Key concepts & social sciences background
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Transcript of Key concepts & social sciences background
Key concepts & social sciences background
What do you think of it? What are the key controversial concepts behind this?
→ “Men feel comfortable acting in public area, while women are guardians of the private area” →“Women have to work much harder than men to achieve the same position in the society.”→ Biological sex is unchanging (trouver une phrase plus subtile!!!)
“Men feel comfortable acting in public area, while women are guardians of the private
area”
Masculine / feminine traits - Innate / learned - social roles - sex / gender
Gender - gender studies
Anthropologist Margaret MeadSex and Temperament in 3 primitive societies
(1935)
• Laid the foundation for much of our contemporary sociological research and debate on gender.
→ are « masculine » and « feminine » traits innate or learned?→ do men and women differ because of nature (heredity) or nurture (socialization)?=> For M.Mead cultural conditioning is more important than biology in shaping women and men’s behaviour.
Arapesh people
• Men = WomenBoth :- « maternal » in its parental aspects- « feminine » in its sexual aspects- Cooperative, unaggressive, responsive to the
needs of others
Mundugumor people
• Men = WomenBoth : - ruthless, aggressive- Not « maternal » at all- Undisciplined and violent
Tchambuli people
• Men ≠ Women
Men : Emotionnaly dependant personLess responsible
Women : DominantImpersonnalManaging partner
=> Definitive conclusion : no basis for regarding specific behaviours or traits we traditionally regarded as feminin or masculin as sex-linked.
Gender
SEX GENDERIs innate
Refers to:Biological, natural, physical differences
Is learned. It is a social and historical construction
Refers to:Way of thinking and feelingPosition in the societyIdentity - way to introduce yourself…
Council of Europe : Gender is a socially constructed definition of women and men. It is the social design of a biological sex, determined by the conception of tasks, functions and roles attributed to women and men in society and in public and private life. It is a culture specific definition of femininity and masculinity and therefore varies in time and space.
Gender and Culture
• Euromed heteroneous context towards new guinea?
• G.HofstedeBrief presentation of 5 dimensions
Focus on Masculinity/Feminity DimensionHoftstede’s definitions
From Hofstede (2001), Culture’s Consequences
• “Masculinity stands for a society in which social gender roles are clearly distinct: Men are supposed to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success; women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life.”
• “Femininity stands for a society in which social gender roles overlap: Both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life.”
“Women have to work much harder than men to achieve the same position
in the society.”
• Sexist jokes - Inequality - discrimination -
Gender equality - gender mainstreaming / positive(affirmative) action
Biological sex is unchanging (trouver une phrase plus subtile!!!)
• Heterosexuality / Homosexuality - LGBT - Gay - lesbian transsexualism- transgender - breaking norms - queer - discrimination
Sexual identity - gender identity
How do you say gender issue in your mother tongue? Is it a political issue?
Conclusion
• Food for thought : Translation problem, controversial theories, what consequence for youth work?
Political frame• 1979 : CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination
against Women) , a UN major tool .• 1995 – Conférence mondiale sur les femmes, Pékin : un tournant majeur.• Véritable charte refondatrice des droits des femmes, la Déclaration de Pékin
consolide et précise le travail engagé vingt ans plus tôt. Les gouvernements reconnaissent que « l’égalité des droits, des chances et de l’accès aux ressources, le partage égal des responsabilités familiales et un partenariat harmonieux
entre les femmes et les hommes sont essentiels à leur bien-être et à celui de leurs familles ainsi qu’à l’affermissement de la démocratie ». La Conférence de Pékin proclame que l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes est une condition essentielle du développement durable, de la paix et de la démocratie.• 2005 – Pékin +10 : La 49e session de la Commission des Nations unies sur le
statut de la femme réaffirme les acquis de la déclaration et du Programme d’action de Pékin de la façon la plus ferme possible dans un contexte marqué par des risques de régressions.
EU and equality between women and menhttp://www.femmes-europe.eu/parite.php • Principle included in the Rome Treaty.• To achieve this goal the EU has established
legal (directives) and political tools.• Moreover gender has been integrated into all
sectors of European and national political processes as a whole. (gender mainstreaming)
Legislation in support of equality between women and men
• to reduce the differences in the treatment of men and women in the workplace in terms of wages, access to employment and training etc.
• to promote gender equality in the social area such as in social security, maternity and parental leave.
http://www.rue89.com/2010/09/19/sur-la-porte-des-wc-des-panneaux-qui-font-mauvais-genre-166388