kaxa gabunia maia inasariZe mzia wereTelicciir.ge/upload/multi/geo/1327315422_enis shefaseba...

enis Sefaseba da testireba

1

kaxa gabunia

maia inasariZe

mzia wereTeli


(damxmare saxelmZRvanelo maswavleblebisTvis)

`saimedo~

Tbilisi, 2011


2

saxelmZRvanelo gamoicema euTos erovnul umciresobaTa

umaRlesi komisris ofisis mxardaWeriT proeqtis „multi-

lingvuri ganaTlebis reformis xelSewyoba saqarTveloSi“

farglebSi. proeqti xorcieldeba `samoqalaqo integraciisa

da erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centris (CCIIR)~ mier.

The textbook is published in the framework of the project “Supporting Multi-

lingual Educational Reform in Georgia”. The project is funded by the office of

OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. The project is imple-

mented by the Center for Civil Integration and Inter-Ethnic Relations

(CCIIR).

konsultanti: ligita grigule (latvia)

redaqtori

Salva tabataZe

ISBN 978-9941-0-4090-0

© samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centri


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Sinaarsi

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 4 Tavi 1, Sefasebis arsi da mniSvneloba saswavlo procesSi . . gv. 5 1. Sefasebis miznebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 5 2. Sefasebis ZiriTadi principebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 7 3. Sefasebis sami tipi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 9 4. Sefasebis saxeebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 10 5. Sefasebis procesi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 14 6. Sefasebis formebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 18 7. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebi Sefasebis mimarT . . . gv. 21 Tavi 2, enobrivi unarebis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 22 Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 22 1. zepirmetyvelebis (mosmenisa da laparakis) unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gv. 25

a. mosmenis unaris Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 25 b. laparakis unaris Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 35 2. wignierebis (kiTxvisa da weris unarebis) Sefaseba . . . . . . . . gv. 39 a. kiTxva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 39 b. wera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 54 g. leqsika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 59 d. gramatika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 61 3. TviTSefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 68 Tavi 3, testirebis mniSvneloba meore enis swavlebis

procesSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 78

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 78 1. testebis kategoriebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 82 2. testis ZiriTadi ganzomilebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 92 3. testis ZiriTadi Teoriebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 112 4. testis Sedgenis safexurebi (etapebi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 115 5. testuri davalebebis tipebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 131 6. damatebiTi rCevebi testis SeqmnisaTvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 143 7. testirebis monacemebis pirveladi analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 146 Tavi 4, Sefasebis meTodebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 151 1. skalebis SemuSavebis meTodebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 151 a. intuitiuri meTodebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 153 b. Tvisebrivi meTodebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 154 g. raodenobrivi meTodebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 156 Tavi 5, bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . gv. 160 1. bilingvuri ganaTlebis arsi da Sefasebis mniSvneloba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gv. 160

2. orenovnebis (bilingvizmis) Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 163 3. meore enis Sefaseba bilingvur gakveTilze . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 169 4. bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 216 terminTa ganmarteba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 226 gamoyenebuli literatura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 235


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Sesavali

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xuT ZiriTad siaxleTa Soris upirve-

lesi aris is, rom `saganmanaTleblo procesis centrSi dgas mos-

wavle da miRweuli Sedegi (mniSvnelovania ara imdenad is, Tu ris

swavlebas cdilobs maswavlebeli, aramed is, Tu ra iswavla moswav-

lem)~. orientacia TiToeul moswavlesa da Sedegze Tvisebrivad

cvlis Sefasebis sistemas. Sefasebis saSualebiT ganisazRvreba im

saswavlo Sedegebis miRwevis xarisxi, romlebic standartiT aris

gaTvaliswinebuli.

saswavlo procesis Sefaseba aris saswavlo miznebis miRwevis

xarisxis damdgeni monacemebis Segrovebis, aRricxvisa da analizis

mudmivi procesi, moswavleTa warmatebisa da progresis

Tanamimdevruli Seswavla.

swavlebis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi Sefasebas

mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs. maswavlebelma unda icodes, Tu ra,

rodis, ratom da rogor unda Seafasos. maswavlebeli, pirvel rigSi,

gegmavs, Tu ra Sedegs (an Sedegebs) surs, rom miaRwios; Semdeg

gegmavs, Tu rogor Seafasos, aRwevs Tu ara igi am Sedegs da bolos,

gansazRvravs im saSualebebs, romliTac igi am Sedegis miRwevas

Seecdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, Sefasebis roli umniSvnelovanesia

swored imitom, rom misi saSualebiT maswavlebeli gansazRvravs da

adgens im saSualebebs, riTac man sasurvel Sedegebs unda miaRwios.

Aamdenad, Sefasebis procesSi dgeba ramdenime mniSvnelovani kiTxva:

risTvis vafasebT (Sefasebis mizani)?

ras vafasebT (Sefasebis sagani)?

rogor vafasebT (Sefasebis xerxebi, instrumentebi)?

vis vafasebT (Sefasebis obieqti)?

rodis vafasebT (ra sixSiriT, ra vadebSi)?

rogor viyenebT Sefasebis Sedegebs (monacemTa analizi)?


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Tavi 1

Sefasebis arsi da mniSvneloba

saswavlo procesSi

1. Sefasebis miznebi

saswavlo procesis Sefasebis ZiriTadi miznebia:

calkeuli moswavlisa Tu moswavleTa jgufis

ganviTarebaze xangrZlivi da uwyveti dakvirveba;

swavlebisa da swavlis procesis mudmivi Seswavla,

monacemTa Sekreba da Sedegebis aRnusxva-wardgena;

moswavleTa, maswavlebelTa, mSobelTa, skolis

direqciisa da sazogadoebis (dainteresebis SemTxvevaSi)

informireba swavlebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb;

moswavleTa saswavlo moTxovnilebebisa da saWiroebebis

dadgena da Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebisaTvis xelis

Sewyoba;

saswavlo programebis Semdgomi daxvewa;

swavlebis samomavlo procesebis ganxilva mSoblebTan da

skolis xelmZRvanelobasTan erTad da Semdgomi

srulyofa;

swavlisadmi Segnebuli damokidebulebis stimulireba

moswavleebSi;

dainteresebuli mxareebis informireba erovnuli

saswavlo gegmisa da skolis saswavlo gegmis Sesrulebis

mimdinareobis Sesaxeb;


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moswavleTaTvis Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis unaris

ganviTareba;

swavlisadmi pozitiuri damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba,

iniciativebisa da aqtiurobis waxaliseba;

calkeuli sagnebisa Tu sagnobrivi sferoebis swavlebaSi

arsebuli viTarebis dadgena;

swavlis procesis efeqtiani warmarTva da misi

koreqtireba; auTvisebeli masalis, Secdomebis gamovlena

da Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis gansazRvra;

saswavlo gegmebis (standartebis) Sesrulebisa da

miRwevadobis Sefaseba calkeul sagnebSi;

swavlebisa da swavlisaTvis saWiro aqtivobebis SerCeva

da dagegmva maswavleblis mier;

xelis Sewyoba motivaciuri garemos CamoyalibebisaTvis;

saswavlo strategiebis daxvewa;

saganmanaTleblo resursebis ufro efeqtianad gamoyeneba;

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTareba;

saskolo procesebis Seswavla da koordinirebuli saq-

mianobisaTvis xelSewyoba;

moswavleebis samomavlo moswrebis prognozireba;

Sefasebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswineba skolis ganviTarebis

gegmis Sesadgenad.


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2. Sefasebis ZiriTadi principebi

Sefaseba eyrdnoba Semdeg principebs:

moswavleTa asakobrivi ganviTarebis Taviseburebebis gaTvalis-

wineba. Sefasebis procesSi ar SeiZleba davisaxoT miznad imis

Sefaseba, rac ar Seesabameba moswavleTa asaks;

moswavleTa SesaZleblobebisa da ganviTarebis tempis

gaTvaliswineba. Sefasebis kriteriumebis SerCevis an Sedegebis

prognozirebisas didia Secdomebis daSvebis riski, Tu ar viciT

moswavleTa SesaZleblobebi da moviTxoveT maTgan is, rac ar

Seesabameba maTi ganviTarebis temps. SefasebiT

gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi / kriteriumebi arc Zalian unda

aRematebodes am maCveneblebs da arc unda CamorCebodes. is unda

Seesabamebodes an SeiZleba da sasurvelicaa, odnav uswrebdes

moswavlis ganviTarebis temps;

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiTa da standartebiT gansazRvruli

moTxovnebis dacva. Sefaseba unda iTvaliswinebdes, upirveles

yovlisa, erovnuli saswavlo gegmiTa da standartebiT

gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs da skolis saswavlo gegmiT (Tu

aseTi skolas aqvs) gansazRvrul standartebs;

obieqturobis dacva winaswar SemuSavebuli da SeTanxmebuli

kriteriumebis safuZvelze. moswavlem unda icodes, ra

kriteriumebiT Seafaseben mis saswavlo saqmianobas.

sasurvelia, maswavlebelma moswavleebTan erTad SeimuSaos es

kriteriumebi an standartiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebis

mixedviT Tavad Camoayalibos da Semdeg ganixilos klasSi. es,

erTi mxriv, uzrunvelyofs Sefasebis obieqturobas, xolo,

meore mxriv, xels Seuwyobs TviTSefasebis unaris ganviTarebas;


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Sefasebis Sedegebis sandoobis uzrunvelyofa. unda vicodeT

zustad, ras vafasebT da darwmunebuli unda viyoT imaSi, rom

Sefasebis Sedegebi sworia. sandoobis misaRwevad sasurvelia

Sefasebis ganmeoreba garkveul periodSi. monacemebi sandoa, Tu

Sedegi ganmeorebadia;

Sefasebis sizustis (validobis) uzrunvelyofa. Sefasebis

efeqtianobis gansazRvra SeiZleba monacemebis zusti analiziT,

rac miiRweva sazomi saSualebebis SesabamisobiT gasazom

obieqtTan. Tu SefasebiTi RonisZieba mTeli Tavisi SinaarsiT

namdvilad afasebs im aspeqts, romlis Sefasebac gvinda,

Sefaseba validuria.;

Riaoba da gamWvirvaloba. Sefasebis Sedegebi da misi analizi

Ria da gamWvirvale unda iyos yvela dainteresebuli pirisaTvis

(cxadia, es ar niSnavs imas, rom calkeuli moswavlis Sefasebis

Sedegad aRmoCenili Secdomebze sajarod visaubroT).


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3. Sefasebis sami tipi

imis mixedviT, ras adareben Sesafasebel sagans / obieqts,

ganasxvaveben Sefasebis sam tips: normaze orientirebuls,

kriteriumze orientirebuls da pirovnebaze orientirebuls (enaTa

flobis... (1), 2008, gv. 178)

Tu xdeba calkeuli moswavleebis moswrebis Sedareba, an

moswavlis moswrebisa _ dadgenil normasTan (norma ganisazRvreba

romelime jgufis moswrebiT), maSin es aris normaze orientirebuli

Sefaseba (enaTa flobis... (1), 2008, gv. 178).

magaliTad: niko wels mexuTea moswrebiT klasSi; ninos 120

qulidan aqvs 62 qula.

Tu moswavlis moswrebas adareben winaswar dadgenil

kriteriumebs, maSin es kriteriumze orientirebuli Sefasebaa.,

romelic adgens, miaRwia Tu ara moswavlem kriteriumebiT

gansazRvrul dones an ramdenma moswavlem miaRwia amas klasSi.

magaliTad, klasSi yvelas SeuZlia wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarsis

gageba da sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva; kaxa zustad iwers

eqsperimentis Sedegebs da akeTebs logikur daskvnebs.

Tu moswavlis moswrebas adareben mis warsul moswrebas, es aris

pirovnebaze orientirebuli Sefaseba. am SefasebiT advilad dgindeba

moswavlis individualuri progresi. magaliTad, qeTis meore

semestrSi prezentaciis komponentSi ori quliT meti aqvs wina

semestrTan SedarebiT; weriT davalebebSi giorgi aRar uSvebs uxeS

sintaqsur Secdomebs.

cxadia, dgeba kiTxva: CamoTvlilTagan romeli gamoviyenoT? pasuxi

yvelasaTvis naTelia, visac saswavlo procesTan Sexeba aqvs:

pedagogiur praqtikaSi samive gamoiyeneba. TiToeulis gamoyenebas

gansazRvravs Sefasebis mizani, Tumca Sedegze da pirovnebaze

orientirebuli swavlebis pirobebSi upiratesoba eniWeba kriteriumsa

da pirovnebaze orientirebul Sefasebas.


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4. Sefasebis saxeebi

ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba

Sefasebis ori umniSvnelovanesi forma, romelic swavlisa da

swavlebis ganuyofel nawils warmoadgens, aris ganmaviTarebeli

da ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba. mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma

icodes, Tu rodis da ra konkretuli miznisTvis unda gamoiyenos

Sefasebis erTi an meore forma.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania, rom daexmaros moswavles

Sedegebis gaumjobesebaSi sxvadasxva rCevis, rekomendaciis Tu

problemis gadaWris gzebis SeTavazebiT. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis

dros moswavle maswavleblisgan gakeTebuli komentarebis

saSualebiT mudmivad iRebs iseT informacias, romelic mas

Sedegebis gaumjobesebasa da sakuTari swavlis gacnobierebaSi

exmareba. aseve ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania, rom

maswavlebelma moswavleebis susti da Zlieri mxareebis dadgenis

Semdeg ukeT dagegmos saswavlo procesi.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis tipuri formebia zepiri da weri-

lobiTi komentarebi, romlebic trimestris ganmavlobaSi an

trimestris bolos keTdeba. komentarebi aRwers moswavlis (da misi

namuSevrebis) Zlier da sust mxareebs da, amavdroulad, Seicavs

rekomendaciebs swavlis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb. ganmaviTarebeli

Sefasebis gavrcelebuli xerxebia Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis

cxrilebis gamoyeneba da am cxrilebis safuZvelze Sesabamisi

rekomendaciebis micema.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba moswavlis ganviTarebaze da swav-

lebazea orientirebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, aseTi saxis Sefase-

bisas ar aris aucilebeli, rom maswavlebelma moswavleebs qula

dauweros.


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ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis mizania moswavleTa miRwevebis donis

gansazRvra saswavlo gegmasTan da saswavlo miznebTan mimarTebiT.

ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba, faqtobrivad, aris qula, romelsac

maswavlebeli uwers moswavles konkretuli Temis an sakiTxis

dasrulebis Semdeg trimestris ganmavlobaSi an trimestris/wlis

bolos. ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis mizniT, maswavlebeli iyenebs

sxvadasxva Semajamebel aqtivobas, magaliTad, prezentacias,

proeqts, tests, sakontrolo weras da a.S. ganmsazRvreli

Sefasebis ZiriTadi daniSnuleba swavlisa da swavlebis Sedegebis

Semowmeba-Sefasebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, qulis dawera

ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis savaldebulo moTxovnaa. qulis saxiT

micemuli ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba moswavlis miRwevebis donis

ganmsazRvrelia da mas ar axlavs komentarebi an rekomendaciebi

Sedegebis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb.

mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebeli sistematurad iyenebdes

orives: ganmsazRvrel da ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas. amave dros,

sasurvelia, ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis wili ufro meti iyos,

vidre ganmsazRvrelis.

rogorc iTqva, ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba Sedegze, anu niSanzea

orientirebuli, xolo ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba - moswavlis

ganviTarebasa da Sedegebis gaumjobesebaze. am orive miznis

misaRwevad maswavlebeli sistematurad iyenebs Sefasebis sam saxes:

diagnostikurs, mimdinares, anu formatuls da Semajamebels.

diagnostikuri SefasebiT miRebuli informacia gamoiyeneba

calkeuli moswavlis an moswavleTa jgufis saswavlo saWiroebebis

dasadgenad da igi gvexmareba saswavlo miznebis sworad

gansazRvraSi, am miznebis miRwevis optimaluri gzebis monaxvaSi.

diagnostikuri Sefaseba, rogorc wesi, tardeba saswavlo wlis

dasawyisSi an axali Temis swavlebamde. misi mizania moswavlis

momzadebis sawyisi donis dadgena. diagnostikuri Sefasebis


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saSualebiT Cven vigebT, ra viTarebaa klasSi, arian Tu ara

moswavleebi mzad axali saprogramo masalis aTvisebisaTvis, ra

sirTuleebi SeiZleba Segveqmnas da rogor davZlioT isini.

moswavlis momzadebis sawyisi donis dadgena saSualebas gvaZlevs,

Tvali gavadevnoT mis individualur progress garkveul periodSi.

aseT SemTxvevaSi moswavlis Sedegebs vadarebT ara dadgenil

standarts, aramed sawyis dones.

mimdinare, anu formatuli Sefaseba xdeba yovel gakveTilze,

yoveldRe, yoveli aqtivobis dros. ar aris savaldebulo qulebiT

Sefaseba. CvenTvis mniSvnelovania is, rom aseTi Sefaseba gvaZlevs

moswavlis mravalmxrivi Seswavlis saSualebas, kerZod, ra saxis

saqmianoba izidavs da ra _ ara, rogoria misi swavlis stili

(swavlobs mosmeniT, kiTxviT, weriT, keTebiT., aqvs mTlianobiTi aRqma

Tu sagnebsa da movlenebs danawevrebulad aRiqvams, Teoretikosi Tu

pragmatistia da a.S.), ra uZneldeba, ra uadvildeba, SeuZlia Tu ara

koncentracia, aqvs Tu ara winsvla, Tu ara _ ra aris

warumateblobis mizezi an ra ganapirobebs mis warmatebas, aqvs Tu

ara ganviTarebuli SemoqmedebiTi, saazrovno da socialuri unarebi,

rogoria misi interesebis sfero, individualuri Taviseburebebi, ra

Zlieri da susti mxareebi aqvs. mimdinare Sefasebis procesSi

mniSvnelovania ara imdenad qulebis dawera (niSniT Sefaseba),

ramdenadac Cveni rCevebi, ra da rogor gaaumjobesos. formatuli

Sefaseba moswavlis Sesaxeb amomwurav, mravalmxriv informacias

iZleva da obieqturobis garantia.

amasTan, mimdinare anu formatuli Sefaseba maswavlebels aZlevs

sakuTari yoveldRiuri saqmianobis refleqsiis SesaZleblobas. imaze

dayrdnobiT, ramdenad miaRwia sagakveTilo mizans, ra codna da unar-

Cvevebi gamoavlines moswavleebma, ra daZlies da ra _ vera,

maswavlebels SeuZlia Seafasos dagegmili aqtivobebis efeqtianoba,

SerCeuli masalis sirTule, klasis marTvis, organizebis unari da

sxv.


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Semajamebeli Sefaseba adgens moswavlis warmatebas swavlebisa da

swavlis konkretul etapze: Temis dasrulebisas, semestris bolos,

saswavlo wlis bolos. aseTi Sefasebisas mowmdeba is, Tu ramdenad

miaRwia calkeulma moswavlem da moswavleTa jgufma standartiT

gaTvaliswinebul Sedegs / Sedegebs. swored Semajamebeli Sefasebis

Sedegebis analizze dayrdnobiT vakeTebT daskvnas, ramdenad

Sesrulda erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi.

testebi, sakontrolo wera, konferencia, Semajamebeli diskusia,

CaTvlebi, proeqti da sxv. Semajamebeli Sefasebis is xerxebia,

romlebic xels uwyoben daskvnebis gakeTebas.

mimdinare, anu formatuli da Semajamebeli Sefaseba avsebs

erTmaneTs da gvaZlevs moswavlis an moswavleTa jgufis miRwevebis

dadgenis obieqtur suraTs.


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5. Sefasebis procesi

Semajamebel Sefasebas win unda uZRodes saswavlo procesis

monitoringi. monitoringi aris saswavlo procesze meTvalyureoba,

dakvirveba, romlis Sedegadac miRebuli monacemebi (procesis zusti

aRricxva) safuZvlad edeba analizsa da Sefasebas. mniSvnelovania,

rom monitoringis mimdinareobisas Tavi avaridoT SefasebiT

damokidebulebebs. mTavaria, zustad vicodeT, ras vakvirdebiT da

rogor, ra formiT aRvnusxoT monitoringis sagnis TiToeuli aspeqti

ise, rom masze dafuZnebuli Sefaseba obieqturi iyos.

informaciis Segroveba. maswavlebeli mudmivad unda agrovebdes

informacias moswavlis progresis, warmatebebis Sesaxeb. am

monacemebis safuZvelze iqmneba e.w. monacemTa baza, romelic mas

aZlevs saSualebas droulad miawodos saWiro rCevebi moswavles da

saswavlo procesSive moaxdinos xarvezebis koreqtireba. sasurvelia

Segrovebuli informaciis organizeba, misi klasificireba da

kategorizacia.

analizi. es SesaZlebelia ara marto informaciis SegrovebiT,

aramed Sefasebis sxvadasxva xerxebiT mopovebuli monacemebis

analiziT. maswavleblebi analizisTvis ZiriTadad moswavleTa mier

saSinao davalebebis, sakontrolo werebis, saklaso savarjiSoebis

Sesrulebis monacemebs eyrdnobian, magram arsebobs kidev sxva

xerxebic, romelTa gamoyenebac aranakleb mniSvnelovan masalas

iZleva analizisaTvis.

dakvirveba. monacemTa bazis Sesaqmnelad da SemdgomSi moswavlis

SefasebisaTvis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli da mniSvnelovani xerxia


15

dakvirveba. es aris mudmivi procesi, romelic gulisxmobs

moswavleze dakvirvebas sxvadasxva saswavlo Tu arasaswavlo

(dasvenebebze, sportul moednebze / darbazSi da sxv.), situaciaSi

imis mixedviT, Tu ra informaciis miReba surs maswavlebels.

dakvirvebamde unda ganisazRvros, romel moswavles / moswavleebs

vakvirdebiT da ras, romel unar-Cvevas vakvirdebiT (saswavlo unar-

Cvevebs, saazrovno unarebs ZiriTadad gakveTilebze vakvirdebiT,

xolo socialur unar-Cvevebs _ gakveTilze wyvilebsa Tu jgufebSi

muSaobisas da arasaswavlo situaciebSi).

dakvirveba rom saimedo iyos, saWiroa Canawerebis an CaniSvnebis

gakeTeba. dakvirvebis Canawerebi mokle da informaciuli unda iyos.

