k")f{ l/^ 10 12 22 9 13 8=

l/^ lgj]bg

ljz]if l/^ 64 51 115 70 45 9= ;fws ;fws 87 79 166 85 81 10= bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpFm b]jfgL 1094 755 1849 1123 726 11=

bf]xf]/\ofO{ kfpFm

bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpFm kmf}hbf/L 364 288 652 410 242 12= k'g/fjnf]sg k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lgj]bg 327 411 738 216 522 13= cg'dlt k'g/fa]bgsf] cg'dlt lgj]bg 105 55 160 43 117 14= ljljw ljljw 72 20 92 31 61 15= lgj]bg 10 295 305 196 109 16=

lgj]bg k|ltj]bg k|ltj]bg 14 154 168 100 68

hDdf 10874 5073 15947 6300 9647

@)^& ;fn h]7 ! b]lv !% ut];Ddsf] d'2ftkm{sf] ;+VofTds ljj/0f

-s_ sfo{lbg !! -ª_ cfb]z ;+Vof #)# -v_ k]zL r9]sf d'2f ;+Vof !*%@ -r_ km5\of]{6 ;+Vof #!& -u_ sfg"g Joj;foLåf/f :ylut ePsf d'2f ;+Vof %## -5_ x]g{ gEofPsf %&# -3_ x]g{ gldNg] d'2f ;+Vof !!# -h_ lg=;'= ;+Vof !#

;d"xs[t -cleofg_ d'2fx¿sf] @)^& h]7 !% ut];Ddsf] l:ylt

km};nf ;d"x

s"n d'2f cl3Nnf]

cjlw;Dd o;

cjlw;Dd hDdf

x]bf{x]b}{ lg=;'=d]nldnfkdf

uPsf] jfFsL

kmf}hbf/L #^% !(# # !(^ !#% % !^( b]jfgL !!*# ($* @# (&! ! ^ #$ @!@

l/6÷jfl0fHo ##^ @(! ^ ((& ! #(

p4/0fM ;c a'n]l6g @)^=== === ! jf @ k"0ff{ÍÍ ==== , k[i7 ====

-;fn_ -dlxgf_

v

pbfx/0ffy{M ;c a'n]l6g, @)^&, h]7 – !, k"0ff{Í $@(, k[i7 !!

vi

ssff==llhh==bb==gg++== ##((..))$$((..))%%))

dd""NNoo

??==!!%%..––

dd''bb||ssMM ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, 5fkfvfgf, /fdzfxky, sf7df8f}+ .

gg]]kkffnn ssffgg""gg kkllqqssff ttyyff ;;jjff ]] {{RRrr ccbbffnntt aa''nn]]ll66gg ccaa xxffdd||ff ]] jj]]ee;;ffOO66ddff ppkknnJJww 55gg\\

77]]uuffggff

wwwwww..ssuupprreemmeeccoouurrtt ..ggoovv..nnpp

ooff ]] jj]]ee;;ffOO66 vvff ]]nn]]kkll55 aaffooff FFttkkmm {{ gg]]kkffnn ssffgg""gg kkllqqssff ttyyff

TToo;;ssff]] ttnn ;;jjff ]] {{RRrr ccbbffnntt aa''nn]]ll66ggddff llSSnnss uugg'' {{xxff ]];;\\ .. @@))^̂^̂ ;;ffnn jj}}zzffvvbb]]llvvssff ooLL kkllqqssffddff ;;ddfflljjii66 llgg00ff {{ooxx¿¿ kk99gg // ccssff]] {{ llgg00ff {{oo ggeePP;;DDdd llggMMzz''NNss 88ffppggnnff ]]88 uugg{{ ;;llssgg]]55 ..

gg]]kkffnn ssffgg""gg ccffooff ]]uussff]] jj]]ee;;ffOO66ddff ;;++lljjwwffgg ;;dd]]tt xxffnn;;DDdd @@%%)) hhlltt PP]]ggxx¿¿ // ttLLddWWoo]] !!)))) jj66ff hhlltt PP]]ggssff ]] cc++uu|| ]]hhLL ccgg''jjffbb

llggMMzz''NNss kk99gg // 88ffppggnnff ]]88 uugg{{ ;;llssgg]]55 ..

77]]uuffggff

wwwwww..llaawwccoommmmiissssiioonn ..ggoovv..nnpp

vii

ljifo;"rL

;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g @)^&, h]7 – !, k"0ff{° $@(

8

qm=;+

ljifo kIf ÷ ljkIf k[i7

ljz]if Ohnf; !–# 1= pTk|]if0f ;d]

t cRo"tk|;fb v/]n lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

2= pTk|]if0f ;d]t

cRo"tk|;fb v/]n lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

3= pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z

a|f]8sfli6ª Pzf]l;Pzg ckm g]kfn lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfo{no ;d]t


s[i0f dfgGw/ lj= ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;d]t

k"0f{ Ohnf; #–^

5= lnvt btf{ ab/

btf{

8f=czf]s zdz]/ h=j=/f= lj= ;fljqLb]jL ;fksf]6f ;d]t

6= st{Jo Hofg g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= lzjs'df/ ofbj ;d]t

7= lnvt ab/ ef]nf >]i7 ;d]t lj=lji0f'nfn k|wfg ;d]t

8= st{Jo Hofg ;fdfGt jh|frfo{ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

9= pTk|]if0f u0f]z kl~hof/ lj= Gofo kl/ifb ;d]t

;+o'Qm Ohnf; ^–!)

10= e|i6frf/ k|bLk clwsf/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/


/fdgfy ;xgL lj= e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no /f}tx6 ;d]t

12= st{Jo Hofg g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= sd'sL{ z]kf{

13= e|i6frf/ zf/bf e08f/L lj=g]kfn ;/sf/

14= e|i6frf/ j]b/fh uf}td lj=

g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t

15= e|i6frf/ tf/fk|;fb >]i7 lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t

16= e|i6frf/ ;'/]Gb|nfn /fhe08f/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t

17= pTk|]if0f ;d]t

tf/faxfb'/ yfkf lj= dfnkf]t sfof{no g'jfsf]6 ;d]t

18= 8fFsf g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= ;gd eGg] k'ik/fh /fO{ ;d]t

19= rf]/L g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= u0f]zaxfb'/ sfsL{ ;d]t

20= k/dfb]z ;d]t

h]i7 gful/s ;dfh s]=sf= ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

21= pTk|]if0f lji0f'k|;fb cof{n lj=g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t


ls/0f dfgGw/ ;d]t lj= dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no ;d]t

Ohnf; g+= ! !)–!@

23= hUuf lvrf]nf

>L/fdk|;fb ofbj lj= ;'/]Gb|k|;fb ofbj ;d]t

24= df]xL sfod lu/Lhf zdf{ lj= ;lGbk yfkf ;d]t

25= df]xL xs gfd;f/L

xl/nfn >]i7 ;d]t lj=lji0f'k|;fb pk|]tL ;d]t

26= st{Jo Hofg ;"o{axfb'/ ljZjsdf{ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

27= c+z rng ;d]t

;'gLn k|hfklt lj= ;"o{dfof k|hfklt ;d]t

28= cj08f hUuf a08f

;'/]Gb| ;fx ;d]t lj= nIdL ;fx t]nL

29= lg0f{o btf{ ab/

k|f0fdfof d'lgsf/ ;d]t lj= ejfgL/fh kf08] ;d]t


9

u'7L

30= kvf{n eTsfO{ kfpFm

ef/tL 9'+ufgf cof{n lj= kfj{tL dxh{g

Ohnf; g+= @ !@–!(

31= pTk|]if0f gf/fo0fk|;fb e6[/fO{ lj= sf7df8f}+F kmfOgfG; ln= ;d]t

32= pTk|]if0f ;d]t

hugf/fo0f dxtf] lj= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/ ;d]t


uf]kfnk|;fb k/fh'nL lj=gfkL ljefu ;d]t

34= df]xL s6[f udg yf? lj= sdnf b'u8

35= cbfntsf] ckx]ngf

;fs]nfbL e"ldb]j k"hf:yn k'g:yf{kgf ;+3if{ ;ldlt ;d]t lj= w/fg gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no ;d]t

36= lgif]wf1f x:tnfn lnDa" ;d]t lj= g/axfb'/ >]i7 ;d]t

37= a08f rng k"hL{ ab/

dx]z zdf{ eGg] dx]Zj/ zdf{ lj= kfgf]b]jL 7fs'/ nf]xf/ ;d]t

38= z]ifkl5sf] lnvt ab/

rGb|z]v/ Gof}kfg] ;d]t lj= wgs'df/L Gof}kfg]

39= pTk|]if0f lhGbn :6Ln P08 kfj/ ln= lj= dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

40= lgif]wf1f hfuL/dfof /fO{ ;d]t lj= lhNnf k|x/L sf= ;'g;/L ;d]t

41= lgif]wf1f /fhs'df/ ;fx lj= lj0ffb]jL ;d]t

42= lgif]wf1f s[i0fxl/ >]i7 ;d]t lj= lji0f'k|;fb clwsf/L ;d]t

43= pTk|]if0f k|fylds ljBfno vhgk'/ lkk|fsf ljBfno ;d]t lj= k|fylds lj= vhgk'/sf ;d]t


chj'l4g jfujfg lj= dWoklZrd If]= k|x/L s]Gb| ;d]t

45= df]6/ jLdf bfjL

PnfoG; OG;'/]G; sDkgL ln= lj= p4jk|;fb lzjfsf]6L

46= pTk|]if0f /fd]Zj/ bf; ld> lj= dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}+F ;d]t


w'|j/fh e6[/fO{ ;d]t lj= e"ld;'wf/ dGqfno ;d]t


u|f08 xf]6n k|f=ln= lj= xf]daxfb'/ v8\sf ;d]t

49= pTk|]if0f ;d]t

u0f]zaxfb'/ lj=s= lj= lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no jlb{of ;d]t

50= 3/ ef8f nfnaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ lj= lgns'df/L pkfWofo e6[/fO{


nIdL jh|frfo{ lj= e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no nlntk'/ ;d]t

Ohnf; g+= % !(–@)


clt pNnfx ldof cG;f/L lj=jf/f lhNnf cbfnt ;d]t

53= ha/h:tL s/0fL

g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= ;'/]z kl/of/

54= ha/h:tL s/0fL

/fh]Gb| dxtf] sf]O/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/


bLks /fO{ lj= If]qLo k|x/L OsfO{ sfof{no jfudtL c~rn ;d]t

56= c+z btf{ lzjgfy ;fx sfg" lj= ljZjgfy ;fx sfg"

57= k/dfb]z /hfs ldofF lj=;'g;/L lhNnf cbfnt ;d]t

Ohnf; g+= ^ @)–@#58= st{Jo Hofg g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= dfgaxfb'/

8fFuL


10

59= st{Jo Hofg g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= v'zL/fd yf?

60= st{Jo Hofg g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= >j0fs'df/ rf}w/L

61= st{Jo Hofg g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= b]jL lu/L

62= st{Jo Hofg g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= df]t] ;'gf/

63= c+z bkf]6 df]xDdb hldn vfF lj= lbJo/Tg jh|frfo{

64= ck'tfnL xs sfod

v8\uaxfb'/ ;f? du/ lj= hLjnfn ;f? du/ ;d]t

65= st{Jo Hofg g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= v]daxfb'/ k'g ;d]t


ls;'g rf}w/L lj= dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

67= nfu" cf}ifw g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= /fh dxh{g

68= st{Jo Hofg ch'{gs'df/ e6[/fO{ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

69= nfu" cf}ifw Zofd j0f{jfn lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

70= pTk|]if0f ;d]t

xf]6n Pe/]i6 OG6/g]zgn ln= lj= >d cbfnt ;d]t

Ohnf; g+= & @#–@$71= lg0f{o

btf{ ab/ ;d]t

hLtaxfb'/ >]i7 lj= r}geQm hf]zL

72= Ifltk"lt{ j}s'07 bfxfn lj= hogf/fo0f g]kfn ;d]t

73= c+z btf{ hd'gLb]jL gfos ;d]t lj= /fdrGb| gfos

Ohnf; g+= * @$–@^74= pTk|]if0f ;d]

t /fh' zfxL lj= lbjfs/ zfxL ;d]t


;d|f6 t'Djfxfª\km] lj= dsjfgk'/ lhNnf

cbfnt ;d]t

76= hfn;fhL b]jsnf v/]n lj= s'ds'df/L v/]n ;d]t

77= as;kq lnvt

jfns'df/L clx/ ;d]t lj= ;l/tfs'df/L clx/gL ;d]t

Ohnf; g+= ( @^–@&78= btf{ ab/

lvrf]nf gSsnL dxh{g lj=kbd s]z/L >]i7 ;d]t

79= xs sfod ;d]t

1fgdlt clx/gL lj= d}gfb]jL ofbj ;d]t

80= ck'tfnL d}gfb]jL ofbj ;d]t lj= ;j{tL ofbj

Ohnf; g+= !) @&–##

81= lvrf]nf xs sfod

sljk|;fb ltldN;Lgf lj= /fds[i0f nfld5fg] ;d]t

82= xftxltof/ v/vhfgf

jL/axfb'/ rGb lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

83= df]xL k|df0fkq

uf]kfneQm dfy]df lj= /fdk'hg ofbj

84= s't df]xL df]xg d'lvof ljg lj= cd/s'df/ snjf/

85= df]xL nut s6[f

s}nf;k|;fb zfx lj= k|bLk ;'8L

86= kbflwsf/ ;dfKt

/fdcflzif dxtf] lj= lhNnf lzIff sfof{no wgs'6f ;d]t


zflGt k|wfg lj=e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no sf7df8f}F ;d]t

88= pTk|]if0f ;d]t

dx]Gb|k|;fb k/fh'nL lj= dlGqkl/ifb ;lrjfno ;d]t

89= pTk|]if0f dxfzlQm ;f]k P08 s]ldsn O086«Lh -k|f=_ ln= lj= d"No clej[l4 s/ sfof{no ;d]t


s[i0faxfb'/ yfkf lj= dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no ;d]t


11

91= pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z,

pQd xdfn ;d]t lj= dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ;lrjfno ;d]t

92= hfn;fhL pQd uf}rg ;d]t lj= xL/f uf}rg

93= btf{ ab/ kfj{tLb]jL >]i7 lj= lrGtfdl0f k/fh'nL ;d]t

94= bfOhf] lkmtf{ ul/kf

pFm

;/f]hf bfxfn lj= dl0f/fd 9sfn


5qdfg >]i7 lj= g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f s]=sf= ;d]t

' 96= c+z c;u/ vfF ;d]t lj=lhn]bf/

vfF sf] d'=;=ug]{ z]/ dxdb vfF 97= pTk|]if0f

k/dfb]z b'vgLjtL b]jL lj= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt /fhlj/fh ;d]t

98= e|i6frf/ wgk|;fb >]i7 lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t

99= k/dfb]z lgif]wf1f

cfzfb]jL rf}w/L lj=e"b]a rf}w/L ;d]t

100= lg0f{o ab/ btf{ ul/kfpFm

k"0f{s'df/L j/fn If]qL lj= dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno ;d]t

101= n]gb]g ;fx]j hfg ldof lj=x[bogf/fo0f k|;fb ;fx ;f]gf/

102= n]gb]g /fh]zs'df/ b]j] lj=df]xgk|;fb yf?

Psn Ohnf; ##–#$

103= pTk]|if0f k/dfb]z

jf;'b]j jfUn] lj=u'7L ;+:yfg s]=sf= ;d]t

104= pTk]|if0f ;d]t

dfgaxfb'/ v8\uL lj= dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

105= pTk]|if0f k/dfb]z

a'w/fd vl6s lj= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt g]kfnu~h ;d]t

106= pTk|]if0f k|ltif]w ;d]

t

/fdgf/fo0f l;Fx lj= /fdaxfb'/ rf}w/L ;d]t

107= aGbL k|ToIfLs/0f

l/ofh vfF lj= a]rgk|;fb u'Ktf ;d]t

108= pTk]|if0f ;'/]zaxfb'/ zfxL lj= g]kfn gful/s p8\oog k|flws/0f ;d]t


12

ljz]if Ohnf;

!

df=Gof=>L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx, df=Gof= >L uf}/L 9sfn / df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{, l/=k'=O= g+= )^$–WS–))!&, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, cRo"tk|;fb v/]n lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t klxnf] k6s s'g} s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ s;"/sf] ufDeLo{tf / dfqfcg'¿k ;fdfGotf s]xL sd ;hfo lgwf{/0f ul/g' o;} kl/lwcGtu{t kb{5 . t/ ha Pp6} JolQmn] p:t} k|s[ltsf] s;"/ k6s k6s bf]xf]¥ofO{ /xG5 ta pm ;dfhsf] nflu clezfk jGg k'Ub5 . o:tf] l:yltdf cfkm"n] u/]sf] unt sfo{k|lt kZrftfksf] cg'e"tLs/0f -Realisation_ ub}{ ;'wf/ pGd"v x'g ;Sg] tTjx¿ p;df ljsl;t x'g g;Sg] lgisif{ lgsfNg' kg]{ / k6scg';f/ ;hfosf] dfqf klg a9b} hfg] . x/]s ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf v/fa cfr/0f ug]{ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ To:tf] cfr/0fsf] k|s[ltcg'¿k sd jf a9L ljefuLo ;hfo ul/G5 . ;f] ;fdfGo ;'ema'em / ;demsf] bfo/fleq kg]{ x'Fbf k|To]sn] dgg\ ug'{kg]{ . >d P]gcGtu{tsf] ljefuLo sf/jfxL;DaGwL ljifo k|zf;sLo k|s[ltsf] e} ;]jf;DaGwL cfr/0f pNn+3g u/]sf] cj:yfdf cfslif{t x'g] Joj:yf b]lvG5 . of] s'g} kmf}hbf/L sfg"gcGtu{t lgif]lwt s;"/ u/]afkt sf/jfxL jf ;hfo x'g] k|fjwfg xf] eGg] b]lvFb}g . o:tf] ljifodf kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|zf;gsf] qmddf cfslif{t x'g] bf]xf]/f] vt/fsf] l;4fGtsf] k|;Fu s'g} klg b[li6sf]0faf6 ;fGble{s x'g g;Sg] . s'g} sfg"gsf] c;+j}wflgstfsf] bfjL lnO{ o; cbfnt;dIf k|j]z ug]{ kIfn] cfkm\g} bfjL :ki6 ?kdf k|dfl0ft ug{;Sg' kb{5 . To:tf] bfjL ;fdfGo ;dem / ljj]seGbf aflx/ JolQmut

lh1f;f zfGt kfg]{, af}l4s cEof; ug]{ cfzoaf6 clek|]l/t e} cfTd;Gt'li6 tyf ;:tf] k|rf/af6 cbfntnfO{ cgfjZos ljjfbdf tfGg] vfnsf] x'g'x'Fb}g . ;:tf] nf]slk|otfsf] nflu h:tf] klg ljifo p7fO{ ;+ljwfgsf] w/f !)&-!_ lqmofzLn u/fO{ lgj]bsn] JolQmut :jfy{ l;4 ug]{ s'g} clek|fo /fv]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] cfTd;Gt'li6sf] nflu cbfntn] ;xof]uLsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0f ;'j]bL sDKo'6/M ;Ltf u'?ª Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn sflQs % ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

@ df=Gof=>L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx, df=Gof= >L uf}/L 9sfn / df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{, l/6 g+= )^$–WS–))#$, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, cRo"tk|;fb v/]n lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t s'g} klg ;]jfdf /x]/ ug'{kg]{ sfo{;Fu ;DaGw g} g/fVg] ljifonfO{ ;]jfsf] zt{ agfOg' Goflos / Jofjxfl/s s'g} klg b[li6sf]0faf6 plrt / ljj]s;Ddt dfGg ldNb}g . t;y{ x/]s ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf zt{x¿ k/:k/ leGgtf /fVg] x'g ;S5g\ . sfdsf] k|s[ltcg'¿k cnu cnu ;]jfsf zt{x¿ dfu ug'{ klg :jfefljs} dfGg' kb{5 . t/ x/]s ;]jfsf] nflu lgwf{/0f ul/Psf ;]jfsf zt{x¿ To:tf ;]jf ;d"xleq /xL ;Dkfbg ul/g] sfd;Fu j:t'lgi7 ?kdf ;DalGwt b]lvg kg]{ . ;}lgs ;]jfleq ;j} sfdx¿ Ps} k|s[ltsf gx'g ;Sb5g\ . o'4sf] cu|Ld df]rf{df /xL ;}lgs sf/jfxLdf ;fd]n x'g] / cGo Joj:yfksLo sfo{df ;3fpg] sfo{nfO{ Pp6} dfkb08 leq ;dfj]z ug'{ plrt x'g ;Sb}g To;df klg Pp6} sfo{;Dkfbg ug{sf] nflu dlxnf / k'?ifsf] nflu km/s km/s of]Uotf / cof]Uotfsf] zt{x¿ lgwf{/0f ul/G5 eg} To;sf] cfwf/ ;d]t :ki6 / jf]wuDo x'g' ck]lIft g} x'g] .


