J.B. Speed School of Engineering University of Louisville

KEEPS Energy Management ToolkitStep 2: Assess Performance & OpportunitiesToolkit 2H: Water Heating

Kentucky Energy Efficiency Program for Schools

KEEPS EnergyManagement Toolkit

Step 2

Assess Performance & Opportunities

Toolkit 2H

Water Heating

2KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

KEEPS Energy Management ToolkitToolkit 2H: Water Heating

KEEPSEnergyManagementToolkit

Toolkit 2HWater Heating

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7-Step Energy Management Process

1. Make the Commitment

2. Assess Performance and Opportunities

3. Set Performance Goals

4. Create an Action Plan

5. Implement the Action Plan

6. Evaluate Progress

7. Recognize Achievements

4KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

Water Heating Overview

• KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Form

• Determining System Efficiency

• KEEPS Water Heating Tool

• Identifying Areas for Savings• Maintenance (flushing of sediment)• Temperature reduction• Timers (electric heater and recirculation pump)• System replacement

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KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Form (Water Heating & Fixtures)

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KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

Determining Efficiency of Systemby AHRI

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KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

Determining Efficiency of Systemby AHRI slide 2

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KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

Determining Efficiency of Systemby AHRI slide 3

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KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

Determining Efficiency of Systemby AHRI slide 4

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KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

Determining Efficiency of Systemby Serial Number

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KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

Energy Factor = heating element energy loss + standby tank loss• Residential-size tanks only (about 75 gal. or less)• EF is determined by test procedure with 6 equal draws of hot water over

a 24-hour time period totaling 64.3 gallons

Thermal Efficiency = heating element energy loss• Commercial-size tanks only (about 75 gal. or more)• TE is determined strictly by the energy loss in the water heating process

—commercial water usage varies widely between commercial sectors and therefore a typical daily hot water draw can not be assumed

• Tankless systems = 0.85 – 0.98 EF/TE

For calculating purposes, we will assume that EF is “18” less than TE.

Energy Factor vs. Thermal Efficiency

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Completed KEEPS Water Heating Tool

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KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

Maintenance (Flushing)

Recommended at least annually

Reduces wear on anode

Increases transfer efficiency

Increased tank capacity

Increased life expectancy

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KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

Temperature Reduction

Cost = $0

3-5% annual energy cost savings per 10°F reduction http://www.energysavers.gov

Payback = Immediate

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KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

Timer Applications

Electric water heaters• Reduced tank standby loss• Installed cost = $100 per timer• Annual savings = $50/timer• Payback = 2 years

Recirculation pump• Reduced pipe standby loss• Installed cost = $100 per timer• Annual savings = > $100• Payback = < 1 year

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KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

Expected life = 15 years

Tankless unit cost = $2,500 (.96 EF)

Heat pump unit cost = $2,500 (2.25 COP)

Cost = $9,000 for solar

Simple payback (heat pump) = 1-5 years

Simple payback (tankless) = 1-5 years

Simple payback (solar) = 12 years

Water Heater Replacement

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KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

• Locate “Water Heating” in the KEEPS Assessment Report and modify respective figures and other necessary words/sentences for your specific school.

• Modify the inset boxes with the results calculated from the KEEPS Water Heating Tool.

KEEPS Report Input

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Resources

• Available for download from the KEEPS Toolkit Library• http://www.kppc.org/KEEPS

J.B. Speed School of Engineering University of Louisville

End of Presentation

(502) 852-0965

www.kppc.org/KEEPS

Kentucky Energy Efficiency Program for Schools

KEEPS is funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the combined efforts of the Kentucky Department for Energy Development and Independence, the U.S. Department of Energy and KPPC.