Canaweri SeiZleba iyos konkretulic, rogoricaa, magaliTad, sandrom

dRes kargi prezentacia gaakeTa. da zogadic, rogoricaa, magaliTad,

sandro karg prezentaciebs akeTebs. Canawerebis sxva magaliTebia:

salome jgufSi kargad muSaobs, komunikabeluria da mosmenac

SeuZlia. ninos gauWirdaUyuradRebis koncentracia; daTom dRes

Zalian nela imuSava.

aseTi saxis Canawerebi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa did jgufebTan

muSaobisas, rodesac maswavlebels dro ar rCeba yovelTvis Tanabari

yuradReba miaqcios TiToeul moswavles. Canawerebi mas exmareba imis

dadgenaSi, Tu romel moswavles konkretulad ra daxmareba sWirdeba.

komentari (gamoxmaureba) mimdinare Sefasebis kidev erTi meTodia.

komentari is informaciaa, romelsac maswavlebeli awvdis moswavles

imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor afasebs igi moswavlis konkretul pasuxs an

mis mier Sesrulebul konkretul davalebas.

komentarebi moswavles damatebiTi fiqrisa da samuSaos

Sesrulebisken ubiZgebs, rac moswavlis mier Secdomis gacnobierebas,

damoukidebeli samuSaos Catarebas, kvlevisa da Ziebis unar-Cvevis

ganviTarebas da weriTi metyvelebis donis gaumjobesebas gamoiwvevs.

arsebobs `arafrismomcemi komentarebic~. isini ufro zogadi


16

xasiaTisaa da Secdoma mxolod dasaxelebulia. aseTi komentarebis

mixedviT moswavle ver SeZlebs Secdomis gamosworebas, mis

gacnobiereba-damaxsovrebas da amave Secdomas, savaraudod, momaval

nawerebSic gaimeorebs. aseve, imgvar komentarebs, romelTa wakiTxvis

Semdegac moswavle avtomaturad Caasworebs xarvezs da romlebic

mas damatebiTi fiqris, muSaobisa da Ziebisken ar ubiZgebs.

gTavazobT damxmare komentaris ramdenime nimuSs:

1. Cem mier moniSnul winadadebaSi ZiriTadi azri gasagebia, magram

igi Zalian grZelia da, Sesabamisad, saTqmeli bundovani xdeba.

amitom umjobesia, dayoT es winadadeba or-sam SedarebiT mokle

winadadebad. TiToeuls dausviT Sesabamisi sasveni niSani da

kargad gadaamowmeT (xmamaRla waikiTxeT), raTa mkafio gaxdes

saTqmeli; kargi iqneba, Tuki winadadebas gamarTvis Semdeg sxvasac

moasmeninebT.

2. –isgan da -idan formaTa aRreva, sazogadod, xSirad xdeba da

amitom saWiroa davimaxsovroT Semdegi wesi: -gan gamoiyeneba

masalis an mizezis aRsaniSnavad. moniSnul winadadebaSi ki

xazgasmul sityvas daesmis kiTxva saidan? Dda aRniSnavs adgils.

maSasadame, unda gamoviyenoT –idan forma da ara –isgan.

3. zusti sityvis misadageba konteqstisTvis arcTu ise iolia; me

moginiSne is adgilebi, sadac es problema davinaxe. ganmartebiT

leqsikonSi moiZie Sen mier gamoyenebuli sityvis mniSvneloba,

Semdeg sinonimTa leqsikonSi moZebne alternativebi da airCie,

romeli ufro miesadageba mocemul konteqsts.

arafrismomcemi komentarebis nimuSebi:

1. azri gaugebaria. gramatikulad gamarTe winadadeba.

2. yuradReba miaqcieT punqtuacias, gansakuTrebiT mZimeebs!

3. Secdomaa, Cans teqsti ar ici kargad!

konsultaciebi. moswavleebze srulyofili informaciis Sesagro-

veblad (es ki maqsimalurad amcirebs Sefasebis araobieqturobas) sa-


17

survelia mudmivi konsultaciebi mSoblebTan, kolegebTan, moswav-

leebTan. konsultaciebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sxva xerxebiT Segrove-

buli informaciis gadasamowmeblad. konsultaciebis Sedegad maswav-

leblis rekomendaciebi gacilebiT ufro sasargeblo xdeba.

Sedareba. moswavlis ganviTarebis donis, misi progresis Sesafa-

seblad rekomendebulia Sefasebis yovel etapze misi Sedegebi Seva-

daroT winandeli Sefasebis Sedegebs. iqidan gamomdinare, ris Sedare-

ba gvinda, varCevT monacemTa bankidan Cveni miznis Sesabamis monace-

mebs.


18

6. Sefasebis formebi

Sefasebis procesi Sefasebis sxvadasxva formas emyareba. es SeiZ-

leba iyos zepiri gamokiTxva, weriTi samuSao, testireba, diskusiebi,

proeqti, CaTvla an gamocda, saqaRalde, anu e.w. “portfolio”, TviT-

Sefaseba da urTierTSefaseba da sxva.

zepiri gamokiTxva aris moswavlis individualuri Sefasebis

forma, romelic amowmebs codnas da Txrobis, prezentaciisa da kiTx-

vebze adekvaturi pasuxebis gacemis unars.

weriTi samuSao aris moswavlis individualuri Sefasebis for-

ma, romelic amowmebs codnas, azrovnebiT da weriT unar-Cvevebs sa-

kontroloebis, damoukidebeli saklaso samuSaoebis, weriTi saSinao

davalebebis safuZvelze. weriT samuSaos miekuTvneba testebic, Tumca

aq suraTi araerTgvarovani SeiZleba gvqondes. aris testebi, romle-

bic erT swor pasuxs iTxoven (Tundac ramdenime savaraudodan erTis

Semoxazvas). maSin aseTi testebi ZiriTadad informaciuli codnis

Sefasebis saSualebas iZleva.

Zalian xSirad weriT namuSevrebSi maswavleblebi aRniSnaven Sec-

domebs da ise weren niSans, rom moswavlisaTvis Zneli gasagebia, ra-

tom miiRo es niSani an ra Secdoma aqvs. sasurvelia, nawers gavuke-

ToT komentarebi, romlebiTac mivuTiTebT moswavles, ra saxis Sec-

domaa daSvebuli, ras miaqcios yuradReba an ra unda gaiTvaliswinos

momavalSi naweris gasaumjobeseblad.

diskusiebis dros maswavlebeli uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa Cab-

mas iseTi sakiTxis ganxilvaSi, romelzec alternatiuli Tvalsazri-

sebi SeiZleba iyos. es qmnis moswavleTa codnisa da rogorc azrov-

nebiTi, ise komunikaciuri unarebis Sefasebis saSualebas.

proeqti es aris romelime problemis individualuri an jgu-

furi (SeiZleba wyvilebSi) gadaWra, romliTac fasdeba moswavleebis


19

ara marto codna, aramed saazrovno, komunikaciuri da socialuri

unarebi, SemoqmedebiToba da cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba.

proeqtis dagegmvis dros unda ganisazRvros problema (gaTvaliswi-

nebuli iyos problemis aqtualuroba), ganisazRvros mkafio da miRwe-

vadi mizani, romelic am problemis gadaWraze iqneba orientirebuli,

konkretuli amocanebi _ am miznis ganxorcielebis gzebi TiToeuli

amocanis Sesatyvisi konkretuli saqmianobebi, gawerili droSi (samu-

Sao gegma) proeqtis ganxorcielebaze pasuxismgebeli pirebis miTiTe-

biT, mosalodneli Sedegebi da resursebi, romlebic saWiroa proeq-

tis gansaxorcieleblad. proeqti SeiZleba Sesruldes erTi sagnis

farglebSi da integrirebulad (ramdenime sagnis farglebSi). proeqti

SeiZleba iyos kvleviTi, gamoyenebiTi da SemoqmedebiTi.

saqaRalde, anu e.w. “portfolio” Sefasebis ufro xangrZlivi

da Sromatevadi formaa. maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs Sefasebis

mizans. maswavlebeli da moswavle winaswar Tanxmdebian im masalebze,

romlebic daadastureben, rom moswavlem daakmayofila moTxovnebi da

miaRwia saswavlo Sedegs. moswavle xsnis sakuTar saqaRaldes, ro-

melSic ideba samuSaos Sefasebisas gamosayenebeli namuSevrebi.

Sefasebis periodis dasrulebisaTvis moswavle wers eses, romel-

Sic aRwers, Tu ra iswavla Sefasebis procesSi da ratom SearCia sa-

qaRaldisaTvis maincdamainc warmodgenili masala.

saqaRaldiT moswavlis Sefaseba saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali gava-

devnoT moswavlis individualuri progress, SevadaroT sxvadasxva

dros Seqmnili namuSevrebi erTmaneTs, vnaxoT, rogor gaiTvaliswina

man Cveni komentarebi da rCevebi, romlebsac drodadro vaZlevdiT.

TviTSefaseba da urTierTSefaseba. imisaTvis, rom moswavle Se-

eCvios sakuTari pasuxis Semowmebas, Camouyalibdes Secdomis mimarT

swori damokidebuleba, daZlios SiSi Secdomis winaSe, xSirad unda

mivceT sakuTari namuSevris Sefasebis saSualeba. TviTSefaseba mas

exmareba imis gacnobierebaSi, rom Secdomebis aRiareba da gamoswore-

ba winsvlis aucilebeli pirobaa. TviTSefasebiT igi grZnobs met

valdebulebas da cdilobs iyos maqsimalurad obieqturi.


20

TviTSefasebis ramdenime xerxi arsebobs. yvelaze gavrcelebu-

lia swor pasuxebTan moswavleebis pasuxebis Sedareba. moswavleebi am

Sedarebis gziT Tavad aRmoaCenen sakuTar Secdomebs da Semdeg aana-

lizeben, ratom dauSves es Secdomebi, ris codna daakldaT, ra ver

gaiTvaliswines, iqneb koncentracia ver moaxerxes sakiTxTan dakavSi-

rebiT an marTebuli gza ar airCies da sxva.

TviTSefasebis procesSi mniSvnelovani swored sakuTari saqmia-

nobis refleqsiis procesia. es aRmoaCeninebs moswavles sakuTar sust

mxareebs, romelTa dasaZlevadac unda mimarTos sakuTari Zalisxmeva.

Sedegiania TviTSefasebis iseTi xerxi, roca moswavle winaswar Semu-

Savebuli Sefasebis sqemis mixedviT afasebs sakuTar naSroms, Semdeg

ucvlis mewyviles da erTmaneTis namuSevrebs afaseben, bolos ki mas-

wavlebeli afasebs. am SemTxvevaSic mniSvnelovania analizis procesi.

ra daemTxva Sefasebis am sam SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTs, ra _ ara da ra-

tom? ris codna ar eyo moswavles Tavad an mis Tanaklasels obieq-

turi SefasebisaTvis.

urTierTSefasebac mxolod maSin aris SesaZlebeli da nayofieri,

Tu moswavleebs aqvT winaswar SemuSavebuli Sefasebis mkafio da na-

Teli kriteriumebi, romelTa safuZvelzec afaseben erTmaneTis namu-

Sevars.

TviTSefasebiTa da urTierTSefasebiT maswavlebeli afasebs mos-

wavlis TviTSefasebis unars da mis analitikur SesaZleblobebs.

rubrikebi. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, moswavleTa Cabma Sefase-

bis procesSi gaadvildeba, Tu isini kargad gaacnobiereben, ras

iTxoven, ra Sedegebs elian maTgan. amis gacnobierebaSi maT daexma-

reba martivad, maTTvis gasagebi eniT Camoyalibebuli kriteriumebi,

anu e.w. rubrikebi. rubrikebi aris konkretuli informacia Cveni

moTxovnebisa da Sefasebis kriteriumebis Sesaxeb.


21

7. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebi Sefasebis mimarT

rogorc erovnul saswavlo gegmaSia miTiTebuli, skola Tavad ad-

gens Sefasebis principebs, romliTac Semdeg skolis yvela maswavle-

beli xelmZRvanelobs. swored skolas SeuZlia daadginos pedagogiu-

ri sabWos sxdomaze is minimaluri barieri, romelic moswavlem unda

daZlios klasidan klasSi gadasayvanad.

imisaTvis, rom skolam Seqmnas Sefasebis moqnili da efeqtiani sis-

tema, Sefaseba unda iyos xSiri da mravalmxrivi.

niSani (qula) gamoxatavs moswavlis akademiur moswrebas saganSi,

amitom, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, ar aris mizanSewonili

da gamarTlebuli disciplinaruli sasjelis motiviT moswavlis da-

bali niSniT Sefaseba. Tu moswavle gakveTilebze arRvevs discipli-

nas, es aucileblad aisaxeba mis akademiur moswrebaze, magram niSniT

fasdeba swored es ukanaskneli da ara misi qceva.

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, Sefasebis sis-

tema aTquliania da qulebisa da swavlis doneebis Sefardeba aseTia:

niSnebi doneebi

10 9

maRali

8 7

saSualoze maRali

6 5

saSualo

4 3

saSualoze dabali

2 1

dabali


22

Tavi 2

enobrivi unarebis Sefaseba

Sesavali

`enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi~ (enebis swavlis,

swavlebisa da Sefasebis erTiani evropuli sarekomendacio CarCo)

Seiqmna 2001 wels evrosabWos enis departamentis iniciativiT. igi

emsaxureba evropaSi enobrivi politikis gatarebas da politikuri

qmedebebis ganxorcielebas.

`enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi~ gvTavazobs

safuZvlebs enobrivi silabusebis, kurikulumebis, sagamocdo

masalebis, saxelmZRvaneloebisa da sxva damxmare saSualebebis

SemuSavebisaTvis evropul sivrceSi. kompetenciebi gasageb da misaReb

formebSi gansazRvravs, Tu ras unda daeuflos Semswavleli, raTa

moaxerxos urTierTobis damyareba Sesaswavli ucxo enis

matarebelTan da ra codnas an ra unarebs unda flobdes igi

imisTvis, rom warmatebiT daamyaros komunikacia. `kompetenciebi~

gansazRvravs enis funqcionirebis kulturul konteqsts, aseve enis

flobis doneebs, rac xels uwyobs enis Semswavlelis miRwevebis

fiqsirebas mTeli cxovrebis manZilze.

`kompetenciebis~ mizania, gadalaxos evropis saganmanaTleblo

sistemebSi arsebuli gansxvavebebiT gamowveuli winaaRmdegobebi,

romlebic warmoiqmneba Tanamedrove enebis sferoSi. is saSualebas

aZlevs ganaTlebis specialistebs, enis kursebis Semqmnelebs,

maswavleblebs, maswavlebelTa trenerebs, sagamocdo komisiebs da

sxvebs _ gaiazron TavianTi muSaoba, moaxdinon TavianTi Zalebis


23

koordinireba, romlebic mimarTulia SemswavlelTa realuri

moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad.

enis flobis obieqturi kriteriumebis SemuSaveba uzrunvelyofs

im sakvalifikacio maxasiaTeblebis aRiarebas, romlebic miRebulia

sxvadasxva saswavlo konteqstSi. es ki, Tavis mxriv, xels Seuwyobs

evropaSi Tavisufal gadaadgilebas.

winamdebare naSromis pirvel TavSi moxda Sefasebis 3 tipis

gamoyofa imisda mixedviT, Tu ra aris Sefasebis mizani _ imis

mixedviT, ras adareben Sesafasebel sagans / obieqts, ganasxvaveben

Sefasebis sam tips: normaze orientirebuls, kriteriumze

orientirebuls da pirovnebaze orientirebuls. enis flobis doneTa

Sefasebis dros, rodesac miznad dasaxuli gvaqvs Semswavlelis

donis mimarTeba enis flobis standartTan (igulisxmeba `enaTa

flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebis~ mier miRebuli 6-doniani

standarti), bunebrivia, saubaria kriteriumze orientirebul

Sefasebaze.

`enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebis~ mier

gansazRvruli doneTa skalebi, Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens Sefasebis

skalis Sedgenis wyaros. Sefasebis skalaze aisaxeba gansazRvruli

saswavlo miznis miRwevis done, xolo indikatorebs SeuZlia

daxmarebis gaweva kriteriumebis formulirebaSi. mizani SeiZleba

iyos enis daufleba `kompetenciebSi~ warmodgenili romelime doneze

(magaliTad, B1). mizans aseve SeiZleba warmoadgendes aqtivobis

gansazRvruli saxeebi, unarebi da kompetenciebi.

indikatorebis gamoyenebaze msjelobisas aucilebelia

ganvasxvaoT:

1. komunikaciur qmedebaTa indikatorebi;

2. enis flobis aspeqtebis indikatorebi, romlebic gansazRvrul

kompetenciebs miekuTvneba.

pirvelni SeiZleba warmatebiT gamoviyenoT maswavleblis mier

Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebisaTvis realur davalebaTa Sesrulebisas.


24

maswavleblis mier Sefaseba da TviTSefaseba ki xdeba Sesaswavl

enaSi moswavlis SesaZleblobebis detaluri suraTis safuZvelze,

romelic swavlebis kursis mTeli xangrZlivobis manZilze yalibdeba.

Sefasebis es saxeebi misaRebia rogorc maswavleblis, aseve

moswavlisaTvis, vinaidan xels uwyobs qmediTi midgomis gamoyenebas.

enis flobis donis gansazRvrisas ar SeiZleba Sefaseba

movaxdinoT mxolod erTi konkretuli testis safuZvelze. rogorc

cnobilia, sametyvelo unarebi recefciisa da producirebis

mimarTulebiT, 4 ZiriTad unarze daiyvaneba: mosmena & kiTxva

(recefciuli unarebi) da laparaki & wera (producirebis unarebi).

`enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebis~ mier gansazRvruli

doneTa skalebSi oTxive samertyvelo funqciis (laparaki, mosmena,

kiTxva, wera) mixedviT aris gawerili deskriptorebi (indikatorebi,

romelTa Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSic miiCneva, rom standartiT

gansazRvruli Sedegi miiRweva); bunebrivia, TiToeuli am

mimarTulebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia specifikuri niSnebi, romelTa

gaTvaliswinebac Sefasebisas aucilebelia. qvemoT Cven warmovadgenT

enis flobis doneTa Sefasebis miznebsa da instrumentebs TiToeuli

sametyvelo funqciis mixedviT; visaubrebT agreTve im gamocdilebaze

(rogorc lokaluri, aseve saerTaSoriso), rac arsebobs Sefasebisa

da kvlevebis mimarTulebiT (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs PIRLS-is, PISA-s,

EGRA-sa da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros da erovnuli

saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier warmoebuli kvlevebi

2006-2011 wlebSi (esgSc..., 2007; erovnuli..., 2008).