13

ljjfxkZrft\ dlxnfsf] z/L/df cfpg ;Sg] hLj j}1flgs kl/jt{gaf6 To:tf] ;fdfGo k|s[ltsf] Kof/f;'6 kmf]lN8ªsf] Joj:yfksLo sfo{ ug{ g;Sg] jf ;f] u/]sf] v08df :jo+ dlxnfsf] hLp Hofgdf vt/f pTkGg x'g ;Sg] eGg] lhsL/ k|dfl0ft x'g] j:t'lgi7 cfwf/ gb]lvFbf s]jn lhsL/ lnOPs} e/df ;f] s'/f;Fu ;xdt x'g gldNg] .

dlxnf ju{nufotsf lk5l8Psf ju{sf] ljsf; jf ;zQmLs/0f ug]{ gfddf ;fdfGo /f]huf/L k|fKt ug]{ ljifodf g} pgLx¿dfly cgfjZos / cg'lrt zt{ jf jGb]h nufOG5 eg] To:tf] sfo{nfO{ pQm ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfcg'¿k dfGg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0f ;'j]bL sDKo'6/M ;Ltf u'?ª Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn sflQs % ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

# df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL, df=Gof= >L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, l/6 g+=lj=O=g+= @)^%–WS–))@), pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, a|f]8sfli6ª Pzf]l;Pzg ckm g]kfn / /]Djf] Pkm=Pd= -k|f=_ ln= lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfo{no ;d]t ;fljs lgodfjnLåf/f ;j} k|;f/0f ;+:yfx¿sf nflu tf]lsPsf] jflif{s z'Ns / gjLs/0f b:t"/df xfn ;+zf]lwt lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfn] d'gfkmf cfh{g ug]{ p2]Zon] sfo{qmd k|;f/0f ug]{ elgPsf k|;f/0f ;+:yf jf JolQm j[l4 u/L Jooef/ yk]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfpFb}g . k|;f/0f ;+:yf jf JolQmpk/ sfo{qmd k|;f/0f u/]afkt nfUg] jflif{s z'Ns jf To:tf] ;+:yf gjLs/0f u/]afkt nfUg] gjLs/0f b:t"/sf] ef/ ;+zf]wgkl5 j[l4 ePsf] cj:yf gb]lvFbf lgj]bs ;+:yfdfly kg{ hfg] jflif{s z'Ns jf gjLs/0f b:t"/sf] Jooef/sf b[li6sf]0f– af6 ;+zf]lwt Joj:yfnfO{ c;+j}wflgs egL r'gf}tL lbg'sf] cf}lrTo l;4 x'g g;Sg] .

d'gfkmf cfh{g ug]{ k|;f/0f ;+:yfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo g} gfkmf cfh{g ug]{ x'Fbf cfkm}n] k|;f/0f / ljt/0f u/]sf] gfkmfd"ns sfo{qmdaf6 cfh{g ePsf] s"n jflif{s cfDbfgLsf] s]xL lglZrt lx:;f z'Ns jf b:t"/sf ?kdf /fHonfO{ ltg'{kg]{ s'/f ck]lIft g} x'G5 . To;}u/L h'g k|;f/0f ;+:yf gfkmfsf] p2]Zo g/fvL ;fdflhs ;]jfefj / ;xsfl/tfdf cfwfl/t eO{ v8f ePsf x'G5g\, :yfgLo :t/df ;fgf] Ifdtfdf ;~rflnt ePsf x'G5g\ ltgn] k|;f/0f ug]{ sfo{qmdx¿af6 ;dflhs lxt k|j4{gdf of]ubfg k'Ug] ck]Iff lng' c:jefljs gx'g] . k|;f/0f ;+:yfx¿n] ;dfh jf /fi6«nfO{ k'¥ofpg] of]ubfg jf ;+:yf :jo+nfO{ k'¥ofpg] of]ubfgsf] ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df To:tf ;+:yfaf6 jflif{s z'Ns jf gjLs/0f b:t"/ km/s km/s c;"n ug]{ lgodsf] Joj:yf / To;sf] p2]ZoaLr /x]sf] ;DaGw :ki6 / jf]wuDo g} b]lvg] . k|Tofof]hgaf6 lgod agfpg] eGg'sf] cy{ cfkm"nfO{ ;DalGwt dft[P]gn] k|bfg u/]sf] clVtof/Lsf] ;Ldf aflx/ guO{ lbOPsf] clwsf/leq a:g' eGg] g} xf] . P]gåf/f :ki6?kdf lgoGq0f u/]sf] jf /f]s nufOPsf] s'g} ljifodf ljjflbt lgodfjnLn] yk Joj:yf u/L cltl/Qm bfloTj af]sfPsf] jf ;+ljwfgk|bQ ;dfgtfsf] xs s'l07t ePsf] eGg] lgj]bg bfjL :yflkt x'g g;Sg] . /fli6«o k|;f/0f P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !) n] g} k|;f/0f ;+:yfn] s'g} sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]afkt tf]lsPadf]lhd z'Ns jf b:t"/ nufpg ;lsg] Joj:yf u/]sf], t/ To:tf] z'Ns jf b:t"/ tf]Sg] s'/fdf ;/sf/pk/ s'g} aGb]h jf lgoGq0f g/fv]sf] cj:yfdf sfo{qmdsf] k|;f/0f / ljt/0f u/]afkt s] slt z'Ns jf b:t"/ tf]Sg] jf s] s:tf k|;f/0f ;+:yfnfO{ j9L z'Ns lng] / s] s'g k|s[ltsf ;+:yfnfO{ To:tf] b:t"/ z'Ns 5"6


14

lbg] jf z'Ns b:t"/ g} glng] eGg] ljifox¿ lgod agfpg] clVtof/ ;/sf/df /x]sf] dfGg'kg]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0f ;'j]bL sDKo'6/M ljkgfb]jL dNn Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; ( ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

$ df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L=, df=Gof= >L lu/LzrGb| nfn / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, l/6 g+= @)^%–WO–))@%, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, s[i0f dfgGw/ lj= ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;d]t shf{ lnPsf] / shf{sf] ;'/If0fdf cfkm\gf] ;d]t hUuf ;'/If0f /fv]kl5 C0fL Pj+ Uof/]06/ b'j}sf] x}l;otaf6 pGd'lQm kfpg g;Sg] . cfkm"nfO{ k|lts"n b]lvPsf] jfSof+z jf zJbsf] cfkm"v'zL kl/efiff u/L Joj:yf ;+ljwfg;Fu jf g]kfn kIf /fi6« ePsf ;lGw;Fu aflemPsf] egL bfjL lng' dfq kof{Kt x'Fb}g, sfg"gL Joj:yf s] s;/L ;+ljwfg jf ;lGw k|lts"n ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] cfwf/ b]vfO{ k'li6 ug'{kg]{ . s/f/ Public Law Domain leq kb}{g . s/f/ Private Law Domain leq kg]{ ljifo xf] . s/f/ b'O{ kIfn] j/fj/Lsf] x}l;otn] ;DkGg x'G5 . /fHon] gful/s;Fu s/f/ ubf{ klg ;fdfGotof Sovereign Authority sf] x}l;otn] Executive Power cGtu{t geO{ Statutory Power cGtu[t Equal Footing sf] cfwf/df s/f/ ub{5 . s/f/ pNn+3gsf] Remedy s}b x'b}g . s/f/ pNn+3gsf] Remedy s/f/sf kIfx¿n] d~h"/ u/]cg'¿k Restitution-inintegrum jf Compensation xf] . s/f/ sfg"gdf s/f/ k"/f gubf{ s}b ;hfo g/flvg] . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-!_ cg'¿k ljz]if Ohnf;n] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] sfg"g dfq cdfGo ug{ ;Sb5 . t/ ;lGw;Fu aflemPsf] sfg"g cdfGo ug{ ;Qm}g . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf C0f c;"nL;DaGwL P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @%-@_-u_ sf] Joj:yf s/f/

pNn+3g u/]afkt s/f/ P]gcGtu{t ;hfo x'g} Joj:yf geO{ ;Ifd cbfntsf] km};nfcg';f/ e/fpg jf ltg'{kg]{ /sd glt/]afkt ;hfo x'g] sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf] x'Fbf pQm P]gsf] bkmf @%-@_-u_ ICCPR sf] wf/f !! ;Fu klg aflemPsf] eGg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM k'gf/fd vgfn sDKo'6/M ;Ltf u'?ª Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; !^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

o;} nufpsf] l/6 g+= @)^%–WO–)%^!, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, s[i0f dfgGw/ lj= C0f c;"nL k'g/fj]bg Gofoflws/0f ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

k"0f{ Ohnf;

!

;+=k|=Gof=>L cg"k/fh zdf{, df=Gof= >L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf / df=Gof= >L lu/LzrGb| nfn, b]=k'=O=g+= )^$–DF–))!!, lnvt btf{ ab/ btf{, 8f= czf]s zdz]/ h=j=/f= lj= ;fljqLb]jL ;fksf]6f ;d]t vf/]h ug'{kg]{ lkm/fbnfO{ x]/L cf}lrToleq k|j]z u/L bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] lgisif{df k'Ubf To;af6 ;dfg kl/0ffd k|fKt ePsf] 6'+uf]df k'Ug] xf] / To; k|lqmofnfO{ :jfefljs ?kdf lng] xf] eg] s'g} cj:yfdf kl/0ffd km/s x'g] u/L lgisif{df k'Ug ;Sg] ;+efjgfnfO{ hGd lbg ;S5 . Goflos k|lqmofdf To:tf] ;+efjgfnfO{ :yfg lbOg' x'Fb}g, vf/]h x'g'kg]{ d'2f vf/]h g} ug'{kg]{ . c=j+= #) g+= sf] k|;+udf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !$ n] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntsf] clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf u/]sf] Joj:yf ;d]tsf ;Gbe{df ul/Psf] ljj]rgfaf6 tNnf] cbfnt, lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] ug{ kfpg] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]z ug]{ ;d]tsf] clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] eGg]


15

lgisif{df of] Ohnf; k'u]sf] x'Fbf ;f]xL cfwf/df xbDofb, xsb}ofnufotsf k|Zgdf o; cbfntaf6} Gofo lg?k0f ug{;Sg] ePaf6 k'gM lg0f{ofy{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k7fO{ d'2fnfO{ nDAofO/xg' Gofof]lrt / cf}lrTok"0f{ dfGg g;lsg] . lkm/fb g} xbDofbljxLg e} vf/]h x'g] cj:yfdf c=j+= #) sf] ;Gbe{ jf cGo s'/fx¿ ljrf/0fLo g} x'Fb}gg\, tL ljifox¿ d'2fsf] cf}lrToleq k|j]z u/L Gofo lg?k0f ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ljrf/ ul/g] x'Fbf k|:t't d'2fsf] tL k|Zgx¿sf] ;fGble{stf ;d]t gb]lvg] . Ohnf; clws[tM pd]z sf]O/fnf sDKo'6/M ;Ltf u'?ª Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 !$ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ . o;} k|s[ltsf lgDg d'2fx¿df] o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf 5g\M

kmf}=k'=O=g+= @)^$–CF–)))&, hfn;fh, 8f=czf]s zDz]/ h=j=/f= lj= /]vf l3ld/] ;d]t

b]=k'=O=g+= @)^$–DF–))!@, lnvt btf{ ab/ btf{, 8f=czf]s zDz]/ h=j=/f= lj= /]vf l3ld/] ;d]t

b]=k'=O=g+= @)^$–DF–))!$, lnvt btf{ ab/ btf{, 8f=czf]s zDz]/ h=j=/f= lj= ;'zLnk|;fb 9'+u]n ;d]t

@ df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL, df=Gof= >L lu/LzrGb| nfn / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, kmf}=k'=O=g+= )^%–CF–)))^, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= lzjs'df/ ofbj ;d]t ;dfg cj:yfsf JolQmx¿dWo] s'g} Pssf] ph"/L jf k'g/fj]bg kg'{kg]{ k"j{ zt{ sfg"gn] lglZrt u/]sf] / ;f]xL ph"/L jf k'g/fj]bgsf] /f]xdf dfq lghx¿sf] xsdf Gofo lg?k0f ul/g] sfg"gsf] :ki6 cfzo /x]sf] cj:yfdf jfbL kIfsf] k'g/fj]bgaf6 k|ltjfbLx¿sf] xsdf Gofo lg?k0f ug{ gldNg] .

sfg"gdf pNn]v} gePsf] ljifonfO{ cGoyf cy{ nufO{ ;+jf]wg ug{ jf Ps kIfsf] dfuaf6 ;f] dfusf] 7Ls pN6f] x'g] u/L csf]{ kIfnfO{ pkrf/ lbg ljBdfg Gofok|0ffnLn] cg'dlt glbg] . tx tx Gofo lg?k0f x'Fb} cfPsf] s'g} Ps d'2fdf cbfntsf] ;fwf/0f clwsf/If]qcGtu{taf6 Gofo lg?k0f ul/Fbf ljBdfg sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ k|of]hgxLg agfpg], To;sf] bfo/f cToGt km/flsnf] kfg]{ jf To;df ;+s'rg Nofpg] u/L JofVof ug{ g;lsg] . l/6 clwsf/If]qaf6} x]/] h:tf] u/L k"0f{ Gofo eGb} k'g/fj]bsLo clwsf/If]qcGtu{sf] Goflos kl/kf6L / Gofosf] lglZrt dfGotfnfO{ vNaNofpg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM pd]z sf]O/fnf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t @^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

# df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/, df=Gof= >L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad, )^#–DF–)))%, lnvt ab/, ef]nf >]i7 ;d]t lj=lji0f'nfn k|wfg ;d]t c8\8f cbfntaf6 gSsn dfu ubf{ To;df plNnlvt s'/fx¿ cGoyf pNn]v x'g' ;DalGwt kIfsf] bf]if dfGg g;lsg] .

c+zj08fsf] dxndf ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg x'g'k"j{ lghL cfh{gsf] sfg"gL cjwf/0ffn] k|j]z gkfPsf] cj:yfdf ;uf]ndf /x]sf] / dfgf] g5'l§Psf h'g;'s} c+lzof/n] h] h'g k|lqmofaf6 ;DklQ cfh{g u/] klg To:tf] ;DklQ lghL xsef]ucGtu{tsf] eGg] cj:yf /xg ;Sg] b]lvg gcfPsf]n] k|ltjfbLsf] lghL cfh{gsf] lhsL/ :jLsf/of]Uo b]lvg gcfpg] .

cbfntaf6} lnvtsf] gSsn ;f/L lkm/fb bfo/ u/]sf]df xbDofbleq} b]lvPsf] eGg] tTsfnLg dWodf~rn If]qLo cbfntsf] km};nf :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf] cj:yf x'Fbf k'gM


16

xbDofbsf] k|Zg p7fpg / k|:t't d'2fsf] lkm/fb xbDofbljxLg /x]sf] eGg gldNg] .

ljjflbt lnvtsf] 3/ hUuf /fhLgfdf kfl/t ul/lbg jfbLsf] d~h"/Lsf] lnvt ePsf] gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf lghn] cfˆgf] xs hlt lkmtf{ lng ph"/ ug{ kfpg] / ljjflbt lnvt ab/ u/fO{ cfˆgf] xs hlt lkmtf{ lng kfpg] . Ohnf; clws[tM bLkss'df/ bfxfn Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; !^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ . o;} nufpsf lgDg d'2fx¿df o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf 5g\M

)^#–DF–)))$, 3/af6 p7fO{ rng rnfO{ kfpFm, ef]nf >]i7 ;d]t lj= rLhs'df/ >]i7 ;d]t

)^#–DF–)))^, xs ;kmf, ef]nf >]i7 ;d]t lj= rLhs'df/ >]i7 ;d]t

$ df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad, df=Gof= >L lu/LzrGb| nfn / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, )^$–CF–)#!, st{Jo Hofg, ;fdfGt jh|frfo{ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

a'lemPsf JolQmx¿n] nfdf] ;dofGt/df cbfntdf cfO{ askq ubf{ k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]u bfjLaf6 arfp ug]{ p2]Zon] jofg lbFb}df cGo kl/l:ylthGo k|df0faf6 k'li6 e}/x]sf] tYosf] ;DaGwdf cGoyf x'g] cj:yf gb]lvg] .

k|ltjfbLn] cfkm"[n] k|xf/ u/]sf] 5'/fsf] rf]6k6saf6 ;Vt 3fOt] ePsL d[tsnfO{ pkrf/ u/fpg]tkm{ gnfuL cfkm" pQm 36gf jf/bft ;dob]lv km/f/ e} s/Lj tLg jif{kl5 k|x/Låf/f kqmfp k/]sf] eGg] b]lvPsf] tyf cfkm"n] u/]sf] ck/fwk|lt kZrftfk u/L cj cfOGbf To:tf] s;"/hGo sfo{ cfkm"af6 gx'g] lsl;dsf] jofg ;d]t glbO{ 36gfnfO{ 9fs5f]k ug{ vf]h]sf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf k|ltjfbLn] cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] eGg g;lsg] . Ohnf; clws[tM k'gf/fd vgfn sDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{ Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g @) ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

% df=Gof=>L lu/LzrGb| nfn, df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof= >L e/t/fh pk|]tL, l/=k'=O=g+= @)^^–WF–))!!, pTk|]if0f, u0f]z kl~hof/ lj= Gofo kl/ifb ;d]t cj:yfcg';f/ ;r]t u/fpg ;Sg] eGg] lg0f{ostf{n] :jljj]sdf k|of]u ug{ ldNg] k|s[ltsf] clwsf/ lbg] sfg"gL k|jGwnfO{ klxnf] k6s ;r]t u/fpg} kg]{ eGg] clgjfo{ jf k"j{zt{sf ?kdf dfGg / JofVof ug{ pko'Qm gb]lvg] . lgj]bspk/ h] h:tf cf/f]kx? nufOPsf] 5 / tL cf/f]kx?nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ ljleGg sfuhftx? ;+sng u/L To;sf] ljj]rgf / ljZn]if0f ;d]t ul/Psf] 5, To; cfwf/df lgj]bspk/sf] cf/f]k lg/fwf/ /x]sf] eGg] gb]lvg] . lgj]bsnfO{ Gofo kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{osf cfwf/df ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgadf]lhd kbd'Qm ug]{ tTsfnLg >L % af6 :jLs[t ePkl5 lgj]bspk/sf] sf/jfxLn] k"0f{tf kfPsf] / ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] kqn] s]jn pQm lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L k|jfxsf] sfo{dfq u/]sf] x'Fbf ;f]xL kqnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ lg0f{o ug'{eGbf klxn]sf] ldltaf6 kbd'Qm ul/Psf] eGg] cy{ ug'{ Jofjxfl/s / cf}lrTok"0f{ gx'g] . lgj]bsn] d'2fsf] sf/jfxL jf lg0f{o ubf{ k|of]u x'g} g;Sg] sfg"gsf] k|of]u u/L jf sfg"gsf] :ki6 / c;+lbUw JofVof jf cy{nfO{ 5f]8]/ ank"j{s csf]{ JofVof jf cy{ u/L d'2fsf] sf/jfxL jf lg0f{odf cg'lrt c;/ k'¥ofPsf] eGg] cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf b]lvFbf lgj]bssf xsdf Gofo kl/ifb\ P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf $s sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -3_ cfslif{t x'g] . l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] . df=Gof=>L lu/LzrGb| nfnsf] /foM

