Key Insight Business Briefing - For · PDF fileKey Insight Business Briefing. ... Department...
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Promoting physics, supporting physicists
Key Insight Business BriefingScience challenges and priorities across Government: insight from chief scientific advisorsChairman: Peter SaragaThe Institute of Physics15 May 2007www.iop.org
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Promoting physics, supporting physicists
Science for development
Sir Gordon ConwayChief scientific adviser, Department for International Development
The Institute of Physics15 May 2007www.iop.org
Key Insight Business Briefing
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SCIENCE FOR DEVELOPMENT Key Insight Business Briefing Institute of Physics, London,
May 15th 2007
Gordon Conway Chief Scientific Adviser, Department for International Development, UK
Professor of International Development, Imperial College
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The Chief Scientific Advisers
• Roy Anderson Defence• Brian Collis Transport• Gordon Conway DFID• Howard Dalton DEFRA• Sally Davies Health - DG R&D• Anne Glover Scottish Exec• David Harper Health• Michael Kelly DCLG• Dave King OST (The CSA)• Keith O’Nions OST – DG S&I• Paul Wiles Home
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Millennium Development Goals – by 2015
•
Halve poverty and hunger• Halve population without access to safe
drinking water• Universal primary education• Gender equality in primary education• 3/4ths decline in maternal mortality• 2/3rds decline in under-5 mortality• Halting and reversing HIV/AIDS• Special assistance to AIDS orphans• Improving lives of 100 million slum
dwellers
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Girl’s Toilet in Uganda
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Recent & Past Slippages
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Avian Flu
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Avian Flu Epidemic in Thailand
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Replication of the HIV virusReplication of the HIV virus
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Insecticide-treated Mosquito Bed Net
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Treadle Pumps
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Innovation based on Appropriate Technologies
• Traditional Technologies
• Intermediate Technologies
• Conventional Technologies
• Advanced Technologies
In a Mix that is Appropriate
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DFID White Paper July 12th
2006
• Double our funding for science and technology research, especially for better drugs and treatments, cleaner water, increased agricultural production and managing climate change – about $400 million by 2010.
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UK Collaborative for Development Sciences
• Create a framework for a more co- ordinated approach
• Raise the profile• Identify challenges and opportunities• Provide link to EC Research
Framework Programme; • Develop a baseline understanding of
our international standing
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TranslationalResearch
PPCPs
Basic Science
UniversitiesAdvanced labs
Product Development
& Use
National & Private Labs
Entrepreneurs
Regional centres of excellence BRICS
Bilateral Donors& NGOs
Foundations& UN System
MultilateralDonors
An Science and Technology Innovation System for the 21st Century
INSTITUTIONS
TEAMS
NETWORKS
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Elements of a Global Innovation System• Began in advanced research institution
– the Medical Research Centre in Gambia
• Multidisciplinary team linked into larger worldwide network– WHO, Wellcome Trust
• Fundamental science and technology – Pyrethroid insecticides
• An international dimension– Impregnated nets using resin from Saudi
Arabia, insecticides from Japan, Chinese workforce
• A range of donors have been involved – MRC, WHO, Dutch and UK governments.
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Building National Innovation Systems
Need to develop:
• Coherent science, technology and innovation policies
• An educated workforce• Innovative enterprises• Education, Vocational Training, and
R&D Institutes.
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Assessing the Evidence Base• Is the technology or process effective in meeting
the desired ends?– Does it help meet the MDGs for example, or does it help
attain an intermediate goal, such as a diagnostic tool with certain reliability?
• Is it value for money?– Does it produce the desired effect relatively cheaply or is
more cost effective than the alternatives?• Is it equitable and sustainable?
– Do the poor benefit or is it only the better-off and once introduced is it relatively easy to sustain?
• What are the downsides?– Are there undesirable side-effects?
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Resilience
The key to Adaptation and sustainable development
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SHOCK or STRESS
RESILIENCE
COLLAPSEDEV
ELOPM
ENT
COUNTERSTIME
Figure 1. Concept of resilience
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Resilient Livelihoods
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Promoting physics, supporting physicists
Googling while Earth burns
Brian CollinsChief scientific adviser, Department for Transport
The Institute of Physics15 May 2007www.iop.org
Key Insight Business Briefing
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Googling while Earth Burns
Professor Brian CollinsChief Scientific Adviser
Dept for Transport
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Transport issues
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Information Issues
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Transport Governance
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Approaches - separation
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Approaches - Integration
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Conflicting demands
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Knowledge, Learning and Complexity
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Foresight example
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‘Google’ over part of the landscape transport example
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Or
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Promoting physics, supporting physicists
Can science save the planet?
Sir Howard DaltonChief scientific adviser, Defra
The Institute of Physics15 May 2007www.iop.org
Key Insight Business Briefing
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Can Science save the planet?
Professor Sir Howard DaltonChief Scientific Adviser, Defra
Institute of Physics, May 2007
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Observed Global Temperature Change 1861-2003 (Hadley Centre)
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Antarctic PeninsulaGlacial retreat at Fossil Bluff
1985/86
1994/95
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CO² levels are already unprecedented in the last 800,000 years
CO2 Concentration in Ice Core Samples aProjections for Next 100 Years
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
Years Before Presen
Vostok RecordIPCC IS92a ScenarioLaw Dome RecordMauna Loa Record
Current(2001)
Projected(2100)
0100,000200,000300,000400,000
CO
2C
once
ntra
tion
(ppm
v)
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Modelled temperature changes by 2050s
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BedZED eco-village
Peabody Trust - BioRegional - Bill Dunster Architects
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Averaged sea surface temperature taken by AATSR, March 2004
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© UK Perspectives
© UK Perspectives
© Space Imaging, Ikonos 2005
© Space Imaging, Ikonos 2005
Monitoring agri-environment schemes
Hedge removed
Hedge removed together with change to field
boundaries
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fan
Evaporator 2
Evaporator 1
crops
Freshwater
IR
Seawater intake and return
Air flow
Condenser
Sunlight
Seawater Greenhouse
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Cultivation outside Cultivation inside
8 litres / m2 / day 1.2 litres / m2 / day
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Lifecycle assessment flow chart
final disposal
extraction
manufacture
production
retail
use
Energy
Materials
Emissions
+
Waste
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Promoting physics, supporting physicists
Sir Gordon Conway, DFID Brian Collins, DfT Sir Howard Dalton, DefraMichael Kelly, DCLG
Discussion chairman: Peter Saraga
The Institute of Physics15 May 2007www.iop.org
Key Insight Business Briefing
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Promoting physics, supporting physicists
The Institute of Physics26 November 2007www.iop.org
Key Insight Business Briefing