25

1. zepirmetyvelebis (mosmenisa da laparakis)

unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba

a. mosmenis unaris Sefaseba

zepiri metyvelebis aRqma-gagebisa da masTan dakavSirebuli

fonetikur-fonologiuri kompetenciis gareSe meore enis

Semswavlelebi ucxoenovan garemoSi elementarul doneze

komunikaciasac ki ver gaarTmeven Tavs. empiriuli gamokvlevebiT

dasturdeba, rom `mosmenas~ enis yoveldRiuri gamoyenebis dros

wamyvani funqcia akisria _ 42%. mas mosdevs `laparaki~ _ 32%, `kiTxva~

_ 15% da `wera~ _ 11% (ix. noineri, hunfeldi, 1993, gv. 37). is faqti,

rom mosmena, rogorc recefciuli unari, warmoadgens safuZvels

producirebisaTvis, laparakisTvis, gansakuTrebiT gasaTvaliswi-

nebelia meore enis gakveTilze. meore enis gakveTilze, erTi mxriv,

unda vizrunoT audio- da kompiuteruli teqnikisa da uaxlesi

meTodologiis gamoyenebiT mosmenis unar-Cvevebis CamoyalibebisaTvis,

meore mxriv ki, mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT zepiri metyvelebis

gagebasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi. am sirTuleebis analizis

bazaze SesaZlebeli gaxdeba rogorc enis SemswavlelTa miznebis

gaTvaliswineba, saswavlo masalis swori SerCeva da gamoyeneba

swavlebisa da swavlis procesSi, aseve, Sefasebis testebis

koreqtuli Sedgena da obieqturi Sefaseba enaTa flobis

zogadevropuli kompetenciebis standartis gaTvaliswinebiT.

marTalia, xSir SemTxvevaSi rTulia mosmenis kompetenciis

misadageba enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebis

doneebisadmi, magram am problemis gadaWrisaTvis aucilebelia gzebis

gamonaxva. amdenad, mosmenis kompetenciis swavlis, swavlebisa da


26

gansakuTrebiT _ Sefasebis procesSi gasaTvaliswinebelia garkveuli

sirTuleebi.

upirvelesi problema am mxriv isaa, rom SeuZlebelia zepiri

metyvelebis aRqma-gagebis procesze uSualo dakvirveba. es faqti

mosmenas Zireulad ganasxvavebs producirebis (metyvelebisa da weris)

unar-Cvevebisagan, romlebze dakvirvebac SesaZlebelia. mosmenis unar-

Cvevis testirebis dros Cveni dakvirveba gamosacdel pirze

amoiwureba misi reaqciis gakontrolebiT, mag. Semoxazavs Tu ara igi

mosmenili teqstis Tanmxleb davalebaSi ramdenime mocemuli

alternatividan swor variants... rasakvirvelia, es arTulebs

obieqtur da zust Sefasebas.

enis Semswavlelma mosmenili teqsti SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad

gaigos. mosmenili teqstis gageba aqtiuri, subieqturi procesia,

romelic damokidebulia pirovnul faqtorebze, rogoricaa: meore

enis matarebeli xalxis kulturis zogadi codna, meore enis

Seswavlis motivacia, teqstis tipebisa da agebulebis (struqturebis)

codna, gagebis kompetencia mSobliur enaSi (Sesabamisad - transferis

problema), zogadi enobrivi da strategiuli kompetenciebi meore

enaSi, damaxsovrebis unari da sxv. moviyvanT erT magaliTs: Tu

mosasmen teqstSi aRwerilia misalmeba-gacnoba-damSvidobebis scenebi,

bunebrivia, am scenas ukeT aRiqvams da gaigebs is Semswavleli,

romelic SedarebiT kargad icnobs qarTul tradiciebs

(mogesalmebiT - gamarjoba; rogor brZandebiT / rogor gikiTxoT –

rogor xar; neba miboZeT warmogidginoT – gaicaniT; kargad

brZandebodeT – kargad iyavi da sxva).

sxva magaliTi: aqsiomaa, rom gacilebiT ukeT aRiqvams da igebs

meore enaze teqsts is Semswavleli, romelic mSobliur enaze maRali

akademiuri moswrebiT gamoirCeva (wignierebis TvalsazrisiT) da

ganviTarebuli aqvs mSobliur enaze mosmenisa da kiTxvis

(recefciuli) unarebi... aseT SemTxvevebSi xdeba transferis efeqturi


27

gamoyeneba da Semswavleli gacilebiT ukeTes Sedegs gvaCvenebs

testirebisas (mujiri, 2011, gv. 89).

kiTxvis procesisagan gansxvavebiT, mosmena drois SezRudul

monakveTSi xorcieldeba. mosmenis process arTulebs Zalian

Senelebuli, an piriqiT _ Cqari, auTenturi metyvelebis tempi da

zogjer (Tu es ganisazRvreba Sefasebis miznebidan gamomdinare) _

mosasmeni teqstis Tanmxlebi fonuri xmauri. Tu am sirTuleebis gamo

msmenelma teqstis erTi nawili kargad ver gaigo, mas uWirs teqstis

Semdgomi nawilis adekvaturi gageba. es specifika ganapirobebs

mosmenili teqstis damaxsovrebis SezRudul SesaZleblobebs.

Sesabamisad, Sefasebisas, mosasmeni teqsti ar SeiZleba iyos vrceli:

teqstis moculobas sxvadasxva faqtori gansazRvravs da pirdapiri

`receptis~ gacema metad Wirs: gasaTvaliswinebelia, magaliTad, ra

tipis teqsts vasmeninebT – sainformacios, aRweriTs, mxatvruls...

mosmenis unaris Sefasebis procesSi teqstis mosmenas

aucileblad Tan erTvis Tanmxlebi davalebebi, romelTa

damaxsovreba saWiroa teqstis gaazrebisTvis (mosmenaSi, cxadia, ar

igulisxmeba mxolod cgeriTi nakadis aRqma – ivaraudeba, rom

fasdeba mosmenilis Sinaarsi rogor / ramdenad gaigo msmenelma);

cxadia, rom aman gamosacdeli piris mexsiereba SeiZleba

gadatvirTos. Sesabamisad, Sefasebisas mosasmeni teqstis testuri

davalebebi teqstis mosmenis Semdeg ar unda mivceT: am SemTxvevaSi

faqtobrivad ukve vamowmebT ara mosmenis unar-Cvevas, aramed

gamosacdeli piris damaxsovrebis unars... davalebebi aucileblad

teqstis mosmenamde unda miewodos msmenels.

enis Seswavla mxolod xelovnuri, Sedgenili teqstebiT nakleb

efeqturia; aucilebelia auTenturi teqstebis gamoyeneba swavlebis

procesSi. yofiTi metyveleba ki xasiaTdeba gameorebebiT,

nawilakebiT, dialeqturi gamonaTqvamebiT, vulgarizmebiT, reduqciiT

(magaliTad, `ra pontia~, `nu, kai, ra...~, `wamo~ (`wamodi~), `maq~ (`maqvs~)

da a.S.)... Sefaseba-testirebis mizniT auTenturi audioteqstebis


28

SerCevis dros es faqti gasaTvaliswinebelia, rogorc potenciuri

sirTulis faqtori: bunebrivia, ver movTxovT Semswavlels, gaigos da

aRiqvas is, rac ar Suswavlia; magaliTad, auTentur audioteqstSi

`maita, ra, wigni~ - ve gaigebs, ras niSnavs, vinaidan saliteraturo

qarTuliT es fraza sruliad sxva zmniT gamoixateba: `momeci, ra,

wigni~... aseve gaugebari iqneba msmenelisTvis reduciorebuli forma:

`mome (=mome-ci)~ - romelic, aseve, spontanuri metyvelebisas,

auTentur audiotestebSi Segvxvdeba.

zepiri teqstis gagebaze gavlenas axdens kandidatis fonetikur-

fonologiuri kompetenciis done _ gansxvavebiT weriTi teqstisagan,

romelic warmoadgens asoebisagan, sityvebisagan da a.S. Semdgar

sistemas, zepiri teqsti, ase vTqvaT, bgeraTa nakadia, romelSic

sityvaTa sazRvrebi xSirad araa kargad gamokveTili. msmeneli

iZulebulia, daanawevros audioteqsti pauzebis daxmarebiT, bgeraTa

nakadSi gamoarCios calkeuli sityvebi da winadadebebi, rac

mosmenilis aRqma-gagebis process arTulebs. mosmenilis gageba miT

ufro rTulia, rac ufro metia zepir teqstSi iseTi fonetikuri

movlenebi, rogoricaa: asimilacia, disimilacia, da sxv. (gopi, 2000, gv.

56-79). marTlac, dialeqtizmebis, arqaizmebisa da sxva tipis

leqsikologiur-gramatikuli movlenebis gageba-aRqma SeuZlebelia,

Tu Semswavlels ar Seuswavlia, magaliTad, qarTulis enisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli fonetikuri procesebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi da

tendenciebi (misTvis gaugebari iqneba `meitana~, `geigo~, `karqaT~ da

a.S. formaTa mniSvnelobebi, maSin, roca am qvesistemebis met-naklebad

mcodne mSobliuri enis mflobeli iolad axerxebs maT

identificirebas saliteraturo invariantebTan _ Tundac Tavad ar

iyos am dialeqtis matarebeli).

testis Sedgenisa da Sefasebis dros gasaTvaliswinebelia

Semswavlelis, rogorc msmenelis roli. sazogadod, mosmenis proces-

Si pirma SeiZleba Seasrulos iseTi rolebi, rogoricaa: saubris

Tanamonawile (romelsac mosmenac SeuZlia da metyvelebac); auditori


29

(romelsac pasuxis gacemis saSualeba saerTod ara aqvs da misgan

pasuxs arc elian _ magaliTad, radiogadacemis msmeneli); adresati

(romelsac metyveli piri uSualod mimarTavs, magram Tavad adresats

naklebad aqvs pasuxis gacemis SesaZlebloba _ mag. studenti

tradiciul leqciaze); Tanamsmeneli (romelic ar warmoadgens

adresats, is SemTxveviTi msmenelia, romlisagan pasuxs aseve ar

elian)...

imisda mixedviT, Tu ra rols asrulebs gamosacdeli piri, mas

gansxvavebuli moTxovnebi unda wavuyenoT. Semswavleli mosmenis

mimarTulebiT testirebisas pasiuri msmenelis rolSia, anu misgan ar

moiTxoven saubris SinaarsSi CarTvas (adresatia).

mosmenili teqstis Tanmxlebi testuri davalebebis sirTules

xSirad Tavad audioteqstis specifika da davalebaTa instruqciebis

xasiaTi ganapirobebs. mosmenis unar-Cvevis Sesamowmeblad ar unda

SevarCioT Sinaarsobrivad rTuli teqstebi. samecniero literaturaSi

dasaxelebulia mosasmeni teqstebis sirTulis sxva maxasiaTebeli

Tvisebebic da saWiroa, rom Sefasebisas teqstebSi:

Sinaarsi mkafiod iyos formulirebuli;

referentebis (moqmedi gmirebis, obieqtebis) mcire raodenoba

unda iyos mocemuli;

lokaluri mimarTebebi naklebad kompleqsuri unda iyos

(magaliTad, moqmedebis geografiuli areali mraval punqts

ar moicavdes, rac damatebiT sirTules qmnis mexsierebasTan

dakavSirebiT – es ki mosmenis unarTan pirdapir kavSirSi ar

aris);

Txrobis Tanmimdevroba realur movlenaTa Tanmimdevrobas

unda Seesabamebodes (ar aris rekomendebuli, awmyos viTareba

iyos moTxrobili teqstSi, Semdeg ki warsuli faqtebze

gadaerTos siuJeti...);


30

mosasmeni teqsti ar unda iyos Zalian swrafi tempiT

warmodgenili (Tumca, aq gasaTvaliswinebelia, enis flobis

romel doneze vaxdenT `sworebas~...).

(Sdr. brauni, 1995, gv. 70-73).

naTqvamidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba mTeli rigi daskvnebis

gamotana mosmenis unar-Cvevis Sefasebis (Semowmebis) iseTi testis

SedgenisaTvis, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba: enis

SemswavlelTa jgufis warmomavloba, maTi zogadi enobrivi

kompetencia _ pirvel rigSi, leqsikur-gramatikuli da fonetikur-

fonologiuri (bgerebisa da sityvebis aRqmisa da ucxoenovani zepiri

teqstis segmentaciis unari, iseTi fonetikuri fenomenebis Secnobis

unari, rogoricaa: maxvili, asimilacia, reduqcia da sxv.), zepiri,

auTenturi yofiTi metyvelebis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTeblebisa da

tempis aRqmis unari. msmenelebisaTvis, romlebic kargad ver floben

meore enas, unda SevarCioT naklebad spontanuri audioteqsti,

romlis Tanmxlebi davalebebi aucileblad teqstis mosmenamde iqneba

micemuli (mujiri, 2011, gv. 91).

mosasmen teqstSi yofiTi metyvelebis maxasiaTeblebi naklebi

sixSiriT unda iyos warmodgenili. ar unda SevarCioT

`konceptualurad rTuli~ teqstebi, mosmenis stili unda iyos

umTavresad globaluri an seleqciuri, mcire fonuri xmauris

TanxlebiT. msmenelis rolebidan unda SevarCioT testirebisaTvis

ufro xelsayreli _ adresatis roli.

mecnierTa nawils mizanSewonilad miaCnia `mosmenilis gagebis~

unaris Sesamowmeblad karnaxis gamoyeneba da misi integracia iseT

davalebebTan, rogoricaa, magaliTad, swori/araswori pasuxebis

Semoxazva, mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis davalebebi da sxva (buki, 2001,

gv. 73). vfiqrobT, karnaxis gamoyeneba efeqturad aris SesaZlebeli

mosmenis unaris Sefasebisas, Tumca igi ver Caanacvlebs auTentur

teqstebs...

mosmenis unarebis testirebis procesSi gansakuTrebiT

mniSvnelovania, Tu ramdenjer unda moisminos gamosacdelma pirma

teqsti... faqtia, rom realuri komunikaciis procesSi teqstebs,


31

Cveulebriv, erTxel vismenT, magram meore enis SemswavlelisaTvis

(gansakuTrebiT _ enis Seswavlis sawyis safexurze) ar aris sakmarisi

teqstis erTxel mosmena, radgan audiofiris gageba ufro rTulia,

vidre realur situaciaSi metyvelebis gageba. amitom, mkvlevarTa

umetesoba miiCnevs, rom gamosacdelma pirma teqsti orjer unda

moisminos: pirvelad globalurad, meored ki teqstis Tanmxlebi

davalebebis wakiTxvis Semdeg _ seleqciurad an detalurad

(boltoni, 1996, gv. 47; ix. mujiri, 2011, gv 93). rogorc wesi,

saqarTveloSi Catarebuli mosmenis unaris testirebis procesSi, 2-

jer wakiTxva aucilebel pirobad miiCneva.

mosmenis unarebis testirebisTvis metad mniSvnelovania ucxoeli

kolegebis gamocdilebis gaziareba, romelTac am mimarTulebiT

aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi aqvT namuSevari. zogadevropul

standartebTan mimarTebiT, gamoyofilia teqstis tipebis ierarqia

mzardi sirTulis mixedviT:

1. yoveldRiuri swavlis sferosTan dakavSirebuli teqstebi

(rogorc wesi, am tipis mosasmeni teqstebi eZlevaT A1 / A2

donis Semswavlelebs);

2. interdisciplinaruli samecniero Tematikis teqstebi,

romelTa struqtura orientirebulia standartul enaze (am

tipis mosasmeni teqstebi eZlevaT B1 donis Semswavlelebs);

3. interdisciplinaruli samecniero Tematikis teqstebi,

romlebic enobrivad da Sinaarsobrivad kompleqsuradaa

struqturirebuli (am tipis mosasmeni teqstebi eZlevaT B2

da ufro maRali donis pretendent Semswavlelebs).

miuxedavad zemoCamoTvlili rekomendaciebis ganxilvisa, kiTxva,

Tu ramdenad srulyofilia mosmenilis gagebis Sefaseba _ jer kidev

elis amomwurav pasuxs praqtikidan Tu momavali gamokvlevebidan.

Tumca, ukve arsebuli informacia warmatebiT SeiZleba iqnes

gamoyenebuli mosmenilis gagebis unar-Cvevis Sefasebisas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom mosmenis unaris Sefasebaze orientirebuli

testebi SesaZlebelia, maswavlebelma Seadginos rogorc mimdinare,


32

aseve Semajamebeli Sefasebisas; dasaSvebia, mimdinare Sefasebisas

daveyrdnoT metwilad karnaxis meTods (gansakuTrebiT – swavlebis

sawyis etapze), Tumca, swavlebis procesSi auTenturi zepiri

teqstebis gamoyeneba aucilebelia, raTa Semswavlelma sxvadasxva

registrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani Seiswavlos da

gaiTavisos.

rac Seexeba Semajamebel Sefasebas – rekomendebulia

audioteqstis mosmena Semswavlelis savaraudo enis flobis donis

gaTvaliswinebiT: magaliTad, Tuki swavlebis sawyis etapze

Sesafaseblad interdisciplinaruli samecniero Tematikis teqstebs

movasmeninebT Semswavlels, bunebrivia, igi verafers (an TiTqmis

verafers) gaigebs da testirebis validuroba-sandoobis problema

dadgeba...

sanimuSod, gTavazobT mosmenis unaris Sesamowmeblad

Catarebuli testis teqstsa da mosmenilis aRqma-gagebaze

orientirebul davalebebs (testireba CautardaT Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis araqarTulenovan studentebs, romlebic

saSeRavaTo politikis farglebSi, 60-kreditian 1-wlian kurss gadian

qarTuli enis Seswavlis mizniT):

teqsti:

gamarjoba, amiran, rogor xar? dedaCveni rogor aris? kidev

awuxebs wneva?

amiran, TbilisSi mSvenieri dro gavatare. koncertze viyavi. im

Rames TbilisSi davrCi, meore dRes ki ninosTan sofelSi wavedi; 2

dRe davrCiT iq. ninos deda maswavlebelia, baTumSi iyo treningze wa-

suli, amitom me da ninos mogviwia diasaxlisoba. guSinwin ninom gaa-

keTa sadili, guSin ki me xaWapuri gamovacxve, Tumca nino mTxovda,

Sen stumari xar, araferi gaakeToo...

dRes 15 ivnisia da ukve gorSi var. xom ici, ninos babuis iubi-

lea da aucileblad unda daveswro. Rames ninos babuasTan gavaTev.


33

xval kviraa da adre ver avdgebi. SuadRisTvis davjdebi avto-

busze da Camoval mSobliur quTaisSi...

aba, Sen ici, male gnaxav!

Seni leila

testuri davalebebi da Sesafasebeli qulebi

1. vin aris werilis avtori? 1

a. amirani

b. leila

g. nino

d. batoni giorgi

2. vin aris werilis adresati? vis swers avtori werils? 1

a. ninos

b. dedas

g. amirans

d. baton giorgis

3. vin aris leila amiranisTvis? 2

SeniSvna: vinaidan blumis taqsonomiis mixedviT, am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema mxolod informaciis ubralod moZiebas ar gul;isxmobs da ufro maR-al kompetenciebs moiTxovs, misaniWebeli qulis `wona~ am tipis kiTxvebSi ufro maRalia.

a. coli

b. Svili

g. da

d. megobari.

4. vin cxovrobs quTaisSi? 2

a. leilas ojaxi

b. nino

g. batoni giorgi

d. aravin.


34

5. visTan apirebs leila gorSi RamiT darCenas? 1

__________________________________________________________________________

6. leila aris: 2

a. seriozuli adamiani

b. mxiaruli gogo

g. gamocdili mzareuli

7. ra awuxebs leilas dedas? 1

__________________________________________________________________________

8. daalageT qronologiuri TanamimdevrobiT, ra ris mere moxda: 2

a) quTaisSi dabruneba

b) xaWapuris gamocxoba

g) ninosTan sofelSi Casvla

d) TbilisSi koncertze daswreba

e) gorSi ninos babuis iubileze Casvla

1 2 3 4 5


35

b. laparakis unaris Sefaseba

rogorc iTqva, mosmenis unaris Sefaseba uamrav problemasTanaa

dakavSirebuli. kidev ufro rTulia laparakis (metyvelebis) unaris

Sefaseba: miuxedavad imisa, rom am SemTxvevaSi producirebasTan

gvaqvs saqme da Tavad procesze dakvirveba (recefciuli unarebisgan

gansxvavebiT) SesaZlebelia, samagierod, aq sxva problemebi iCens

Tavs... kerZod, testirebis meTodis gamoyeneba laparakis unar-Cvevis

Semowmebisas SeuZlebelia da, praqtikulad, am unaris testirebiT

Semowmeba arc xerxdeba. Sesabamisad, mxolod gasaubrebis (intervius)

formatSia SesaZlebeli laparakis unaris Semowmeba. es, ki, Tavis

mxriv, garkveul diskomfors qmnis – upirveles yovlisa, subieqturi

faqtoris gaaqtiurebis TvalsazrisiT. qulebiT Sefaseba ama Tu im

xarvezisa (enobriv-gramatikuli, tempi, maxvili, fonetikuri xasiaTis

Secdomebi da a. S.) zust instruqciebs moiTxovs, rac, praqtikulad,

mainc zogadi xasiaTisa SeiZleba aRmoCndes da Semfaseblis

subieqturi xedva kvlav gadamwyveti faqtoria.

upirveles yovlisa, unda ganisazRvros, visTvisaa testireba

gankuTvnili: bunebrivia, swavlebis sawyis etapze laparakis

(metyvelebis) sxva unarebis ganviTarebaze keTdeba aqcenti, Semdgom

safexurebze – sxva unarebze... magaliTad, swavlebis sawyis safexurze

aqcenti keTdeba qarTuli enisaTvis specifikuri bgerebis sworad

warmoTqmaze, maxvilis saTanadod gamoyenebaze, qarTulisTvis

damaxasiaTebel intonaciaze... am etapze morfologiuri Tu

sintaqsuri gamarTulobis moTxovna, rasakvirvelia, naadrevia.

momdevno etapze ukve aqtiurdeba leqsikis komponenti:

SeuZlebelia azris gadmocema, Tuki `saSen masalas~ leqsikuri

erTeulebis saTanado odenobas (rac yoveli donisaTvis aris

gansazRvruli enis flobis doneebis zogadevropuli standartis

mixedviT) ver flobs Semswavleli. sawyis etapzeve saWiroa martivi


36

sintaqsuri da morfologiuri kanonzomierebebis aTviseba, vinaidan –

mxolod leqsikis codna araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar niSnavs enis ama Tu

im doneze flobas... Semswavlelis ganviTarebasTan erTad, Sefasebisas

ufro da ufro maRla iwevs Sefasebis kriteriumebic samive

komponentis TvalsazrisiT (fonologiuri done, leqsikologiuri

done, gramatikuli done). magaliTad, rodesac vafasebT laparakis

unars, Semfasebels unda axsovdes, rom leqsikis, ase vTqvaT,

`statikurad~ codna ar niSnavs, rom Semswavleli maRali quliT unda

Sefasdes... mtavaria, rogor axerxebs igi frazebis, winadadebis

konstruirebisaTvis saTanado sityvebis SerCevas, raTa azri

adekvaturad gadmosces... aseve, gramatikuli wesebis codna sulac ar

niSnavs imas, rom Semswavlels SeuZlia, magaliTad, droSi

adekvaturad Seuxamos ori zmna (mag. `is sauzmobda, roca zari

rekavda~ - Secdomaa... sworia: daireka).

gamomcdelma laparakis unaris Sefasebisas aucileblad unda

gaiTvaliswinos kidev erTi faqtori: es aris metyvelebis siswrafe da

bunebrioba. Semswavlelis mier pauzebiT gaWimuli, xelovnurobiT

daRdasmuli teqstebis maRali quliT Sefaseba, Tundac es teqsti

akmayofilebdes leqsikuri Tu morfosintaqsuri kvalifikaciis

moTxovnebs, ar aris rekomendebuli.

sanimuSod gTavazobT laparakis moduls, romelic CautardaT

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis araqarTulenovan studentebs.

moduli ori seqciisgan Sedgeboda. pirveli seqcia

warmoadgenda intervius, romlis drosac kandidatebi winaswar

micemuli 30 Temidan erT-erTis prezentirebas axdendnen; mag. Temebi:

`Tbilisi _ saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi~, `Cemi hobi~, `Cveni tradiciebi~,

`ratom vswavlobs saxelmwifo enas~ da sxva... (seqciis Sefaseba – 10-

quliani sistemiT).

meore seqciaSi kandidats kiTxvebi eZleoda ara im Temidan,

romelic pirveli seqciaSi iyo micemuli, aramed nebismieri iseTi

zogadi sferodan, rogoricaa: ojaxi, dabadebis adgili da garemo,


37

Cacmuloba, Tavisufali drois ganawileba, sayvareli filmi, musika,

speqtakli da a.S. (seqciis Sefaseba – 10-quliani sistemiT).

sul orive seqciis Sefasebis maqsimaluri zRvari - 20 qula.