;jf]{Rr cbfntåf/f Goflos k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lgldQ ;+ljwfg k|bQ c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]qsf] k|of]u x'g g;Sg] eGg'sf]


17

tfTko{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf cGt/\lgxLt /x]sf] / ;f] cbfntnfO{ ;+ljwfgn] hgtfdf Goflos k|Tofe"lt lbg kTofPsf] st{Joaf6 kl5 x6\g' l;jfo c? x'g g;Sg] . lgj]bsdfly sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefjdf dfq sf/jfxL rnfOPsf] eP klg ;f] sf/jfxL rnfpg' cl3 lghnfO{ s'g} k|sf/n] ;r]t gu/fOPsf]af6 ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] k|ToIf pNn+3g ePsfn] lgj]bsdflysf] sf/jfxLdf ljkIf Gofo kl/ifb\af6 Goflos dg -Judicial mind_ s] k|of]u ge} sfg"gn] lgwf{l/t u/]eGbf a9L clwsf/ -Excess of power_ sf] k|of]u ePsf] / ;f] sf/jfxLdf sfg"gsf] k|ToIf q'l6 -Apparent error of law_ ;d]t /x]sf] s'/f lg;Gb]x ?kdf eGg' kg]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM pd]z sf]O/fnf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t @^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

;+o'Qm Ohnf; !

df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L, @)^! ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= #^(*, e|i6frf/, k|bLk clwsf/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ s'g} cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmn] ;f] cleof]uaf6 pGd'lQm kfpg jf ;hfodf sdL jf 5'6 kfpg] lhsL/ lnPdf ;f] s'/fsf] k|df0f k'¥ofpg] ef/ klg lgh pk/ g} x'g] . k|ltjfbLsf] vNtLaf6 3";sf] /sd j/fdb ePsf] cj:yfdf cfkm"n] 3'; l/;jt lnPsf] xf]Og egL lhsL/;Dd lnPsf] . t/ To;nfO{ s'g} j:t'lgi7 k|df0f k]z u/L k|dfl0ft ug{ g;s]sf]n] j/fdb ePsf gf]6x¿ k|ltjfbLsf] hfgsf/L / ;xdlt j]u/ lghsf] c1fgtfdf g} lghsf] vNtLdf /flvPsf] jf ha/h:tL /flvPsf] egL cg'dfg ug{ gldNg] . k|ltjfbLn] sfg"gadf]lhd ug'{kg]{ sfd oyf;dodf gu/]sf] / 3';sf] dfu u/]sf] x'gfn] ph"/jfnfn] clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfoaf6 gf]6x¿

lnP/ 3';afkt k|ltjfbLnfO{ lbPsf lqmofx¿ cf/f]lkt s;"/sf nflu ul/g] cg';Gwfg k|lqmofsf c+u x'g / sfg"gcg's"n g} ;DkGg ePsfn] cleof]hg kIfsf] lgot / cg';Gwfg sf/jfxLdf b"lift dg;fo / sfg"gL q'l6 ;d]t b]lvg gcfPsf]n] To;sf] cfwf/df Pslqt k|df0fx¿ cf/f]lkt s;"/ k|dfl0ft ug{sf nflu k|df0fsf] ?kdf u|x0fof]Uo b]lvg] . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb cof{n sDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 % ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

@ df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L, @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#^)*, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, /fdgfy ;xgL lj= e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no /f}tx6 ;d]t e"ld;DaGwL P]gn] df]xL nfu]sf] hUufdWo] cfwf hUuf wgLsf] / cfwf hUuf df]xLsf] :jfldTj sfod x'g] Joj:yf u/]sfn] Gofok"0f{ 9+un] cfwf hUufsf] :jfldTj k|fKt ug'{ df]xLsf] sfg"gL xs xf] . To:tf] xsnfO{ s'l07t x'g] u/L Ps kIfnfO{ a9L ;'ljwf / csf]{nfO{ yf}/} ;'ljwf x'g] u/L If]qkmn dfq cfwf cfwf ubf{ P]gsf] Joj:yf / p2]Zo cg'¿k x'Fb}g . To; sf/0f lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/If]q eP klg lg0f{ostf{n] ljj]s;Ddt / Gofof]lrt lg0f{o u/]sf] 5}g jf P]gsf] efjgf ljk/Lt e]befjk"0f{ lg0f{o u/]sf] v08df To:tf] lg0f{o sfod /xg g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb cof{n sDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 @! ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

# df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf, @)^! ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= #@(&, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= sd'sL{ z]kf{ Pp6L ljjflxt dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] kltaf6} wf/0f u/]sf] ue{af6 hlGdPsf] jRrfnfO{ dfg'{kg]{;Ddsf] :ki6 sf/0f gb]lvPsf]


18

cj:yfdf To:tL dlxnfn] cfkm"n] hGdfPsf] aRrfnfO{ dfln{g egL cg'dfg ug'{ Gofosf] /f]xaf6 gldNg] . k|ltjfbLn] g} s'g} st{Jo u/L d[ts lzz'sf] 6fpsf]df s8f j:t' nfUg uPsf] eGg] v'nfpg g;s]sf] ;fy} To;/L cfkm"n] hGdfPsf] jRrfnfO{ dfg'{kg]{;Ddsf] jfWofTds kl/l:ylt jf To:tf] jRrf hGdfpFbf k|ltjfbLpk/ ;fdflhs jf kfl/jfl/s ?kdf s'g} ?kdf s'g} k|Zg jf nf~5gf nfUg ;Sg];Ddsf] cj:yf / kl/l:ylt klg gePsf] cj:yfdf oL k|ltjfbLn] cfkm\gf] ue{af6 hGdfPsf] lzz'nfO{ dfl/g xf]nf egL ljgf 7f]; k|df0f cg'dfg u/L ;hfo ug'{ dgfl;j gx'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM ljb'/ sf]O/fnf sDKo'6/M /fdz/0f ltldN;]gf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g $ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

$ df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf, @)^% ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )%@%, e|i6frf/, em"7f k|df0f kq, zf/bf e08f/L lj=g]kfn ;/sf/ e|i6frf/ x'g s'g} gSsnL k|df0fkq lnO{ k|:t't u/L gf]s/Ldf k|j]z u/]sf] jf a9'jf lnPsf] jf cGo s'g} nfe lnPsf] dfq x'g'k5{ eGg] xf]Og . z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] em"7f k|df0f agfpg', lng', /fVg', k|:t't ug'{ dfq klg ck/fwhGo sfo{ xf] .

;]jf k|j]z ubf{ / tTsfn a9'jf kmf/fddf pNn]v u/]sf z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqaf6 tTsfn kmfObf lnPsf] gb]lvP tfklg kbdf jxfn /xg jf s'g} x}l;ot nfe jf ?k}ofF kfpg] p2]Zon] em"7f z}lIfs of]Uotf agfO{ NofO{ k]z u/]sf] b]lvFbf tL sfo{ g} :jo+ cfk/flws s;"/hGo sfo{ x'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM nLnfnfh clwsf/L sDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; # ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\

% df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf, @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= CR–))@),

e|i6frf/ em"7f k|df0f kq, j]b/fh uf}td lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t

h'g k/LIffdf ;+nUg e} k/LIff lbO{ pQL0f{ e} lnPsf] cflwsfl/s k|df0fkq xf] ;f]xL k|df0fkqnfO{ ;Tofkg ubf{ cg'QL0f{ ePsf] egL cflwsfl/s Pj+ k/LIff ;~rfng ug]{ af]8{af6 n]vL cfPsfn] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] ljjfbdf k|df0fkq hf/L ug]{ lgsfosf] k|df0fLs/0fnfO{ g} cfwfl/s dfGg'kg]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/L sDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g @* ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed

^ df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf, @)^% ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= CR–)%!$, e|i6frf/ em"7f k|df0f kq, tf/fk|;fb >]i7 lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t cfkm";Fu ePsf ;a"b k|df0f jfbLn] lkm/fbsf ;fy / k|ltjfbLn] k|ltpQ/ jf jofg ubf{ k]z ug'{k5{ . k|ltjfbLn] cfkm";Fu ePsf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf k|df0fkq ;dodf k]z u/]sf] ;d]t gb]lvFbf c=j+= && g++ adf]lhd ;d]t u|fx\o x'g g;Sg] . k/LIff lbO{ k/LIffkmn /f]Ssf e} k/LIffkmnn] k"0f{tf k|fKt gub}{ /f]Ssf ePsf] k/LIffkmn km's'jf gx'Fb} /2 ePsf] cj:yfdf xfO:s"n k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]sf] cj:yf gx'g] x'Fbf k|df0fkq kfpg] cj:yf g} x'Fb}g . k|df0fkq kfpg] cj:yfg} gePsf] l:yltdf k|df0fkq ;4] sLt]{ jf em"7f k|df0fkq x'g jf kl5 /2 ul/Psf] k|df0fkq x'g lgSof}{n ug{'kg]{ lhsL/;Fu ;xdt x'g g;lsg] . s'g} k/LIffdf ;lDdlnt x'Fb}df k/LIff pQL0f{ ePsf] dflgg g;lsg] . Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/L sDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g @* ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed


19

& df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf, @)%( ;fnsf] ;=kmf}=k'=g+= CR–#@!@, / #@@%, e|i6frf/, ;'/]Gb|nfn /fhe08f/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t, afns[i0f clwsf/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/ eGbf aflx/ uP/ hdfgt lbg] JolQmsf] ;Ldf :jLs[lt gu/fO{ Pp6} JolQmsf] hdfgLdf 7"nf] /sdsf] k|tLtkq vf]Nbf a}+snfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'Ug ;S5 / k|tLtkq vf]Ng] JolQmx¿n] u}/sfg"gL nfe k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5 eGg] ;fdfGo cg'dfg k|ltjfbLn] ug{ g;Sg] kl/l:ylt lyof] eGg] gb]lvFbf k|ltjfbLaf6 k|tLtkq vf]Ng] ;DaGwdf u/]sf sfd sf/jfxLx¿ c;n lgotaf6 ePsf] eGg gldNg] . s'g} JolQmpk/ s'g} s;"/df bfjL lng' dfq kof{Kt x'Fb}g . cfkm\gf] bfjL k|dfl0ft ug{ clGtd cj:yf;Dd k|of;/t\ x'g' jfbLsf] lhDd]jf/L x'g hfG5 . t/ k|:t't d'2fdf cfkm"n] lnPsf] bfjL k|dfl0ft ug{ yk ;a"b k|df0f ;+sng ug{ lqmofzLn x'g'sf] ;6[f bfjL gk'Ug] lg0f{opk/ Ps tx k'g/fj]bg ug]{;Ddsf] klg tTk/tf gb]vfO{ pbf;Lg /xg] ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f u/]sf] cj:yf gb]lvg] . Ohnf; clws[tM s[i0fd'/f/L l;jfsf]6L sDKo'6/M j]bgf clwsf/L Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 !! ut] /f]h @ z'ed o:t} k|s[ltsf lgDg d'2fx¿df o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf 5g\M • @)%( ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= CR–#@!#, / #@@#,

e|i6frf/, ;'/]Gb|nfn /fhe08f/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t

• @)%( ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= CR–#@!$, / #@@$, e|i6frf/, ;'/]Gb|nfn /fhe08f/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t

• @)%( ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= CR–#@!%, / #@@@, e|i6frf/, ;'/]Gb|nfn /fhe08f/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t

• @)%( ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= CR–#@!^, / #@@!, e|i6frf/, ;'/]Gb|nfn /fhe08f/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t

• @)%( ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= CR–#@!&, e|i6frf/, ;'/]Gb|nfn /fhe08f/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t

• @)%( ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= CR–#@!*, e|i6frf/, ;'/]Gb|nfn /fhe08f/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t

• @)%( ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= CR–#@!( / #@@), e|i6frf/, ;'/]Gb|nfn /fhe08f/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t

* df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #$($, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, tf/faxfb'/ yfkf lj= dfnkf]t sfof{no g'jfsf]6 ;d]t clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf] vf]hLdf lx8\g]n] ;kmf / :jR5 x[bosf ;fy cbfnt k|j]z ug'{ kb{5 . ;kmf / :jR5 x[bosf ;fy cbfnt k|j]z u/]sf] cj:yfdf d'2fsf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ bfloTj cbfntdf /xg] . Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/L sDKo'6/M /fdz/0f ltldlN;gf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; ( ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

( df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L lu/LzrGb| nfn, @)^$ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= @&@, 8fFsf, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= ;gd eGg] k'ik/fh /fO{ ;d]t s'g} ck/fwsf] jf/bftsf] k6s sfod ug'{ kbf{ pQm jf/bftn] sfo{?k k|fKt u/]sf] cj:yfnfO{ dfq ljrf/ u/]/ x'Fb}g . ;f] jf/bftn] sfo{?k lng' eGbf cufl8 agfOPsf] of]hgf / ck/fw;Fu ;DalGwt cGo tYox¿ ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ . rf]/Lsf] ck/fwsf] k6s u0fgf ubf{ Ps} rf]6L of]hgf agfO{ Pp6} ldltdf Ps} ;dosf]


20

cGt/fndf Pp6} ck/fwLx¿sf] ;d"xaf6 ePsf] jf/bftnfO{ k6s k6s ck/fw u/]sf] eGg ;f] sfg"gsf] dgf;fo x'g g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/L sDKo'6/M ;/:jlt kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 !# ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ . o;} k|s[ltsf lgDg d'2fx¿df o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf 5g\M • @)^$ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )@&#, 8fFsf,

g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= ;gd eGg] k'ik/fh /fO{ ;d]t

• @)^$ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )@&$, 8fFsf, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= ;gd eGg] k'ik/fh /fO{ ;d]t

!) df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^@ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+=#^%(, rf]/L, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= u0f]zaxfb'/ sfsL{ ;d]t df=Gof=/fdk|;fb >]i7sf] /foM rf]/L h:tf] uDeL/ ck/fwdf s]jn cg'dfgs} e/df s;"/ 7x/ u/L ;hfo ug{ gldNg] . df=Gof=e/t/fh pk|]tLsf] /foM k|ltjfbLn] !% k|ltzteGbf a9L gfkmf x'g] u/L dfq xf]Og ls s/Lj s/Lj cfwf d"Nodf v/Lb ug]{ / k|of]u ug]{ sfo{ u/]af6 rf/Lsf] @# g+= cg';f/ s;"/ sfod u/L ;hfo ug'{ x'Fb}g eGg] cy{ ug'{ cf}lrTok"0f{ gx'g] . df=Gof=/fdk|;fb >]i7sf] /fo;Fu ;xdt x'g g;s]sfn] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #-!_-s_ adf]lhd k"0f{ Ohnf;df k]z x'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/L sDKo'6/M /fdz/0f ltldlN;gf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 @* ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

!! df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^^ ;fnsf] l/6 g++= WO )!(%, k/dfb]z ;d]t, h]i7 gful/s ;dfh s]=sf= ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t h]i7 gful/ssf] ;d"x jf ju{ /fHosf] jf ;dfhsf Pp6f cjlwsf] hLjGt Oltxf; / dfgjLo k|ltljDj g} ePsf] x'Fbf o:tf] ju{k|lt ;DalGwt /fHon] lgjf{x ug]{ st{Jo / bfloTjaf6 pQm /fHosf] k|hftflGqs 5lj Pj+ dfgjflwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug]{ rl/qnfO{ g} k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ . h]i7 gful/sx¿nfO{ klg cGo gful/s ;/x ;Dk"0f{ dfgjflwsf/x¿sf] pkef]u ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/L dof{lbt, e]befj/lxt / ;'/lIft hLjgofkgsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{ /fHosf] k/d st{Jo x'g cfpg] . P]gn] h]i7 gful/scGtu{t kl/eflift u/]sf] ^) jif{sf] pd]/ k"/f ePsf ;Dk"0f{ h]i7 gful/sx¿nfO{ Ps} k6s / Pp6} cfwf/df ;d]6\g ;Dej gb]lvP tfklg ;Dk"0f{ h]i7 gful/sx¿sf] ;+Vof, pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhs Pj+ kfl/jfl/s l:ylt, b]zsf] cfly{s ;|f]t / ;fwg tyf cfly{s Ifdtfsf] l:ylt, /fHo sf]ifdfly kg{ hfg] Jooef/ jf ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;Ldf -Austerity_ sf] ljifoaf6 g} slt pd]/;Ddsf h]i7 gful/snfO{ /fHon] eQf pknJw u/fpg] eGg] ;DaGwdf Pp6f lglZrt cfwf/af6 lgwf{l/t x'g] s'/f ePsfn] To:tf] ljifodf cbfntn] l/6 If]qaf6 x:tIf]k u/L lg?k0f ug'{ Gofo;+ut gx'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM ljb'/ sf]O/fnf sDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g % ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!@ df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^% ;fnsf] l/6 g++= )$*#, pTk|]if0f, lji0f'k|;fb cof{n lj=g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t


21

l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf] ljjfbf:kb l;kmfl/z / lgo'lQm lg0f{o :jo+ k|wfgdGqLaf6} ab/ e};s]kl5 g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgdf gofF kbflwsf/L / k|f1;efsf ;b:ox¿ lgo'lQm ug{ l;kmfl/z ;ldlt ;d]t u7g ;f]xL ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zdf xfn g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgdf gofF kbflwsf/L / ;ef ;b:ox¿ ;d]t lgo'lQm eO{ ;f] k|lti7fgsf] u7g sfo{ ;d]t ;DkGg eO;s]sfn] l/6 lgj]bgsf] s'g} cf}lrTo g/xg] . Ohnf; clws[tM ljb'/ sf]O/fnf sDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g % ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!# df=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^% ;fnsf] l/6 g++= WO–)$(*, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t, ls/0f dfgGw/ ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no ;d]t P]gsf] :ki6 Joj:yfcg';f/ l;kmfl/z ;ldltsf b'O{ hgf ;b:ox¿ k|wfgdGqL :jo+af6} tf]lsg' kg]{df ;+:s[lt dGqLn] To:tf ;b:ox¿sf] gfd tf]sL k|wfgdGqLaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ l;kmfl/z ;ldlt u7g ePsf] b]lvFbf To;/L u7g ePsf] l;kmfl/z ;ldlt sfg"gcg'¿k u7g ePsf] dfGg gldNg] . k|rlnt g]kfn nlntsnf k|1f k|lti7fg P]g, @)^$ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhd k|wfgdGqLaf6 dgf]gog, lgo'lQm / u7g x'g'kg]{ k|lti7fgsf k|f1;ef ;b:o, kbflwsf/L tyf kl/ifbsf] dgf]gog, lgo'lQm / u7g;DaGwL lg0f{o l;kmfl/z ;ldltn] cfkm}n] u/]sf] x'Fbf To:tf] lg0f{odf k|wfgdGqLn] :jLs[lt lbPsf cfwf/df dfq ;f] sfd sf/jfxL k|wfdGqLaf6} ePsf] dfGg g;lsg] . sfg"gn] :ki6 ?kdf h'g lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Laf6 h'g sfo{ jf lg0f{o x'g'kb{5 egL ls6fgL ;fy Joj:yf u/]sf] 5, To:tf] sfo{ jf lg0f{o ;f]xL lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Laf6} x'g'kb{5 .

