KEYSTONE PACKETS

PROPERTIES OF WATER LESSON 1

1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C

5 . COHESION AND ADHESION

A. Cohesion is the ability of water to stick to each other. This allows water to stay liquid. Adhesion is the ability to stick to other surfaces. So when water enters the plant’s xylem it can flow freely because of cohesion and stick to the tissue in the xylem because of adhesion which allows it to go against gravity which is capillary action

5 . COHESION AND ADHESION

B. Bubbles form when the amount of water in the soil is less than the amount of water evaporating from the plant. This bubble can stop the flow of water to that area of xylem and cause it to die.

LESSON 2 LIPIDS/CARBS

• P34-- B• P 36--B• 1. A• 2. D• 3. C• 4. D

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF A FAT

•A. Elements made up of •Carbon, Hydrogen and a little Oxygen•Considered a Hydrocarbon•Building blocks/Monomers are 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol or a TRIGLYCERIDE

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF A FAT

•B. Lipid Carb•Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen Carbon, Hydrogen•Very little Oxygen Oxygen•More Carbon 1C:2H:1O ratio•Monomers: monomers:•Fattyacid/glycerol/ Glucose/•Triglyceride monosaccharide

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF A FAT

•C. Both Carbs and Lipids are used as energy in the cell…Lipids long term and Carbs short term. Both also act as protection for cells and give structure to the cell membrane.

LESSON 4 ENZYMES

P48----D1. B2. D3. C4. D

5. PEPSIN/TRYPSIN

A. The pH of the stomach is lower or more acidic that that of the small intestineB. Because of the change of pH, the pepsin will either not work or work improperly.C. Having 2 enzymes helps speed up digestion and helps use less energy for the process.

HOMEOSTASIS

P90----B1. A2. A3. D4. B

5. MEAL CONSUMPTION

A. The meal will increase the amount of glucose in the blood because through anabolism/hydrolysis, polymers are broken down into monomers and glucose is a monomer.

B. The pancreas will release insulin. The insulin allows liver cells to be more permeable to glucose. The liver then converts the glucose into glycogen decreasing the amount of glucose in the blood.

C. Because the cells of a person with diabetes becomes less sensitive to insulin, their cell membranes wont be as permeable to the glucose. The liver wont be able to convert as much glucose to glycogen leaving higher levels of glucose in the blood.

DNA AND PROTEINS

P44—A1. B2. A3. C4. A

5. PROTEINS VS NUCLEIC ACIDS

A. Protein Nucleic Acid

made of C,H,O,N made of C,H,O,N,P monomers:amino acids monomers:Nucleotides Shape: fibrous or globular Shape: twisted and double stranded Double Helix

5. PROTEINS VS NUCLEIC ACIDS

B. Each monomer has a certain nitrogen base attached. The order of those bases vary and are unique to the cell giving each a unique genetic code.

C. The amino acids bond and create a polypeptide. Polypeptide chains must fold or bend to form three-dimension shapes to allow the proteins to perform their different functions.

MEMBRANE OF THE CELL

P69—BP70 B1. C2. D3. C

Molecules Is the plasma membrane permeable to this molecule?

Cl- Chlorine Ion The chlorine ION is charged and will not pass through the nonpolar lipid bilayer on its own

O2 Oxygen can easily pass through the nonpolar lipid bilayer because it is not charged and will dissolve through the bilayer.

Starch Starch does not pass through the lipid bilayer easily because it is a large and can’t pass through on its own and it is polar (charged) so it will not dissolve through the nonpolar lipid bilayer

MEMBRANE OF THE CELL

A. The protein will be synthesized in the ribosomes either free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum because ribosomes are the organelles that make proteins.

MEMBRANE OF THE CELL

B. If the hormone is fat based it would be synthesized in the smooth Endoplasmic reticulum because it is the organelle that makes lipids.If the hormone is protein based than it will be synthesized in the ribosomes that are either free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum because ribosomes make proteins

MEMBRANE OF THE CELL

C. The cell receptor proteins would be made in the ribosomes, either free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. The proteins would then be shipped to the Golgi Apparatus where it is specialized, packaged and shipped where it needs to go.

Organization of Multicellular Organisms

P21---C1. A2. D3. D

4. Contractive Vacoule

A. The contractile vacuole will take nutrients out of the water

and store them for the protest to use for energy. Then the vacuole contracts and expels the water

so it doesn’t get too big.

4. Contractive Vacoule

B. An example of an organ that animals use that would work the same way are gills in fish. Gills bring water with nutrients into the fish. The gill filaments will

filter out the nutrients and then force the water back out of the

fish.

4. Contractive Vacoule

C. An example of structure in plants would be their stomata. Stomata open to allow water into the plant

and close to keep water in the plant so the plant can either store it or its nutrients and then when they open

again, water can be released.

5. Arteries and Veins

A. The artery is lined with an elastic membrane because the heart will

FORCEFULLY push blood into it and this tissue stops it from bursting and allowing

them to maintain shape.Also they have a thick layer of smooth muscle. Smooth muscles are controlled

voluntarily meaning you do not have to think about working them. This is good because it allows blood to flow through your body and

you do not have to control it.

5. Arteries and Veins

B. The veins have a valve to help control the amount of blood going into the heart and

eventually to the lungs.They also have a layer of smooth muscle. Smooth muscles are controlled voluntarily meaning you do not have to think about

working them. This is good because it allows blood to flow through your body and you do

not have to control it.

5. Arteries and Veins

C. Capillaries are very thin and tiny. This allows them to get into the tissue and supply

it with nutrients.

Unifying Characteristics of Life Lesson 1

Page 2---A1. B2. A3. D4. D5. B

6. Referring to the Figure

A. Cell wall- gives extra protection to plant cell

Also gives it rigid-squared off shape

B. Vacoule- store nutrients and water for plant cell to photosynthesis

Also store waste.

C. The cell wall will allow the water into the cell and then the vacuole will take it in and fill up the plant cell. Because the vacuole takes up most of the plants interior, when it fills up it gives the cell a more plumped up look.