Sefasebisas qulebi iwereboda ramdenime komponentis

gaTvaliswinebiT: gamoTqma, intonacia, orToepia (swori metyveleba),

leqsikuri maragis gamoyeneba, gramatikuli kompetencia, logikuri

Tanamimdevrobisa da zepiri teqstis agebis unarebi, metyvelebis tempi

da bunebrioba.

laparakis unaris ganviTarebis (progresis) Semowmeba

sasurvelia swavlebis mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi, regularulad

tardebodes. mimdinare Sefasebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi

faqtorebi:

1. upirveles yovlisa, SemfaseblisTvisac da Sesafasebeli

(gamosacdeli) pirisTvisac mkafio da gasagebi kriteriumebi

unda SemuSavdes;

2. ar unda SemovifargloT erTi (an mcire odenobis) davalebiT

– mivceT saSualeba enis Semswavlels, maqsimalurad

gamoavlinos Tavisi unarebi;

3. teqsti unda iyos bunebrivi da Sinaarsiani (yuradReba

mivaqcioT imas, rom ar moxdes Semswavlelis mier teqstis

dazepireba!);

4. sasurvelia, bunebrivi garemos Sesaqmnelad, davajgufoT

(davawyviloT) gamosacdelebi da, amasTan, gaviTvaliswinoT

TiToeuli maTganis done – ar davarRvioT Tanabrobis

principi da adekvaturad davajgufoT (davawyviloT)

Semswavlelebi (ar aris rekomendebuli enis flobis sakmaod

gansxvavebuli donis SemswavlelTa dawyvileba);

5. Sefasebisas maqsimalurad CavrToT TviTSefasebis komponenti;

6. Sefaseba, rasakvirvelia, unda moxdes im masalaze dayrdnobiT,

rac gamosacdelma swavlebis procesSi gaiara;


38

7. gamosacdels unda mieces sakmao dro (10-15 wuTi mainc), raTa

saTanadod moemzados zepiri SemowmebisaTvis da

srulyofilad gamoavlinos Tavisi unarebi;;

8. unda gamoicados ara mxolod gramatikaSi (morfosintaqsSi)

misi miRwevebi (anu, ramdenad sworad agebs sityvebs,

winadedebebs...), aramed laparakis sxva unarebSic;

9. detalizebuli da mkafiod gansazRvruli ukukavSiri.

munozi, alvarezi, 2010, gv. 34


39

2. wignierebis (kiTxvisa da weris unarebis) Sefaseba

a. kiTxva

kiTxvis unari erT-erTi ZiriTadi unarTagania. igi mxolod erTi

konkretuli enis Seswavlas ar ukavSirdeba da, sazogadod,

wignierebis Zireuli komponentia – aq igulisxmeba moswavlis unari,

ikiTxos ara mxolod mxatvruli Tu saswavlo literatura, aramed

gaecnos da gaigos / aRiqvas sxvadasxva tipis (maT Soris

sainformacio, sareklamo, samecniero xasiaTis) teqstebi.

kiTxvis daniSnuleba da mizani 2 ZiriTad komponentze daiyvaneba:

literaturuli gamocdilebis miReba

informaciis miReba da gamoyeneba.

wignierebis Sefasebisas aqcenti keTdeba im unarebze, rac

arsebiTi da umniSvnelovanesia anu werilobiTi teqstis aRqmis,

miRebuli informaciis gagebisa da gamoyenebis unarze; amis

gaTvaliswinebiT, mkiTxvels unda SeeZlos:

1. sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis ZiriTadi azris gageba da

Camoyalibeba;

2. sxvadasxva tipis teqstebidan informaciis amokrefa;

3. mxatvruli nawarmoebebis kiTxvisas siamovnebis gancda.

Sefasebis CarCos Seqmnisas moqmedebs principi, rom kiTxvis

procesi kognituri TvalsazrisiT, or ZiriTad dones moicavs _

gageba-gaazrebasa da interpretacias.

sferoebad dayofisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos isic, rom

yvela saazrovno operacia, romelic Semswavlels wakiTxulis gageba-

gaazrebisTvis, gaanalizebisa da interpretirebisTvis sWirdeba,

miemarTeba ara mxolod teqstis Sinaarsobriv plans, aramed mis

enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiT mxaresac.


40

werilobiTi teqstis gageba niSnavs:

teqstSi pirdapir (eqspliciturad) da qveteqsturad

(impliciturad) mocemuli informaciis gageba, moZieba da

konkretuli niSniT klasifikacia;

teqstis Sinaarsis gageba, romelic gulisxmobs mTliani

teqstis an misi calkeuli nawilis, rogorc dasrulebuli

erTeulis, zogadi da detaluri Sinaarsis gagebasa da

aRqmas;

teqstSi pirdapir da qveteqstis saSualebiT gadmocemuli

ambebis, gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gageba-gaazrebas,

daskvnebis gamotanasa da teqstis (aseve, misi calkeuli

epizodisa Tu monakveTis) Sejamebas,

teqstis dakavSirebas sakuTar cxovrebiseul

gamocdilebasTan Tu arsebul literaturul codnasTan.

kiTxvis unarebis Sefasebisas aucilebelia, Semowmdes teqstis

interpretaciasa da analizis unar-Cvevebi _ moswavleTa refleqsiisa

da Sefasebis unarebi, rac gulisxmobs teqstSi mocemuli ideebis,

mosazrebebis, Sexedulebebis (mxatvrul teqstebSi aseve personaJTa

saqcielis), agreTve, enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis

gaanalizebisa da Sefasebis, moswavlisgan sakuTari damokidebulebis

gamoxatvis unarebis gamovlenas.

sazogadod, interpetireba SeiZleba pirdapir (zedapirul,

eqsplicitur), gadataniT (metaforul, qveteqstur) da simbolur

doneze. es gulisxmobs wakiTxuli teqstis ideuri mxaris, mTavari

problemis, avtoris Canafiqris amocnobas da gaazrebas, misi poziciis

Sefasebas; faqtebisa da mosazrebebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvnas,

arapirdapiri daskvnebis gamotanas, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis

danaxvasa da axsnas, personaJis saqcielisa Tu Sexedulebebis

gaanalizebas da Sefasebas sxvadasxva poziciidan, agreTve, mTliani

teqstis Tu misi calkeuli epizodis interpretacias, analizs,

Sefasebas Tu sxva kompleqsur saazrovno operaciebs.


41

kiTxvisa da weris unarebis Sefasebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia is

gamocdileba, rac arsebobs dasavleTis wamyvan qveynebSi: ukve

aTwleulebia, evropasa da amerikaSi mimdinareobs saerTaSiroso

kvlevebi, romlebic im mxrivac aris saintereso, Tu ra tipis testur

davalebebs iyeneben Cveni kolegebi kiTxvisa Tu weris ama Tu im

unaris Sesafaseblad.

wignierebis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTveloSi qveynis

masStabiT saqarTveloSi kvleva pirvelad 2006 wels Catarda. es iyo

PIRLS-is mier Catarebuli farTomasStabiani gamokvleva, romelic 9-10

wlis bavSvTa wignierebis donisa da misi ganmapirobebeli faqtorebis

Seswavlas isaxavda miznad.

PIRLS-is kvlevas didi saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba hqonda:

upirveles yovlisa, es gaxldaT saerTaSoriso standartebze

dafuZnebuli soliduri samuSao, romelic iyenebda dasavlur

mowinave qveynebSi araerTxel aprobirebul, zust da sando

instrumentebs; PIRLS-is mier dadginda standarti, romlis mixedviTac

gamoikveTa wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesebis (1. eqspliciturad

mocemuli informaciis moZieba, 2. daskvnebis gakeTeba, 3. informaciis

interpretacia sakuTar codnasTan integrirebis safuZvelze, 4.

mxatvrul teqstis enis Sefaseba da mxatvruli xerxebis / saxeebis

gaazreba) procentuli urTierTmimarTeba:

eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis moZieba 22%

uSualo daskvnebis gamotana 28%

azrebisa da informaciis interpretacia sakuTar

codnasTan integrirebis safuZvelze

37%

teqstis enis Sefaseba da mxatvruli xerxebis gaazreba 14%

ix. wignierebis saerTaSoriso kvlevis angariSi, 2010.

kvlevis instrumentebad PIRLS-is kvlevis farglebSi gamoyenebul

iqna:


42

wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesebi (testi);

kiTxvisadmi damokidebuleba (moswavlis kiTxvari);

mSoblis kiTxvari;

maswavleblis kiTxvari;

skolis kiTxvari;

saswavlo gegmis kiTxvari.

* PIRLS-is kvlevis Sedegad, aRmoCnda, rom wignierebis

TvalsazrisiT, qarTveli moswavleebi saSualoze

dabal Sedegebs aCvenebdnen (qarTveli bavSvebis

wignierebis saSualo maCvenebeli (471) statistikurad

mniSvnelovnad CamorCeba PIRLS–is saerTaSoriso

skalirebul maCvenebels (500); amasTan, isic unda

aRiniSnos, rom qarTvel bavSvebs mxatvruli

teqstebis gaazrebaSi ufro kargi maCvenebeli aqvT,

vidre sainformacio teqstebisa...);

ix. wignierebis saerTaSoriso kvlevis angariSi, 2010.

2009 wels Catarda PISA-s (PISA saerTaSoriso kvlevaa, romelic

miznad isaxavs 15 wlis mozardebis mier skolaSi SeZenili codnisa

da unarebis Sefasebas) mier ganxorcielebuli kvleva, romelic

kiTxvis unarebis Sefasebas isaxavda miznad (sacdeli kvleva Catarda

2009 wlis oqtombers, ZiriTadi kvleva ki 2010 wlis aprilSi).

asakobrivi jgufi iyo 15 wlis moswavleebi, aRsaniSnavia, rom

kvleva emyareboda zogadad wignierebis gagebas da ar

Semoifargleboda saswavlo gegmiT.

PISA afasebda moswavlis unars, gaigos, gamoiyenos da gaiazros

werilobiTi teqstebi, imisaTvis, rom SeiZinos codna, ganiviTaros

SesaZleblobebi da miiRos srulyofili monawileoba sazogadoebriv

cxovrebaSi.

teqstis formati: garda vrceli teqstebisa, PISA–m

gamoiyena sxvadasxva tipis teqstebi – siebi, diagramebi,

sareklamo gancxadebebi;


43

kiTxvis procesi: Semowmda moswavleebis unari, moiZion

informacia, Seiqmnan zogadi warmoadgena teqstis Sesaxeb,

gaiazron misi Sinaarsi, forma da elementebi

situaciebi: sxvadasxva mizniT Seqmnili teqstis gamoyeneba.

wignierebis saerTaSoriso kvlevis angariSi (PISA), 2009

2010 wels saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis

saministros erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centrma

saqarTvelos masStabiT Caatara erovnuli Sefaseba qarTul enasa da

literaturaSi, kerZod, kiTxvis mimarTulebaSi im moswavleebisTvis,

romlebmac sabazo safexurze daasrules swavla.

wignierebis donis Sesamowmeblad SerCeuli iyo sxvadasxva tipis

teqstebi, maT Soris mxatvruli Txzulebebi (rogorc prozauli, aseve

– leqsebi) da aramxatvruli (sainformacio, SemecnebiTi, samecniero-

popularuli...) teqstebi. xolo instrumentad gamoyenebul iqna am

teqstebze Seqmnili testuri davalebebi (erovnuli Sefaseba qarTul

enasa da literaturaSi, 2010).

rasakvirvelia, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier Catarebuli

kvalificiuri kvlevebisas gamoyenebuli instrumenti (testuri

davalebebis tipebi) SesaZlebelia da aucilebelicaa gamoviyenoT

rogorc Semajamebeli, aseve mimdinare Sefasebis dros. saWiroa

zustad ganisazRvros, Tu ra unarebis Semowmebas vapirebT, ra donis

SemswavlelisTvis viRebT ama Tu im testur davalebas da

SemoTavazebuli mravalferovani testuri davalebebidan iolad

movaxerxebT tipis SerCevas... magaliTad, Tuki vapirebT mTliani

teqstis, calkeuli epizodis, analizis safuZvelze arapirdapiri

daskvnebis gamotanaze orientirebuli unaris gamorkvevas – testuri

davalebis Sesabamisi tipi unda moviZioT (magaliTad, qvemoT, II

testuri davaleba)... magram am konkretuli testuri davalebis

mixedviT Cven verafriT ver gavarkvevT, Tu ramdenadaa Semswavleli

`daxelovnebuli~ teqstidan informaciis moZiebaze... sxvaTa Soris, ar

unda dagvaviwydes, rom xSirad Semswavlelebi logikuri azrovnebis


44

ufro maRali safexuris operaciebs ukeT asruleben, vidre,

magaliTad, erTi SexedviT iset martiv logikur operacias,

rogoricaa eqsplicituri informaciis moZieba teqstidan... am saxis

logikur operacias sruliad sxva tipis testuri davaleba unda

SevufardoT (magaliTad, I davaleba sanimuSod warmodgenili

testebidan).

sanimuSod gTavazobT kiTxvis sxvadasxva unaris Sesamowmeblad

PIRLS–isa da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier

gamoyenebul ramdenime testur davalebas:

I. informaciis moZiebaze orientirebuli testuri davaleba:

saidan Cans, rom saba cdilobs, wminda papis, da, saerTod,

qristianuli samyaros sayovelTao interesebs daukavSiros

datyvevebuli vaxtang VI-is gamoxsnis sakiTxi? daimowmeT Sesabamisi

adgili teqstidan.

teqsti: sulxan saba orbeliani, `mogzauroba evropaSi~;

SeniSvna: kiTxva daZlies saSualo miRwevis doneze.

II. mTliani teqstis, calkeuli epizodis, analizis safuZvelze

arapirdapiri daskvnebis gamotana:

sabas miznidan gamomdinare, romeli Sexvedra iyo misTvis

yvelaze mniSvnelovani da ratom? pasuxi daasabuTeT.


SeniSvna: kiTxva daZlies saSualoze maRali miRwevis donis

mqone moswavleebma

III. mTliani teqstis, analizi, teqstis dakavSireba gamocdilebasTan,

arapirdapiri daskvnebis gamotana, teqstis interpretacia:


45

aris Tu ara sabasdroindeli problemebi dRes aqtualuri da

ratom? ra msgavsebas xedavT sabasdroindel da Tanamedrove

mdgomareobas Soris? pasuxi daasabuTeT.


SeniSvna: kiTxva daZlies maRali miRwevis donis mqone

moswavleebma.

IV. teqstis mTavari azris, mTavari Temis amocnoba:

mocemuli teqstis mTavari Temaa:

a) zezvasa da luxumis kamaTi

b) leki meomris mokvlis ambavi

g) mTielTa mebrZoli sulis warmoCena

d) ori gansxvavebuli damokidebulebis Cveneba, Tu rogor unda

moeqce mters

teqsti: nawyveti vaJa-fSavelas poemidan `baxtrioni~;

SeniSvna: kiTxva Tavisuflad daZlies dabali miRwevis donis

moswavleebma.

V. personaJis saqcielis, misi Sexedulebis analizi:

eTanxmebiT Tu ara zezvas pozicias, rom vaJkacma mteri ar unda

daindos? Tqveni azri daasabuTeT


SeniSvna: davaleba daZlies saSualo,Sesabamisad, saSualoze

maRali da maRali miRwevis donismoswavleebma.

VI. personaJis saqcielis axsna, misi motivaciis analizi:

imsjeleT im Rirebulebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic luxumis qcevas

gansazRvravs.


46


SeniSvna: davaleba daZlies mxolod maRali miRwevis

donismoswavleebma.

VII. teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis gageba-gaazreba:

teqstis mixedviT ra kavSiri aqvs platons cnobil aTenel

poetsa da politikur moRvawe solonTan?

a) platoni Tavis dialogebSi gadmogvcems imas, rac

solonisgan moismina atlantidis Sesaxeb

b) platonma daafiqsira Tavisi pativiscema solonis

mimarT

g)platonma Tavis dialogebSi aRwera solonis mier

egvipteSi mosmenili ambavi atlantidis civilizaciis

daRupvis Sesaxeb

d) platons solonTan erTad umogzauria kunZul

atlantidaze da aRuweria misi maRalganviTarebuli

civilizacia

teqsti: informaciuli teqsti filosofos platonis Sesaxeb;

SeniSvna: kiTxva daZlies dabali miRwevis donis moswavleebma

VIII. teqstis enis, metaforuli metyvelebis gageba-gaazreba,

obieqtivacia

teqstis mixedviT, ra igulisxmeba sityvebSi `yovlisSemZle

bunebis moulodneli Careva~?


SeniSvna: davaleba daZlies saSualoze maRalimiRwevis donis

moswavleebma.


47

IX. informaciis ganzogadeba, obieqtivacia, teqstSi mocemuli

informaciis safuZvelze daskvnis gamotana:

CamoTvlilTagan romeli garemoeba uSlis xels atlantidis

civilizaciis ganadgurebisa da kunZul Teraze momxdari

katastrofis gaigivebas?

a) arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad mopovebuli masala

b) okeanologTa daskvnebi

g) faqtobrivi uzustoba

d)qronologiuri Seusabamoba


SeniSvna: kiTxva daZlies mxolod maRali miRwevis donis

moswavleebma.

zemoxsenebulma kvlevebma didwilad gansazRvra im problemebis

CamonaTvali, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac kiTxvis unarebis Sefasebisas

aucilebelia. ganisazRvra da Camoyalibda testuri davalebebis tipe-

bi, romelTac meore enis SemswavlelTa kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis Sesafa-

sebel testebSi aqtiurad viyenebT:

a. e.w. `WeSmaritia / mcdaria~ tipis kiTxvebi da testuri

davalebebi, romlebic metwilad kiTxvis unarebis dauflebis

adreul etapze gamoiyeneba:

teqsti

– saRamo mSvidobis, de (di/da).

– gagimarjos, Svilo!

– daTuna, modi, dediko.

– batono.

– ai, damjere biWi.

– ra aris, de?


48

– gacunculdi da kbilebi gamoixexe, kargi?

– ki, de!

– axla modi (kocnis).

– deda!

– gTxov, axla daweqi da daiZine, kargi?

– kargi, de, axlave.

– Cemi usayvarlesi Svili xar, daTuna. Cemo erTaderTo!

– yvelaze, yvelaze kargi da lamazi deda xar.

SemoxazeT swori pasuxi:

1. saRamos daTo esalmeba dedas? sworia / arasworia.

2. deda gamarjobiT pasuxobs? sworia / arasworia.

3. deda daTos TavisTan ixmobs? sworia / arasworia.

4. daTo damjere biWi ar aris? sworia / arasworia.

5. daTos ar ainteresebs dedis daZaxeba? sworia /

arasworia.

6. dedam kbilebis gamoxexva sTxova daTos? sworia /

arasworia.

7. daTo ar daemorCila? sworia / arasworia.

8. deda daTos kocnis? sworia / arasworia.

9. dedam daTo dasaZineblad gauSva? sworia / arasworia.

10. daTo usayvarlesi Svili ar aris? sworia / arasworia.

b. mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis davalebebi, rac gulisxmobs

standartul, arCeviTi pasuxebis mqone kiTxvebs:

teqsti

gamarjoba, Salva, rogor xar? dedaSeni rogor aris? Cveni ana-

no xom ar gabrazebs?

baTumidan pirdapir quTaisSi Cavedi, rogorc Sen mTxove, lela

vnaxe da Seni wigni saredaqciod gadaveci. kargi vqeni, rom Cavedi:


49

lela avad iyo, dedamisi ki mivlinebaSi iyo wasuli da momvleli

aravin hyavda... amitom 2 dRiT quTaisSi davrCi... meti veRar davrCebo-

di, radgan oTxSabaTs TbilisSi, seminarze viyavi Casasvleli.

seminari saministroSi gaimarTa, misasalmebeli sityva Tbilisis

me-60 skolis direqtorma warmoTqva. me dilas mqonda moxseneba. sul

ki im dRes, Cemi CaTvliT, Svidi gamomsvleli iyo. Cemi moxsenebis mere

sadili iyo. mere ki qalaqSi gavedi. saRamomde kidev 3 moxseneba maqvs

mosasmeni.

axla Cems dasTan var da werils gwer. ukve 3 saaTia. RamiT

davrCebi Cems dasTan da 9 aprils davbrundebi saxlSi.

anano damikocne. dedamTili aucileblad momikiTxe.