To;f] ePdf dfq} To:tf] sfo{ jf lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt ?kdf ;DkGg ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . sfg"gn] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] ;LdfnfO{ gf3\g] u/L eP ul/Psf sfd sf/jfxL jf lg0f{ox¿n] sfg"gL j}wtf k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM ljb'/ sf]O/fnf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g % ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ . o:t} k|s[ltsf lgDg d'2fx¿df o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf 5g\M • @)^% ;fnsf] l/6 g++= WO )%$#, pTk|]if0f

k/dfb]z ;d]t, dlxnf snfsf/ ;d"x ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no ;d]t

• @)^% ;fnsf] l/6 g++= WO )$(&, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t, hLtaxfb'/ b]phf ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no ;d]t

Ohnf; g+= !

! df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L uf}/L 9sfn, @)^) ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= *@%(, hUuf lvrf]nf rng, >L/fdk|;fb ofbj lj= ;'/]Gb|k|;fb ofbj ;d]t gS;faf6 jfbLsf] hUuf k'u]sf] cfwf/ Pj+ sf/0faf6 z'? lhNnf cbfntn] jfbL bfjLadf]lhd hUuf k|ltjfbLn] lvrf]nf u/]sf] 7x¥ofPsf] km};nf s]xL pN6L u/L k'g/fj]bg jfbLsf] hUufeGbf a9L x'g cfPsf] hUufsf] xb;Dddf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿n] lvrf]nf u/]sf] g7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvg] . Ohnf; clws[tM s[i0fk|;fb ;'j]bL sDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/L Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn sflQs @( ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

@ df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad, @)%* ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= ^(!$, *)@&, df]xL sfod, lu/Lhf zdf{ lj= ;lGbk yfkf ;d]t


22

sfg"gadf]lhd sfod ePsf] df]xLn] hUuf gsdfO{ efu]df, df]xL cfkm}n] hUuf sdfpg 5f8]sf] ;"rgf lbPdf df]xL nut s6[f u/L btf{ lstfj ;Rofpg] tyf ;fn;fnsf] afnL a'emfpg' kg]{ bfloTj kfngf gu/]df jf e"ld ;DaGwL P]g, lgodn] lgb]{z u/]cg';f/sf] sfd sf/jfxL ljk/Lt sfd u/]df ;DalGwt P]g lgodsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L btf{jfnf df]xL lgisflzt x'g] . ;fljs hUufwgLn] df]xLn] hUuf ghf]t]sf] jf efu]sf] jf gsdfPsf] egL sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhdsf] sf/jfxL cjnDag gu/L ;fljs df]xLn] sdfPsf] 5}g egL hUufwgLn] csf]{ t];|f] kIfn] lbPsf] d'2fdf ePsf] jofgdf Joxf]/f n]vfO{ lbPs} gftfn] dfq df]xL xs ;dfKt ePsf] dfGg gldNg] . sfg"gadf]lhd :yflkt df]xLnfO{ cGo cj:yfaf6 lj:yflkt ug{ gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6 sDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/L Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ @* ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

# df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad, @)^) ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= (#%!, df]xL xs gfd;f/L, xl/nfn >]i7 ;d]t lj=lji0f'k|;fb pk|]tL ;d]t jfbLsf] xssf] ljjflbt hUufaf6 k|ltjfbLsf] lvrf]nf d]6fO{ jfbLn] rng rnfO{ kfpg] u/L ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 km};nf ePsf] ;d]taf6 pQm hUufdf pQm d'2faf6 ;d]t k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLsf] xs /x]sf] tYo :yflkt ePsf] cj:yfdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ePsf] pQm km};nf ;d]taf6 k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] gfddf df]xL xs /x]sf] tYo :yflkt x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf df]xL xs gfd;f/L x'g] cj:yf gb]lvg] . Ohnf; clws[tM w'|j/fh lqkf7L sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ * ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

o;} nufpsf] @)^) ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= (#^*, df]xL a]bvnL, xl/nfn >]i7 ;d]t lj=lji0f'k|;fb pk|]tL ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

$ df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj, @)^% ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= ))(#, st{Jo Hofg, ;"o{axfb'/ ljZjsdf{ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltjfbLsf] sfo{n] uDeL/, 3fts Pj+ ;dfhdf 3[0ff, å]if km}nfpg], ;dfhlj?4 Pj+ ;w}el/ /fi6« Pj+ ;dfhdf ljs[lt km}nfpg d2t ug]{ s';+:sf/o'Qm v/fj k|s[ltsf] uDeL/ cfk/flws sfo{ u/]sf] b]lvFbf ck/fw x'Fbfsf] cj:yf Pj+ l:yltnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ k'g/fj]bg dfu bfjLadf]lhd c=j+= !** g+= sf] k|of]u x'g] cj:yf b]lvg gcfpg] . Ohnf; clws[tM s[i0fk|;fb ;'j]bL sDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/L Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ # ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

% df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, @)^% ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=)@$!, c+z rng ;d]t, ;'gLn k|hfklt lj= ;"o{dfof k|hfklt ;d]t

xfn}sf] js;kqaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] hUuf / ;f]df jg]sf] 3/ ;d]t lghL cfh{gaf6 jg]sf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf d'n'sL P]g c+za08fsf] !* g+= df ePsf] sfg"gL Joj:yf ;d]taf6 pQm hUuf lghL cfh{gsf] b]lvPsfn] cGo a08f ug'{kg]{ k}lqs ;DklQ /x] ePsf] gb]lvFbf lghL cfh{gsf] ls=g+= (#! sf] 3/hUuf a08f ug'{kg]{ b]lvg gcfpg] .

Ohnf; clws[tM w'|j/fh lqkf7L sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ !) ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .


23

^ df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^@ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=($&), cj08f hUuf a08f, ;'/]Gb| ;fx ;d]t lj= nIdL ;fx t]nL k|ltjfbLx¿sf jfh]sf gfpFdf & g+= kmfF6jf/L el/Psf] ;fljs ls=g+=&#%af6 lsQfsf6 eO{ sfod ePsf] ls=g+= ^% sf] hUuf lghsf] gfpFdf Psnf}6L btf{ ePsf] ldl;n ;+nUg k|df0faf6 b]lvFbf o;/L xl/rg ;fxsf gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] ;fljs ls=g+= sf] hUuf jfbL tyf k|ltjfbLsf jfh]n] cf–cfkmgf] ef]u lx:;fsf] cfwf/df lsQfsf6 u/L gfkL u/fPsf] :ki6 b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf pQm hUuf jfbL / k|ltjfbLsf jfh]sf aLr ljlwjt a08f geO{ ef]urng ul/cfPsf] x'Fbf jfbLn] a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbg kfpg] xf]Og eGg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM s[i0fd'/f/L lzjfsf]6L sDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/L Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 !( ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

& df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^! ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=(@*!, lg0f{o btf{ ab/ lghL u'7L, k|f0fdfof d'lgsf/ ;d]t lj= ejfgL/fh kf08] ;d]t bfjLsf] hUuf gfkL x'Fbf hUufwgLsf] gfpFdf kz'kltgfysf] d"n k'hf/L vfGuL / k|]ds'df/L pkfWofo pNn]v ePsf] b]lvP klg k|]ds'df/Ln] pQm hUufsf] cfkm" hUufwgL geO{ df]xL ePsf]n] df]lxofgL btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lbO{ sf/jfxL rnfPsf] b]lvFbf ;f] hUuf kz'kltsf] d"n k'hf/L vfGuLsf] ePsf] tYonfO{ cGo e/kbf]{ k|df0faf6 vl08t x'g ;s]sf] gb]lvg] .

ljjflbt hUuf kz'kltgfy d"n k'hf/Lsf] xf] egL lkmN8j'ssf] hUufwgL dxndf n]vfO;s]sf] / ;f] s'/fnfO{ cGoyf eGg / ;a"b k|df0faf6 v08g ug{ g;sL :jLsf/ ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] hUuf kz'kltgfy d"n k'hf/Lsf]

geO{ Gx'R5]axfb'/ d'lgsf/ ;d]tsf] xf] eGg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM s[i0fd'/f/L lzjfsf]6L sDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/L Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 !( ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

o;} nufpsf] @)^! ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=(@*@, km};nf ab/, k|f0fdfof d'lgsf/ ;d]t lj= ejfgL/fh kf08] ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

* df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^) ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=(*!!, kvf{n eTsfO{ kfpFm, ef/tL 9'+ufgf cof{n lj= kfj{tL dxh{g

ls=g+= %$( sf] ;Dk"0f{ hUuf rqmky 6«ofs/f]8df k/]sf] eGg] gfkL zfvf sn+sLsf] kq / k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] cfb]zfg';f/ ePsf] :ynut gfk gS;f ;d]taf6 ;k|df0f k'li6 eO/x]sf] cj:yf x'Fbf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] lhsL/sf] pQm ls=g+=sf] k"/} hUuf 6«ofs/f]8df k/L lghsf] hUuf aflx/ afFsL g} g/x]sf] eGg] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] cfkm\gf] pQm ls=g+= sf] hUufdf kvf{n agfPsf] eGg g;lsg] x'Fbf jfbLsf] ls=g+= #$^ sf] hUufdf k|ltjfbLn] nufPsf] kvf{n eTsfO{ k|ltjfbLn] u/]sf] lvrf]nf d]6fO{ rng ;d]t rnfO{ lbg'kg]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM w'|j/fh lqkf7L sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ ( ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

o;} k|s[ltsf] @)^) ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=*(!), 3/ eTsfO{ lvrf]nf rng s[i0f/fh cof{n ;d]t lj=tf/fb]jL zfx ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

Ohnf; g+= @

!

df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf, @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #!@^, pTk|]if0f,


24

gf/fo0fk|;fb e6[/fO{ lj= sf7df8f}+F kmfOgfG; ln= ;d]t C0f lbg] a}+s jf kmfOgfG; sDkgLx¿n] ;DemfO/xg kg]{ s'/f xf]Og . kmfOgfG; sDkgLn] lnnfdL sf/jfxL ubf{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf g} k|sflzt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . shf{ lnPkl5 :jo+ shf{ lnFbfsf] zt{adf]lhd C0fL :jo+n] ;do ;dodf cfkm\gf] ls:tfadf]lhd shf{ r'Qmf ug'{kg]{ . C0fLn] ;dodf shf{ glt/]afkt shf{afkt lnPsf] lwtf] lnnfd u/L C0f c;"n u/]sf] sfdsf/jfxLdf sfg"gtM s'g} q'l6 gb]lvFbf dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L ug{ gldNg] . o:tf Defaulter nfO{ cbfntn] d2t ug{ g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g @! ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

@ df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf, @)^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )#@!, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, hugf/fo0f dxtf] lj= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/ ;d]t k6s k6s ljuf] bflvnf ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ubf{ klg ljuf] bflvnf gu/]sf tyf lnnfd x'g] Joxf]/fsf ljleGg ;"rgf k6s k6s /Ltk"j{s tfd]n ePsf] cj:yfdf ;Dk"0f{ lnnfdL sf/jfxLdf s'g} sfg"gL q'l6 b]lvg cfPg . sfuh hfFrsf] dxnadf]lhd /Ltk"j{s tof/ ePsf] hfohft tfobft d'r'NsfnfO{ cGoyf cy{ u/L lnnfdL sf/jfxL ab/ ug]{ 7x/fPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] cfb]z ab/ x'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo sDKo'6/M lgd{nf e6[ Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g @! ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

# df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{, @)^! ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#*)#, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, uf]kfnk|;fb k/fh'nL lj=gfkL ljefu ;d]t

ljefuLo ;hfosf] lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/L lgikIf tyf :jtGq e} k|df0fsf] ljj]rgf u/L ;hfo ug'{kg]{ cfwf/ / sf/0f vf]nL lg0f{o ug'{kb{5 . o;/L lg0f{o ubf{ k|zf;sLo clwsf/Lsf] x}l;otaf6 x}gls Pp6f cw{Goflos lgsfo ;/xsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kb{5 . p;sf] lg0f{o tyf sfd sf/jfxLaf6 lgikIftf tyf :jtGqtfsf] k|Tofe"lt x'g'kg]{ . lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/Ln] k|df0fsf] :jtGq tyf lgikIftfk"j{s ljZn]if0f u/L Gofo k|bfg ug'{kg]{ ljj]snfO{ s;}af6 lgb]{lzt jf s'g} klg ljrf/af6 k|efljt e} lg0f{o ug{ x'Fb}g . To;f] lg0f{o Mechanical justice sf] ?kdf kl/0ft e} Gofosf] dxTj g} z"Godf kl/0ft x'g k'Ug] . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !$ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

$ df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= $!^, df]xL nut s6[f, udg yf? lj= sdnf b'u8 df}sfdf ljjflbt hUufaf6 df]xL nut s6[f x'g] lg0f{o ePsf] eP ;|]:tfdf df]xL nut s6[f u/L cBfjlws u/fpg] bfloTj hUufwgLsf] xf] eGg] tYodf ljjfb ul//xg gkg]{ .

df}sfdf sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t bfloTj kfngf gug]{ hUufwgLnfO{ xfn cfP/ sfg"gåf/f s'g} ;xof]u x'g] cj:yf gb]lvg'sf ;fy} lgisflzt df]xLaf6 jfnL a'emL e/kfO{ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf g} gcfpg] x'Fbf jfbLsf] bfjL k|df0faf6 ;dly{t e} :yflkt x'g ;s]sf] b]lvg cfPg . To:t} u/L ljjflbt hUuf e"=;'=sf= af6 df]xL / hUufwgLaLr afF8kmfF8 ;d]t e} hUuf l:yltdf ;d]t kl/jt{g e};s]sf] b]lvFbf df]xL nut s6[f x'g g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo sDKo'6/Mlgd{nf e6[ Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g $ ut] /f]h == z'ed\ .


25

o;} nufpsf lgDg d'2fx¿df o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf 5g\M • @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#^)%, pTk|]if0f

k/dfb]z, o'j/fh wf8]jf lj= e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no lj/f6gu/ ;d]t

• @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#^)^, pTk|]if0f, sdnf b'u8 lj= e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no lj/f6gu/ ;d]t

• @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=$!%, df]xL nut s6[f, udg yf? lj= o'j/fh wf8]jf

% df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj, @)^$ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+=CI–)!@@, cbfntsf] ckx]ngf, ;fs]nfbL e"ldb]j k"hf:yn k'g:yf{kgf ;+3if{ ;ldlt ;d]t lj= w/fg gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no ;d]t cfkm\gf] xsb}of g} gk'Ug] / hUufwgL lgj]bs g/x]sf hUufsf s'/fdf bfjL lnPsf] ;fy} lgj]bsn] bfjL u/]cg';f/ lgif]wf1f d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L eP kZrft af6f] tyf j'4sf] zflns lgdf{0f z'? u/]sf] l:ylt gb]lvFbf cGtl/d cfb]z x'g'eGbf cufj} lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg e};s]sfn] cbfntsf] ckx]ngf gx'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM dx]Gb|k|;fb kf]v/]n sDKo'6/M ;'lbk k+1fgL Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ !! ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

^ df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=CI–)%^%, lgif]wf1f, x:tnfn lnDa" ;d]t lj= g/axfb'/ >]i7 ;d]t cbfntdf s'g} s'/fsf] bfjL lnP/ cfpg]n] cfkm\gf] xs ef]usf] ;|f]t cyf{t k|df0f;lxt bfjL ug'{kb{5 . bfjLstf{sf] xsef]usf] k|df0fsf] cefjdf cbfntn] dfuadf]lhd OG;fkm ug{ g;Sg] .

o:t} k|s[ltsf lgDg d'2fx¿df ;d]to o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5M • @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=CI–))($, ;fs]nfbL

e"ldb]j k"hf:yn k'g:yf{kgf ;+3if{ ;ldlt ;d]t lj= w/fg gu/kflnsf ;d]t

• @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=CI–)!!@, lgif]wf1f, wd{Wjh /fO{ lj= ls/ft /fO{ ofof}Svf lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt ;'g;/L ;d]t

• @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=CI–))(%, lgif]wf1f, ;fs]bfnL e"ldk"hf ;ldlt lj= b]jL:yfg tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfof{no ;d]t

• @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=CI–)!!!, lgif]wf1f, ;fs]bfnL e"ld b]j k"hf:yn k'g:yf{kgf ;+3if{ ;ldlt lj= w/fg gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no ;d]t

• @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=CI–)!!#, lgif]wf1f, ;fs]bfnL e"ldk"hf ;ldlt lj= w/fg gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no ;d]t

Ohnf; clws[tM dx]Gb|k|;fb kf]v/]n sDKo'6/M ;'lbk k+1fgL Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ !! ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

& df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^! ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=*^*^, a08f rng k"hL{ ab/, dx]z zdf{ eGg] dx]Zj/ zdf{ lj= kfgf]b]jL 7fs'/ nf]xf/ ;d]t sfg"gL Joj:yf ljk/Lt k|ltjfbLn] o; cbfntsf] km};nfn] c+z gkfpg] 7x/L km};nf e};s]kl5 ljjflbt ;DklQdf jfbLx¿sf] xs lxt l;lh{t e};s]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] ;DklQnfO{ oyfl:yltdf /fVg'kg]{df ;f] gu/L jfbLx¿nfO{ d'2f ug{ jfWo t'NofO{ b'Mv x}/fgLdf kfg{ plNnlvt c+z gkfpg] 7x/ km};nf ePkZrft\ k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLnfO{ k|ltjfbLn] u/]sf] /fhLgfdf b"lift


26

dgf;fon] clek|]l/t e} u/]sf] b]lvPsf] /fhLgfdfn] sfg"gL dfGotf gkfpg] . Ohnf; clws[tM dx]Gb|k|;fb kf]v/]n sDKo'6/M lgd{nf e6[ Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn sflQs !^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

* df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=CI–)$*), z]ifkl5sf] lnvt ab/, rGb|z]v/ Gof}kfg] ;d]t lj= wgs'df/L Gof}kfg] xbDofb / xsb}of d'2f k|ydtM Prima Facie ?kdf x]l/g] ljifo x'g\ . xsb}ofsf] l;4fGtsf] d'2fdf dxTjk"0f{ :yfg /x]sf] x'G5 . xs} gk'Ug] ljifodf hf] ;'s}n] gfn]; lbg kfpg] xf] eg] ;fdflhs ;b\efj, efOrf/f, cdgr}g / Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf] :yfkgf x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] xsb}ofnfO{ d'2fdf s8fOsf ;fy x]l/g] ul/G5 . To;}n] k|:t't d'2fdf c+z d'2f lbO{ c+z kfO{ 5'l6[ leGg e};s]sfn] lnvt ab/ u/fpg ;Sg] clwsf/ gb]lvg] . Ohnf; clws[tM dx]Gb|k|;fb kf]v/]n sDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ufgf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ * ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

( df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^$ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )*%(, pTk|]if0f, lhGbn :6Ln P08 kfj/ ln= lj= k|wfdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t ljifo ljifosf] nflu jg]sf] P]gn] hnljB'tsf] ljsf; ug]{ u/fpg] sfd Private sector af6 dfq u/fpg'kg]{ ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf] sDkgLaf6 u/fpg gx'g] egL ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf] sDkgLnfO{ cg'dltkq lbg gx'g] u/L k|ltjGw gnfPsfn] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/;DkGg dGqLn] sfg"gn] ug{ gx'g] egL /f]s jf k|ltjGw nufPsf] sfd jfx]s cGo ;Dk"0f{ sfd jf gLltut lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] .

