Key Technologies for UAV Interoperability

Key Technologies for UAV Interoperability

41st Annual NDIA SymposiumPresented by: Dave Buis

The Boeing Company

19 November 2003

19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis2

Agenda

• What is Interoperability

• UAV Roles and Missions

• UAV Interoperability in a System of Systems

• Interoperability Technologies

–Mission Management

–Communications

–Processing Architecture / Infrastructure

–Human Systems Interface

–Cooperative Adaptive Autonomy

• Civil and Commercial Operations in the NAS

• Summary


What is Interoperability?

Vitale Garber, Interoperability OSD, NDIA, Systems Engineering Conference, October, 2002

419 Nov 2003 – Dave

Buis

Manned AircraftManned Aircraft

ASW

Stand-OutAEA

CAS

Air Combat

Strike

High Value Strike

Deep Strike

Armed Recce

Penetrating ISR

Directed EnergyLethal SEAD

Reactive SEAD

BDA

AEW

CommRelay

Non- Pene ISR

Information Operations

Stand-In AEA

TAC Recce

Non-Lethal SEAD

ASuW

High

Low

Low High

MissionComplexity

Likelihood of Encounter - Lethal / Integrated Threat

Cruise MissilesCruise Missiles

Current UAVsCurrent UAVs

UAV’s In Development

UAV’s In Development

Mission Complexity:Low: Preplanned and/or simple operator interaction, readily pre-programmableMedium: Frequent near-real time decisions, compatible with machine decision logicHigh: Numerous complex, real-time decisions / reactions by operator.

Highly situation dependent

Military Roles & Missions for Unmanned Systems Will Continue to Expand

Future UAV Potenial

Future UAV Potenial

Manned, Unmanned, or Combined Options Available to Field

Commanders

Manned, Unmanned, or Combined Options Available to Field

Commanders

519 Nov 2003 – Dave

Buis

Mission Complexity:Low - Preplanned and/or simple operator interaction, readily pre-programmableMedium -Frequent near-real time decisions, compatible with machine decision logicHigh - Numerous complex, real-time decisions / reactions by operator.Highly situation dependent

Manned AircraftManned Aircraft

Safety Complexity

Roles and Missions for Unmanned Systems will Expand into Civil and Commercial Applications

Manned, Unmanned, or Combined Options

Available to Customers

Manned, Unmanned, or Combined Options

Available to CustomersGP30110038.ppt

High

Low

Low High

MissionComplexity

Fire Fighting

Border &Drug Traffic Patrol

Search & Rescue

NationalAutomated Vehicle

Highway

PAV

Passenger Transport

Cargo Transport

Illegal Activity Monitoring

Infrastructure &Agriculture Inspections

Autonomous Construction

Atmospheric, Geological, Volcanic, Oceanic Monitoring

Riot Control

Investigative Journalism of Remote/Forbidden Areas

Satellite Repair

CommRelay

Interior Inspection of Pipelines

Automated Distribution Warehouse

Crime Scene Investigation

Traffic Monitoring

Resource Exploration

Infrastructure Repair

Emergency Response

Fertilizer, Pesticide, Fire Retardant Application


An Unmanned System isa Network-Enabled System

Key issues:• Mission management architecture with

cooperative, adaptive, autonomy• Communications (connectivity, bandwidth)


UAVs Must be Fully Integrated Into Network Centric Operations

Key considerations:• Level of integrated operations

- Manned / unmanned interoperability• Interoperable / Integrated Operating Environment• UAV Mission Management

NAVY

Link-16Link-16


Elements of a Mission Management Architecture

Inputs Outputs

Mission Management Architecture Is Central to Interoperability Mission Management Architecture Is Central to Interoperability

Contingency Management• Response to anomaly events

• Ensure Safe Operation in Airspace

Decision Aiding• Multi-level Autonomy

• Multi -UCAV Cooperation• Manned Platform Cooperation

SharedData

DynamicMissionPlanning

MissionManagement

• SituationAwareness

IntuitiveHumanSystem

InterfaceData Processing

• Fusion• ATC

• Other

Open Client / Server Architecture Infrastructure

Secure, Efficient Comms

• MCS to Air Vehicle

• Integration into C4ISR

Arch.

Intelligent Software System (ISS)







SharedData

SharedData



MissionManagement



Interface



• Fusion• ATC

• Other

Data Processing• Fusion

• ATC• Other





Arch.




Arch.








SharedData

SharedData



MissionManagement



Interface



• Fusion• ATC

• Other


• ATC• Other





Arch.




Arch.








SharedData

SharedData



MissionManagement



Interface



• Fusion• ATC

• Other


• ATC• Other





Arch.




Arch.