Seni megi

testuri davalebis nimuSi:

vin aris Salva megisTvis?

a) qmari

b) Svili

g) Zma

d) mama.

g. aseve testuri davalebebi, romlebic CamoTvlili movlenebisa

Tu sagnebis garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT (qronologiuri,

logikuri da a.S.) dawyobas moiTxovda:

teqsti (ix. wina teqsti)


daalageT qronologiuri TanamimdevrobiT, ra ris mere moxda (miuwe-

reT ricxvebi):

quTaisSi lelasTan 2 dRiT darCena

seminarze direqtoris sityviT gamosvla

lelasTan Casvla

sadili

Ramis gaTeva TbilisSi megis dasTan


50

d. wignierebis mimarTulebiT sakmaod maRal kompetenciebs

moiTxovs Ria testuri davalebebi, romlebSic moswavlem Tavad

unda daweros pasuxi (mokle, vrceli da eses tipisa):

warmoidgineT, rom gagagzavnes mivlinebaSi ucxoeTSi 2 Tqvens TanamSromelTan erTad. miswereT werili Tqveni ojaxis wevrs (meuRles, dedas, Svils...); mouyeviT, sad xarT, visTan erTad, rogori amindia, ras akeTebT dilas, SuadRisas, saRamoTi;

moifiqreT, ras gaakeTebT Tqveni ojaxis wevrebTan erTad, roca mivlinebidan dabrundebiT.

sityvebis minimaluri raodenoba – 50

SeniSvna: am tipis davalebas aucileblad unda

axldes zusti instruqcia, Tu ramdeni qula

iwereba ama Tu im komponentis mixedviT (maTSoris -

leqsikuri maragi, gramatikuli kompetencia –

dawvrilebiT ix. Tavi III)

e. testuri davalebebis tipi, romelic moiTxovs Semswavlelisgan,

Casvas gamotovebuli sityva an fraza da daasrulos

winadadeba.

(informaciuli teqsti Jirafze)

amerika dasavleT avstralia ZuZumwovara cxovelia

samxreT amfibiaa frinvelia afrika CrdiloeT

Jirafi yvelaze maRali . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jirafi . . . . . . . . . qveynebSi binadrobs.

Jirafis samSobloa . . . . . . . . . . .

oriode sityviT SevexebiT adreuli wignierebis specifikas,

romelic Sefasebisas ramdenadme gansxvavebuli principebis

gaTvaliswinebas moiTxovs, vinaidan swavlebis am safexurze sxva


51

donis kompetenciebis ganviTarebasa da, Sesabamisad, Semowmebazea

orientirebuli Semfasebeli.

aRsaniSnavia, rom adreuli wignierebis kvleva saerTaSoriso

masStabiT aqamde ar Catarebula. 2011 wlidan saqarTveloSi adreuli

wignierebis kvlevis mizniT, Semodis EGRA (Early-Grade-Reading-

Assessment), raTa aprobirebuli meTodologiisa da instrumentebis

saSualebiT, moaxdinos adreuli wignierebis ZiriTadi unarebis

Sefaseba.

adreuli wignierebis Sefaseba gamoirCeva specifikurobiT da misi

Sefaseba sakmaod rTulia. Tumca, Tuki kargad gamoikveTeba is

unarebi, romlebzec unda moxdes yuradRebis gamaxvileba,

SesaZlebelia instruqciebis kritikuli komponentebisgan miviRoT

Sefasebis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gageba.

EGRA-s eqspertebis mier gamoyofilia adreuli kiTxvis

umniSvnelovanesi 5 komponenti:

1. wakiTxulis swori fonematuri aRqma;

2. wakiTxulis swori akustikuri aRqma (asosa da bgeris

urTierTSesatyvisobis dadgena);

3. kiTxvis siswrafe;

4. leqsikoni;

5. wakiTxulis aRqma-gageba.

adreul etapze umniSvnelovanesia sityvebis amocnoba da

dekodireba. aq igulisxmeba, rom moswavles SeuZlia daadginos aso-

bgeriTi Sesatyvisobebi, anu aRiqvas kavSiri gamoTqmul bgerasa da

daweril asos Soris, SeuZlia anbanis principis gageba-gamoyeneba da

ama Tu is sityvis sworad amokiTxva. moswavleebSi am kompetenciebis

ganviTareba, Cveulebriv, wera-kiTxvis dawyebis pirvelive etapze xdeba

(adreuli wignierebis kvleva, egra, 2009, gv. 6). aqve unda iTqvas, rom

am komponents gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba aqvs im enebisTvis,

romlebSic daweriloba da warmoTqma erTmaneTs zustad ar emTxveva


52

(mag. inglisurSi). qarTulSi am mxriv naklebi problemebia, Tumca

bgerisa da misi werilobiTi xatis kavSiris ganmtkiceba swavlebis

dawyebiT safexurze (adreul etapze) aucilebelia. am tipis

davalebebi qarTulisTvisac adekvaturia; mag., SesaZlebelia, daisvas

aseTi kiTxva:

`gamoTqviT pirveli bgera, romliTac iwyeba es sityva.~

(dafaze weria sityva `yvavi~)~;

Semdeg amas mosdevs meore kiTxva:

`gamoTqviT momdevno bgera~... da a. S.

am tipis davalebebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania im

SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gamosacdeli azerbaijanulenovania: saqme is

gaxlavT, rom azerbaijanuli enisaTvis ucxoa zogierTi qarTuli

specifikuri bgera (yru mkveTri Tanxmovnebi – k, t, p, y, W...);

Sesabamisad, sawyis etapze bavSvebs uWirT am bgeraTa ara mxolod

sworad gamoTqma, aramed gansxvavebis aRqma saTanado yru

fSvinvierTan (q-k; T-t, c-w, C-W, y-x...).

momdevn etapze ukve calkeuli bgerebisgan sityvis agebis

unaris Semowmebaa: SesaZlebelia, bavSvi Tavisuflad amoicnobdes

asoebs (qarTuli am mxriv uaRresad `komfortuli~ enaa – bgera

yovelTvis / TiTqmis yovelTvis Seesabameba saTanado aRmniSvnels –

asos nebismier konteqstSi / sityvis farglebSi), magram ver

axerxebdes am bgeraTa erT mTlianobad `Sekvras~: sityva

organizebuli struqturuli erTeulia, romelsac sakuTari,

damoukidebeli SemarTva da damarTva aqvs, gansxvavebuli, cidre,

ubralod, misi Semadgeneli bgerebis erTobliobas (Sdr. bgeraTa

Tanamimdevroba b–a-v-S-v-i da sityva bavSvi).

teqstis gagebisaTvis umTavresi pirobaa sityvebis mniSvnelobis

codna da leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba. adreul etapze bavSvebis

leqsikuri maragis gafarToebis saukeTeso saSualebaa swavlis

procesSi mravalferovan masalaze muSaoba. gaugebari sityvebisa da

frazebis ganmartebisaTvis maswavlebelma SeiZleba sxvadasxva xerxs


53

mimarTos: gamoiyenos konteqsturi gasaRebebi, Tavad auxsnas

moswavleebs maTi mniSvneloba, axlad Seswavlili sityvebiT

Seadgeninos winadadebebi, gaaazrebinos sityvis Semadgeneli

calkeuli nawilebi, gamoiyenos axali sityvebi Tu gamoTqmebi

situaciur saubarSi da a. S. Sesabamisad, Sefasebisas unda

ganisazRvros, Tu ramdenad aqvs gamosacdels aTvisebuli es unarebi.

mniSvnelovania sityvebis kiTxvis tempi. eqspertebi gvirCeven,

visargebloT wammzomiT, rata davadginoT, Tu ramdeni sityvis

amokiTxvas SeZlebs bavSvi, magaliTad, 1 wuTis ganmavlobaSi; Tu

moswavle 60 wamSi 30 sityvas ver kiTxulobs – es ukve problemaa da

Sefasebisas mas qula akldeba (ix. egra, 2010)...

swavlebis garkveul etapze moswavlem ukve unda SeZlos

gamarTuli kiTxva. es exeba ara xmamaRal, aramed Cumad kiTxvas:

gamarTulad mkiTxveli Cumad kiTxvis dros, dekodirebis gareSe,

avtomaturad amoicnobs sityvebs da advilad igebs teqstis Sinaarss;

Sesabamisad, misTvis ukve problema arar aris, ar uWirs xmamaRla

kiTxva, sasven niSnebTan saTanado pauzebs akeTebs da irCevs Sesabamis

intonacias.

momdevno etapia wakiTxulis gageba-gaazreba da teqstis

interpretacia. gansxvavebiT dekodirebisa da sityvebis amocnobisagan,

wakiTxulis gaazreba teqstis siRrmiseuli Semecnebis procesia da

masSi gadmocemuli azrebis gacnobierebasa da konstruirebas

gulisxmobs (Sdr, kiTxvis efeqturi meTodebi, 2010, gv. 13).

rasakvirvelia, TiToeuli am etapis Sefaseba gradacias

eqvemdebareba da safexurebriv zrdas gulisxmobs.


54

b. wera

weras, sazogadod, wignierebis Semadgenel komponentad

ganixilaven. weris unarebis ganviTarebisas, yuradReba maxvildeba,

upirveles yovlisa, Semdeg aspeqtebze:

1. ramdenad aqvs gamosacdel pirs gacnobierebuli weris

mizani;

2. ramdenad aqvs gaazrebuli auditoria (visTvis wers);

3. aris Tu ara SesabamisobaSi (adekvaturia Tu ara) werilis

struqtura mizansa da auditoriasTan;

4. naweris enobrivi maxasiaTeblebi (leqsika, gramatika);

5. SemoqmedebiTad iyenebs damxmare detalebs saTqmelis ukeT

warmosaCenad.

weris procesi sakmaod rTulia da ramdenime etaps moicavs:

1. ideebis generireba weris dawyebamde;

2. pirveli variantis Seqmna;

3. gadamuSaveba saboloo variantis Seqmnamde;

4. redaqtireba;

5. gamoqveyneba.

rasakvirvelia, Sefasebisas unda moxdes yvela am komponentis

gaTvaliswineba; kerZod, mowmdeba:

a. teqstis struqtura (igulisxmeba iseTi parametrebi, rogoricaa

abzaci, rveulis areebidan daSoreba da a. S.);

b. logikuri aspeqtebi (ramdenad mwyobri da argumentirebulia

nawerSi gamoTqmuli azri);

g. leqsikis adekvaturad gamoyeneba;

d. gramatika;

d. marTlwera da punqtuacia.

wignierebis saerTaSoriso kvlevis angariSi, 2010.


55

weris unarebis Sefasebisas testuri davalebis ramdenime

sxvadasxva tipi gamoiyeneba. magaliTad, imisaTvis, Tu ramdenad

SeuZlia Semswavlels miznisa da auditoriis gansazRvra,

rekomendebulia amgvari testuri davalebis micema:

SeadginT ori dialogi: erTi megobarTan, meore

maswavlebelTan (Tema SearCieT damoukideblad).

Semswavlelis mier logikuri mimarTebebis flobis unaris

Semowmebisas SesaZlebelia, magaliTad am tipis davalebis micema:

daalageT teqsti logikuri TanmimdevrobiT (win miuwereT

rigiTi nomeri):

pirveli saaTi, romelic adamianma gamoigona, mzisa iyo,

genialurad martivi konstruqciiT - miwaSi CarWobili joxiTa

da mis garSemo daxatuli ciferblatiT. isris rols asrulebda

joxis Crdili.

Semdeg, daaxloebiT aTasi wlis win, qviSis saaTi Seqmnes. magram

es saaTi

drois mxolod mcire monakveTis, maqsimum naxevari saaTis,

gazomvas axerxebda.

magram mzis saaTis logikuri nakli is iyo, rom avdarsa da Se-

nobaSi gamousadegari iyo.

evropaSi pirveli meqanikuri saaTebi monastrebis koSkebze me-

TerTmete

saukuneSi gamoCnda.

majis saaTebi pirvelad mecxramete saukuneebSi Seqmnes mxolod

qalebisTvis. es saaTebi Zvirfasi TvlebiT iyo morTuli.

amis gamo oTxi aTasi wlis win punqtualobis moyvarulma ada-

mianebma wylis saaTi gamoigones. pirveli maRviZarac swored wy-

lis saaTs hqonda.


56

rogori iqneboda Cveni cxovreba, rom ar arsebobdes saaTi, maR-

viZara da dRis grafiki? saaTis Seqmnas didi istoria aqvs.

weris procesSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba

Semswavlelis mier Tezisis wamoWrisa da argumentebis moxmobis

unars; am unarebis gamosavlenad da Sesafaseblad SesaZlebelia

Semdegi tipis davalebebis micema:

ganavrceT mocemuli Tezisi saTanado enobrivi saSualebebis

gamoyenebiT:

mokle teqsturi Setyobineba (mesiji) mozardTa Soris

urTierTobis erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa.

mocemulia kacobriobis ocamde yvelaze mniSvnelovani

gamogoneba. Tqveni azriT, am siidan romelia sami yvelaze

mniSvnelovani da ratom fiqrobT ase? pasuxi daasabuTeT

saTanado argumentebiT:

dana, webo, musikaluri istrumentebi, lamfa, qvabi,

sarke, borbali, saponi, kompasi, SuSa, denTi,

avtomanqana, TviTmfrinavi, kinokamera, televizori,

kompiuteri, xelovnuri Tanamgzavri, lazeri, printeri.

anda:

marTebulia Tu ara moyvanili Tezisi? pasuxi daasabuTeT

argumentebiT.

saqarTvelo tolerantuli qveyanaa.

dasaSvebia am tipis davalebis micemac:

aageT msjeloba mocemul Temaze::

unda misdios Tu ara adamianma modas? unda Caicvas Tu

ara adamianma modurad?


57

weris erT-erTi komponentia sakuTari poziciis gamoxatva;

faqtobrivad, es komponenti Seesabameba blumis taqsonomiis umaRles

safexurs – Sefasebas da enobrivi kompetenciebis flobis maRal

dones gulisxmobs. am unaris Sesafaseblad mizanSewonilia,

magaliTad, eses tipis Semdegi davalebis micema:

gamoxateT sakuTari pozicia mocemul TemasTan

dakavSirebiT:

umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebaSi swavlisas saWiroa

Tu ara saSinao davalebebis Sesruleba?

yvelaze srulyofilad weris sxvadasxva unaris kompleqsurad

Sesafaseblad eses tipis davalebis micemaa. am SemTxvevaSi

aucilebelia zusti da obieqturi instruqciebis micema

gamsworeblebisaTvis, raTa TiToeuli komponenti obieqturad da

samarTlianad Sefasdes; mag.:

mocemulia Temebi. amoirCieT erTi maTgani da SeqmeniT

aRweriTi teqsti.

Tqveni skola

Tqveni qalaqi/sofeli

Tqveni sayvareli msaxiobi

(instruqcia: maqsimaluri qulaa 10; 3 gramatikul Secdomaze

akldeba 1 qula; leqsikis mwiri gamoyeneba – akldeba 1 qula;

logikurad gaumarTaobis SemTxvevaSi – 3 qula; teqstis

struqturuli mTlianobis darRvevisaTvis – akldeba 2 qula... da a.

S.).

gramatikuli codnis Sesamowmeblad sxvadasxva tipis

davalebebis micemaa SesaZlebeli (dawvrilebiT ix, qvemoT); metwilad

iyeneben aprobirebul da gavrcel;ebul testur davalebas:

gadaiyvaneT teqsti mesame pirSi:

abiturienti var da vemzadebi, Tan skolaSi davdivar. diliT

ise miwevs Sinidan gasvla, rom diliT Wamas ver vaxerxeb,


58

amitomac drois uqonlobis gamo sxvebis msgavsad ureJimod

vikvebebi quCaSi. amis gamo sagrZnoblad movimate wona. var

depresiaSi. mudmivad ukmayofilo var Cemi TaviT da mTlianad

Cemi cxovrebiT. mirCieT, ra vqna? rogorc miTxres, saukeTeso

gamosavali fizikuri aqtivobaa, gansakuTrebiT curvaze

siaruli. magram, gulaxdilad rom vTqva, mezareba amis

gakeTeba, arada, darwmunebuli var, CemTvis sasurvel Sedegs

male miviReb.

adreul asakSi, rogorc zemoT iTqva, garkveulwilad

gansxvavebul unarebze keTdeba aqcenti; magaliTad, am etapze

SeuZlebelia, moviTxovoT bavSvisgan logikuri msjelobis

srulyofileba, anda marTlwerisa da punqtuaciis wesebis dacva;

Tumca, aucilebelia iseTi moTxovnebis dakmayofileba

gamosacdelisgan, rogoricaa:

1. wers Tu ara yvela asos;

2. SeuZlia Tu ara teqstis gadawera;

3. SeuZlia Tu ara sityvebisa da winadadebebis karnaxiT Cawera;

4. SeuZlia Tu ara winadadebis konstruireba...

adreuli wignierebis kvleva, egra, 2009

momdevno etapze fasdeba Semdegi unarebi:

asaxelebs punqtuaciis niSnebs da aRwers maT daniSnulebas;

Segnebulad iyenebs gramatikis, orTografiis, punqtuaciis

praqtikulad aucilebel minimums; wers naratiul/TxrobiT an

aRweriT abzacs; wers argumentirebul eses struqturis dacviT,

Tezisis CamoyalibebiT da argumentebis moSveliebiT...

unda Sefasdes agreTve, ramdenad SeuZlia gamosacdels misTvis

nacnob martiv Temebze azrobrivad gamarTuli teqstis dawera, unda

SeeZlos sakuTari STabeWdilebebis da gamocdilebis gadmocema,

sakuTari mosazrebis dasacavad argumentebisa da kontrargumentebis

moyvana, movlenaTa Tanamimdevrobis logikurad gadmocema; mizezisa

da miznis gadmocema; unda SeeZlos werilebis wera, romlebSic

garkveulad aRwers movlenebisadmi pirad damokidebulebebs... yvela


59

es moTxovna enis flobis doneTa gansxvavebul safexurebs

ganekuTvneba da Sesabamisad, testi iRebs kriteriumze orientirebul

xasiaTs _ zustad ganisazRvreba, Tu romel safexurze imyofeba

gamosacdeli (A1, A2, B1, B2...).

g. leqsika

leqsika da gramatika, bunebrivia, enobriv unarebad ar

ganixileba: yvela sametyvelo unar-Cvevis (laparaki, mosmena, kiTxva,

wera...) ganviTarebisaTvis Semadgeneli komponentia leqsikuri maragis

Sevseba da gramatikuli (rogorc morfologiuri, aseve sintaqsuri)

struqturis aTviseba... am Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, Sefasebis

mizani unda iyos ara mxolod imis Semowmeba, Tu ra odenobis

leqsikuri maragi aqvT moswavleebs (amis Semowmeba, praqtikulad,

SeuZlebelia), aramed imis Sefaseba, Tu ramdenad kargad floben

isini kiTxvis, mosmenis Tu weris sxvadasxva strategias ucnobi

leqsikuri erTeulebis mniSvnelobis gasagebad, anu ramdenad

efeqturad iyeneben teqstze darTul sacnobaro aparats (leqsikons

da sqolioebs...), aseve, ra saazrovno unarebs iyeneben maT amosacnobad

– magaliTad, SeuZliaT Tu ara konteqstze dayrdnobiT ucnobi

leqsikuri erTeulebis sworad gageba da aRqma. (enaTa flobis...(1),

2008, gv. 178)

Cveulebriv, leqsikuri maragis flobis Sesamowmeblad,

sametyvelo qmedebebis im Tematuri sferoebidan iReben sityvebs

(rasakvirvelia, SerCeviT), romelTa codnac aucilebelia ama Tu im

konkretul doneze; magaliTad, A1 doneze sabanko saqmianobis an

iurisprudenciis sferodan SerCeuli leqsikuri erTeulebis (miT

umetes – terminebis) codnas ver movTxovT Semswavlels... gamoiyeneba

Semdegi saxis testuri davalebebi:


60

mravalwertilis nacvlad CasviT saTanado sityva:

biZa, babua, deidaSvili - Cemi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . arian.

weliwadis romeli dro modis gazafxulis Semdeg?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sad SeiZleba iyidoT:

1. rveuli? ___________________________

2. msxali? ___________________________

4. Jurnali? ___________________________

5. sanTebela? ___________________________

6. tansacmeli? ___________________________

7. puri? ___________________________

8. Termometri? ___________________________

gaarkvieT sityvebis zogadi mniSvnelobebi:

biWi, kaci, qali, gogo... (= adamiani);

kata, ZaRli, Zroxa, cxvari... =

WianWvela, qaTami, mgeli, adamiani... =

qva, magida, rveuli, ezo... =

ra ufro didia:

qva Tu lodi? _

arwivi Tu bulbuli?

daTvi Tu Tagvi? _

mze Tu dedamiwa? _


61

gaixsene sapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqone sityva:

• dila _ (saRamo).

• Rame _ .................................

• sinaTle _ ................................

• maRali _ ...........................

winadadebaSi: `qalaqSi unda waxvide da wignebi Camoitano~ _ ra

mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba sityva unda?

a. gamoxatavs survils.

b. gamoxatavs valdebulebas.

g. gamoxatavs brZanebas.

d. gramatika

cnebaSi `gramatikuli kompetencia~ igulisxmeba enis gramatikuli

saSualebebis codnisa da gamoyenebis unari.

enis gramatika SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc principebis erTia-

noba, romelic aqcevs elementebis erTobliobas Sinaarsis mqone wi-

nadadebad. gramatikuli kompetencia iZleva kargad formulirebuli

frazebiTa da winadadebebiT Sinaarsis gamoxatvisa da gagebis saSua-

lebas. nebismieri enis gramatika am gagebiT aris metad amomwuravad

damuSavebuli kompleqsuri erToblioba. kompetenciis gansasjeli ar

aris, Tu romeli maTganis gamoyenebas miecema prioriteti. momxmare-

beli unda waxalisdes, raTa mihyves Tavis arCevans da gamoiyenos

praqtikaSi (enaTa flobis...(1), 2008, gv. 180). Cven aq SemovifarglebiT

zogierTi parametriTa da kategoriiT, romelic farTodaa gamoyene-

buli gramatikul aRwerilobaSi.