g]kfn ;/sfn] EOI sf] k|:tfj cfJxfg u/]sf] Response df ;xefuL x'g cfpg] h'g;'s} sDkgL lj?4 /fHosf] tkm{af6 :j]R5frf/L / e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ x'G5 eg] To:tf] cj:yfdf s'g} klg Investor nfO{ cfkm\gf] dsf{ km'sfpg] forum ljxLg cj:yfdf /fVg gx'g] . sfg"gn] /f]s gnufPsf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] Private sector jf ;/sf/L :jfldTj jf b'O{ ju{sf JolQmx¿;Fu ;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sb5 . g]kfn /fHosf] Statutory Power cGtu{t ;/sf/åf/f o;/L x'g] ;Demf}tf Jofkfl/s k|s[ltsf] cfly{s ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ;Demf}tf x'g o:tf] ;Demf}tf ubf{ /fHon] ;fj{hlgs lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL cfkm\gf] zt{ tf]Sg ;S5 . k|:tfj cfJxfg ubf{ xf];\ jf ;Demf}tf ubf{ xf];\ /fHo 7]Ssf lbg] JolQmTj ePsf] x'Fbf /fHon] cfkm\gf] zt{ /fVg ;Sg] . 7]Ssf lbg] jf glbg] sfddf nufpg] jf gnufpg] jf s'g} sfd ug]{ cg'dltkq jf Ohfhtkq lbg] glbg] eGg] s'/f sfo{kflnsLo gLltut s'/fdf Goflos k'g/fjnf]sgsf] gfddf cbfntn] s'g} cd's lgj]bs jf k|:tfjs jf developer jf JolQmnfO{ g} 7]Ssf lbg'k5{ egL jfWo ug{ g;Sg] . k|:tfjs jf jf]nkqsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ sfo{df k|:tfjs jf jf]nkq bftfn] lbg d~h"/ u/]sf] Benefit dfq zt{ jf k|:tfj 5gf]6sf] Psdfq Criteria x'g ;Sb}g . k|:tfj jf jf]nkq cfJxfgsf] zt{ h] h:tf] eP klg /fHo jf ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] c8fgdf nrstf b]vfpg jf bfjL 5f8\g klg ;Sg] . sfo{kflnsfsf] domain leq kg]{ cfly{s ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt gLltut s'/fdf wf/f !%^ cg';f/ ;+;bLo cg'df]bg cfjZos k5{ eGg' eg]sf] seperaton of power s} ljk/Lt JofVof x'g] . sfo{kflnsLo, Joj:yfksLo / GofokflnsLo clwsf/ j]Unf j]Un} / :ki6 zJbdf


27

seperation of power u/L wf/f !%^ df ;Lldt sfd dfq ljwflosfn] Cecks & Balances x'g] u/L lnlvt ;+ljwfgåf/f /fHo ;~rfng x'g] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfaf6 zfl;t /fi6« ePsf] sf/0f sfo{sfl/0fLsf] domain leq kg]{ sfd klg ;+;bLo cg'df]bg ug'{k5{ eGg] JofVof o; cbfntn] ug{ g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM /fh]Gb|s'df/ cfrfo{ Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn ;fpg #@ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

!) df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=CI–)%^(, lgif]wf1f, hfuL/dfof /fO{ ;d]t lj= lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;'g;/L ;d]t o;} hUufsf] ;DaGwdf k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf d'2f kl//x]sf] cj:yf b]lvPsf]n] ;f]xL d'2fdf km};nf x'Fbf 7x/]adf]lhd x'g] g} x'Fbf o; d'2faf6 xfn s]xL ug'{kg]{ b]lvPg . cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm egL lbPsf] lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM dx]Gb|k|;fb kf]v/]n sDKo'6/M ;'lbk k+1fgL Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ !! ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

!! df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^% ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= )!&#, lgif]wf1f, /fhs'df/ ;fx lj= lj0ffb]jL ;d]t ldnfkqsf] cfwf/df dfnkf]taf6 kfl/t lnvtx¿ s'g} klg d'2faf6 ab/ e} cl:tTjxLg e}g;s]sf] cj:yfdf sfg"gtM k|ToyL{ ;d]ts} xs ef]u /x]sf] dfGg'kg]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}q !@ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

!@ df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=#^%, lgif]wf1f, s[i0fxl/ >]i7 ;d]t lj=lji0f'k|;fb clwsf/L ;d]t

sfg"gadf]lhd ;Ifd lgsfoaf6 hUufsf] :jfldTj ;DaGwdf cGoyf lg0f{o geP;Ddsf] nflu pQm hUufsf] ;|]:tf hf] h;sf] gfpFdf 5 p;}sf] xs k'uL ;+ljwfg tyf sfg"gadf]lhd pQm ;DklQsf] ef]u, ljqmL, Jojxf/, ef8fdf lbg] h:tf ;DklQ;DaGwL ;j} clwsf/sf] k|of]u btf{jfnfn] ug{ kfpg] . :yfgLo k|zf;g P]gcg';f/ lhNnfleq zflGt ;'/Iff sfod /fVg] sfg"gL st{Jo k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] eP klg JolQm JolQm aLrsf] ;DklQ;DaGwL ljjfbdf x:tIf]k ug]{ clwsf/ gx'g] . b'O{ kIf aLr jfbljjfb rs{g ;S5 eGg] cfwf/df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] kqmg jf x:tIf]k ug{ jf lgb]{zg jf cfb]z lbg ;Sb}g . JolQm JolQm aLrsf] ;DklQ;DaGwL ljjfbdf af]nfO{ x:tIf]k ug{ klg gx'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo sDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/L Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}q !@ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

!# df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^% ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )#@$, pTk|]if0f, k|fylds ljBfno vhgk'/ lkk|fsf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;d]t lj= k|fylds ljBfno vhgk'/sf k|wfgfWofks ;d]t sfg"gadf]lhdsf] kbfjlw afFsL 5Fb} cfkm\gf] kbaf6 x6fpg] u/L ePsf] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] lg0f{o tyf ;f]sf] cfwf/df cjsfz lbg] u/L ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofksn] lbPsf] kq sfg"gljk/Ltsf] b]lvFbf pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L ab/ x'g] . pQm ljBfnosf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] x}l;otn] sfd ug{ lbg', s'g} jfwf lj/f]w gug'{ egL ljkIfLsf gfddf k/dfb]z hf/L x'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6 sDKo'6/M d's'Gb lji6 Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t !* ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .


28

!$ df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#%#%, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, chj'l4g jfujfg lj= dWoklZrd If]qLo k|x/L tflnd s]Gb| ;d]t sfg"g tf]8\g] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ug]{ sfd ;'/Iff lgsfo cyf{t k|x/Lsf] xf] t/ ;dfGo gful/sx¿sf lj?4 s;}n] s'g} ck/fw u/]df To:tf] ck/fw ug]{ JolQmnfO{ pkl:yt hf];'s}n] kqmfp ug{ / sf/jfxLsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf ;'Dkg ;S5 . o; sfdsf] nflu ;]gfnfO{ out cast ug{ ldNb}g . ck/fw ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;]gfn] kqm]sf] sf/0fn] dfq cGo k|df0f 5 / cGo sf/jfxL sfg"gadf]lhd 5 eg] To:tf] sf/jfxL sfg"g ljk/Lt gx'g] . lgj]bs cfkm\gf] kb / Uniform sf] wfsdf /sd c;"n ug]{ sfddf sfo{/t\ /x]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;]gfn] /+u] cft kqmfp u/L sf/jfxLsf nflu ;'lDkPsf] b]lvFbf lgj]bsn] ;z:q k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] cfr/0f ljk/Lt dfq xf]Og kmf}hbf/L ck/fw u/]sf] ;d]t k|dfl0ft x'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0f /]UdL sDKo'6/M ;'lbk k+1fgL Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 !@ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!% df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^@ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= ($^), df]6/ jLdf bfjL, PnfoG; OG;'/]G; sDkgL ln= lj= p4jk|;fb lzjfsf]6L Pp6} aLdf n]vdf dflyNnf] efun] Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] eGg] / tNnf] efun] gkfpg] egL 5'6[} cy{ / e|dfTds s'/f pNn]v u/]df ;'ljwf lbg] b[li6sf]0faf6} JofVof ug'{ :jl0f{d x'g hfg] . b'3{6gfsf] ;"rgfkl5 tTsfn lkmN8 lg/LIf0f u/L jf:tljs s'/fsf] k|ltj]bg lbO;s]kl5 ;f]sf] ^ dlxgfkl5 z'?sf] k|ltj]bgdf tflTjs leGgtf x'g] u/L k'gM leGg Joxf]/fsf] k|ltj]bg lbg] ;e]{o/n] cfkm\gf] Jofj;flos

cfr/0f lj?4 sfd u/]sf] eGg] s'/f b]lvPsfn] lghnfO{ aLdf;DaGwL sfg"g, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd cfjZos sf/jfxL ug'{ / o;/L lagfcfwf/ tyf sf/0f klxn] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgdf tflTjs c;/ kg]{ u/L ;e]{ k|ltj]bgdf km]/jbn u/L ljldtsf] xs ljk/Lt sfd ug]{ ;e]{o/x¿nfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ kof{Kt tyf k|efjsf/L Joj:yf geP To:tf] Joj:yf k|rlnt aLdf P]g tyf lgoddf ;dfj]z ug{ tTsfn cfjZos k|lqmof z'? ug{sf nflu lgb]{zgfTds cfb]z hf/L x'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb /]UdL sDKo'6/M lgd{nf e6[ Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 !@ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!^ df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^! ;fnsf] l/6 g+=@(#), pTk|]if0f, /fd]Zj/ bf; ld> lj= dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}+F ;d]t cfkm\gf] xsdf c;/ kg]{ u/L s'g} lg0f{o x'Fbf k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGtcg';f/ kof{Kt ?kdf ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf k|bfg ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 . k|:t't d'2fdf oL lgj]bsnfO{ lemsfO{ a'emL lghsf] s'/f ;d]t ;'gL lg0f{o gePsf] l:yltdf sfo{ljlwut ?kdf uDeL/ q'l6 ePsf] dfGg' kg]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !* ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!& df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#&($, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, w'|j/fh e6[/fO{ ;d]t lj= e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg dGqfno ;d]t hUufsf] :jfldTjsf] k|df0f lt/f] lt/]sf] /;Lb / ;h{ldg x'g ;Sb}g . cGo k|df0faf6 :jfldTj k|dfl0ft ePdf lt/f] lt/]sf]


29

k|df0f / ;h{ldg yk k|df0f x'g ;S5 . Ps k6s xf]Og tLg k6s gfkL x'Fbf klg cfkm\gf] k|df0f s]xL eP k]; u/L gfkLdf n]vfpg ;Sg'kg]{df gfkL cfpFbf lgj]bs gfkL 6f]nLcufl8 g} kg{ ;s]sf] b]lvPg . hUufsf] :jfldTjsf] d"n k|df0f /xg] sfof{no dfnkf]t / e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no x'g . JolQm;Fu ePsf] k|df0fnfO{ ;/sf/L sfof{nodf /x]sf k|df0fn] Corroborate ug]{ xf] . t/ o;df t lgj]bsn] cfkm";Fu 5 eg]sf] k|df0fsf] cl:yTj g} clen]v /fVg] sfof{nodf ;dly{t tyf k|dfl0ft x'g g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !* ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!* df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+=@%)*, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, u|f08 xf]6n k|f=ln= lj= xf]daxfb'/ v8\sf ;d]t rf]/L x'g sf/f]jf/ uf]Ko x'G5 . rf]/Ldf lng] vfg] jb\lgot /x]sf] x'G5 . rf]/L ubf{ Record u/]/ ul/b}g . t/ o;df xf]6nsf] vftfaf6 clehLtsf] gfddf j9L /sd c;"npk/ x'g'kg]{ eGg] b]lvPkl5 o:tf] sfo{nfO{ rf]/L eGg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !* ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

• o:t} k|s[ltsf] @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #*!%, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, u|f08 xf]6n k|f=ln= lj= xf]daxfb'/ v8\sf ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

!( df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#*%*, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, u0f]zaxfb'/ lj=s= lj= lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no jlb{of ;d]t

;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfbdf ;dfj]z ePsf] ;+j}wflgs jf sfg"gL k|Zg lg?k0f ug{ bfo/ ePsf] geO{ lghL xs k|rng u/fO kfpFm egL k/]sf] b]lvFbf lghL xs k|rng;DaGwL lgj]bgdf lgj]bsn] cbfntdf lgj]bg btf{ u/fO{ tf/]v u'hf/L j:5 eg] cbfntn] d2t ug{ g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

@) df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^@ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=*#*^, 3/ ef8f lbnfO{ 3/ vfnL u/fO{ kfpFm, nfnaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ lj= lgns'df/L pkfWofo e6[/fO{ Gofosf] dfGo l;4fGt tyf xfd|f] k|df0f sfg"gn] h'g s'/fsf] cl:tTjsf] af/]df cbfntnfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg k5{ To:tf] s'/fsf] k|df0f k'¥ofpg] ef/ lhsL/ lng] JolQmdf g} /xg] . cfkm\gf] xs gk'Ug] csf{sf] 3/ hUufdf k|ltjfbL /x] j;]sf] b]lvFbf jfbL bfjLadf]lhd 3/ vfnL u/fO{ rng kfpg] tyf jxfnsf ;DaGwdf jxfnsf] b//]6 zt{;DaGwL s'g} sfuh k|df0f jfbLn] k]z ug{ g;s]sf] l:yltdf ;f] xb;Dd bfjL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

@! df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^! ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#$!!, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t, nIdL jh|frfo{ lj= e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no nlntk'/ ;d]t Gofo ;Dkfbg ug]{ qmddf kl/0ffddf hlt ;'s} /fd|f] glthf lg:s] klg To;sf] Process df s'g} :ofgf] q'l6 /xg uof] eg] To;n] lg0f{osf] jhg z"Godf k'/fpFb5 . Gofo;Dkfbg ug]{ lgsfon] d'2fsf] sf/jfxLsf] l;nl;nfdf x/]s


30

Step Step df lgikIftf kf/blz{tf / completely lawful precedure sf] k|Tofe"lt lbg' kg]{ . k|:t't d'2fdf e"ld;'wf/ sfof{noaf6 ePsf] sfd sf/jfxLdf sfo{ljlwut kIfdf lgj]bsn] k|Zg p7fO;s]sL / p7fPsf] k|Zgdf jn k'Ug] l:ylt ljBdfg /x]sfn] o; l:yltdf Complete due process gckgfO{ ePsf] e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nosf] lg0f{on] j}wtf kfpg g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= % !

df=Gof=>L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L uf}/L 9sfn, @)^! ;fnsf] l/6 g+= ##*), pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, clt pNnfx ldof cG;f/L lj=jf/f lhNnf cbfnt ;d]t cfkm\g} sf/0fn] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t pkrf/sf] dfu{ cg'z/0f ug{ ljnDj u/]sf] cj:yfdf cbfntaf6 sfg"gadf]lhd ePsf] sfo{nfO{ ljnDj u/L k/]sf] l/6 If]qaf6 pkrf/ k|bfg ug{ gldNg] . lgj]bssf] gfddf tfd]n ePsf] Dofb c=j+= !!) g+= sf] /Lt k'uL lghsf] gfddf tfd]n ePsf] cj:yfdf Dofbleq k|ltjfb gu/L cbfntaf6 PstkmL{ km};nf ePsf]df c=j+= @)* g+= sf] j}slNks pkrf/sf] pkfo klg cjnDag gu/L ;f] Dofb u'hfl/;s]kl5 dfq l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ ePsf] b]lvFbf /Ltk"j{s tfd]n ePsf] Dofbdf lgh :jo+n] k|ltjfb gu/]af6 lghnfO{ ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf glbPsf] eGg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nL sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{g Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 * ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

@ df=Gof=>L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad, @)^%–CR– )@$@, ha/h:tL s/0fL, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= ;'/]z kl/of/ ha/h:tL s/0fL ePsf] eGg] tYonfO{ kLl8tsf] zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;d]tn] ;dy{g u/]sf] gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf ln+usf] :kz{nfO{ dfq cfwf/ dfg]/ ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] ck/fw dfGg] xf] eg] ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] pBf]usf] kl/efiff g} n'Kt e} ljwflosL p2]Zo g} ;dfKt x'g hfg] . of]gLdf ln+usf] cf+lzs k|j]z gePsf] cj:yfdf klg s/0fL u/]sf] 7x5{ eGg ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] ! g+= sf] kl/efiffaf6 gb]lvg] . Ohnf; clws[tM ;'bLk b+ufn sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn c;f]h @* ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

# df=Gof=>L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad, @)^%–CR– ))%*, ha/h:tL s/0fL, /fh]Gb| dxtf] sf]O/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ df}sfdf JoQm u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ h:tfsf] To:t} asL cbfntdf ;d]t askq u/L lbPsf] cj:yfdf lghsf] egfOnfO{ k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf !)-!_-s_ ad]lhd k|df0fdf u|fx\o x'g] . ;+/Ifssf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ sfsf h:tf] JolQmn] kLl8t jif{ $ sL cfkm\g} elthLnfO{ nnfO{ kmsfO{ ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] cj:yfdf xf8gftf s/0fLsf] dxnadf]lhd yk ;hfo u/]sf]nfO{ cGoyf eGg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM ;'bLk b+ufn sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn c;f]h @* ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

$ df=Gof=>L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad, @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= @&$#, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, bLks /fO{ lj= If]qLo k|x/L OsfO{ sfof{no jfudtL c~rn ;d]t


31

lgj]bsnfO{ j/fj/ cg'zf;gxLgtf u/]sf] egL sfg"gåf/f tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L k|x/L pk/LIfsaf6 cf/f]k / ;f]sf] cfwf/ ;d]t v'nfO{ klxnf] k6s :ki6Ls/0f dfu u/L lghsf] :ki6Ls/0f lrQ a'em\bf] gePsf] egL ;hfo ;d]t ls6fg u/L lgh} clwsf/Laf6 k'gM :ki6Ls/0f dfu u/]kl5 dfq gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] lg0f{o ePsf] ;DalGwt ;Ssn kmfOnaf6 b]lvPsfn] sfg"gadf]lhd gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg kfpg] clwsf/Laf6 ljlw;Ddt t/Lsfaf6 eP u/]sf] sf/jfxL lg0f{oaf6 lgj]bssf] ;+ljwfg k|bQ xsdf cf3ft k'u]sf] eGg / ;Demg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM xl/zrGb| Oªgfd sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{g Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 @$ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

% df=Gof=>L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^! ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=*@($, c+z btf{, lzjgfy ;fx sfg" lj= ljZjgfy ;fx sfg" df=Gof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxsf] /foM cbfntaf6 Ps k6s 6'ËL -Settle_ e};s]sf] d'2fsf] ljjfbsf] ljifo -Issue_ nfO{ k'gM Goflos lg/f]k0f ub}{ hfg] xf] eg] cgGtsfn;Dd klg cbfntaf6 d'2fsf] lsgf/f e} ljjfbsf] 6'+uf] nfUg g;Sg] . k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf km};nfkZrft\ jfbL bfjLadf]lhd c+z nfUg] hUufsf] a08f 5'6\ofpg] sfo{;DkGg eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] a08f 5'6\ofpg] sfo{ a]/Lt jf sfg"g ljk/Lt eP ;f] pk/ d'n'sL P]g c=j+= !& g+=Pj+ b08 ;hfosf] ̂ ! g+= ;d]tsf] k|lqmofadf]lhd ab/ u/fpg' kg]{ . df=Gof=e/t/fh pk|]tLsf] /foM z'? lhNnf cbfntsf km};nfpk/ k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgdf correctional jurisdiction ;d]t k|fKt k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt z'? cbfntn] Goflos lg?k0f ug{ 5'6fPsf] ljjflbt

ljifox¿;Fu cfj4 tYox¿ / ;DalGwt sfg"gsf] ljifodf k"0f{ 5nkmn u/L ljjfbsf] lgSof}{n ug'{kg]{ . jf:tjdf ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] clGtd JofVof ug]{, clen]v cbfnt -Court of Record_ sf] ?kdf /x]sf], dftxtsf cbfntaf6 eP ul/Psf sf/jfxL tyf lg0f{osf] ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt o; cbfntn] ljjfbsf kIfx¿n] k"0f{ Gofo k|fKt u/]sf] cg'e"lt k|fKt ug]{ u/L Gofo ;Dkfbg ug]{ ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gåf/f tf]lsPsf] st{Jo / lhDd]jf/Laf6 ljd'v /xg gx'g] . dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfxsf] /fo;Fu ;xdt x'g g;s]sfn] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #-!_-s_ adf]lhd k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM ufoqLk|;fb /]UdL Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; ! ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

