Section A / Bahagian AAnswer all questions / Jawab semua soalan

1. An experiment was carried out to investigate the percentage of vitamin C in fruits by using dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) solution. 0.1% of ascorbic acid solution and a few types of fruit juice such as orange juice, pineapple juice and papaya juice were prepared. Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji peratus vitamin C dalam buah-buahan dengan menggunakan diklorofenolindofenol (DCPIP). Larutan asid askorbik 0.1% dan beberapa jenis jus buah-buahan seperti jus oren, jus nanas dan jus betik turut disediakan.

Diagram 1 shows the materials and apparatus used in this experimentRajah 1 menunjukkan bahan dan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini

Based on Diagram 1, the volume of 0.1% ascorbic acid solution used to decolourise 1 ml of DCPIP solution is 1 ml. Berdasarkan Rajah 1, isi padu larutan asid askorbik 0.1% yang digunakan untuk melunturkan larutan DCPIP 1 ml ialah sebanyak 1 ml.

Table 1.1 shows the volumes of the fruit juices which decolourise 1 ml of DCPIP solutionJadual 1.1 menunjukkan isi padu jus buah-buahan yang melunturkan 1 ml larutan DCPIPType of fruit juiceJenis jus buah-buahanVolume of fruit juice used to decolourise 1 ml of DCPIP solution (ml)Isi padu jus buah yang diperlukan untuk melunturkan 1 ml larutan DCPIP (ml)

OrangeOren 1.5

PineappleNanas 2.5

Papaya Betik 3.5

a) State the aim of this experiment / Nyatakan tujuan eksperimen ini

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1 mark/ 1markah

b) State the following variablesNyatakan pembolehubah berikut

i. Manipulated variable / pembolehubah dimanipulasikan

_________________________________________________________________1 mark/ 1 markah

ii. Responding variable / pembolehubah bergerak balas

_________________________________________________________________1 mark/ 1 markah

c) State two constant variables in this experimentNyatakan dua pemboleh ubah dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini

1. ____________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________2 marks/ 2 markah

d) State a hypothesis for this experimentNyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

1 mark/ 1 markah

e) In Table 1.2, list two materials and apparatus labelled in Diagram 1Dalam Jadual 1.2, senaraikan dua bahan dan radas yang berlabel dalam Rajah 1 (3 marks)

Material / BahanApparatus / Radas

f) The following are the steps in a scientific investigation. Arrange them in the correct sequenceBerikut adalah langkah-langkah dalam penyiasatan saintifik. Susun mengikut urutan yang betul. P - Making conclusion / membuat kesimpulanQ Conducting experiment / menjalankan eksperimenR Making hypothesis / membuat hipotesisS Identifying a problem / mengenalpasti masalahT Planning investigation / merancang penyiasatanU Writing a report/ Menulis laporanV Analysing and interpreting data / analisis dan huraikan dataW Identifying and controlling variables / kenalpasti dan kawal pembolehubahX Collecting data / Kumpul data

Answer : ________________________________________________________________1 mark/ 1 markah

2. Diagram 2 shows three types of human tissuesRajah 2 menunjukkan tiga jenis tisu manusia

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2

a) What is meant by tissue in cell organisation?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan tisu dalam organisasi sel?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1 mark / 1 markah

b) Name the types of tissue labelled P, Q and RNamakan jenis tisu yang berlabel P, Q dan R

P : _____________________________________________________________________Q : _____________________________________________________________________R : _____________________________________________________________________3 marks / 3 markah

c) i. P is the most abundant human tissue. Name three types of tissue PP ialah tisu yang paling banyak dalam manusia. Namakan tiga jenis tisu P

1. _________________________________________________________________2. _________________________________________________________________3. _________________________________________________________________3 marks / 3 markah

ii. Explain how the function of tissue P is related to its structureTerangkan bagaimana fungsi tisu P berkait dengan strukturnya (3 marks)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What is the function of the specialised tissue, Q?Apakah fungsi tisu khusus Q?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1mark / 1 markah

5. Explain the function of tissue RTerangkan fungsi tisu R

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2 marks/ 2 markah

3. Diagram 3.1 and 3.2 show two unicellular organismsRajah 3.1 dan 3.2 menunjukkan dua organisma unisel

Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2

a) Name the unicellular organisms shown in Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2Namakan organisma unisel yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2

Diagram 3.1/ Rajah 3.1 :____________________________________________________Diagram 3.2 / Rajah 3.2 : ___________________________________________________2 marks / 2 markahb) Explain how the exchange of gases occurs in both organismsTerangkan bagaimana pertukaran gas berlaku dalam kedua-dua organisma itu

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 marks / 3 markah

c) The habitat of the organisms is the freshwater pond. Explain how water balance in the cell is controlledHabitat organisma ini ialah kolam air tawar. Terangkan bagaimana keseimbangan air dalam sel dikawal.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 marks / 3 markah

d) Explain how feeding occurs in the organism shown in Diagram 2.2Terangkan bagaimana pemakanan berlaku pada organisma dalam Rajah 2.2

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4 marks / 4 markah

4. Diagram 4 shows three different types of permanent tissue A, B and C, which can be found in plantsRajah 4 menunjukkan tiga jenis tisu kekal yang berbeza, A, B dan C yang terdapat dalam tumbuhan

Diagram 4/ Rajah 4

a) i. What is permanent tissue?Apakah tisu kekal?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1 mark / 1 markah

ii. Name the three types of permanent tissue in plantsNamakan tiga jenis tisu kekal pada tumbuhan

a. ______________________________________________________________b. ______________________________________________________________c. ______________________________________________________________3marks / 3 markah

b) Explain the structure of tissue B which is related to its function in photosynthesisTerangkan struktur tisu B yang berkaitan dengan fungsinya dalam fotosintesis