62

enis gramatikuli wyobis aRwera gulisxmobs Semdeg cnebaTa

konkretizacias:

elementebi, mag.: morfemebi, Zireuli morfemebi da afiqsebi,

sityvebi.

kategoriebi, mag.: ricxvi, brunva, piri, konkretuli / abstraqtu-

li, gardamavali / gardauvali, moqmedebiTi /

vnebiTi gvari, dro, aspeqti...

klasebi, mag.: uRleba, bruneba, Ria leqsikuri klasebi: arse-

biTi, zedsarTavi, zmna, zmnizeda....

struqturebi, mag.: rTuli da Sedgenili sityvebi, Sesityvebebi

(zmnuri, saxeluri da a. S.), martivi winadadeba,

rTuli winadadeba (rTuli Tanwyobili, rTuli

qvewyobili).

procesebi, mag.: nominalizacia, afiqsacia, supletivizmi, gra-

dacia, transpozicia, transformacia.

winadadebis wevrTa

urTierTobis saxeebi,

mag,:

marTva, SeTanxmeba, mirTva.

gramatikis Seswavlis dros tradiciulad mijnaven

morfologiasa da sintaqss.

morfologia swavlobs sityvebis Sinagan organizebas, sityvaSi

gamoiyofa:

fuZe da Ziri;

afiqsebi (prefiqsebi, sufiqsebi, infiqsebi).

sityvaTwarmoeba:

sityvebi SeiZleba dajgufdes Semdegnairad:

martivi sityvebi (kac-i, wign-i...);

rTuli sityvebi (Ziri+afiqsi, mag.: kac-ur-i, u-wign-ur-i...);

Sedgenili sityvebi (Seicavs erT Zirze mets, mag.: de-

da+ena=dedaena, ded-mama... ).

morfologia aseve swavlobs formaTwarmoqmnis xerxebs.


63

sintaqsis sagans warmoadgens winadadebaSi sityvaTa urTierTmi-

marTeba elementebis, struqturebis, kategoriebis, klasebis, procese-

bisa da urTierTobis saxeebis doneze. amasTanave, sintaqsi swavlobs

winadadebaSi sityvaTa urTierTobebs garkveuli wesebis kompleqsis

safuZvelze. ufrosi asakis enis matareblis sintaqsi sakmaod rTulia

da maTi warmoqmna xdeba umetesad gaucnobiereblad. garkveuli Si-

naarsis mqone winadadebis agebis unari udevs safuZvlad komunika-

ciur kompetencias.

(enaTa flobis...(1), 2008, gv. 185).

qvemoT warmodgenili cxrili aucilebelia gramatikuli sizus-

tisaTvis. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom faqtobrivad SeuZlebelia ise-

Ti universaluri cxrilis Sedgena, romelic gansazRvravs Semswav-

lelis gramatikuli struqturis flobis dones. yvela enisaTvis am

cxrils zogadi saxe aqvs da yvela enisaTvis specifikuri `ganSlaa~

aucilebeli:

gramatikuli sizuste

C2 mudmivad inarCunebs gramatikuli sizustis maRal dones rTuli mety-

velebis dros, im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca yuradReba ifanteba raRac mi-

zezis gamo (magaliTad, momdevno gamonaTqvamebis dagegmvisas, sxvebis

reaqciis monitoringis dros).

C1 mudmivad inarCunebs gramatikuli sizustis maRal dones, iSviaTad uS-

vebs sxvebisaTvis SeumCnevel uzustobebs.

B2 gramatikuli kontrolis maRali donis Cveneba: winadadebis agebisas

mcire xarvezebi, romelTa aRmofxvrac TviTonve SeuZlia.

gramatikuli sizustis SedarebiT maRali done. Semswavleli ar uSvebs

iseT Secdomebs, romlebic daamaxinjebs gamonaTqvamis azrs.

B1 nacnob situaciebSi metyvelebs sakmaod zustad, Tumca emCneva mSobli-

uri enis gavlena. aqvs Secdomebi, magram gamonaTqvamis zogadi azri

savsebiT naTelia.

sakmaod kargad iyenebs garkveul standartul konstruqciebs winaswar

gansazRvrul situaciebSi.


64

A2 sworad iyenebs martiv gramatikul konstruqciebs, magram mudmivad uS-

vebs tipur Secdomebs. magaliTad, ereva droebi, arasworad aformebs

SeTanxmebas, Tumca gamonaTqvamis azri naTelia.

A1 SeuZlia dazepirebuli martivi konstruqciebisa da winadadebebis mod-

elebis SezRuduli raodenobis gamoyeneba.

enaTa flobis...(1), 2008, gv. 186)

mocemuli zogadi principebis gaTvaliswinebiT, unda moxdes

Semswavlelis gramatikuli kompetenciis Sefaseba. amisaTvis ramdenime

tipis testuri davaleba gamoiyeneba; nimuSis saxiT gTavazobT

ramdenime magaliTs:

romelia swori forma:

a) bavSvma kari gaaRo da oTaxSi Sevida

b) bavSvma kari gaaRo da oTaxSi gadavida

g) bavSvma kari gaaRo da oTaxSi gamovida

d) bavSvma kari gaaRo da oTaxSi wavida

mocemuli formebidan CasviT winadadebaSi erT-erTi:

1. ____________ saxlSi ar viqnebi (guSin / xval).

2. ____________ Tavisufali var (guSin / dRes).

3. ____________ TeatrSi kargi speqtaklia (dRes / guSin-

win).

4. ____________ diliT sad iqneba Seni Zma? (guSinwin /

mazeg)

5. ____________ maRaziaSi viyavi da kargi Sarvali

viyide. (guSin / xval)

CasviT formebi nimuSis mixedviT:

1. nino (1987-1989) 1987 wlidan 1989 wlamde parizSi cxo-vrobda.

2. maia (6-10saaTi) ______________________ CemTan iqneba.

3. (samSabaTi _ xuSabaTi) ____________________ ar mcalia.


65

4. am skolaSi vswavlobdi (1990-1995) ___________________

5. (7 saaTi _ 9 saaTi) ______________ saxlSi ar viqnebi.

CasviT saTanado daboloebebi sityvebis bolos:

yvelani saxl... vbrundebiT; am adamian... yvela kargs

ambobs; Teatr... dRes premieraa; saxurav... karlsoni

dabinavda; am ambav... didxans vfiqrobdi; skola... mivdivar;

Tixis... WurWeli keTdeba; saxlisa... wavedi.

calke ganixileba orTografiisa da punqtuaciis

sferoebi; rasakvirvelia, am mimarTulebiTac unda moxdes

Semswavlelis Sefaseba:

gaxazeT swori formebi:

merabma, ramazim, levans, oTarma, nestanize, Tengiz! merabim,

levanma, ramazize, Tamarim, eTeri! levan! eTerma, nodarim,

ramazi! guramisTan, zaurma, daviT! Tamazze, baqarma, zurab!

eldarisTan, nestanma, eTer! eldari! Temurma.

CasviT gamotovebul adgilas:

Sens gamo, Sen gamo, Sengamo.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ver wavedi.

CasviT sityvebi saTanado formaSi:

1. wyalwaRebuli ___________ eWidebao. (xavsi)

2. mweralma mravali moTxroba miuZRvna ______________ da

_________________. (Tbilisi; quTaisi)

3. __________ da qaosma qveyana ganadgurebamde miiyvana. (omi)

4. am ______________ sasiamovno mogonebebi makavSirebs. (nivTi)

5. ___________ yvela msurveli ver daitia. (gemi)


66

gaasworeT Secdomebi:

1. nuca manqanas akeTebiebs. _______________________________ 2. man saxli cnobil dizainers daaproeqtebia.

________________________________________________ 3. eka paltos ninos akerinebs.

__________________________________________ 4. saCuqari dedam SearCevia.

__________________________________________ 5. mgzavrma mZRols avtobusi gaaCerebia.

____________________________________________________

dasviT mZimeebi:

1. lamazi gogoebi jinsis SarvlebSi gamowyobilebi un-

iversitetSi movidnen.

2. lukam saSinlad aRelvebulma da gafiTrebulma luk-

mac ver gadaylapa.

3. saba fiqrebSi garTuli tiroda.

4. gogona dedis mkerdSi miyuCebuli ukve icinoda.

5. bavSvebi SeSinebulni da dasvelebulni Sin dabrundnen.

sazogadod, enis swavlebis maRal safexurebze ufro meti

moTxovnaa gramatikuli aspeqtebis mimarT. mxolod gramatikul

formaTa analizi aRar aris sakmarisi da gamosacdels moeTxoveba

teqstis enis aRqma-gageba, rac gulisxmobs konkretuli tipis

teqstisTvis damaxasiaTebeli gramatikuli konstruqciebis, avtorisa

Tu personaJis enis, profesiuli leqsikis, Jargonis, dialeqturi

formebisa da arqaizmebis amocnobasa da gagebas, aseve

frazeologizmebisa da mxatvruli xerxebis amocnobas, maTi Sinaarsis

aRqma-gagebas.

teqstis enis gaanalizeba da Sefaseba - es aris wakiTxuli

teqstis enobrivi analizi im enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebiT

(mxatvruli saxeebi, specialuri leqsika, enobrivi konstruqciebi da


67

sxv.), romlebic qmnian sxvadasxva Janris mxatvrul da aramxatvrul

teqstebs.

meore enis Sefasebisas teqstis enis analizis unari mxolod

umaRles safexurebze (C1, C2) SeiZleba movTxovoT Semswavlels. am

unarebis ganviTareba sakmaod maRali enobrivi kompetenciebis

dauflebas gulisxmobs...


68

3. TviTSefaseba

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, imisaTvis, rom moswavle SeeCvios saku-

Tari pasuxis Semowmebas, Camouyalibdes Secdomis mimarT swori da-

mokidebuleba, daZlios SiSi Secdomis winaSe, mas saSualeba unda

mivceT, Tavad Seafasos sakuTari codna (unarebi).

TviTSefaseba aris Semswavlelis mier enis flobis donis

miseuli Sefaseba.

gamokvlevaTa Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom Tu Sefaseba ar aris

`sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisa~ (mag.: kursidan kursze gadasvla)

TviTSefaseba SeiZleba gamodges, rogorc damatebiTi argumenti enis

flobis obieqturi, srulyofili SefasebisTvis. TviTSefasebis

obieqturoba miT ufro maRalia, rodesac eyrdnoba mkafiod aRweril

indikatorebs, romlebic gansazRvraven enis flobis standartebs;

Sefaseba iqneba ufro zusti, Tu Semswavlels `aswavlian~

TviTSefasebas. aseTi struqturirebuli TviTSefaseba SeiZleba

ukavSirdebodes maswavleblis Sefasebasa da testis Sefasebas. rac im

SeTanxmebuli Sefasebis ekvivalenturia, romelic dadgenilia

maswavlebelTa Soris testebisa da maswavleblis Sefasebis Soris

(Tanxvedra-validuroba).

magram TviTSefasebis mTavari amocanaa Semswavlelis motivaciis

amaRleba da enis Seswavlisadmi misi Segnebuli damokidebuleba: is

exmareba Semswavlels, Seafasos Tavisi Zlieri mxareebi, gaarkvios

sakuTari sisusteebi da moaxdinos Tavisi saswavlo qmedebebis

koreqcia.

TviTSefasebis standartizaciis mizniT, Eevropis sabWom

SeimuSava evropuli enobrivi portfolio (ELP), romlis meSveobiTac

mTeli evropis masStabiT nebismieri asakisa da warmoSobis enis

SemswavlelT SeuZliaT aRnusxon sakuTari enobrivi SesaZleblobani.


69

portfolio personaluri dokumentia, romelsac flobs da re-

gularulad ganaaxlebs Semswavleli. igi sami ganyofilebisagan Sed-

geba:

sapasporto ganyofileba, romelic aRnusxavs enobriv kvalifi-

kacias da SesaZleblobebs (formaluri da araformaluri)

saerTaSoriso doneze aRiarebuli saxiT;

enobrivi da kulturuli biografiis ganyofileba, romelSic

Semswavlelebs SeuZliaT aRweron enis codna da swavlisas mi-

Rebuli STabeWdilebebi rac SeiZleba met enasTan mimarTebiT;

dosie _ Semswavlelis mier gaweuli Sromis magaliTebis gan-

saTavseblad, miznad isaxavs ra adamianTa motivirebas enebis

Sesaswavlad, rogorc formaluri ganaTlebis farglebSi, ise

mis gareT, portfolio xels Seuwyobs evropaSi mobiluroba-

sac, radgan is naTlad aRnusxavs adamianis enobriv SesaZleb-

lobebs, rac am ukanasknels mniSvnelovnad gamoadgeba samuSao

ganacxadis Sevsebisas, romelime saganmanaTleblo dawesebule-

baSi Sesvlisas da a.S.

ELPportfolios nimuSebis akreditaciis wesebi SeTanxmda da akredi-

taciaze pasuxismgeblobis asaRebad kulturuli TanamSromlobis

sabWos ganaTlebis komitetis xelmZRvanelobiT Seiqmna evropis vali-

daciis komiteti. portfolio amoqmedda 2001 _ `evropis enaTa~ wels.

dResdReobiT aqtiurad ganixileba sakiTxi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi

`evropuli enobrivi portfolios~ farTo danergvis Sesaxeb. enobrivi

portfolio saSualebas miscems Semswavlels, daafiqsiros Tavisi

gza mravalenovnebis misaRwevad da warmoaCinos Tavisi miRwevebi

sxvadasxva enaSi. enobrivi portfolio mowodebulia imisTvis, rom

Semswavlelma regularulad ganaxorcielos Sesaswavli enis flobis

donis TviTSefaseba. imisaTvis, rom enobriv portfolioSi

warmodgenili cnobebi sarwmunod iqnes miRebuli, is unda iyos

Sevsebuli dafiqrebulad, yovelgvari orazrovnebis gamoricxviT.


70

enobrivi portfolio aris Semswavlelis _ moswavlis an

studentis sakuTreba. is Tan sdevs Semswavlels swavlis mTeli

procesis ganmavlobaSi, Tundac manamde, sanam isini Seicvlian

akademiur Tu saswavlo kurss.

evropuli enobrivi portfolio momxmareblebs aZlevs Semdeg

saSualebebs:

Caiweros maTi yvela enobrivi unari da gamocdileba sxvadasxva

enis gamoyenebaSi, sxva qveynebSi an danarCen regionebSi da im

enaze metyvelebTan kontaqtebi, romlebic gansxvavdeba maTi

mSobliuri enisagan (enebisagan) ise, rom SesaZlebeli iyos maTi

wardgena mesame mxarisTvis;

ganviTardes maTi enis swavlis avtonomiuroba, anu imaze fiqri,

Tu rogor saqmianoben da swavliT rogor axdenen

TviTSefasebas;

mizanmimarTuli svla namdvili mravalenovnebisken.

rogorc zemoT ukve iTqva, `enaTa flobis zogadevropuli

kompetenciebi~ yofs doneebis skalas sxvadasxva enobrivi aqtivobis

mixedviT: mosmena - kiTxva - wera - metyvelebiTi interaqtivi – zepiri

warmoTqma. aqedan gamomdinare, Cven viRebT TviTSefasebis bades,

romelic qvemoTaa mocemuli. am badis TiToeul blokSi `enaTa

flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi~ warmoadgens gansazRvrebas,

romelic gansxvavdeba sxva blokebis Sinaarsisgan vertikaluri

RerZis gaswvriv gamoyenebuli enis aqtivobis tipis mixedviT da

horizontaluri RerZis gaswvriv _ SeZenili kompetenciis doniT. amis

gamo, moswavlis kompetenciis done SesaZlebelia dadgindes cal-

calke TiToeul aqtivobaSi misi unaris mixedviT. magaliTad, erTi da

igive pirovneba sakmaod obieqturad da bunebrivad SeiZleba Sefasdes

A2 doneze wakiTxulis gagebaSi (recefciuli unari) da A1 doneze _

weriT gamoxatvaSi (producirebis unari, romelic droSi, rogorc

wesi, misdevs recefciul unarebs) qarTul (meore) enaSi...


71

swavlis sxvadasxva tipebis, piradi saqmianobebis Tu

samsaxurebis moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad moswavleebma an

studentebma SesaZlebelia gadawyviton, koncentracia moaxdinon erT

enobriv aqtivobaze, vidre meoreze da, amgvarad, gamoavlinon sakmao

disbalansi gagebis (recefciis) Tu producirebis miRweul doneebs

Soris, iqneba es zepiri Tu weriTi. sxvadasxva enobriv aqtivobaSi

kompetenciis doneebs Soris disbalansi bunebrivad unda miviRoT. es

asimetria ar aris dabrkoleba, aramed SesaZlebelia swavlis biZgad

iqces. swavlebis Tanamimdevrobebi metad mravalricxovania, kerZod,

lingvistur kvalificiurobaSi gansxvavebebi imas Soris, Tu ra aris

aucilebeli gagebisTvis da ra aris aucilebeli producirebisaTvis.

TviTSefasebis badis wyalobiT xuT sxvadasxva sakomunikacio

aqtivobaSi amJamad enis Semswavlelebs aqvT arsebuli realobis

zustad Caweris saSualeba:

A1 A2 B1

e n i s g

a g e b

a

audireba

me SemiZlia im

nacnobi sityve-

bisa da martivi

frazebis gageba,

rac me, Cems

ojaxs da Cems

axlo garemocvas

exeba, roca ada-

mianebi lapar-

akoben nela da

mkafiod.

me SemiZlia cal-

keuli frazebisa

da xSirad xmare-

buli sityvebis

gageba im gamo-

naTqvamebSi, rom-

lebic CemTvis

saintereso Temebs

exeba (mag. ZiriTa-

di informacia

sakuTari Tavis,

ojaxis, sacxovre-

beli adgilis,

samuSaos Sesaxeb).

me SemiZlia imis

gageba, Tu razea

saubari mokle

martiv, mkafiod

naTqvam Setyobine-

bebsa da gancxa-

debebSi.

me SemiZlia gavi-

go naTeli, stan-

dartuli metyve-

lebis mTavari

azri, romelic

regularulad

mesmis samsaxurSi,

skolaSi, dasvene-

bis periodSi da

a. S. aseve SemiZ-

lia radio da te-

le programebSi

Cems pirad da

profesiul inte-

resebTan dakav-

Sirebuli Tu

mimdinare sakiT-

xebis mTavari az-

ris gageba, rode-

sac gadacema mim-

dinareobs Se-

darebiT nela da


72

mkafiod.

wakiTxva me SemiZlia gan-

cxadebebSi, pla-

katebsa an kata-

logebSi nacnobi

saxelebis, sity-

vebisa da Zalian

martivi winada-

debebis gageba.

me SemiZlia Zali-

an mokle teqste-

bis gageba. me Se-

miZlia yoveldRi-

uri urTierTobi-

sas martivi, kon-

kretuli, advilad

misaxvedri infor-

maciis povna: rek-

lamaSi, meniuSi,

ganrigebSi. me Se-

miZlia kerZo xa-

siaTis werilebis

gageba

me SemiZlia yo-

veldRiuri da

profesiuli ur-

TierTobebis eno-

briv masalaze

agebuli teqstis

gageba. me SemiZ-

lia kerZo xasia-

Tis werilebSi

aRwerili movle-

nebis, grZnobebisa

da survilebis

gageba

m e t y v e l

e b a

dialogi me SemiZlia mar-

tivi dialogi

pirovnebasTan,

Tu is Cemi Txov-

niT gai-meorebs

Tavis naTqvams,

an Camo-ayalibebs

mas ufro neli

tempiT da damex-

mareba Cemi saTq-

melis formu-

lirebaSi. me Se-

miZlia martivi

SekiTxvis dasma

da pasuxis gace-

ma CemTvis nac-

nobi an sainte-

reso Temebis

farglebSi

me SemiZlia urTi-

erToba martiv,

tipobriv situa-

ciebSi, sadac mo-

meTxoveba CemTvis

nacnobi Temebisa

da saqmianobis

farglebSi infor-

maciis uSualo

gacvla. me SemiZ-

lia Caveba Zalian

mokle saubarSi

socialur Temebze

da maSinac ki

yvelafers ver

gavigeb ise, rom

damoukideblad

warvmarTo di-

alogi.

me SemiZlia im

mravalgvar situ-

aciaSi urTier-

Toba, romelic

warmoiSoba Se-

saswavli enis qve-

yanaSi yofnisas.

me SemiZlia moum-

zadeblad miviRo

monawileoba di-

alogebSi CemTvis

nacnob / sainte-

reso Temebze (mag.

`ojaxi~, `hobi~,

`samsaxuri~, `mog-

zauroba~, `mimdi-

nare movlenebi~).

monologi me SemiZlia mar-

tivi winadadebe-

bisa da fraze-

bis gamoyenebiT

movyve CemTvis

nacnobi adamia-

nebis an Cemi

sacxovrebeli

me SemiZlia

ubralo frazebi-

Ta da winadadebe-

biT movyve Cemi

ojaxisa da sxva

xalxis, cxovrebis

pirobebisa da

swavlis, amJamin-

me SemiZlia mar-

tivi saSualebe-

biT erTmaneTs

daukavSiro fra-

zebi, rom aRvwe-

ro piradi Sta-

beWdilebebi da

movlenebi, movyve


73

adgilis Sesaxeb. deli da Zveli

samsaxuris Sesax-

eb.