^ df=Gof=>L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^%–CI–)*$^, k/dfb]z, /hfs ldofF lj=;'g;/L lhNnf cbfnt ;d]t clVtof/jfnfn] cg'dltsf] nflu lgj]bg k/]sf] cj:yfdf ;Dk"0f{ tYonfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L cg'dlt lbg x'G5 jf x'Fb}g egL lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . cg'dltsf] nflu lgj]bg kb}{df cg'dlt lbg} k5{ eGg] clgjfo{tf sfg"gn] gu/]sf] cj:yfdf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM ;'bLk b+ufn sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn sflQs !@ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= ^ !

df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^^–RC–))@^, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= dfgaxfb'/ 8fFuL


32

cleof]u dfu bfjLnfO{ hfx]/L b/vf:t 36gf:yn k|s[lt d'r'Nsf, nfz hfFr k|s[lt d'r'Nsf, df}sfdf j'lemPsf dflg;x¿n] ul/lbPsf] sfuh, Austopsy Report, hfx]/jfnfsf] jskq Pj+ k|ltjfbLsf] df}sf tyf cbfntsf] jofg ;d]taf6 ;dly{t eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf z'? lhNnf cbfntn] k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]u dfu bfjLadf]lhd d'n'sL P]g Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-#_ g+= adf]lhd ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}bsf] ;hfo x'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnof Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; @& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

@ df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^^–RC–))@&, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= v'zL/fd yf?

hfx]/L b/vf:t, k|ltjfbLsf] df}sf Pj+ cbfntsf] jofg, 36gf:yn nfz hfFr d'r'Nsf, 36gf ljj/0f sfuh ug]{ dflg;x¿sf] df}sfsf] egfO Pj+ cbfntsf] jskq ;d]tnfO{ d[tsx¿sf] zj k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgn] ;dy{g ul//x]sfn] k|ltjfbLn] cleof]u dfu bfjLadf]lhd cfkm\g} >LdtL / 5f]/LnfO{ wfl/nf] xltof/ j~r/f] k|xf/ u/L st{Jo u/L df/sf]] k|dfl0ft x'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnof sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; @& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

# df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^^–RC–))#!, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= >j0fs'df/ rf}w/L

k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf !* adf]lhd xif'{sf] askq x'g g;s]sf] ePklg lgh ;f] sfd, 36gf jf cj:yf k|ToIf b]Vg] yfxf kfpg] JolQm x'g'sf] ;fy ;fy} ;f] sfd 36gf jf cj:yfaf6 kLl8t JolQm ;d]t ePsf] x'Fbf lghn] df}sfdf JoQm u/]sf] s'/f ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !) adf]lhd k|df0fdf lng'kg]{ g} x'Fbf o:tf] cj:yfdf

jf/bft ;dodf cfkm" cGoq ePsf] eGg] k|ltjfbLsf] lhsL/;Fu ;xdt x'g g;lsg] . Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnof sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; @& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

$ df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^^–RC–))#$, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= b]jL lu/L

d[To'sf] sf/0f ;DaGwdf zj k/LIf0f ubf{ sf/0f v'nfPsf] ge} le;]/f k|ltj]bg hfFrsf] nflu k7fPsf] eP klg To;af6 ;d]t d[To'sf] sf/0f v'nfpg g;s]sf] eP klg ;+nUg k|df0fx¿ j/fdbL d'r'Nsf, df}sfdf sfuh ug]{ dflg;x¿n] cbfntdf ;d]t cfO{ ul/lbPsf] askq ;d]taf6 k|ltjfbLsf] df}sfsf] ;fljtL jofgnfO{ ;dy{g ul//x]sf] b]lvPsf]n] k|ltjfbL lgbf]{if /x]sf] dfGg g;lsg] . Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnof sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; @& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

% df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^^–RC–))##, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= df]t] ;'gf/

d[tsnfO{ k|ltjfbLn] s'6kL6 u/L df/]sf] b]Vg] k|ToIfbzL{ ;fIfLsf] cefj eP klg d[tssf] nfz j/fdb ePsf] :yfg, lghsf] zj k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg, hfx]/jfnf nufot df}sfdf sfuh ul/lbg] dflg;x¿sf] egfO Pj+ lghx¿n] cbfntdf pkl:yt eO{ ul/lbPsf] jskq, d[ts / k|ltjfbL >Ldfg >LdtL aLr emu8f eO/xg] x'Fbf k"j{ l/;OjL /x]sf] eGg] h:tf kl/l:ylthGo k|df0fx¿n] k|ltjfbLsf] df}sfsf] ;fljtL jofgnfO{ ;dy{g ul/lbO/x]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltjfbL lgbf]{if /x]5g eGg g;lsg] . Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnof Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; @& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .


33

o:t} k|s[ltsf] @)^^–RC–))#@, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= ltnsaxfb'/ k'g ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

^ df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^% ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=CI–)$)$, c+z bkf]6, df]xDdb hldn vfF lj= lbJo/Tg jh|frfo{

c+za08fsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ bfobftL lbg'kg]{n] tfobftL lbFbf cfkm\gf] lhDdfsf] j08f ug'{kg]{ rn crn C0f wg >L;DklQsf] tfobftL lbg'kg]{df k|:t't d'2fdf k|ltjfbLn] cfkm"n] hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ k|fKt u/L g;s]sf] ;DklQsf] tfobftL k]z gub}{df lghn] pQm ;DklQ bjfpg l5kfpgs} nflu k]z gu/]sf] xf] eGg] cy{ u/L bkf]6 7x/ ug'{ Gofosf] l;4fGt ljk/Lt x'g hfg] . Ohnf; clws[tM ef]nfgfy 9sfn sDKo'6/M wgaxfb'/ u'?ª Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ @$ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

& df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^# ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=*)@, ck'tfnL xs sfod btf{ ab/, v8\uaxfb'/ ;f? du/ lj= hLjnfn ;f? du/ ;d]t

d'n'sL P]g ck'tfnL dxnsf] ^ g+= n] ;uf]nd} /x] ePsf cj:yfdf s'g} c+lzof/sf] d[To' ePdf jfFsL ;uf]ns} c+lzof/n] ck'tfnL kfpg] / cl3 leGg ePsfn] gkfpg] :ki6 Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOFbf @)@@ ;fndf g} leGg eO;s]sf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] jfj' cfdfsf] efusf] bfjLsf] ls=g+= sf hUufaf6 ck'tfnL gkfpg] . Ohnf; clws[tM ef]nfgfy 9sfn sDKo'6/M wgaxfb'/ u'?ª Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ @$ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

* df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{, @)^@ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= #%!$, @)^#–CR–)#*^,

st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= v]daxfb'/ k'g ;d]t hfx]/jfnL k|ToIfbzL{ ;fIfL gePsf] / lghn] eg]sf] ;'g]sf] cfwf/df z+sf Pj+ cg'dfg u/L lbPsf] b]lvFbf lghsf] egfOn] k|dfl0fs :yfg u|x0f ug{ g;Sg] .

k|ltjfbLx¿ cf/f]lkt s;"/ u/]sf]df df}sf Pj+ cbfnt b'j} 7fpFdf k"0f{tM OGsf/ b]lvG5g\ . d[tsnfO{ st{Jo u/L dfg{df k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;+nUgtf lyof] egL s;}n] kf]n ph"/ ug{ g;s]sf], k|ltjfbLx¿n] d[tsnfO{ dfg'{kg]{;Ddsf] k"j{ l/;OjL dg;fo /x] ePsf] eGg] slxFst}af6 b]lvg cfPsf] klg kfOb}g . o;/L jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|ltjfbLx¿ dfly nufPsf] cleof]u bfjL ljZj;gLo / e/kbf]{ k|df0faf6 k'li6 ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] ;kmfO{ lbPsf] km};nf kl/jt{g ul//xg' gkg]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnof sDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 !( ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

( df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{, @)^#–WO–)%#*, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, ls;'g rf}w/L lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

Psfsf] gfddf ;|]:tf sfod /x]sf] cj:yfdf ljlwjt ?kdf ;|]:tf sfod ePsf] hUufwgLnfO{ p;sf] xs :jfldTj af/] cfkm\gf] s'/f /fVg] cj;/ g} glbO{ ;fDklQs clwsf/af6 jl~rt ug]{ u/L l8lehg ;8s sfof{no ;d]taf6 ePsf] lg0f{o k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGt ljk/Lt b]lvFbf pQm lg0f{on] sfg"gL dfGotf k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM ;'bLk b+ufn sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; @ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .


34

!) df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad, @)^$–RC–)@&^, )@%@, )@%*, nfu" cf}ifw v}/f] x]/f]Og, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= /fh dxh{g, k|lj0fs'df/ ltjf/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/, /fdbLk dxtf] lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

k|ltjfbLsf] ;fyaf6 nfu" cf}ifw j/fdb gePsf], nfu" cf}ifw ljqmL ub}{ ubf{ kqmfp k/]sf] eGg] gb]lvPsf] / 9s t/fh' ;fyaf6 j/fdb x'g' cfkm}df nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## cGtu{tsf] k|ltjlGwt s;"/ dfGg g;lsg] . Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnof sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !@ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!! df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad, @)^#–CR–)%%@, st{Jo Hofg, ch'{gs'df/ e6[/fO{ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

;+nUg k|df0fx¿, hfx]/L b/vf:t, df}sfdf sfuh ug]{ dflg;x¿sf] egfO, zj k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg, ;fIfLsf] jskq, d[tssf] /]s8{ ul/Psf] egfOaf6 k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] df}sfsf] jofgnfO{ ;dy{g ul//x]sf] x'Fbf d[tsn] :jo+ cfkm\gf] z/L/df cfuf] nufPsf] geO{ k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] g} lghnfO{ s'6kL6 u/L j]xf; ePkl5 lghsf] z/L/df cfuf] nufO{ lbPsf] eGg] tYo :yflkt ePsf]n] k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL lgbf]{if /x]5g egL dfGg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnof sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !@ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!@ df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad, @)^$–CR–))^&, nfu" cf}ifw, Zofd j0f{jfn lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

h'g tYonfO{ k'g/fj]bsn] v08g u/L cfkm\gf] lgbf]{liftfsf] k|df0f k]z ug{ ;s]sf] kfOb}g . o;/L ;dfg p2]Zon] lgb]{lzt eP/ ;fy}

sfo{ ul//x]sf] eGg] b]lvO/x]sf] l:yltdf d]/f] ;fyaf6 nfu" cf}ifw j/fdb gePsf] x'Fbf lgbf]{if 5' eGg] lhsL/;Fu ;xdt x'g g;lsg] . Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnof sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !@ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!# df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj, @)^! ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #)@&, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, xf]6n Pe/]i6 OG6/g]zgn ln= lj= >d cbfnt ;d]t

>d P]gn] ;d]t ;]jf ;'/Iff k|bfg u/]sf] :yfoL sd{rf/LnfO{ cjsfz lbFbf ;f]xL P]gadf]lhdsf] k|lqmof ;d]t gckgfO{ lgj]bs / eQmaxfb'/ aLr ePsf] declaration nfO{ cfwf/ dfGg ldn]g . s/f/sf] zt{nfO{ 6]s]/ l;+uf] P]gnfO{ lg:t]h ug{ gldNg] .

sfg"gadf]lhd cd's sfo{ u/]afkt /Lt k'¥ofO{ sf/jfxL gu/L declaration sf] k|Tofe"ltnfO{ OGsf/ u/L cjsfz lbg] u/sf]] sfo{ sfg"g;+ut gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf ;f] lg0f{o pk/ eQmaxfb'/n] >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf ^) adf]lhd >d cbfntdf lbPsf] k'g/fj]bg nfUg ;Sg] g} b]lvof] . o;/L sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] k|lqmofadf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;'gL >d cbfntaf6 lg0f{o ePsf] cj:yfdf pQm lg0f{o clwsf/If]qljxLg ePsf] eGg] lhsL/ ;d]t o'lQm;+ut gb]lvg] . Ohnf; clws[tM ;'lbk b+ufn sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; & ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+=&

! df=Gof=>L uf}/L 9sfn / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad, @)%( ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=*!&*, lg0f{o btf{ ab/ ;d]t, hLtaxfb'/ >]i7 lj= r}geQm hf]zL


35

3/;f/sf] lnvtnfO{ hfn;fh egL jofg u/]tfklg ;f]df nfu]sf] sfl/0fLsf] NofKr]nfO{ cGoyf eGg g;sL :jLsf/ u/]sf] lj/f]wfefifo'Qm jofgsf cfwf/df ;f] lnvtnfO{ hfn;fh eGg g;lsg] .

cfkm\gf] xs g} gk'Ug] hUufdf lnPsf] bfjLsf cfwf/df dfq ljjflbt 3/hUufdf xs sfod x'g g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM xl//fh sfsL{ Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ d+l;/ @ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

@ df=Gof=>L uf}/L 9sfn / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^) ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+=))@%, Ifltk"lt{, j}s'07 bfxfn lj= hogf/fo0f g]kfn ;d]t

y'gfdf j:bf s'6kL6 jf zf/Ll/s oftgf lbP dfq oftgf x'g] xf]Og . y'gfdf a:g] sfo{af6 :jefljs ?kdf g} dflg;s oftgf x'g] x'Fbf jfbLnfO{ P3f/ lbg;Dd u}/sfg"gL ?kdf lx/f;tdf gh/jGb u/L /fVg] sfo{af6 :jtM oftgf lbPsf] k'li6 x'Fbf lgj]bsn] gh/jGbdf a:bfsf] cjlwsf] Ifltk"lt{ dfu u/]sf]] ;DaGwdf oftgf;DaGwL Ifltk"lt{ P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf * adf]lhd kLl8t JolQmnfO{ kg{ uPsf] zf/Ll/s dfgl;s kL8f / To;sf] uDeL/tfnfO{ ljrf/ u/L lghn] Ifltk"lt{ gkfpg] eGg gldNg] .

s]jn y'gfdf /fVg'kg]{ plrt / kof{Kt sf/0f gv'nfPsf], sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ y'gfdf /fv]sf] gb]lvPsf] egL aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L ePsf] cj:yf b]lvP klg clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] cfkm"nfO{ lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L y'gfdf /fv]sf] sfo{af6 ljefuLo sf/jfxL / ;hfo ug'{kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf x'g g;Sg] .

Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nL sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{g Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ df3 @^ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

# df=Gof=>L uf}/L 9sfn / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^) ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=($)&, c+z btf{, hd'gLb]jL gfos ;d]t lj= /fdrGb| gfos

z'? cbfntaf6 tfobftL k]z ug]{ cfb]z x'Fbf k|ltjfbLx¿n] jfbLsL kTgL egL ls/0fb]jL gfd btf{sf] ljjflbt ls=g+= @^! sf] hUuf ;d]t c+z xs nfUg] xf] egL pNn]v u/]sf]df z'? lhNnf cbfntsf] cfb]zfg';f/ lgh ls/0fb]jLnfO{ c=j+= !#( g+= adf]lhd lemsfO{ tf/]vdf /fv]sf];Dd b]lvFbf lghn] jfbLsf] >LdtL x'F egL z'? cbfntdf jofg u/]sf] eO{ ldl;n k|df0faf6 lgh ls/0fb]jL jfbLsf] xfFufsf] c+lzof/ kTgL b]lvg cfPsf] / k|ltjfbLsf] 5f]/f j'xf/L / efph' gftfsf] JolQm b]lvg cfPsf] cj:yf x'Fbf c+za08fsf] dxnsf] ! g+= sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhd k|ltjfbL;/xsf lho lho}sf] c+z ug'{kg]{ d"n c+lzof/ x'g eGg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM xl//fh sfsL{ Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ d+l;/ @* ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

o;} nufpsf] @)^! ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=*^^#, *^^$, js;kq btf{ ab/ btf{, hd'gLb]jL gfos ;d]t lj= /fdrGb| gfos ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

Ohnf; g+=*

!

df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^^ ;fnsf] WO–)#!$, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, /fh' zfxL lj= lbjfs/ zfxL ;d]t

;'g'jfOsf] df}sf kfP/ klg k|ltjfb gu/]s} sf/0f ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf g} kfPg eGg gldNg] .

lhNnf cbfntaf6 c+z d'2fdf hf/L eO{ tfd]n ePsf] Dofb ;d]taf6 lgj]lbsfn] ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf k|fKt ul/;s]sf] b]lvFbf k|fs[lts Gofosf] pNn+3g jf pk]Iff ePsf]


36

gb]lvg'sf ;fy} sfg"gadf]lhd ePsf] sfd sf/jfxLaf6 oL lgj]lbsfsf] sfg"gL ;+j}wflgs xs dfly cf3ft ePsf] cj:yf ;d]t gb]lvFbf dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM lzjk|;fb vgfn sDKo'6/M wgaxfb'/ u'?ª Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}q !# ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

@ df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^$ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–)^((, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t, ;d|f6 t'Djfxfª\km] lj= dsjfgk'/ lhNnf cbfnt ;d]t

lgj]bssf gfddf hf/L eO{ tfd]n ePsf] elgPsf] plNnlvt Dofbdf jfj'sf] gfd km/s k/]sf], tfd]n ePsf] ldlt, 7fpF / k|lqmof :ki6 gePsf] tyf tfd]nbf/sf] gfd klg :ki6 pNn]v gePaf6 pQm Dofb d'n'sL P]g c=j+= !!) g+= sf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L hf/L / tfd]n ePsf] eGg gldNg] .

sfg"gn] Joj:yf u/]sf] /Lt / k|lqmof k"/f u/L låljwf/lxt ?kdf Dofb tfd]n ePdfq k|ltjfbLn] k|ltjfb ug{ df}sf kfPsf] dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . sfg"gsf] /Lt / k|lqmof gk'¥ofO{ tfd]n ePsf] Dofbaf6 k|ltjfb ug]{ df}sf kfPsf] eGg gldNg] .

j]/Ltsf] tfd]nL Dofbsf] cfwf/df ePsf] n]gb]g d'2fsf] km};nf / ;f] km};nf sfof{Gjog ;d]tsf ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfxL sfg"g ljk/Lt eO{ sfod /xg g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM lzjk|;fb vgfn sDKo'6/M wgaxfb'/ u'?ª Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}q !# ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

# df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj, @)^% ;fnsf] CR–)^@#, hfn;fhL, b]jsnf v/]n lj= s'ds'df/L v/]n ;d]t

sfg"gn] gful/stf k|df0fkq lnPs} lbg c+z lng] ;d]tsf sfo{ ug{ gldNg] egL lgif]w u/]sf] b]lvb}g . dfnkf]t sfof{nosf sfg"gn] clVtof/ lbPsf clwsf/L;dIf ePsf] n]gb]gnfO{ cGoyf eGg ;lsg] cj:yf gb]lvg] .