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3marks/ 3 markahc) i. State the two main systems in plantsNyatakan dua sistem utama dalam tumbuhan 1. __________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________2 marks/ 2markah

ii. Explain why a leaf is an organ in cell organisationTerangkan mengapa sehelai daun adalah organ dalam organisasi sel

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 marks/ 3 markah

5. Diagram 5 shows the structure of the plasma membraneRajah 5 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5

a) On Diagram 5, label the following parts of the plasma membraneLabelkan bahagian-bahagian membran plasma yang berikut pada Rajah 5i. Carrier protein / Protein pembawaii. Phospholipid bilayer / dwilapisan fosfolipidiii. Pore protein / protein liang

b) Name the two types of proteins that are involved in the transportation of substances through the plasma membraneNamakan dua jenis protein yang terlibat dalam pengangkutan bahan merentas membran plasma

1. _________________________________________________________________2. _________________________________________________________________2 marks / 2 markahc) State one characteristic of the phospholipid bilayerNyatakan satu ciri dwilapisan fosfolipid_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1 mark / 1 markah

d) Give two factors that affect the permeability of the plasma membraneBerikan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi ketelapan membran plasma1. ____________________________________________________________________2. ____________________________________________________________________2 marks / 2 markah

e) Name one substance that is transported across the plasma membrane into the cell byNamakan satu bahan yang diangkut merentas membran plasma ke dalam sel melalui ..

i. Facilitated diffusion / resapan berbantu

_________________________________________________________________

ii. Active transport / pengangkutan aktif_________________________________________________________________2 marks / 2 markah

6.

a) i. Name one type of disaccharidesNamakan satu jenis disakarida

1. _____________________________________________________________2. _____________________________________________________________1 mark / 1 markah

b) Diagram 6 shows two examples of polysaccharidesRajah 6 menunjukkan dua contoh polisakarida

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6

i. Name the polysaccharidesNamakan polisakarida tersebut

P : ___________________________________________________________Q : ___________________________________________________________2 marks / 2 markah

SECTION B / BAHAGIAN BAnswer TWO questions only. Each question brings 20 marksJawab DUA soalan sahaja. Setiap soalan membawa 20 markah

1. a) A multicellular organism is made up of many systems. Each system consists of several organs that cooperate to carry out a living process. Explain how the organs in the digestive system cooperate to carry out its functionOrganisma multisel terdiri daripada banyak sistem. Setiap sistem terdiri daripada beberapa organ yang bekerjasama untuk menjalankan proses hidup. Terangkan bagaimana organ-organ dalam sistem pencernaan bekerjasama menjalankan tugasnya. (10 marks/ 10 markah)

b) Explain why cell specialisation is important in multicellular organismsTerangkan mengapa pengkhususan sel adalah penting bagi organisma multisel(4 marks/ 4 markah)c) What is homeostasis and explain why it is important to a cell to regulate its internal environmentApakah homeostasis dan terangkan mengapa ia penting bagi sel untuk mengawal atur persekitaran dalamannya ( 6 marks/ 6 markah)

2. Diagram 7 shows the condition of plant cells in three solutions of different concentrations, P, Q and RRajah 7 menunjukkan keadaan sel tumbuhan di dalam tiga larutan, larutan P, Q dan R yang berbeza kepekatannya

Diagram 7/ Rajah 7

a) Identify solutions P, Q and RKenalpasti larutan P, Q dan R (3 marks/ 3 markah)

b) Explain the condition of each cell in solutions P, Q and RTerangkan keadaan setiap sel di dalam larutan P, Q and R(9 marks/ 9 markah)

c) i. Explain what happens when the plant cell from solution P is immersed in solution R Terangkan apa yang berlaku apabila sel tumbuhan dalam larutan P direndamkan dalam larutan R (4 marks/ 4 markah)ii. Explain what happens when a red blood cell is immersed into solution P and then into solution RTerangkan apa yang berlaku apabila sel darah merah direndamkan dalam larutan P dan kemudiannya direndam dalam larutan R(4 marks / 4 markah)

3. Diagram 8 shows the structure of a unicellular organism which lives in a freshwater pondRajah 8 menunjukkan struktur organisma unisel yang hidup dalam kolam air tawar

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8

a) Explain the function Y in osmoregulation Terangkan fungsi Y dalam osmoregulasi(4 marks/ 4 markah)

b) Explain the similarities and differences between facilitated diffusion and active transport in the movement of molecules across the cell membraneJelaskan persamaan dan perbezaan antara resapan berbantu dengan pengangkutan aktif dalam pergerakan molekul merentasi membran sel.(8 marks/ 8 markah)

c) Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 shows two ways of preserving fish and vegetable. Explain how the preservatives are effective in the preservation of each type of the foodRajah 8.1 dan 8.2 menunjukkan dua cara untuk mengawet ikan dan sayur. Jelaskan bagaimana pengawet itu berkesan dalam pengawetan setiap jenis makanan dalam rajah. (8 marks / 8 markah)

Diagram 8.2Diagram 8.1

4.

a) Explain the importance of water in cellsTerangkan kepentingan air dalam sel (8 marks / 8 markah)

b) i. Describe the structure of nucleic acid Jelaskan struktur asid nukleik (10 marks/ 10 markah)

ii.State two importance of nucleic acids in cellsNyatakan dua kepentingan asid nukleik di dalam sel (2 marks / 2 markah)

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