Cemi ocnebebis,

imedebisa da sur-

vilebis Sesaxeb.

me SemiZlia

mokled avxsna da

davasabuTo Cemi

Sexedulebebi da

gegmebi. me SemiZ-

lia ambis moyola

da wignis an

filmis Sinaarsis

gadmocema da mis

mimarT Cemi damo-

kidebulebis ga-

moxatva.

w e r

a

wera me SemiZlia misa-

loci baraTebis

wera, formula-

rebis Sevseba,

sastumros sare-

gistracio fur-

celSi gvaris,

erovnebis, misa-

marTis Setana.

me SemiZlia mokle

SetyobinebaTa da

baraTebis wera. me

SemiZlia martivi

piradi xasiaTis

werilis dawera

(mag. vinmes mimarT

madlierebis

grZnobis gamoxat-

va).

me SemiZlia CemT-

vis nacnob an

saintereso Te-

mebze martivi

gabmuli teqstis

dawera. me SemiZ-

lia kerZo xasia-

Tis werilis da-

wera, romelSic

Cems gancdebsa da

StabeWdilebebzea

saubari.

qarTuli enisaTvis enobrivi portfolio 2011 wels Seiqmna.

wesisamebr, igi 3 nawilisgan Sedgeba da efuZneba zogadevropul

standartebs. gTvazobT amonarids am portfoliodan (srulad ix.

evropuli enobrivi portfolio, Tbilisi, `saimedo~, 2011):


74

danarTi 1

`Cemi unarebi~

T v i T S e f a s e b a

(aramSobliuri enebis Cemeuli Sefaseba)

qvemoT moTavsebuli TiToeuli cxrili gankuTvnilia Seni

unarebis gamosavlenad im aramSobliur enebSi, romlebsac

swavlob. maT SefasebaSi dagexmareba TviTSefasebis tabula.

Cemi unarebi

ena ----------------------------------------------

TariRi ---------------------------------------

enis gasaRebi

A 1

enis safuZveli

A 2

zRvruli done

B 1

roca vismen

roca vsaubrob

roca vkiTxulob

me SemiZlia dav-

wero


75

danarTi 2

`Cemi enobrivi biografia~

Mmosmena

enis gasaRebi

A 1

me SemiZlia calkeuli sityvebisa da winadadebebis gageba moT-

xrobebsa da zRaprebSi.

me SemiZlia martivi sabavSvo leqsebisa da simRerebis gageba.

me SemiZlia gavigo pirovnebis saxeli, gvari da misamarTi.

me SemiZlia martivi Txovnis gageba.

me SemiZlia warmoTqmuli saxelebis, gvarebis, ricxvebis, saaTis

gageba.

me SemiZlia martivi Txovnis, SekiTxvis gageba, Tu melaparake-

bian nela.

me SemiZlia martivi brZanebis gageba da misi Sesruleba.

me SemiZlia gavigo, roca mekiTxebian Cems vinaobas da misa-

marTs.

me aseve SemiZlia -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


76

danarTi 3

`Cemi dosie~

Caawyve saqaRaldeSi yovelive is, ris Senaxva da sxvebisTvis

Cveneba ginda. es SeiZleba iyos:

_ SenTvis saintereso suraTebi, romlebsac warwerebi aqvs

SenTvis meore an ucxo enaze.

_ weriTi davalebebi.

_ Sesworebuli da Sefasebuli sakontrolo samuSaoebi.

_ sakuTari metyvelebis magnitofiri an CD.

_ da ase Semdeg...

Sen SegiZlia mudmivad Seavso es saqaRalde axali masaliT.


77

danarTi 4

maswavleblis gverdi

moswavle ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sesaswavli ena /enebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------

sagnebi, romlebic iswavleba aramSobliur enaze -------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

enis flobis donis Sefaseba: moswavlis warmatebebis mokle

daxasiaTeba

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

maswavleblis xelmowera ------------------------------------------------------------------

moswavle ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sesaswavli ena /enebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------

sagnebi, romlebic iswavleba aramSobliur enaze -------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

enis flobis donis Sefaseba: moswavlis warmatebebis mokle

daxasiaTeba

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


78

Tavi 3

testirebis mniSvneloba

meore enis swavlebis procesSi

Sesavali

testireba Sefasebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi formaa. ganaTle-

bis sxvadasxva safexurze testireba gamoiyeneba, rogorc codnisa da

unarebis Sefasebis erT-erTi obieqturi da SedarebiT swrafad

ganxorcielebadi meTodi.

testirebis instruments testi warmoadgens.

ra aris testi?

testi (test) inglisuri sityvaa da niSnavs gasinjvas, gamocdas,

Semowmebas. testi specialuri kvlevis meTodia, romelic uzrunvel-

yofs adamianTa codnis, SesaZleblobebisa da unar-Cvevebis obieqtur,

swraf da sando Sefasebas. testi _ es aris sazomi instrumenti, ro-

melic mecnierul meTodologias efuZneba. testis Seqmnisa da anali-

zis Teorias Seiswavlis mecnierebis specialuri dargi, romelsac

fsiqometrika ewodeba.

testis, rogorc sazomi instrumentis umniSvnelovanesi cnebebia

validoba, sandooba, aratendenciuroba _ maT xSirad testis ganzo-

milebebsac uwodeben.

Cveulebriv, testi Sedgeba amocanebisa da kiTxvebisgan, romleb-

sac testur davalebebs an testur kiTxvebs uwodeben. magram testi

ar aris testuri davalebebis (kiTxvebis) ubralo nakrebi, igi mec-

nieruli meTodologiis safuZvelze garkveuli wesebiT Sedgenili

instrumentia, sadac TiToeul testur davalebas an davalebaTa

jgufs Tavisi gansazRvruli funqcia aqvs. amavdroulad, testSi ga-

moyenebuli yoveli testuri davaleba garkveul kriteriumebs unda


79

akmayofilebdes. amitom testis Sedgena sakmaod rTuli da Sromate-

vadi procesia. am process testuri davalebebis Sedgenas uwodeben.

mecnierebaSi cnobilia testis Sedgenis sxvadasxva teqnika, Tumca yo-

veli maTgani aucileblad moicavs ramdenime mniSvnelovan etaps. ese-

nia: testis miznis da amocanis gansazRvra, Sesafasebeli codnis da

unarebis gansazRvra, testis specifikaciis Sedgena, testSi testuri

davalebebis tipebis balansis dadgena, testuri davalebebis Sedgena,

testuri davalebebis empiriuli gamocda da testis konstruireba.

TiToeuli es etapi, Tavis mxriv, moicavs araerT safexurs da swored

amitom, Cveulebriv, testis Seqmnaze specialistTa sakmaod didi jgu-

fi muSaobs, romelic Sedgeba fsiqometrikosebis, sagnobrivi da tes-

turi davalebebis specialistebis, ganviTarebis, kognituri fsiqo-

logiisa da sxv. specialistebisgan.

testis Sedgenisas pirvel rigSi Zalian mkafiod unda iyos gan-

sazRvruli testis saboloo mizani. zustad unda ganisazRvros, Tu

ris garkveva gvsurs moswavlis codnisa da unarebis Sesaxeb. mniSvne-

lovania gvaxsovdes, rom, testirebis mizans ar warmoadgens moswav-

lis `gamoWera~, aramed imis aRnusxva, Tu ra codna da unarebi aqvs

moswavles an ra aiTvisa man swavlis procesSi (testuri davalebebis

Seqmnis xelovneba, 2009 gv. 4).

sazogadod, testirebis miznebi SeiZleba iyos: aTvisebuli

codnis Sefaseba; qveyanaSi, regionSi, raionSi an romelime konkretul

skolaSi arsebuli codnis donis dadgena garkveul sagansa Tu gark-

veul klasSi; swavlasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebis diagnostireba,

enis flobis sertifikatis miniWeba da a.S. rogoric ar unda iyos

testirebis mizani, igi yovelTvis moicavs arsebuli saganmanaTle-

blo sistemis sxvadasxva komponentsa da aspeqtebs da maTs mimarTebas

moswavleTa testirebis SedegebTan. testirebis miznebidan gamomdina-

re unda ganisazRvros, Tu ra codnisa da unarebis Sefaseba gvinda

(am sakiTxebze qvemoT specialurad SevCerdebiT) da mxolod amis

Semdeg xdeba testuri davalebebis (kiTxvebis) Seqmnaze muSaoba.


80

testi Sedgeba testuri davalebebisgan, romlebic swavlis

procesis sxvadasxva komponents, unarebsa da codnas zomavs. testuri

davaleba ar aris ubralod SekiTxva, iseTi, rogoric maswavlebelma

SeiZleba dasvas klasSi gakveTilis msvlelobisas an moswavlis gamo-

kiTxvisas. Tumca testis rveulSi (an bukletSi), romelsac moswavle

avsebs, testuri davaleba kiTxvis saxiT SeiZleba iyos warmodgenili,

magram is unda iyos Zalian mkafiod da araorazrovnad Camoyalibe-

buli da, amavdroulad, winaswar unda arsebobdes am kiTxvis SesaZlo

pasuxebis Sefasebis zusti, sando da obieqturi kriteriumebi. Tu

testuri davalebis SesaZlo pasuxebi da maTi Sefasebis kriteriumebi

ar aris mkafiod gansazRvruli, maSin igi testur davalebad ver

CaiTvleba, radgan araerTgvarovani interpretaciis SesaZleblobas

iZleva sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva Semfaseblis mxridan.

SesaZlebelia, testuri davaleba arc iyos kiTxvis saxiT war-

modgenili da moswavles moeTxovebodes konkretuli amocanis an da-

valebis Sesruleba, romelic testis an testuri davalebis instruq-

ciaSia mocemuli. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom TiToeuli testuri da-

valeba specifikur mizans emsaxureba da, Sesabamisad, damoukideblad

funqcionirebs. kargi testis aucilebeli pirobaa yoveli davalebis

uSecdomod da gamarTulad Camoyalibeba. Tumca es imas ar niSnavs,

rom Tu erTi testuri davaleba xarveziania, mTlianad testis Sedege-

bi eWvqveS unda dadges, radgan saboloo qulasTan mimarTebiT, TiTo-

euli testuri davaleba damoukidebelia.

maswavleblebi xSirad svamen xolme kiTxvas: romeli testia

ukeTesi da aris Tu ara romelime konkretuli testi saukeTeso. pa-

suxi martivia: idealuri testi, romelic yvela miznisTvis iqneba va-

liduri da sando (da, Sesabamisad, mogvcems obieqtur da zust Sede-

gebs) ar arsebobs, radgan erTi testi SeiZleba iyos sruliad adekva-

turi erTi garkveuli miznisTvis da sruliad aravaliduri sxva

SemTxvevaSi. swored amitom, rogorc zemoT iTqva, sanam testis kons-

truireba daiwyeba, naTlad unda iyos gansazRvruli, Tu ra mizne-


81

bisTvis iqmneba testi. SeiZleba CamovTvaloT sruliad sxvadasxva mi-

zani, romelsac SeiZleba emsaxurebodes enis testi. mag.:

gazomo da Seafaso enobrivi daxelovneba im kursebTan mimar-

TebiT, romlis aRebac (SemdgomSi swavlac) mouwevs moswavles.

Seafaso, rogoria moswavleTa warmateba kursis daZlevaSi;

gansazRvro moswavleTa susti da Zlieri mxareebi;

gansazRvro enis flobis is safexuri an programis is etapi,

romelic yvelaze metad ergeba moswavlis SesaZleblobebs da

sxv (hagersi, 1992, gv. 7).

mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom yoveli situacia, romelSic xdeba

testireba, misi miznebidan da amocanebidan gamomdinare, garkveulwi-

lad unikaluria. amitom yoveli axali situaciisTvis saWiroa Sesaty-

visi da am situaciaze morgebuli sazomi instrumentis - testis Sed-

gena.


82

1. testebis kategoriebi

Cven xSirad gvsmenia moswavleebisgan, rom maT CautardaT testi

da umaRlesi qula miiRes an piriqiT, Zalian dabali qula miiRes.

SegviZlia Tu ara am informaciaze dayrdnobiT vimsjeloT am mos-

wavleebis enis flobis doneze? cxadia ara, radgan Cven mxolod is

viciT, rom garkveul klasSi moswavleTa erTi nawili ukeT flobs

enas (an, ufro sworad, ukeT flobs im masalas, romelic testSi iyo

gamoyenebuli), vidre - meore nawili. magram Cven ar viciT, Tu ra icis

an ra unarebi aqvs testSi saukeTeso, saSualo an dabali qulis

mflobels. amgvarad, am informaciaze dayrdnobiT Cven mxolod imaze

SegviZlia vimsjeloT, Tu romeli moswavle romels sjobs am klasSi

enis flobis TvalsazrisiT, magram verafers vityviT maTi enis flo-

bis doneze.

testirebis Sedegad TiToeuli moswavle garkveul qulas iRebs.

es qulebi TavisTavad aranairi informaciis matarebeli ar aris. isi-

ni azrs iZenen mxolod maSin, roca xdeba maTi analizi. kerZod ki _

maTi interpretacia (Sefaseba) sxva moswavleebis mier miRebul qu-

lebTan mimarTebiT, an codnis an unarebis raime dadgenil standart-

Tan mimarTebiT. testis Sedegebis interpretaciis pirveli midgomis

mixedviT, moswavlis mier testSi miRebuli qulis Sedareba xdeba im

moswavleTa qulebTan, visac igive testi Cautarda, xolo meore mid-

gomis mixedviT _ enis flobis garkveul standartTan an daxelovne-

bis dadgenil fiqsirebul donesTan. pirvel midgomas normaze orien-

tirebul Sedarebas uwodeben, radgan testis qulebis interpretacia

xdeba garkveuli jgufis monacemebTan mimarTebiT da moswavlis qula

mniSvnelobas iZens imisda mixedviT, Tu rogoria igi sxva moswavle-

ebTan SedarebiT. meore midgomas kriteriumze orientirebuli Seda-

reba hqvia, radgan moswavlis testuri qula ganixileba enis flobis


83

donis standartTan mimarTebiT da dgindeba, ramdenad aRwevs igi am

standarts (vulfolki, 2007, gv. 521).

rogorc zemoT iTqva (ix. zemoT, gv. 8), arsebobs normasa da

kriteriumebze orientirebuli Sefaseba; Sesabamisad, testirebis dro-

sac, Sefasebis testis qulebis interpretaciis ori ZiriTadi midgoma

ganixileba _ normaze orientirebuli da kriteriumze orientirebuli.

normasTan Sedarebaze dafuZnebuli testebi: normaze orienti-

rebul testirebaSi konkretuli individis maCveneblis mniSvneloba

ganisazRvreba normasTan - konkretuli jgufisTvis testis Sesrule-

bis tipur donesTan, mimarTebiT. am dros xdeba testirebaSi monawile

moswavlis swori pasuxebis raodenobis (misi qulis) Sedareba testi-

rebaSi monawile jgufis saSualo qulasTan, dgindeba misi qula

jgufis saSualo qulaze maRalia, dabali, Tu Tanabaria da am gziT

ganisazRvreba moswavlis miRwevis done.

arsebobs normaluri jgufebis (Sesadarebeli jgufebi) sami Zi-

riTadi tipi: klasi an skola, raioni da zogadad nacionaluri mo-

deli (vulfolki 2007, gv. 523). roca testireba klasSi mimdinareobs

da masSi yvela moswavle monawileobs, maSin normatiuli jgufi kla-

sia. magram roca testireba raionis an mTeli qveynis masStabiT mimdi-

nareobs, am SemTxvevaSi yvela moswavle ki ar monawileobs gamokvle-

vaSi, aramed maTi garkveuli nawili. moswavleTa SerCevis gakeTeba

xorcieldeba specialuri mecnieruli meTodologiis safuZvelze,

romelzec aq ar SevCerdebiT, Tumca aRvniSnavT: mniSvnelovania, rom,

garda moswavleTa sakmarisi raodenobisa, SerCeva moicavdes yvela im

socialuri fenisa Tu eTnikurobis adamians, romelic am raionsa Tu

qveyanaSi cxovrobs. aseve mniSvnelovania, rom normatiuli jgufi ar

iyos dakompleqtebuli mxolod e.w. “Zlieri” an “susti” moswavleebiT

(slavini, 2006, gv. 506).

normaze orientirebul testebi gansakuTrebiT gamosadegia iseT

SemTxvevebSi, roca xdeba saukeTeso moswavleTa seleqcia garkveul


84

programaSi CasarTvelad (mag., klasSi saukeTesoTa gamovlena dajil-

doebis mizniT, an garkveul saswavlebelSi Casaricxad) an swavlebis

sxvadasxva meTodis Sedegad, moswavleTa miRwevis Sesafaseblad.

Tumca, roca normaze orientirebul testirebas viyenebT, unda gvax-

sovdes, rom moswavlis Sedegi interpretirebulia normatiul jguf-

Tan mimarTebiT da, aqedan gamomdinare, misi qula (adgili Sefasebis

skalaze) damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogoria normatiuli jgufis sa-

erTo done. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, moswavle SeiZleba iyos saukeTeso

e. w. “sust” klasSi, magram igive moswavle SeiZleba Zalian “susti”

aRmoCndes e. w. “Zlier” klasSi. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom nor-

maze orientirebuli testebiT Cven SegviZlia davadginoT, ramdenad

ufro meti (an maRali) kompetencia aqvs moswavles enaSi sxvebTan mi-

marTebiT, magram Znelia imis dadgena, Tu ra icis man da ra SeuZlia.

magaliTad, imis codna, rom mosmenis unarebis Semmowmebel testSi

moswavle yvelaze warmatebulTa sam procentSia, ar niSnavs imas, rom

mas ar uWirs es ukanaskneli, radgan klasSi yvela moswavles SeiZle-

ba uWirdes mosmenilis gageba.

am xarvezis dasaZlevad, Cveulebriv, normaze orientirebuli

testebis momzadeba moswavleTa mier gavlili saswavlo programis

gaTvaliswinebiT xdeba (hagersi (1992, gv. 17). amitom mniSvnelovania,

rom testis Sedgenisas gaviTvaliswinoT, rom saswavlo programaSi

Setanili Temebis balansi emTxveodes maT balanss Seqmnil testSi.

kriteriumTan Sedarebaze dafuZnebuli testebi: kriteriumze

orientirebuli testebis mizania, moaxdinos moswavleTa klasifikacia

imis mixedviT SeuZliaT Tu ara maT garkveul amocanaTa an amocanaTa

simravlis damakmayofileblad gadawyveta. sxva gansazRvrebiT, kri-

teriumze orientirebuli testirebis dros moswavlis Sedegis Seda-

reba xdeba profesionalebis mier dadgenil garkveul kriteriumTan

an standartebTan (hagersi, 1992, gv. 19). kriteriumze orientirebuli

testirebis mizani ar aris moswavlis qulebis Sedareba klasis, sko-


85

lis, raionis an Tundac qveynis masStabiT. misi mizania imis garkveva,

Tu ramdenad aRwevis misi codnisa da unarebis done garkveul dawe-

sebul zRvars. am zRvars xSirad minimalur standartsac uwodeben.

amgvarad, SesaZlebelia romelime moswavle iyos klasSi saukeTeso

qarTulis, rogorc meore enis testis mixedviT, magram misi kompeten-

ciac ar iyos sakmarisi imisTvis, rom man Tavi gaarTvas umaRles sas-

wavlebelSi qarTul enaze swavlas. amitom kriteriumze orientire-

buli testebis gamoyeneba marTebulia maSin, roca konkretuli mos-

wavlis (enis Semswavlelis) garkveuli codnisa da unarebis gazomva

gvinda, mag., kiTxvis unaris gazomva.

kriteriumze orientirebuli testis minimaluri zRvari SesaZ-

lebelia iyos testur davalebaTa 80%-is an metis sworad gadawyveta.

aseT SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar aqvs, moswavlem testur davalebaTa

60% gaakeTa sworad Tu 70%, radgan orive SemTxvevaSi man ver daa-

grova gamsvleli qula, anu ver gadalaxa codnisa da unarebis is mi-

nimaluri zRvari, romelic testSi mocemul testur davalebaTa mini-

mum 80%-is sworad gakeTebiT iyo SemosazRvruli. kriteriumze

orientirebuli testebis saukeTeso magaliTia enis flobis saserti-

fikacio testebi, radgan enis flobis garkveuli donis sertifikats

aZleven ara imaSi, rom enis Semswavleli testirebaSi monawile

jgufSi mag., saukeTesoTa 3%-Sia an Tundac yvelaze kargi qula aqvs,

aramed imaSi, rom misi enobrivi kompetenciis done akmayofilebs

garkveul winaswar dadgenil standarts. amitom sruliad mosalod-

nelia, rom sasertifikacio testSi erT romelime jgufSi veravin ver

miiRos sertifikati, Tumca maTi enis flobis done erTmaneTisgan

gansxvavebuli iyos.

normaze da kriteriumze orientirebuli testirebas, iseve, ro-

gorc normasa da kriteriumze orientirebul Sedarebas Soris gansx-

vavebis arcodnam SeiZleba SecdomaSi Seiyvanos, rogorc maswavlebe-

li, aseve moswavlec da mSobelic. SesaZlebelia. maswavlebeli eub-

nebodes mSobels, rom misi Svili saukeTesoa klasSi da amitom igi


86

darwmunebuli iyos, rom bavSvma kargad icis qarTuli ena. magram ro-

gorc zemoT davrwmundiT, mxolod jgufSi saukeTesos adgili ar

aris sakmarisi misi codnisa da unarebis Sesaxeb daskvnis gamosata-

nad. am SemTxvevaSi mSoblisTvis ufro mniSvnelovania imis codna Tu

ra icis da ra ara anu konkretulad ra unarebi an flobis ra done

aqvs mis Svils enaSi (vulfolki, 2007, gv. 524).

bunebrivad ismis kiTxva, romeli Sedarebaa ukeTesi, kriterium-

ze orientirebuli Tu normaze? am kiTxvaze ar arsebobs erTmniSvne-

lovani pasuxi, radgan orive tipis testireba mniSvnelovania, gaaCnia,

ra aris testirebis mizani. saswavlo procesis saboloo miznebidan

gamomdinare, kriteriumze orientirebuli testireba Zalze mniSvne-

lovania, magram isic cxadia, rom klasis, skolis, raionis an Tundac

qveynis masStabiT saswavlo procesis da, saerTod, ganaTlebis poli-

tikis dasagegmad metad mniSvnelovania vicodeT, rogoria Cveni Sede-

gebi sxvebTan mimarTebiT.

obieqturi testi: testebis daxasiaTebisas termini "obieqturi"

xSirad gamoiyeneba. Cveulebriv, am termins xmaroben imis aRsaniSnad,

rom testis Sefaseba ar aris damokidebuli Semfaseblis subieqturo-

baze, mis ganwyobebze, gemovnebaze an Tundac Sinagan standartebze. am

TvalsazrisiT obieqturi testis saukeTeso magaliTia arCeviTpa-

suxiani testuri davalebebis Semcveli testebi, sadac moswavlis

mier testSi miRebuli qula sruliad ar aris damokidebuli Semfase-

blis kriteriumze an mis xedvaze. amas uzrunvelyofs testuri dava-

lebebis winaswar gansazRvruli swori pasuxebi anu gasaRebebi (ege-

ni, koCaki, 2006, gv. 528). am TvalsazrisiT, e.w. Ria testuri davalebebi,

rogoricaa, mag., gavrcobilpasuxiani testuri davaleba an ese gaci-

lebiT ufro subieqturia, Tumca, am SemTxvevaSic testis Semqmnelebi

winaswar adgenen testuri davalebis Sefasebis kriteriumebs anu ru-

brikas, romelsac unda daeyrdnos Semfasebeli testis gasworebisas.


