Kelpak CA Feb 2010
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Presentation by Riaan Lourens Kelp Products Pty Ltd South Africa NORTHWEST 2010 KELPAK PRESENTATION
Transcript of Kelpak CA Feb 2010
Presentation by
Riaan Lourens
Kelp Products Pty Ltd
South Africa
NORTHWEST 2010
KELPAK PRESENTATION
CONTENT
Plant growth regulators
Natural biostimulants
Seaweed product differentiation
Kelpak plant responses
International trial results
Optimum Kelpak application
DEFINITION OF PGR
A compound that stimulates a
physiological response in a plant
part at very low rates,
natural compounds = plant hormones
Levels needed for plant response:
– Macro nutrients: 1-20 g/kg tissue
– Micro nutrients: 10-50 mg/kg
– PGRs: <1-1000 ug/kg
GROUPS OF PGR’s
§ Auxins (AX)
§ Cytokinins (CK)
§ Gibberellins (GA)
§ Ethylene (ET or EI)
§ Abscisic acid
§ Cell division (with CK)
§ Lateral root development
§ Cell enlargement
§ Flower initiation
§ Fruit set/thinning
§ Fruit development
AUXINS
CYTOKININS
§ Cell division (with AX)
§ Lateral bud development
§ Leaf expansion
§ Delay of senescence
§ Change fruit size, shape
GIBBERELLINS
§ Cell elongation
§ Break dormancy
§ Promote flowering
§ Fruit thinning
§ Fruit enlargement
ETHYLENE
§ Fruit ripening & colouring
H H
\ /
C = C
/ \
H H
ABSCISIC ACID
§ General growth inhibitor
§ Colour development
AUX
pre-CK
CK
pre-GA
GA
ETH
pre-ETHpre-ABA
ABA
pre-AUX
inactive AUX
stimulate
inhibit
Plant Hormone Interactions
Because of interaction, ratios of groups are more important than single presence
NATURAL HORMONES
(Biostimulants)
§ Various seaweed products
§ Some plant extracts
§ Microbial/earthworm secretions
SEAWEED PRODUCTS
Different sources:
§ Ascophyllum nodosum
§ Ecklonia maxima
§ Macrocystis pyrifera (cold & warmer waters)
§ Durvillea potatorum (storm cast)
§ Other species in blends
La
A
La
E
M
A
M
Le
Le
DMA
A
D
Ascophylum
Durvillea
E
La
Ecklonia
Laminaria
M
Le
Macrocystis
Lessonia
D
A
A
La
A
D
GLOBAL SEAWEED RECOURCES
Ecklonia maxima
SEAWEED PRODUCTS
Different extractions:
§ Heat
§ Alkaline digestion
§ Freezing
§ Pressure differential (patented)
§ Fermentation
KELPAK
§ Fresh Ecklonia maxima source
§ Pressure differential extraction
§ Stringent quality control procedures
§ Auxin dominant
§ 11 mg Auxin biological equivalent
§ 0.03 mg Cytokinin equivalent
IAA Indole-3-acetic acid
IAAA Indole-3-acetyl-L-aspartic acid
IPia Indole-3-pyruvic acid
IAGly Indole-3-acetylglycine
IPA Indole-3-propionic acid
ILA Indole-3-lactic acid
Major auxins in Kelpak
Auxin Cell
division
Bigger
cells
Lateral
rooting
Fruit
set
Fruit
retention
Bigger
fruit
Fruit
thinning
IAA +++ +++ + ++ 0 + 0
IBA ++ + +++ + 0 0 0
CPA +++ +++ 0 0 ? ++ 0
NAA + ? ++ + ++ + ++
NAD + + + 0 0 ++ +++
Synthetic auxin effects
Different auxins have different plant responses
Organic Food Program
Registered Material
In accordance with chapter 15.86 Revised Code of Washington and rules as
set forth in chapter 16-160 WAC, the following material has been verified to
comply with 7 CFR, Part 205 United States Department of Agriculture
National Organic Program.
Kelpak
Material Type: Fertilizer & Soil Amendment
Material Sub-Type: Kelp
Restrictions on Use: None
Registered by: Caltec Agri Marketing Services
John Monnich
1420 F Street #100
Modesto, CA 95354
Registration valid through October 31, 2010.
Issue date: January 17, 2010
Miles McEvoy
Organic Program Manager
Organic Approval
Kelpak plant responses
Typical plant responses:
§ Prolific lateral rooting
§ Improve plant vigour
§ Increase fruit/seed set
§ Increase fruit retention
§ Increase fruit/tuber size/yields
§ Improve fruit colour
§ Improve crop storage quality
Plant Hormonal Activity
Auxins
Cytokinins
Plant Hormonal Activity
Auxins/Kelpak
Root growth
stimulated
Mung bean rooting response
Kelpak
Typical plant responses:
§ Prolific lateral rooting
§ Improve plant vigour
§ Increase fruit/seed set
§ Increase fruit retention
§ Increase fruit/tuber size/yields
§ Improve fruit colour
§ Improve crop storage quality
Secondary Effect
More root tips,
More cytokinin production
Higher cytokinin levels
Increase in foliar
growth
Top growth 15 d after treatment
Kelpak
Typical plant responses:
§ Prolific lateral rooting
§ Improve plant vigour
§ Increase fruit/seed set
§ Increase fruit retention
§ Increase fruit/tuber size/yields
§ Improve fruit colour
§ Improve crop storage quality
Control Kelpak
Fruitset/retention
Kelpak
Typical plant responses:
§ Prolific lateral rooting
§ Improve plant vigour
§ Increase fruit/seed set
§ Increase fruit retention
§ Increase fruit/tuber size/yields
§ Improve fruit colour
§ Improve crop storage quality
AUX
pre-CK
CK
pre-GA
GA
ETH
pre-ETH
pre-ABA
ABA
primary
More root tips
secondary
Auxin application interactions
Fruit maturation
(starch to sugar)
Fruit sizing
Fruit set, retention
Fruit colour development
Feathering
Foliar growth
More chlorophyll,
photosynthesis
Kelpak trials up to 2000
Early applications focused on rooting,
vegetative growth and yields of:
Cereals
Row crops
Vegetables
Nursery and new plantings
Potatoes - Germany
Unreplicated trial on 60 potato varieties
Applications:
Kelpak 4 L/ha at 10-12 cm crown
Kelpak 4 L/ha at 10-12 cm crown and 2 L/ha 14 days later
Results:
17% yield increase over all varieties
16% tuber number increase over all varieties
42 varieties had yield >10% for either 1 or 2 applications
53 varieties had yield >5% for either 1 or 2 applications
7 varieties did not respond with either 1 or 2 applications
Kelpak trials from 2000
Applications focused on perennial crops:
Pre-flowering for root and shoot development
(strawberries, wine grapes)
From flowering to set to increase set
(nuts, cherries, berries)
From set to increase fruit retention and size
(pome, stone, nuts, table grape)
Verasion and after for fruit colour and sugar
(table grape, cherries, stone)
Kelpak on Almonds in CA
Ave of 9 evaluations; 4 locations; 3 varieties
Kelpak @ 2 to 3 L/ha X 3+27%
Optimum Kelpak Application
§ pH lower than 7
§ Do not dilute more than 1:500 (0.2%)
§ Not too frequent – 14 day interval
§ Compatible with most agrochemicals
