Best Practices in Handling Electricity on Construction Worksites
Key winnable public health battles for the United States · Many states have passed smoke-free laws...
Transcript of Key winnable public health battles for the United States · Many states have passed smoke-free laws...
Key winnable public health battles for the United States
Nutrition, Physical Activity, Obesity
Healthcare-Associated
Infections
HIV
Food Safety
Tobacco
Teen Pregnancy
Motor Vehicle Injuries
Key winnable public health battles for the United States
Nutrition, Physical Activity, Obesity
Healthcare-Associated
Infections
HIV
Food Safety
Tobacco
Teen Pregnancy
Motor Vehicle Injuries
• Each area is a leading cause of illness, injury, disability, or death, and/or represents enormous societal costs
• Evidence-based, scalable interventions already exist and can be broadly implemented
• Our effort can make a difference• We can get results within a few years―but it
won’t be easy
Winnable Battles
Tobacco
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4603661/
Adult smoking rates vary widelyNearly 3x higher in some states than in others
2011-2015. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System. BRFSS Survey Data; http://www.cdc.gov/statesystem/cigaretteuseadult.html
Smoking prevalence (%)9.1% - <12.8% 12.8% - <16.4% 16.4% - <20.1% 20.1% - <23.7% 23.7% - 27.4%
FL
MO
NY
NC
OK SC
VT
VA
ID
AK
CTNJDEMD
NH
RIMA
IN
ME
CA
OR
UT
WA
NV
AZ
CO
NDMT
NM
WY
ALAR
GA
LA
MS
KS
TX
IL
IA
KY
MI
MN
OH
WV
WI
PANE
SD
DC
HI
TN
Adult smoking rates have fallen in recent years
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
22%
24%
Prevalence of current smoking among adults age 18+, U.S., 1997–2015
CDC/NCHS, National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2015, Sample Adult Core component; MMWR Nov. 11, 2016, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6544a2.htm?s_cid=mm6544a2_ww
0%
No significant decrease
25%
21% 21%
15%
Many states have passed smoke-free laws in worksites, restaurants, and bars
Laws in effect as of March 31, 2017. 1995-2016. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System. Legislation – Smokefree Indoor Air. http://www.cdc.gov/statesystem/smokefreeindoorair.html
No Law - designated areas –or separate ventilation law
100 % smokefreein one location
100 % smokefreein three locations
FL
MO
NY
NC
OK SC
VT
VA
ID
AK
CTNJDEMD
NH
RIMA
IN
ME
CA
OR
WA
NV
AZ
CO
NDMT
NMAL
ARGA
LA
MS
KS
TX
IL
IA
KY
MI
MN
OH
WV
WI
PANE
SD
DC
HI
TN
WY
UT
100 % smokefreein two locations
Progress in tobacco control
2016 Tips from Former Smokers Campaign:
Profiles people who are living with the significant adverse health effects due to smoking
cdc.gov/Tips
Nutrition, physical activity, obesity, and food safety
Rates of obesity are high in all states among adults
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC, 2015
Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults 2015
20%–<25%25%–<30%
30%–<35%
FL
MO
NY
NC
OK SC
VT
VA
ID
AK
CTNJDEMD
NH
RIMA
IN
ME
CA
OR
WA
NV
AZ
CO
NDMT
NMAL
ARGA
LA
MS
KS
TX
IL
IA
KY
MI
MN
OHWV
WI
PANE
SD
DC
HI
TN
WY
UT
>35%
Progress in nutrition, physical activity, obesity, and food safety
Healthcare-associated infections
CAUTI* has improved in some states, but further prevention is needed
*CAUTI: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections†SIR: Standardized infection ratioSource: 2014 HAI Progress Report DataTables, Table 4a Below national baseline of 1.0
CAUTI SIR†
confidence interval
Includes national baseline of 1.0
Fully above national baseline of 1.0
DC
FL
MO
NY
NC
OK SC
VT
VA
ID
AK
CTNJDEMD
NH
RIMA
IN
ME
CA
OR
WA
NV
AZ
CO
NDMT
NMAL
ARGA
LA
MS
KS
TX
IL
IA
KY
MI
MN
OH
WV
WI
PANE
SD
HI
TN
WY
UT
Progress in healthcare-associated infections
SIR for central-line associated bloodstream infections declined sharply
-50%
National and State Healthcare-associated Infections Progress Report, published January 2016, based on 2014 data; www.cdc.gov/hai/surveillance/progress-report/index.html
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Stan
dard
ized
Infe
ctio
n Ra
tio (S
IR)
1.00
0.82
0.680.59
0.56 0.540.50
Motor vehicle injuries
Motor vehicle crash death rates nearly 5x higher in some states than others
http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/t/general-statistics/fatalityfacts/state-by-state-overview/2015
3.1–9.9 10.0–14.9 15.0–24.7Death per 100,000population, 2015
Progress in motor vehicle injuriesMotor vehicle-related deaths
decreased between 2007–2015
-15%
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Fata
litie
s(pe
r yea
r)
http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/t/general-statistics/fatalityfacts/overview-of-fatality-facts
15% drop
Teen pregnancy
Teen birth rates lowest in Northeast, upper Midwest, upper Northwest, and
highest in South
National Vital Statistics Report, CDC, 2015
12.1–22.9 23–39.9Teen birth rate per 1,000
women aged 15–19
FL
MO
NY
NC
OK SC
VT
VA
ID
AK
CTNJDEMD
NH
RIMA
IN
ME
CA
OR
WA
NV
AZ
CO
NDMT
NMAL
ARGA
LA
MS
KS
TX
IL
IA
KY
MI
MN
OHWV
WI
PANE
SD
DC
HI
TN
WY
UT
Progress in teen pregnancy
Major decrease in teen birthsbetween 2007-2015
48.8
41.5
22.3
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0B
irths
per
1,0
00 fe
mal
es
CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System
46% drop
-46%
HIV/AIDS
Achieving Viral SuppressionOf those diagnosed with HIV
Monitoring Selected National HIV Prevention and Care Objectives by Using HIV Surveillance Data United States and 6 Dependent Areas, 2014 (www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/reports/surveillance/cdc-hiv-surveillance-supplemental-report-vol-21-4.pdf)
Linked to Care 74.5%
Retained in Care56.5%
Virally Suppressed 54.7%
HIV diagnosis rates are higher in the South and Northeast U.S.
Note: Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. Data includes adults and adolescents only. Data have been statistically adjusted to account for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting. Data for the year 2015 are preliminary and based on 6 months reporting delay. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/slidesets/index.html
<9.19.2-13.7>13.8
Rates per 100,000population
Progress in HIV/AIDS
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO (232-4636)/TTY: 1-888-232-6348E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.cdc.gov