5f]/L ;+/Ifs a;L c+zafkt gub} n]gb]g u/L lnvt kfl/t ePsf] cj:yfdf ltg} 5f]/Lsf] 5f]/L ;+/Ifs jgL dfnkf]t sfof{nosf dfnkf]t clwsf/L;dIf ePsf] lnvtnfO{ cfkm\gf] dg kl/jt{g ePsf] j]nf hfn;fhL lnvtsf] bfjL ug'{ sfg"g;Ddt gx'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM /fhg jf:tf]nf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}q !# ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ . o;} nufpsf lgDg d'2fx¿df o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf 5g\M

@)^% ;fnsf] CR–)&$), lg0f{o btf{ ab/ ck'tfnL xs sfod, b]jsnf v/]n lj= s'ds'df/L v/]n ;d]t

@)^% ;fnsf] CR–)&#(, lnvt ab/, b]jsnf v/]n lj= s'ds'df/L v/]n

@)^% ;fnsf] CR–)&#*, c+z, b]jsnf v/]n lj= s'ds'df/L v/]n ;d]t

$ df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L lu/LzrGb| nfn, @)^# ;fnsf] CI–)$^$, as;kq lnvt btf{ ab/, jfns'df/L clx/ ;d]t lj= ;l/tfs'df/L clx/gL ;d]t

k'g/fj]bsx¿ Pscfk;df @)%^ ;fnd} 5'l6 leGg e};s]sf] eGg / dfGg ;lsg] cj:yf ;d]t gb]lvPaf6 ljjflbt ;DklQdf jfbLx¿sf] c+z xs lgxLt g/x]sf] eGg ldNg] cj:yf ePg . bfjLsf] js;kqsf] ;DklQdf @ efusf] ! efu dWo]af6 ^ efusf] # efudf jfbLx¿sf] c+z xs /x]sf] b]lvof] . ctM pQm hUufdf jfbLx¿sf] xs k'Ug] xf]Og eGg] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/;Fu ;xdt x'g g;lsg] . Ohnf; clws[tM xl//fh sfsL{ Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; @@ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .


37

o;} nufpsf lgDg d'2fx¿df o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf 5g\M

@)^# ;fnsf] CI–)$^%, js;kq lnvt btf{ ab/, jfns'df/L clx/ ;d]t lj= ;l/tfs'df/L clx/gL ;d]t

@)^# ;fnsf] CI–)$^^, c+z gfd;f/L, jfns'df/L clx/ ;d]t lj= ;l/tfs'df/L clx/gL ;d]t

Ohnf; g= ( !

df=Gof=>L /fh]Gb|k|;fb sf]O/fnf / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad, @)%( ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= (*&), btf{ ab/ lvrf]nf d]6fO{ xs sfod, gSsnL dxh{g lj=kbd s]z/L >]i7 ;d]t

k|ltjfbLsf klt lktfn] @))* ;fndf c+za08faf6 k|fKt u/]sf] lghs} gfddf ;e]{ gfkLdf gfk hfFr ePsf], df]xLdf gfkLs} ;dob]lv dvgaxfb'/ dxh{g hlgPsf], @))* ;fnsf] a08fkqdf plNnlvt lsNnf / cbfntaf6 ePsf] gS;fdf b]lvPsf] lsNnf Pscfk;df ldn] le8]sf] b]lvPsf], k|ltjfbLsf] ef]u @))* ;fnb]lv g} lg/Gt/ /xL s]xL hUufdf 3/ 6x/f lgdf{0f u/L ef8fdf ;d]t lbPsf], ;f=ls=g+= !& s} hUufdf k|ltjfbLx¿n] agfPsf] 3/ 6x/fnfO{ jfbLn] cGoyf eGg g;s]sf], jfbLs} h]7f 5f]/fn] ljjflbt hUufdf s'g} ;/f]sf/ / ;DaGw g} g/x]sf] egL o; cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPsf] / jfbL :jo+n] e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nodf bfjLsf] hUufdf cfkm\gf] hf]tef]u / ;/f]sf/ gePsf] egL k]z u/]sf] lnlvt jofgnfO{ o; cbfntaf6 c=j+= &* g+= adf]lhd jofg u/fpFbf cGoyf eGg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf bfjLsf] hUuf;Fu rf/ lsNnf gle8\g] / df]xL ;d]t cs}{ JolQm eGg] b]lvg] @))( ;fnsf] nutsf] cfwf/ dfqn] jfbLsf] bfjL k'li6 x'g g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM bLkss'df/ bfxfn Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; @& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

o;} nufpsf lgDg d'2fx¿df o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf 5g\M

@)^! ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= (*&@, km};nf ab/, gSsnL dxh{g lj=cfzfdfof dxh{g

@)^! ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= (*&!, gfd;f/L km};nf ab/, gSsnL dxh{g lj=cfzfdfof dxh{g ;d]t

@)^! ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= (*&#, a08fkq btf{ ab/, gSsnL dxh{g lj=kbds]z/L >]i7 ;d]t

@ df=Gof=>L /fh]Gb|k|;fb sf]O/fnf / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^! ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= (!$^, xs sfod ;d]t, 1fgdlt clx/gL lj= d}gfb]jL ofbj ;d]t Zofdb'nf/Lsf] ;d]t d[To' ePkl5 z]ifkl5sf] as;kq k|fKt ug]{ /fdlj;'g / Zofdb'nf/Lsf] 5f]/L 1fgdltn] d'2f ;sf/ u/]sf]df b'n/fh / lghsf] >LdtL hLljt /x]s} cj:yfdf cfkm\gf] xs lx:;fsf] ;DklQ vfg kfpg] u/L /fdlj;'gnfO{ as;kq kfl/t u/L lbPsf]df b'n/fhsf] d[To' ePkl5 pQm lnvt ab/tkm{ Zofdb'nf/Ln] s'g} sf/jfxL rnfPsf] b]lvPg . ;fy} ;f] as;kqsf] lnvtsf] cl:tTjnfO{ :jLsf/]sL / lgh Zofdb'nf/Lsf] klg d[To' eO;s]sfn] ;f] as;kq ;b/ x'g] 7x/]sf] ;d]t cfwf/df b'n/fh Pj+ Zofdb'nf/Lsf] z]ifkl5 lghx¿sf] c+z xs ;DklQdf as;kq k|fKt ug]{ k'g/fj]bs /fdlj;'g ofbjsf] xs :yflkt x'g] e} tLg efusf] Ps efudf lghsf] xs sfod e} ck'tfnL k|fKt x'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM v8\uaxfb'/ >]i7 Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ @( ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

# df=Gof=>L /fh]Gb|k|;fb sf]O/fnf / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^# ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= !)^&, ck'tfnL, d}gfb]jL ofbj ;d]t lj= ;j{tL ofbj


38

ck'tfnL k|fKt ug{ hf] d/L ck'tfnL k/]sf] xf] ;f] JolQmsf] gfpFdf ;DklQ g} x'g'k5{ jf lgh 5'l6[ leGg x'g'k5{ eg]/ JofVof ug'{ Gofo;+ut gx'g] . ;DklQdf k|s6 dfq xf]Og cGt/e"t clwsf/ klg /xG5 . cGt/e"t clwsf/n] klg k|s6 clwsf/ ;/xs} sfg"gL x}l;ot /fVb5 . ;DklQ s'g} Ps JolQmsf] gfddf x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ Tof] k|s6 JolQmdfq ;f] ;DklQsf] dflns xf] eGg] x'Fb}g . Tof] ;DklQdf cGo ;uf]nsf c+lzof/ xsjfnf ;d]t cGt/\e"t clwsf/jfnfsf] xs /xG5 . ck'tfnL klg o:t} ;fDklQs xs xf] . sf]xL JolQm db}{df ;DklQ db}{g, ;DklQdf /x]sf] xs nf]k gx'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM v8\uaxfb'/ >]i7 Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ @( ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ . o;} nufpsf lgDg d'2fx¿df o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf 5g\M

@)^) ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=*&)&, as;kq ab/, d}gfb]jL ofbj ;d]t lj= /fdlj;'g ofbj

@)^) ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=#@&@, sLt]{ hfn;fhL, d}gfb]jL ofbj ;d]t lj= nlnt ofbj ;d]t

$ df=Gof=>L /fh]Gb|k|;fb sf]O/fnf / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^! ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #$^%, pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z, d}gfb]jL ofbj ;d]t lj= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt a'6jn ;d]t a08f 5'6\ofpFbfsf] qmddf 8f]/df pkl:yt x'gsf nflu lgj]bs ;d]tnfO{ tfl/v tf]s]sf] cj:yfdf /f]xj/df lgj]bsx¿ pkl:yt gePsf], tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf pkl:yt gx'g'sf] nfe lgj]bs kIfn] lng kfpg] b]lvFb}g . ;kmf / z'4 xft glnO{ cbfnt k|j]z ug]{ lgj]bg ljrf/0fLo x'Fb}g . ls=g+= @#&* sf] tkm{ ldn]g egL lgj]bg lbPsf]df ;f] lsQf g+= sfod gePsf] sf/0faf6 d'r'Nsf ab/ gePsf] l:ylt klg b]lvPsf] 5 . cToGt uDeL/ sfg"gL q'l6 geO{ cbfntsf]

km};nfadf]lhd eP u/]sf] sfd s'/f pk/ l/6 If]qaf6 x:tIf]k ug{ pko'Qm gx'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM v8\uaxfb'/ >]i7 Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ @( ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= !)

! df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= )&)&, lvrf]nf xs sfod, sljk|;fb ltldN;Lgf lj= /fds[i0f nfld5fg] ;d]t gfkL zfvfaf6 lsQfsf6 ;d]t eO;s]sf] Kn6 /lhi6«/ ptf/af6 k'i6\ofO{ ;d]t ePsf]df k'g/fj]bs jfbL / ;/:jtL dfWolds ljBfnosf] gfpFdf sfod eO;s]sf] btf{sf] hUufdf Ps k6s dfnkf]t sfof{non] u/]sf] lg0f{onfO{ ;f]xL sfof{noaf6 lagfcfwf/ k|df0f cGoyf ug'{ Gofo;Ddt dfGg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e6[/fO{ sDKo'6/M zDe'k|;fb zfx Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t !^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

@ df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf, @)^^–CR–)$#, xftxltof/ v/vhfgf lnO{ efu]sf], jL/axfb'/ rGb lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ Ps k6s efuL kqmfp k/L uf/bdf /flvPsf] cj:yfdf ;fFem jQL uPsf] ;dodf l8p6Ldf /x]sf ;z:q k|x/L hjfgsf] ;xof]u lnO{ /ftsf] df}sf kf/L k'gM efu]sf] b]lvPsfn] lghn] hfgL hfgL lgotj; g} xftxltof/ v/vhfgf lnO{ efUg] h:tf] uEeL/ k|s[ltsf] s;"/ u/]sf] b]lvg] .

pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf ;j} Jo:t ePsf] jQL gePsf] /ftLsf] s/Lj @!M%) jh]sf] ;dodf k|ltjfbL efuL uPsf] / lgh /f}tx6 hfg nfUbf kf]v/f ;efu[x rf]sdf kqmfp k/L lghn] /S;Lsf] ;'/df dfgl;s ljlIfKttf eO{ ;f] 36gf


39

u/fPsf] eGg] s'/f;Fu ;xdt x'g ;lsPg . jf/bftsf] k|s[lt x]bf{ klg k|ltjfbLn] uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] s;"/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] cleof]u bfjLaf6 lghn] pGd'lQm kfpg g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM p4j uh'/]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g @^ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\

# df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf, @)^% ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=)^$%, df]xL k|df0fkq, uf]kfneQm dfy]df lj= /fdk'hg ofbj jf:tljs ?kdf cfkm\gf] >daf6 v]tL ls;fgL u/L df]xLsf] x}l;otdf hUuf sdfpg] JolQmn] nut eg{ 5"6 ePs} cfwf/df lghnfO{ df]xL xsaf6 ljd'v u/fpg gldNg] . btf{ ;|]:tfsf sfuhft lkmN8j's tyf :jo+ df]xLsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ u/L s'tafnL j'emL e/kfO{ u/L lbPsf] cj:yfdf nut e/L cg';"rL k|sflzt gePsf] eGg] cfwf/df dfq sfod /x]sf] df]xL xs ;dfKt ug{ sfg"gn] cfTd;ft u/]sf] efjgf tyf p2]Zo ljk/Lt x'g] x'Fbf o'lQm;+ut gb]lvg] . Ohnf; clws[tM rGb|k|sfz ltjf/L Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !$ ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\

$ df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=!)*#, s't df]xL, df]xg d'lvof ljg lj= cd/s'df/ snjf/ df]xL nfu]sf] hUufdf ljlwjt ?kdf sfod /x]sf] df]xLnfO{ lghn] sdfO{ cfPsf] hUufdf lghsf] sfod /x]sf] d]lxofgL xs ;dfKt ug{ e"ld ;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] rf}yf] ;+zf]wg @)%# nfu" ePkZrft\ afnL ga'emfPsf] eGg] cfwf/df sfg"gtM gldNg] .

sfg"gsf] cfwf/df :jfldTj :yflkt e};s]sf] df]xLnfO{ P]gsf] dg;fo ljk/Lt ;f] :jfldTjaf6 jl~rt ug{ gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM rGb|k|sfz ltjf/L Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !$ ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\

% df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf, @)^# ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=)&@(, df]xL nut s6[f, s}nf;k|;fb zfx lj= k|bLk ;'8L jf:tljs ?kdf v]tL ls;fgL u/L df]xLsf] x}l;otdf hUuf sdfpg] JolQmsf] df]xL xs nut eg{ 5'6 ePsf] eGg] Ps dfq cfwf/df cfkm\gf] xs u'Dg g;Sg] . btf{ ;|]:tfsf sfuhft lkmN8j's tyf :jo+ df]xLsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ u/L s'tafnL j'emL e/kfO{ u/L lbPsf] cj:yfdf nut e/L cg';"rLdf k|sflzt gePsf] eGg] cfwf/df dfq sfod /x]sf] df]xL xs ;dfKt ug{ sfg"g tyf Gofosf] /f]xdf o'lQm;+ut gb]lvg] . k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] cfkm\gf btf{ ;|]:tfsf] sfuhftdf pNn]v e} hlgPsf] df]xLsf] cl:tTj :jLsf/ u/L df]xLsf] x}l;otdf k|ltjfbLn] a'emfPsf] s't afnL ;d]t j'emL e/kfO{ ul/lbPsf] cj:yfdf ;fdfGo k|lqmofut q'l6sf cfwf/ sf/0fn] dfq cGo k|df0fsf] dxTjnfO{ OGsf/ u/L df]xL nut s6[f ug{ gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM rGb|k|sfz ltjf/L sDKo'6/M zDe'k|;fb ;fx Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !$ ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\

o:t} k|s[ltsf] @)^# ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=)&#), df]xL k|df0f kq kfpFm, s}nf;k|;fb zfx lj= k|bLk ;'8L ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

^ df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=)*$!, kbflwsf/ ;dfKt ug]{ ;DaGwdf, /fdcflzif dxtf] lj= lhNnf lzIff sfof{no wgs'6f ;d]t

z'? lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] lg0f{o ;b/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] lg0f{o pk/ Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@ adf]lhd d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g{sf nflu cg'dltsf] nflu lgj]bg ug'{kg]{df ;f]adf]lhd lgj]bg u/]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] z'?


40

lgsfosf] lg0f{o Pstx dflysf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ;b/ ePsf] cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg ;Sg] cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf gb]lvg] . Ohnf; clws[tM v8\uaxfb'/ >]i7 Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; #) ut] /f]h z'ed\

o;} nufpsf] @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=)*$@, k/dfb]z, /fdcflzif dxtf] lj= lhNnf lzIff sfof{no wgs'6f ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

& df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^! ;fnsf] l/6 g+=##*!, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, zflGt k|wfg lj=e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no sf7df8f}F ;d]t ;dfg c+lzof/x¿ aLr df]xL xssf] 3/ hUuf afF8kmfF8 ubf{ sfg"gadf]lhd kfl/t a08fkqcg';f/ cnu cnu df]xL xssf] k|df0fkq k|fKt u/L k[ys k[ys :yfgdf cl:tTjdf :yflkt df]xLx¿nfO{ k'gM Pp6} :yfgdf ;dflji6 x'g] u/L lg0f{o ug'{ plrt gx'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM lzjk|;fb vgfn sDKo'6/M wgaxfb'/ u'?ª Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !) ut] /f]h @ z'ed\

* df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)%( ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#%%), pTk|]if0f ;d]t, bfdf]b/k|;fb k/fh'nLsf] d'=;=ug]{ dx]Gb|k|;fb k/fh'nL lj= dlGqkl/ifb ;lrjfno ;d]t Ps} ;dodf clwu|x0f ePsf lsQf gDj/sf hUuf s'g} hUufwgLn] a9L / s'g}n] sd kfpg] u/L lg0f{o x'g ;Sb}g / ;f] lg0f{o Gofof]lrt klg x'g ;Sb}g . o:tf tYosf s'/fx¿ nf]k u/L cfkm\gf] gfpFsf] hUuf cglws[t sAhfdf lnPsf] egL lgj]bg bfjL lnPsf] b]lvFbf lgj]bs ;kmf xft lnO{ cbfnt k|j]z u/]sf] eGg] gb]lvg] . lgj]bssf] a9L d'cfAhf kfpg] clenfiff /x]sf] cj:yf xf] eg] klg ;dfg cj:yfsf] sf/0fn]

cGo hUufwgL / lgj]bsaLr c;dfg Jojxf/ x'g] u/L lg0f{o ug{ gldNg] . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nut s6[f ug]{;DaGwL lg0f{o pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ e} hUufwgL sfod e} hUufwgL btf{ ;|]:tf k"hf{ sfod /x]sf] cj:yfdf hUufwgLnfO{ sfg"gadf]lhd d'cfJhf Ifltk"lt{ lbO{ hUuf clwu|x0f ug'{kg]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM rGb|k|sfz ltjf/L Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn k'; !$ ut] /f]h # z'ed\

( df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)%& ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#%%(, pTk|]if0f, dxfzlQm ;f]k P08 s]ldsn O086«Lh -k|f=_ ln= lj= d"No clej[l4 s/ sfof{no x]6f}F8f ;d]t Jofkf/ k|df]zgafkt ljqm]tf;Fu lnPsf] ?k}ofFnfO{ cfkm\gf] cfodf ghf]8]sf] sf/0f 36L ljqmL s/ sfod ePsf] cj:yfdf dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] ljefuaf6 j]?h' cf}NofOPsf] cfwf/df k'gM gk'u s/ bflvn ug{ pBf]unfO{ s/ clws[tn] kqfrf/ u/]sf] sfo{ ldn]s} b]lvg] . pBf]un] cfkm\gf pkef]Qmfx¿ jf l8n/x¿af6 lnPsf] /sdsf] lgodfg';f/ ltg'{kg]{ ljqmL s/ sd bflvnf u/]sf] sf/0faf6 s/ clws[tn] 5'6 x'g uPsf] ltg'{kg]{ s/ bflvn ug{ u/fpg ;Sg] g} b]lvof] eg] ;f] glt/]sf] sf/0faf6 dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] ljefun] j]?h' b]vfpg / n]vf k/LIf0f P]gcg';f/ c;"npk/ ug{ ;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM ef]nfgfy 9sfn sDKo'6/M wgaxfb'/ u'?ª Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ @@ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\

!) df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^! ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#$*#, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, s[i0faxfb'/ yfkf lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no ;d]t labf clwsf/ xf]Og eGg] sfg"gåf/f cjnlDjt ul/Psf] k|fjwfgdf ljjfb ul//xg


