Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

14
Key Assumptions of The Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective Cognitive Perspective Individuals who suffer from mental Individuals who suffer from mental disorders have distorted and irrational disorders have distorted and irrational thinking – which may cause maladaptive thinking – which may cause maladaptive behaviour. behaviour. It is the way you think about the problem It is the way you think about the problem rather than the problem itself which rather than the problem itself which causes the mental disorder. causes the mental disorder. Individuals can overcome mental Individuals can overcome mental disorders by learning to use more disorders by learning to use more appropriate cognitions. appropriate cognitions.

description

Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective. Individuals who suffer from mental disorders have distorted and irrational thinking – which may cause maladaptive behaviour. It is the way you think about the problem rather than the problem itself which causes the mental disorder. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

Page 1: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Key Assumptions of The Cognitive PerspectivePerspective

Individuals who suffer from mental disorders have Individuals who suffer from mental disorders have distorted and irrational thinking – which may distorted and irrational thinking – which may cause maladaptive behaviour.cause maladaptive behaviour.

It is the way you think about the problem rather It is the way you think about the problem rather than the problem itself which causes the mental than the problem itself which causes the mental disorder.disorder.

Individuals can overcome mental Individuals can overcome mental disorders by learning to use more disorders by learning to use more appropriate cognitions.appropriate cognitions.

Page 2: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

Beck’s Model of Depression (1979)Beck’s Model of Depression (1979) ‘The Cognitive Triad’ ‘The Cognitive Triad’

Negative Triad (3 negative Schemata)Negative Triad (3 negative Schemata)– Negative view of the selfNegative view of the self– Negative view of the worldNegative view of the world– Negative view of the futureNegative view of the future

Negative Automatic Thoughts

Page 3: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

Cognitive BiasCognitive Bias ExplanationExplanation

MinimisationMinimisation The bias towards minimising The bias towards minimising success in life. success in life.

MaximisationMaximisation The bias towards maximising The bias towards maximising the importance of even trivial the importance of even trivial failures. failures.

Selective AbstractionSelective Abstraction A bias towards focusing on A bias towards focusing on only the negative aspects of only the negative aspects of life and ignoring the wider life and ignoring the wider picturepicture

All or nothing ThinkingAll or nothing Thinking A tendency to see life in A tendency to see life in terms of black and white and terms of black and white and ignoring the middle ground; ignoring the middle ground; you are a success or a failure, you are a success or a failure, rather than not good at some rather than not good at some things but OK at others.things but OK at others.

Page 4: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective
Page 5: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

Cognitive TherapyCognitive Therapy

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) Aim – to challenge irrational and Aim – to challenge irrational and

dysfunctional thought processesdysfunctional thought processes

Page 6: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

What is CBT?What is CBT?

It is a way of talking about:It is a way of talking about:– how you think about yourself, the world and other how you think about yourself, the world and other

people people – how what you do affects your thoughts and feelings.how what you do affects your thoughts and feelings.

   CBT can help people to change how they think CBT can help people to change how they think

('Cognitive') and what they do ('Behaviour'). ('Cognitive') and what they do ('Behaviour'). These changes can help them to feel better. These changes can help them to feel better.

It focuses on the 'here and now' problems and It focuses on the 'here and now' problems and difficulties. Instead of focusing on the causes of difficulties. Instead of focusing on the causes of distress or symptoms in the past, it looks for ways distress or symptoms in the past, it looks for ways to improve the state of mind now.to improve the state of mind now.

Page 7: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

When does CBT help?When does CBT help?

CBT has been shown to help with CBT has been shown to help with many different types of problems. many different types of problems. – Anxiety, depression, panic, phobias, Anxiety, depression, panic, phobias,

stress, bulimia, OCD, Post-Traumatic stress, bulimia, OCD, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, bipolar disorder and Stress Disorder, bipolar disorder and psychosis. psychosis.

Page 8: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

How does it work?How does it work?    CBT can help to break the vicious circle of CBT can help to break the vicious circle of

maladaptive thinking, feelings and behaviour. maladaptive thinking, feelings and behaviour.

When the parts of the sequence are clearly When the parts of the sequence are clearly outlined and understood, they can be outlined and understood, they can be changed. changed.

CBT aims to get the person to a point where CBT aims to get the person to a point where they can ‘DIY', and work out their own ways of they can ‘DIY', and work out their own ways of tackling their problems.tackling their problems.

  

Page 9: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

What does CBT What does CBT involve?involve?

The SessionsMeet with a therapist for between 5 and 20, weekly, or fortnightly sessions.

Each session will last between 30 and 60 minutes.

Page 10: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

How effective is CBT?How effective is CBT?

CBT is effective in reducing symptoms CBT is effective in reducing symptoms of depression and in preventing of depression and in preventing relapse (Kuyken relapse (Kuyken et alet al, 2007), 2007)

It is the most effective It is the most effective psychological psychological treatment for moderate and severe treatment for moderate and severe depression. depression.

It is as effective as antidepressants for It is as effective as antidepressants for many types of depression (Fava many types of depression (Fava et alet al, , 1994).1994).

Page 11: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

CBT and Drug TreatmentCBT and Drug Treatment

Keller Keller et al (et al (2000)2000) Recovery rates (from depression)Recovery rates (from depression)

– 55% drugs alone55% drugs alone– 52% CBT alone52% CBT alone

– 85% when used together.85% when used together.

Page 12: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

StrengthsStrengths

Client is actively involved Client is actively involved in their recoveryin their recovery

CBT is not physically CBT is not physically invasiveinvasive

Client learns to help Client learns to help themselves, and can use themselves, and can use the skills in new situations.the skills in new situations.

CBT works (e.g. Kuyken, CBT works (e.g. Kuyken, Fava)Fava)

Particularly when Particularly when combined with drug combined with drug treatment (Keller)treatment (Keller)

WeaknessesWeaknesses

Clients can become dependant Clients can become dependant on their therapist, or non-on their therapist, or non-cooperativecooperative

CBT is not effective for people CBT is not effective for people with rigid attitudes or resistance with rigid attitudes or resistance to change, to change,

or for people who have high or for people who have high stress levels in response to stress levels in response to genuinely difficult life genuinely difficult life circumstances (depressive circumstances (depressive realism)realism)

CBT is not a quick fix. A therapist CBT is not a quick fix. A therapist is like a personal trainer that is like a personal trainer that advises and encourages - but advises and encourages - but cannot 'do' it for the client. cannot 'do' it for the client.

Page 13: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

CHANGE VIEW: CHANGE VIEW: 10 key facts about CBT10 key facts about CBT

CChange: your thoughts and hange: your thoughts and actionsactions

VView: events from another iew: events from another angleangle

HHomework: practice makes omework: practice makes perfectperfect

II can do it: self-help approach can do it: self-help approach

AAction : don't just talk, do! ction : don't just talk, do! EExperience: test out your xperience: test out your beliefsbeliefs

NNeed: pinpoint the problemeed: pinpoint the problem WWrite it down: to remember rite it down: to remember progressprogress

GGoals: move towards themoals: move towards them

EEvidence: shows CBT can workvidence: shows CBT can work

Page 14: Key Assumptions of The Cognitive Perspective

"We are what we think. All that we are arises

with our thought. With our thoughts, we make

our world."

The Buddha