KC, Laxman Kim, Jared T.

Motoki, Michael S.

Outline of the presentation

�Magnitude and cost

�Social and economic benefit �Social and economic benefit

�Technical issues and innovations

�Social problems and policy challenges

Project Location

Overview� On average, 10 MGD of raw wastewater was discharged into

Tijuana River

� Pollution problem existed since the 1930’s.

� "virtual cesspool" of pollution and disease.

� Tijuana city had rapid growth rate � Tijuana city had rapid growth rate (6%)

� Poor waste management

� US Congress Authorized in 1989

� Both the countries agreed in 1990

� Project was jointly regulated by the US- EPA & Mexico’s -CESPT.

Contd.� 1998 the EPA put out a SEIS

regarding secondary treatment options

� Primary effluent discharges � Primary effluent discharges violated federal and state water quality legislation

� Currently, secondary treatment facilities being under construction

Magnitude � Total cost: $439M

� Site area: 75-acres

� Plant capacity:

� 25 MGD (Avg)

� 75MGD (Peak)� 75MGD (Peak)

� South Bay Ocean Outfall

� Total Length: 7.25KM

� submerged length 5.5km and 30m depth

� Current SBOO effluent discharge from IWTP = 25 MGD

Construction

Primary Treatment Plant (1st phase)

� Began in 1994

� Completed in 1997

� Cost of $239 million� Cost of $239 million

South Bay Ocean Outfall

� Began in 1995

� Completed in December 1998

� Cost of $200 million

FinancingUnited States

� Construction = $239.4 million

� Financed South Bay Ocean Outfall - $8 million

Mexico

� Construction = $16.8 million

� Operation/Maintenance = $1.1 million per year

� Completely financing sewage collection system expansion

� Total:

$247.4 million

collection system expansion

Total:

� Current: $16.8+$1.1*12 = $30.0 million

� Will be equal with the US financial contribution in the year 2206, (not counting for inflation).

Before the IWTPBefore the IWTP

� Beach closures were common

� 338 temporary beach

closures/advisories

(1995)

� 3 long-term beach

closures (1995)

� Raw sewage posed a

serious public heath

threat

Social Benefits

� Protects public from

exposure to raw sewage

� Insures safe public access

to beachesto beaches

� Improved sewer

infrastructure in Mexico

� Maintain San Diego’s

appeal as a tourist

destination

Economic Benefits

Economic Benefits

� Tourism

� Third largest segment of its economy

� $5.6 billion annually� $5.6 billion annually

� A two day beach closure in San Diego costs

$30,525 in direct expenses.

� Annual lost revenue from tourism was estimated to be

around $100 million (1993)

Technical Innovations

Innovations of the SBOO

� Tunneling minimized environmental impacts to a

local salt marsh and barrier dune habitat

� The ocean outfall reduces energy and chemical

usage by eliminating the need for chlorination.

� Diffusers were designed to spread effluent to

prevent eutrophication and creating a “dead

zone”.

Technical Issues

� Secondary treatment

� Incompliant with EPA regulations

� Addressing winter storms� Addressing winter storms

� Keeping pace with Tijuana’s rapid growth

Social Problems & Policy

Challenges

�Trans-border Cooperation� Financing

� OperationOperation

�Permits

�Clean Water Act requirements

Conclusion� Provides necessary wastewater treatment to Tijuana,

Mexico.

� Reduces the number of beach closures and minimizes

public health threat.

Allows San Diego to maintain appeal as a major tourist � Allows San Diego to maintain appeal as a major tourist

destination - prevents damage to its tourism industry

and economy as a whole.

� IWTP must build additional facilities to become

complaint with EPA regulations.

THE ENDTHE ENDTHE ENDTHE END

Thank You!Thank You!