Mission Management Elements Reside in Both MCS & UAV

StoresStores

SensorsSensorsCommand

ControlCommand

ControlSignal / DataProcessing

(e.g., Sensor Fusion,Automatic Target Cueing)

Signal / DataProcessing

(e.g., Sensor Fusion,Automatic Target Cueing)

ContingencyManagementContingencyManagement

Decision Aiding(Multi Level Autonomy)


BandwidthEfficient

Communication

BandwidthEfficient

Communication

Integrated Vehicle HealthManagement

Integrated Vehicle HealthManagement



DistributedData Services

DistributedData Services

MissionManagement

MissionManagement

HumanSystem

Interface

HumanSystem

Interface

BandwidthEfficient

Communication

BandwidthEfficient

Communication

CAOC &External I/F

CAOC &External I/F

Air Vehicle

MCS





BandwidthEfficient

Communication

BandwidthEfficient

Communication



HumanSystem

Interface

HumanSystem

Interface

BandwidthEfficient

Communication

BandwidthEfficient

Communication



Space

Air

Terrestrial

Information Grid Enables Data Sharing Across a Flexible Robust Network

Information Grid Enables Data Sharing Across a Flexible Robust Network

Network Centric Architecture

• Addressable Nodes at sensor level

• Dynamic & Redundant Routing


GP24197022.ppt

Intel BroadcastsIntel Broadcasts

ATOs/ATOs/DynamicDynamic

RetaskingRetasking

NTM Systems

NTM Systems

LOS Data LinkLOS Data Link

Reachbackto CONUS

Reachbackto CONUS

UAVUAV

MMA, E2-C, Joint STARS,

Rivet Joint, etc.

MMA, E2-C, Joint STARS,

Rivet Joint, etc.

MILSTAR, Gapfiller/Commercial Ku

MILSTAR, Gapfiller/Commercial Ku

Theater ROEand GuidanceTheater ROE

and Guidance

SARSAR

MCS

CVBGCVBG

ESMESMStrike Strike

PackagePackage

EOEO

GMTIGMTI

LOS Data Link(Link-16, TCDL, MADL)

LOS Data Link(Link-16, TCDL, MADL)

Link-16Link-16

Interoperability Considerations:• Established Ops Procedures (CONOPS)• On-Board Processing (sharing Info vs Data)• Competition for Spectrum

• Bandwidth• Number of Channels (Availability)

• System interfaces• Probability of Detection, Intercept, Jamming• Encryption Support

Communications Integration- Digital Network of Diverse Platforms


Adaptable Human System Interface

•Provides Mission Commander the right information to predict and anticipate

• Vehicle situation /location

• Target / threat environment

• Reconfigurable displays for various vehicles and missions

• Multiple vehicle control with single operator

User-Friendly HSI Provides Command & Control for Mixed OperationsUser-Friendly HSI Provides Command & Control for Mixed Operations


Vehicle Mgmt System• Vehicle Control• Trajectory Mgmt• Flight Control• Mission Planning

Mission Mgmt System• Mission Monitoring• Decision Aiding• Collision Avoidance• Situational Awareness• Data Mining/Sensor Mgmt• Mission Health• Contingency Mgmt• Communications with Manned Airspace/Controller

System of Systems

• Integration w/Multiple Mission Control Systems• Cooperative Autonomous Multi-Platform Mission Control• Dynamic Re-Planning • Multi-Vehicle Health• Formation Flight• Multi-Agent Collaboration• Mixed Initiative Behaviors

AutonomousVehicles

MissionAdaptive

AutonomousVehicles

CooperativeMission Adaptive

AutonomousVehicles

Cooperative Mission Adaptive Autonomous SystemsEnables Higher Level Decision Making & Mission Management

Cooperative Mission Adaptive Autonomous SystemsEnables Higher Level Decision Making & Mission Management

Autonomous Systems Technologiesare Critical for Interoperability


Ops in the NAS End State Capabilities

Fully Integrated intoClass A Airspace

FL180

C, D, EAirspace

C, D, EAirspace

ARTCC

ATC Commands• Airspeed• Route of Flight

Command &Control

(LOS, BLOS)

C2 “Hand-Off”

Near Real Time Weather Information @ Control Station

Autonomous Conflict Avoidance with Cooperating & Non-Cooperating A/C

Weather SensingAir VehicleAuto-Land

Enhancements(Including Security)

SurfaceOperations

C, D, EAirspace


UNITE / Access 5

Routine Operations Above

FL 400 Through Restricted Airspace

Routine Operations Above FL 180

Through Restricted Airspace

Routine Operations Above FL 180 Through C,

D, E Airspace

Routine Operations Above FL 180

Through C, D, E Airspace

Emergency to ROAAirport

ExperimentalCertification

Standard Certificate

of Airworthiness

Establish TypeCertification Basis

Special AirworthinessCertification

STEP1

STEP2

STEP3

STEP4

Achieve Routine, Safe and Reliable Access in the NAS for HALE UAVAchieve Routine, Safe and Reliable Access in the NAS for HALE UAV

Steps 1&2 currently funded


Summary

• Interoperability of diverse systems is critical to UAV future

–Expanding roles for military applications

–Civil and commercial applications

–Mixed operations with manned aircraft

• Technologies required for interoperability

–Robust and secure communications via multiple links

–Key Network Centric System Interface Standards

–Adaptable cooperative autonomy for command & control of vehicle and sensors

–Adaptable User-friendly Human Systems Interface

• Regulatory and policy issues must be addressed to enable UAV’s to operate in the NAS

Key Technologies for UAV Interoperability

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