41

kg]{ b]lvb}g . t/ s;}sf] nflu clwsf/ ;/x ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ s;}sf] xsdf ;f]tkm{ cfslif{t ug]{ Jojwfg ;/x Jojxf/ ug]{nfO{ ;f] Joj:yf xf] egL sbflk dfGg ldNb}g / To:tf] sfo{nfO{ lgof]lht lje]bleq kg{ uO{ JolQm ljz]ifsf] ;+ljwfg k|bQ xssf] k|lts"n dfGg' kg]{ . s;}nfO{ pxL k|s[ltsf] 5fqj[lQdf ljBf cfh{g ug{ lglj{jfb df}sf k|bfg ug]{ / s;}nfO{ c+s'z nufO{ cfkm\gf] j[lQ ljsf;sf] cj;/af6 jl~rt ug]{ lg0f{onfO{ lje]bsf/Lsf] ;+1f lbO{ c;dfg Jojxf/ k|blz{t cfr/0f dfGg'kg]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM xl/ZrGb| Oªgfd sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{g Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 @^ ut] /f]h # z'ed\

!! df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)%( ;fnsf] l/6 g+= @&!#, pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z, pQd xdfn ;d]t lj= dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ;lrjfno ;d]t ljleGg k|zf;lgs lgsfoaf6 x'g] tf]s cfb]zsf e/df JolQmsf] xs :jfldTj tyf sfg"gL clwsf/sf] l;h{gf x'g g;Sg] ;j{ljlbt tYo ePsf]df @)@) ;fndf jg ;Ldfgf l8dfs]{;g leq k/]sf] tTsfn sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t pkrf/sf] cjnDag u/L xs k'gM :yflkt u/fpg' ;Sg'kg]{df cfkm\gf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jok|lt df}sfdf hfu?s jf ;r]i6 gePsf lgj]bsnfO{ cGttM cbfnt k|j]z u/]sf] b]lvFbf df}sfdf cfkm\gf] clwsf/ pkef]udf pbfl;gtf b]vfO{ j:g] lgj]bsx¿nfO{ @)@) ;fndf jg ;Ldfleq kf/]sf] hUuf ;DaGwdf @)%( ;fndf cfP/ pkrf/ k|bfg ug{ ljnDasf] l;4fGt ;d]tn] ;xof]u gug]{ x'Fbf c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]qsf] bfo/fleq ;dflxt u/L ;xof]u ug{ g;lsg] . Ohnf; clws[tM ef]nfgfy 9sfn sDKo'6/M wgaxfb'/ u'?ª Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ @! ut] /f]h ! z'ed\

!@ df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad / df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj, @)^) ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+=@((!, #$&&, hfn;fhL, pQd uf}rg ;d]t lj= xL/f uf}rg @)$& ;fndf kfl/t ePsf] /fhLgfdfnfO{ @)%! ;fndf lkm/fb lbO{ hfn;fhL 3f]lift ul/kfpFm egL lbPsf] lkm/fb tTsfn k|rlnt d'n'sL P]g sLt]{ sfuhsf] !* g+= cg';f/ sfd s'/f eP u/]sf ldltn] @ jif{leq bfo/ ePsf] ge} ;f] xbDofb gf3L bfo/ ePsfn] xbDofbsf] cefjdf jfbL bfjL vf/]h ug'{kg]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM ef]nfgfy 9sfn sDKo'6/M wgaxfb'/ u'?ª Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g !! ut] /f]h # z'ed\

o;} nufpsf] @)^) ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= *)*), c+z gfd;f/L, pQd uf}rg ;d]t lj= xL/f uf}rg ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

!# df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad / df=Gof=>L lu/LzrGb| nfn, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= )&#*, btf{ ab/ u/L ;fj{hlgs ul/kfpFm, kfj{tLb]jL >]i7 lj= lrGtfdl0f k/fh'nL ;d]t ;e]{ gfkL x'Fbfsf cj:yfdf ljjflbt hUufx¿ k|ltjfbLn] cfkm\gf] gfpFdf gfkL u/fpg 5"6 ePsf] eP hUuf gfk hfFr P]g, @)!( sf] bkmf ^-%_ sf] k|lqmof cjnDag u/L Dofbleq} sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{ . ljjflbt hUuf If]qLo lstfadf h+un hlgPsf] / gfkLsf cj:yfdf s'g} ljjfb ;d]t gePsf], hUuf gfk hfFr P]g, @)!( sf] bkmf ̂ -%_ sf] xbDofbleq ph"/ gu/]sf] / cfkm\gf] xssf] ;|f]t cyf{t\ @)#@ ;fnsf] /fhLgfdfsf] lnvt ;d]t k]z ug{ ;s]sf] gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf jg h+un hlgPsf] hUuf s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn]


42

l;kmfl/z u/]s} e/df JolQmsf] gfpFdf btf{ x'g g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM kml0fGb| k/fh'nL sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t @$ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!$ df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad / df=Gof=>L lu/LzrGb| nfn, @)^# ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= )*&^, bfOhf] lkmtf{ ul/kfpFm, ;/f]hf bfxfn lj= dl0f/fd 9sfn sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] alv{nfk x'g] u/L, u}/sfg"gL ?kn] bfOhf] lbPsf] xf]nf egL cGoyf k|dfl0ft geP;Dd bfOhf] lkmtf{ kfpFm eGg] gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] JolQmjfbL b]jfgL d'2fsf] ;Gbe{df ;d'lrt Pj+ sfg"g;Ddt x'g g;Sg] . P]gsf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L bfOhf] lnP lbPsf] eP ;f] s'/f ;fdflhs Jojxf/ ;'wf/ P]g, @)## cGtu{tsf] ck/fw 7x/ x'g'kg]{ / P]gcg';f/ g} sf/jfxL x'g'kg]{ ljifo x'g ;Sg] x'gfn] ;d]t ;f] /sd eGbf a9L bfOhf] lnP lbPsf] s'/f k|:t't d'2faf6 osLg ug{ g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM kml0fGb| k/fh'nL Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t @$ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!% df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^% ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )()(, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t, 5qdfg >]i7 lj= g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f s]=sf= ;d]t cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df jfx]s k'/fgf] ljlgodadf]lhd cÍ k|bfg ug{ gldNg] .

h'g lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 pkflw k|fKt u/]sf] 5 ;f]xL ;+:yfn] u|]l8ª u/L k|fKt cÍsf] cfwf/df >]0fL ljefhg u/L v'nfO{ /x]sf] cj:yfdf >]0fL gv'n]sf] egL eGg / dfGg gldNg] . sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] d"NofÍg u/L cÍ lbg] ePsfn] lghnfO{ lsg 36L cÍ k|bfg u/]sf] xf] egL l/6 If]qaf6 ljrf/ ug{ gldNg] .

o:t} k|s[ltsf] @)^% ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )@$!, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t, 5qdfg >]i7 lj= g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f s]=sf= ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nL sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{g Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t @% ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!^ df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^! ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= (##&, c+z, c;u/ vfF ;d]t lj=lhn]bf/ vfF sf] d'=;=ug]{ z]/dxdb vfF c+za08f eO;s]sf] eGg] tYoo'Qm ;a"b k|df0f j]u/ jfbL k|ltjfbL aLr c+z eO;s]sf] /x]5 egL cg'dfg ug{ gldNg] . ! g+= / & g+= kmf/fd hUufjfnfsf] x}l;otn] hUufsf] ljj/0f eg]{;Ddsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ePsf]n] pQm kmf/fd j]Unf j]Un} eb}{df c+z g} eO;s]sf] dfGg gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e6[/fO{ sDKo'6/M zDe'k|;fb zfx Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t !) ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!& df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ ad / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^# ;fnsf] @)^#–WO–#*$, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, b'vgLjtL b]jL lj= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt /fhlj/fh ;d]t l/6 lgj]bsn] g} cfkm"nfO{ lrQ gj'em]sf] e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nosf] lg0f{o pk/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg u/]sf] / ;f] lrQ gj'em]sf] lg0f{o ab/ ul/kfpFm egL e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nodf km};nf ab/ d'2f lbPsf] l/6 lgj]bg sygaf6} :ki6 ePsf] cj:yfdf o; cbfntsf] c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q cfslif{t x'g g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM >Lk|sfz pk|]tL sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn df3 !# ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .


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!* df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, @)^$ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= #!$$, e|i6frf/, wgk|;fb >]i7 lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!& sf] bkmf !@ adf]lhdsf] ck/fw x'g of]Uotf jf cof]Uotf 9fF6]sf]df To;af6 nfe lnO;s]sf] jf lng gkfPsf] jf glnO;s]sf]n] h] ;'s} eP klg kl/0ffdsf] s'g} c;/ gx'g] . cfkm"nfO{ kmfObf x'g] / ;+:yfnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL x'g] u/L gSsnL k|df0fkq k]z u/]sf] x'Fbf nfe glnO;s]sf] eGg] k|Zgn] s'g] cf}lrTotf k|fKt gug]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM ;'bLk b+ufn sDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn sflQs !) ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!( df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^) ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= (!$*, k/dfb]z lgif]wf1f, cfzfb]jL rf}w/L lj=e"b]a rf}w/L ;d]t k/dfb]z ldl>t lgif]wf1fsf] dfu u/L cfpFbf cfkm\gf] :ki6 sfg"gL xsflwsf/ ePsf] b]vfO{ To:tf] xsflwsf/df cf3ft ePsf] s'/f :yflkt ug{ ;Sg' kg]{ . lgj]lbsfsf] cfkm\gf] gfddf hUuf btf{ eO{ k|df0f k"hf{ k|fKt gu/]sf] l:yltdf lghsf] hUufdf xsflwsf/ l;h{gf x'g g;Sg] . sfg"gadf]lhd hUuf btf{ u/]sf jvt xs k|fKt JolQmn] sfg"gL pkrf/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] g} x'Fbf lgj]lbsfsf] dfuadf]lhd lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z hf/L ul//xg gkg]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nL sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{g Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t !& ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

@) df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^) ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=(##%, lg0f{o ab/

btf{ ul/kfpFm, k"0f{s'df/L j/fn If]qL lj= dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno ;d]t @)#! ;fnsf] gfkLdf klt{ hlgO{ gfk gS;f ePsf], ;f] s'/fdf df}s}df ph"/ gu/L kltsf] d[To'kZrft\ @)%& ;fndf dfq ljnDj u/L lkm/fb ug{ cfPsf], lkm/fbdf plNnlvt rf/ lsNnfleq jfbLsf] !$ w'/ hUuf cnUu} /x]sf] cbfntaf6 ePsf] gfk gS;fdf plNnlvt rf/ lsNnfaf6 k'li6 x'g g;s]sf] k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] cfkm\gf] hUuf oxL xf] egL ;a"b k|df0f;lxt eGg g;s]sf] hUufdf lghsf] xs k'u]sf] k|df0f k]z x'g gcfPsf], Pp6} ljjfbsf] ljifodf klxn] lhNnf cbfntdf lkm/fb u/]kl5 k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf lkm/fb bfo/ u/]sf], lg0f{o ab/ d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf lkm/fb ug'{kg]{ dgfl;j sf/0f b]vfpg g;s]sf] ;d]t cfwf/ / sf/0faf6 ljjflbt 3/ hUuf @)!) ;fndf gDj/L btf{sf] ljh d'7Lsf] l8xLsf] k'R5/ eGg] hUufsf] rf/ lsNnfleq eP u/]sf] gb]lvg] . Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nL sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{g Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t !& ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

@! df=Gof=>L lu/LzrGb| nfn / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= *&%&, n]gb]g, ;fx]j hfg ldof lj= x[bogf/fo0f k|;fb ;fx ;f]gf/

s'g} klg e/kfO{ lnvt tof/ ubf{ To;sf] nflu Go"gtd\ cfjZos s'/f eg]sf] s] slt /sd s] afkt j'em]sf] xf] ;f] k|i6 v'nfO{ /sd cÍ / cIf/ b'j}df pNn]v u/L e/kfO{ ul/lbg' kg]{ .

slt /sd C0f lbPsf] xf] < ;f]sf] s] slt /sd AofFh eof] / slt /sd jfbLn] a'em]sf] xf] eGg] cfjZos Go"gtd\ s'/fx¿ ;d]t pNn]v gu/L v8f ul/Psf] e/kfO{ lnvtnfO{ ljZj;gLo dfGg gldNg] .


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Pp6} lnvt k/LIf0f ug]{ b'O{ ljz]if1n] km/s km/s /fo lbP eg] Tof] cj:yfdf lg0f{odf k'Ugsf] nflu cbfntn] pQm ljjflbt lnvtdf k/]sf] b:tvt nufot cGo ldl;n ;+nUg sfuh k|df0fnfO{ x]g'{kg]{ .

kl5Nnf] k6s cbfntsf] cfb]zfg';f/ b:tvt k/LIf0f u/L k|fKt k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df ljjflbt b:tvt / gd"gf b:tvtx¿ Ps cfk;df ldNb}gg\ eGg] k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePsf] / gf+uf] cfFvfn] x]bf{ ;d]t pQm ljjflbt b:tvt / gd"gfsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/Psf b:tvt Pscfk;df k"0f{ ?kdf ldn]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] k|ltjfbLaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf] ekf{O ljZj;gLo Pj+ k|dfl0ft gb]lvPsf]n] jfbLn] cfkm"n] k|ltjfbLaf6 kfpg' kg]{ ;fFjf JofFhsf] /sd klxn] g} e/kfO{ u/L lnO;s]sf] b]lvg gcfpg] . Ohnf; clws[tM ljdn kf}8]n Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t !( ut] /f]h % z'ed\

@@ df=Gof=>L lu/LzrGb| nfn / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, @)^! ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= *&)^, n]gb]g, /fh]zs'df/ b]j] lj=df]xgk|;fb yf? ljjflbt lnvt g} sLt]{ 7x/L lgliqmo eO;s]sf] l:yltdf ;fFjf Jofh el/kfpFm eGg] jfbL bfjL Pj+ k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ dgfl;j gb]lvg] . Ohnf; clws[tM bLks 9sfn Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t @# ut] /f]h @ z'ed\

Psn Ohnf;

! df=Gof= >L k|sfz j:tL, @)^^–WO-)*&$, pTk]|if0f k/dfb]z, jf;'b]j jfUn] lj=u'7L ;+:yfg s]=sf= ;d]t ldlt @)%).@.@( / @)%).@.@@ sf lg0f{o ab/ u/fO{ dfUg ldlt @)^^.!@.* df bfo/ l/6 lgj]baf6 cfkm\gf] xsflwsf/k|lt j]jf:tf u/L r"k nfuL a:g] / ;dodf pkrf/

gvf]Hg]nfO{ sfg"gn] d2t ug{ ;Sb}g . ljnDjn] ;dGofonfO{ k/fhLt ub{5 eGg] Gofosf] ;j{dfGo l;4fGt;d]tsf] cfwf/df klg lgj]bsnfO{ sfg"gn] d2t ug{ g;Sg] . Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nL sDKo'6/MejfgL 9'+ufgf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t @) ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .

@ df=Gof= >L k|sfz j:tL, @)^^–WO-)*&#, pTk]|if0f ;d]t, dfgaxfb'/ v8\uL lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t hGdbft[ P]g;Fu ljlgod aflemof] elgP klg g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-!_ adf]lhd of] lgj]bg bfo/ x'g cfPsf] kfOPg . pTk|]if0fsf] dfWodaf6 ljlgodsf] k|fjwfg P]g;Fu aflemPsf] xf] xf]Og / aflemPsf] /x]5 eg] klg ljlgodsf] Joj:yf ab/ x'g] jf gx'g] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug{ g;lsg] . k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] lgif]wf1f k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z km};nfpk/ o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug]{ j}slNks pkrf/sf] ljBdfgtfdf sf/0f b]vfp cfb]z;d]t hf/L ug{ gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nL sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{g Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t @) ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .

# df=Gof= >L k|sfz j:tL, @)^^–WO-)*^*, pTk]|if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t, a'w/fd vl6s lj= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt g]kfnu~h ;d]t km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf s'g} kIfaf6 x'g ;Sg] 5nsk6, afwf lj/f]wdf cbfntsf sfd sf/jfxL, cfb]z ;xfos x'g k'Ug] t x'Fb}gg eGg] s'/fdf ;ts{tf cjnDag ug}{kg]{ . t/, sfg"gsf] 7f8f] pNn+3g g} ePsf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf eg] pkNnf] cbfntn] pko'Qm cfb]z ug}{kg]{ .

C0f lnFbf 3/sf] d'Vo hfgsf/sf] d~h"/L glnPsf] / el/e/fpsf] b/vf:t kg'{eGbf klxn] g} ldnfkqaf6 lghn] k|fKt u/]sf] hUufdf


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csf{ JolQmn] lnPsf] C0fdf lnnfd u/L lng gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nL sDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ufgf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t @) ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .

$ df=Gof= >L k|sfz j:tL, @)^^–WO-)*&@, pTk|]if0f k|ltif]w ;d]t, /fdgf/fo0f l;Fx lj= /fdaxfb'/ rf}w/L ;d]t

JolQmsf] ;+ljwfg / sfg"g k|bQ xsflwsf/ xgg\ ePsf] cj:yfdf cGo pkrf/sf] Joj:yf gePsf] jf eP klg k|efjsf/L gePsf] cj:yfdf dfq l/6 If]q cfslif{t x'g] .

km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{df ePsf] cfb]zsf] tx tx Goflos k/LIf0f eO;s]sf] l:yltdf cToGt uDeL/ / 68\sf/f] sfg"gL q'l6 g} b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;a"b k|df0fsf] d"NofÍg x'g g;Sg] c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]qsf] dfWodaf6 x:tIf]k ug{ gldNg] . Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nL sDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ufgf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t @) ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .

% df=Gof= >L k|sfz j:tL, @)^^–WH-))%), aGbL k|ToIfLs/0f, l/ofh vfF lj= a]rgk|;fb u'Ktf ;d]t

Ps} lbg lkm/fb, k|ltpQ/ / ldnfkq u/L gftf sfod ePsf] elgPsf] ldnfkqdf klg lhNnf cbfntn] gSsn k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] s'g} Joxf]/f pNn]v gePsf] ;+lbUw kmf]6f]skLsf cfwf/df s'g} Goflos cjwf/0ff agfpg g;lsg] .

s'g} o'jtLnfO{ :j3f]lift ?kdf cfkm\gL :jf:gL b]vfO{ lghsf xsdf egL kg{ cfPsf] j:t'lgi6 cfwf/sf] k"0f{tof cefj /x]sf] z+sf:kb ljjfbnfO{ cufl8 a9fO/xg pko'Qm gx'g] . Ohnf; clws[tM /fhg jf:tf]nf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t ( ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

^ df=Gof= >L e/t/fh pk]|tL, @)^^ ;fnsf] WO-)*!^, pTk]|if0f, ;'/]zaxfb'/ zfxL lj= g]kfn gful/s p8\oog k|flws/0f ;d]t k|rlnt sfg"gsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L s;nfO{ 7]Ssf lbg] eGg] s'/f 7]Ssfbftfsf] :jljj]sLo clwsf/sf] s'/f ePsf]n] o:tf] ljifodf cbfntn] x:tIf]k ug{ x'Fb}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ o; cbfntn] dfGo l;4fGtsf] ?kdf c+uLsf/ u/L cfPsf] kl/k|]Io ;d]tdf pk/f]Qm cfwf/ / sf/0faf6 ljkIfLx¿af6 lnlvt hjfkm dufO/xg' gkg]{ . Ohnf; clws[tM /fhg af:tf]nf Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t ! ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

kflIfs l k|s fzg - Supreme Court of Nepal · ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a 'n]l6g @)^&, h ]7 – !, k "0ff {°...

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Transcript of kflIfs l k|s fzg - Supreme Court of Nepal · ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a 'n]l6g @)^&, h ]7 – !, k "0ff {°...