87

obieqturobis gasazrdelad, aseT testur davalebebs ramdenime Sem-

fasebeli asworebs.

Tumca termini obieqturi testi xSirad dakavSirebulia mis

aratendenciurobasa da aradiskriminaciulobasTanac da es sakiTxebi

qvemoT ufro detalurad iqneba ganxiluli (ena, testireba, Sefaseba...,

2008, gv. 211; bekeri 2008).

standartizebuli testebi: termini `standartizebuli~ ingli-

suri sityvidan "standart" momdinareobs da standartuls, tipurs niS-

navs. testis SemTxvevaSi igi gamoiyeneba testis unificirebis, misi

Catarebisa da Sefasebis erTgvarovani normativebis aRsaniSnad. ufro

zustad, standartizebuli testi - es aris testi, romelic Sedgeni-

lia standartuli procedurebis dacviT, misi Catareba xdeba erTsa

da imave pirobebSi, instruqtaJi da monacemTa Segrovebis blankebi

standartulia da Sefasebis / Sedegebis interpretirebis sistema uni-

ficirebulia (burlaCuki, 2008, gv. 426). standartizebuli testebis

kargi magaliTia testebi, romelTac saxelmwifo iyenebs umaRles sas-

wavlebelSi misaReb saerTo erovnul gamocdebze an erovnuli Sefa-

sebis dros moswavleTa akademiuri moswrebis donis dasadgenad.

Tumca, termins "standartizacia" sxva mniSvnelobiTac iyeneben.

testSi miRebul qulaTa raodenobrivi maCveneblebi gadaiyvaneba

skalaze, romelic gviCvenebs mocemuli qulis adgils sxva monawi-

leebis mier miRebul qulaTa Soris. aseT maCveneblebs standartul

qulebs uwodeben. swored aseTi qulebis saSualebiT SegviZlia ganv-

sazRvroT monawilis mier testSi miRebuli qulis namdvili mniSvne-

loba an gavakeToT daskvna imis Taobaze, ramdenad maRalia es qula

sxvebTan SedarebiT (anastazi, urbina, 2007, gv. 71; egeni, koCaki, 2006,

gv. 522).

daxelovnebis testebi: daxelovnebis testebis mizania, gazomos

moswavleTa unarebi enaSi miuxedavad imisa, Tu ra kursebi an momza-

deba gaiara man am enaSi. Sesabamisad, daxelovnebis testebis Sinaarsi


88

ar aris dafuZnebuli enis romelime konkretuli kursis Sinaarsze an

amocanebze. igi dafuZnebulia im unarebsa da codnaze, romelsac igi

unda flobdes imisTvis, rom CaiTvalos enaSi daxelovnebulad. ra

Tqma unda, es ukanaskneli aucileblad moicavs imis ganmartebas, Tu

ras vuwodebT Cven daxelovnebuls. Cveulebriv, daxelovnebuls gan-

sazRvraven garkveul mizanTan mimarTebiT, anu, sxvagvarad rom

vTqvaT, es niSnavs imas, rom moswavles aqvs garkveuli miznisTvis

sakmarisi enobrivi codna da unarebi.

mag., daxelovnebis testis mizani SeiZleba iyos gavarkvioT,

ramdenad SeuZlia moswavles an enaze umaRles saswavlebelSi swav-

lis gagrZeleba, an kidev _ ramdenad SeZlebs igi raime profesiuli

kursis aTvisebas am enaze (swored am tipis testireba tardeba gana-

Tlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier 2010 wlidan warmoebuli

`saSeRavaTo plitikis~ farglebSi, romelic araqarTulenovan stu-

dentebs qarTuli enis Semswavlel 1-wlian kursebs sTavazobs). amave

tipis testebiT xdeba imis garkveva, Tu ramdenad SeZlebs igi mag.,

Tarjimnad muSaobas romelime specifikur sferoSi.

Tumca, arsebobs daxelovnebis testebi, romelTac ufro zogadi

xasiaTi aqvT da ar gulisxmoben raime samuSaosaTvis an swavlis ga-

sagrZeleblad sakmarisi enis codnaSi daxelovnebas. unda iTqvas,

rom daxelovnebis swored aseTi testebi gamoiyeneba yvelaze xSirad

dRevandel msoflioSi. aseTi testebis mizania gamoavlinon, Tu ram-

denad aRwevs moswavle garkveuli enis flobis standartebs. aseTia,

mag, enis flobis evropuli doneebis standartebi. am tipis testebi

ar aris gaTvlili romelime konkretul profesiaze da am Tvalsaz-

risiT, isini ufro zogadia.

daxelovnebis testebi, miznidan gamomdinare gansxvavdebian

sirTuliT da SinaarsiT, Tumca yvela maTganisTvis saerToa is, rom

isini efuZnebian garkveul enobriv standartebs da ara raime konkre-

tul kursebs, romelic moswavlem gaiara. amdenad, daxelovnebis

testebi kriteriumze orientirebuli testebia (hagersi, 1992, gv. 9).


89

miRwevis testebi: daxelovnebis testebisgan gansxvavebiT, miRwe-

vis testebi pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli enis kursebTan, radgan maTi

mizania Seafasos, Tu ramdenad warmatebuli iyo kursi, anu ramdenad

miaRwia moswavlem an moswavleTa jgufma kursiT gansazRvrul miz-

nebs. miRwevis testebi ori tipisaa. esaa saboloo miRwevis da pro-

gresis miRwevis testebi. saboloo miRwevis testebi kursis dasrule-

bis Semdeg tardeba da maTi mizania imis dadgena, Tu ramdenad aris

miRweuli enis kursis konkretuli miznebi da amocanebi. testis Sina-

arsi srulad aris dafuZnebuli konkretul silabusze, gamoyenebul

saxelmZRvanelosa da Sinaarsze, romlis swavlebasac kursi isaxavda

miznad. aseT testebs da maT safuZvelze miRebul informacias mos-

wavlis mier enis flobis Sesaxeb xSirad iyeneben saskolo praqtika-

Si. Tumca aseTi testebis gamoyenebisas unda gvaxsovdes, moswavlis

Sefaseba dakavSirebulia konkretul kursTan, swavlebis meTodTan da

gamoyenebul saxelmZRvaneloebTan. amdenad, Tu kursi cudad aris da-

gegmili an saxelmZRvaneloebi ar aris sworad SerCeuli, miuxedavad

maRali qulisa, romelic SeiZleba moswavlem miiRos am testSi, misi

enis flobis done sakmaod dabali iyos. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, pro-

blemuria moswavlis qulis mixedviT misi enis flobis doneze msje-

loba (hagersi, 1992, gv. 11; slavini, 2006, gv. 496).

progresis miRwevis testebis mizania, gazomos kursis msvlelo-

bisas moswavlis mier miRweuli progresi. cxadia, igi kursis amoca-

nebTan mimarTebiT izomeba. erTi gzaa enobrivi kompetenciebis sabo-

loo donis testis periodulad gameoreba kursis ganmavlobaSi da

progresis Sefaseba gazrdili qulis safuZvelze. mag., Tu kursis mi-

zania wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarsis gageba, eqspliciturad da impli-

citurad mocemuli informaciis amoReba, dedaazris gageba, mTavari

personaJis an adresatis amocnoba da a.S., SesaZlebelia am unarebis

Sefasebaze mimarTuli testebis Sedgena da moswavleTaTvis perio-

dulad Catareba. magram am SemTxvevaSi testebis Sedegebs ukuefeqti


90

SeiZleba hqondeT da isini SesaZloa ara mxolod moswavleTa, aramed

maswavleblis stresis wyarod iqces. amitom progresis gasazomad,

Cveulebriv, iyeneben progresis miRwevis iseT testebs, romlebic da-

fuZnebulia kursis Sualedur miznebsa da amocanebze. aseTi testebis

Sesadgenad ki, cxadia, rom kursis Sualeduri miznebi da amocanebi

mkafiod unda iyos gawerili da gacnobierebuli maswavleblis mier.

mniSvnelovania im individualuri gzis gaTvaliswinebac, romelsac

maswavlebeli gadis kursis saboloo miznis misaRwevad.

diagnostikuri testebi: diagnostikuri testebi gamoiyeneba imis

gasarkvevad, Tu ra icis da ra ara moswavlem, ra uWirs mas da ra

aqvs kargad aTvisebuli; romelia misi susti da Zlieri mxareebi. misi

Sedegebi pirdapir miuTiTeben maswavlebels, Tu ra unda aswavlos

moswavles momavalSi. magaliTad, aseTi testis saSualebiT Cven Seg-

viZlia davadginoT, rom moswavles kargad aqvs ganviTarebuli kiTx-

vis kompetencia, magram mis sust mxares warmoadgens mosmenilis gage-

ba. cxadia, testma ufro specifikuri informaciac SeiZleba mogvces,

kerZod ki is, Tu konkretulad ra tipis informaciis mosmena uWirs

mas, an ra tipis problemebi aqvs weraSi, aris es problemebi orTo-

grafiasTan dakavSirebuli, Tu - gramatikasTan. Tumca am tipis tes-

tebis gamoyenebisasac mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom erTi Secdoma

an erTi swori pasuxi ar aris sakmarisi daskvnis gamosatanad, radgan

is SeiZleba SemTxveviTobis Sedegi iyos. amitom moswavlis susti an

Zlieri mxareebis dasadgenad mniSvnelovania, rom enis flobis Sesa-

fasebeli kompetencia an misi romelime aspeqti sakmarisad iyos war-

modgenili testSi testuri davalebebis saxiT. es ki xSirad droisa

da administrirebis problemebTan aris dakavSirebuli (hagersi, 1992,

gv. 13; egeni, koCaki, 2006, gv. 513).

adgilis testebi. es is testebia romelic gamoiyeneba imisTvis,

rom Sefasdes, Tu romeli saswavlo programa (an romeli donis sas-


91

wavlo programa) Seesabameba konkretul moswavles misi enobrivi kom-

petenciebis mixedviT. Sesabamisad, adgilis testebi dgeba konkretuli

programebis gaTvaliswinebiT da isini morgebulia programaSi arse-

buli kursebis doneebsa Tu safexurebze (hagersi, 1992, gv. 14; egeni,

koCaki, 2006, gv. 514).


92

2. testis ZiriTadi ganzomilebebi

testis ZiriTadi ganzomilebebia:

validoba

sandooba

samarTlianoba/aratendenciuroba

mokled ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani.

a. validoba

testi validuria, Tu is zustad imas afasebs, risTvisac is

aris gansazRvruli. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, es aris sakvlevi instru-

mentis - testis Sesatyvisoba sakvlev unarTan / codnasTan. Teori-

ulad testis am maxasiaTeblis gageba Zalian martivia, Tumca, praqti-

kulad, testis Sedgenisas da Semdgom, administrirebisas, sakmaod

didi Zalisxmeva da sifrTxilea saWiro imisaTvis, rom ar dairRves

testis validoba.

testis TeoriaSi gamoyofen validobis ramdenime saxes (burla-

Cuki, 2008, gv. 50; anastazi, urbina, 2007, gv. 133), romelTaganac testis

Sedgenisas erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovania Sinaarsobrivi validoba.

amboben, rom tests aqvs Sinaarsobrivi validoba, Tu is moicavs

Sesafaseblad gamiznuli enobrivi unarebis, struqturebis da a. S.

Sesatyvis da, amavdroulad, sakmaris erTobliobas. mag., gramatikis

testi unda Sedgebodes testuri kiTxvebisgan, romlebic zomaven gra-

matikuli struqturebis kontrolis codnas, magram es ar aris sakma-

risi am testis Sinaarsobrivi validurobisTvis. am mizniT Seqmnili

testi validuri iqneba, Tu is Seicavs yvela im struqturasa da un-

ars, romelic aucilebelia da sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom daskvnebi ga-

vakeToT moswavlis mier gramatikis codnis Sesaxeb. cxadia, aq gaT-

valiswinebuli unda iyos gramatikis codnis is donec, romelic Se-


93

safasebel subieqts (moswavles) moeTxoveba. mag., Tu erTi testis mi-

zania A doneze enobrivi kompetenciebis Sefaseba, xolo meorisa _ B

doneze, cxadia, imisTvis, rom Sefasebis adekvaturi Sedegebi mivi-

RoT, es testebi testuri kiTxvebis sxvadasxva erTobliobas unda

moicavdes.

amgvarad, is, Tu ramdenad Sesabamisi da sakmarisia testSi gamoye-

nebuli testuri kiTxvebi, damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra mizans emsax-

ureba testi.

ratom aris mniSvnelovani testis Sinaarsobrivi validoba?

rac ufro didia testis Sinaarsobrivi validoba, igi miT ufro

kargi sazomi instrumentia gamiznuli unarebisa Tu codnis Sesafa-

seblad.

testis Sinaarsobrivi validobis misaRwevad saWiroa winaswar

aRiweros is unarebi da codna, romelsac testi unda moicavdes. Se-

safaseblad gansazRvruli codnisa da unarebis aseT aRweras testis

specifikacias (testuri..., 2009, gv. 8) uwodeben. testis specifikaciis

safuZvelze xdeba konkretuli testuri kiTxvebis Seqmna, agreTve, im-

is gansazRvra, Tu ramdenad adekvaturi da sakmarisia gansazRvruli

codnisa da unarebis Sefaseba Seqmnili testuri kiTxvebis safuZ-

velze. amgvarad, kargad Sedgenili testis specifikacia testis

Semdgenlebs saSualebas aZlevs, Seqmnan Sinaarsobrivad validuri

testi. amavdroulad, testis Sinaarsobrivi validobis dasaxvewad

xSirad iyeneben e.w. eqspertul Sefasebebs, roca damoukidebeli eqs-

pertebi afaseben testuri kiTxvebis Sesabamisobas testis specifika-

ciasaTan.

aRsaniSnavia, rom testis specifikaciis Camoyalibeba xdeba

testis konstruirebis adreul etapze, mas Semdeg, rac ganisazRvreba,

Tu ra aris testis mizani da konkretulad ris Sefaseba gvinda am

testiT.

testis validurobis sxvagvari midgomaa misi kriterialuri vali-

dobis Sefaseba. es ukanaskneli fasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad


94

Seesabameba testis Sedegebi moswavlis Sesafasebeli unaris sazom

sxva damoukidebeli instrumentis Sedegebs. kriterialuri validobis

erT-erT saxeobas warmoadgens prediqtoruli validoba, romelic

fasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad SesaZlebelia testis Sedegebis

mixedviT vivaraudoT (viwinaswarmetyveloT) moswavlis momavali war-

matebebi. mag., Tu enis flobis testSi miRebuli maRali qula maRal

korelaciaSia momavalSi umaRles saswavlebelSi qarTuli enis test-

Si miRebul qulasTan, maSin SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom enis flobis

Sesafasebel tests maRali prediqtoruli validoba aqvs.

testis validurobis erT-erTi formaa TvalsaCino validoba

(hagersi, 1992, gv. 22). Cveulebriv, validobis am formas testis Sesafa-

seblad maSin iyeneben, roca aSkaraa, TvalsaCinoa testis aravalidu-

roba. magaliTad, Tu Cven gvinda meore enaSi fonologiuri unarebis

(gamoTqmis) Sefaseba testis saSualebiT, xolo testi ar moicavs

testur davalebebs, romelSic moswavles laparaki moeTxoveba, maSin

aSkaraa, rom testi aravaliduri iqneba. amgvarad, vityviT, rom aseT

tests ar aqvs TvalsaCino validoba. aRsaniSnavia, rom ramdenadac

martivad ar unda mogveCvenos TvalsaCino validobis cneba, xSiria

testirebis dros misi darRvevis SesaZlebloba, gansakuTrebiT ki ma-

Sin, roca testirebis obieqtis arapirdapiri Sefaseba xdeba.

amgvarad, validoba aris testis maxasiaTebeli, romelic Aad-

gens, zomavs Tu ara testuri kiTxva (davaleba) im unars, ris

gasazomadac aris gankuTvnili.

testis da misi Semadgeneli testuri kiTxvebis (davalebebis) va-

lidobis Sesafaseblad SegviZlia gamoviyenoT Semdegi sqema (bekeri,

2008):

Seesabameba SerCeul unars;

kiTxvaze swori pasuxis miReba SesaZlebelia swored am

unaris amoqmedebiT da ara trivialuri pasuxis gacemiT an

gamocnobiT, rodesac, ubralod, saRi azris gaTvaliswineba

xdeba;


95

gamarTulia mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT, ar Seicavs Secdomas;

daxuruli kiTxvis alternatiuli pasuxebi warmoadgenen

realur alternativebs, ar aris absurduli, moswavlem

marTla SeiZleba aseTi Secdoma dauSvas;

SesaZlebelia Sedegis da misi miRwevis TiToeuli donis

testuri davalebebis/kiTxvebis meSveobiT Sefaseba;

kargad zomavs mocemuli Sedegis miRwevis dones testuri

davalebebis kiTxvebi;

reprezentatulia davalebebis erToblioba, romliTac unda-

moxdes mocemuli Sedegis gazomva.

testis Seqmnis procesSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces

davalebebis reprezentatulobas testis mizanTan da, Sesabamisad,

testis specifikaciasTan mimarTebiT. amasTan, reprezentatuloba unda

ganvixiloT ramdenime TvalsazrisiT. cxadia, testi pirvel rigSi re-

prezentatuli unda iyos sagnobrivi TvalsazrisiT, rac imas niSnavs,

rom testSi gamoyenebuli testuri kiTxvebi da davalebebi swored im

sagnidan unda iyos, romlis Sesafasebladac Seiqmna testi. Teori-

ulad am pirobis dacva TiTqos advilia, magram praqtikaSi xSiria

SemTxvevebi, roca testur davalebaze pasuxis gacema sxva sagnis

codnazea dafuZnebuli. magaliTad, testSi SesaZlebelia iyos gamoye-

nebuli magaliTi, romelic gulisxmobs moswavlis mier geografiis

codnas da mxolod am codnaze dayrdnobiTaa SesaZlebeli swori pa-

suxis gacema. swori pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, Cven gveqneba informacia, rom

moswavlem geografiis es konkretuli sakiTxic icis da qarTul enaze

gagebis unaric aqvs, magram araswori pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, Cven ver ga-

varkvevT, ratom miiRo moswavlem nuli qula, imitom, rom geografiis

es konkretuli Tema ar icoda, Tu misi enobrivi kompetencia aris da-

bali? mniSvnelovania, agreTve, rom testi srulad moicavdes yvela im

unaris, codnisa da Rirebulebebis Sesafasebel testur davalebebs,

romlebic testis mizniT gansazRvrul da testis specifikaciaSi


96

dazustebul saswavlo Sedegs/indikators Seadgenen. iseTi testuri

davalebebis nimuSi, sadac darRveulia testis SinaarsTan maTi re-

prezentatuloba, moyvanilia qvemoT.

nimuSi:

testis mizania, Seafasos moswavlis kiTxvis unari. am unaris Sesafa-

seblad gamoyofilia Semdegi indikatorebi:

moswavles SeuZlia

1. moiZios da amoicnos konkretuli informacia teqstidan;

2. mTliani Sinaarsis gageba;

3. teqstis analizi;

4. teqstis Sefaseba - sakuTari argumentirebuli azris ga-

moxatva.

gamoyenebuli teqstebi:

kedlis warwerebi

saSinlad gabrazebuli var imis gamo, rom skolis kedeli ukve

meoTxed gawmindes da SeRebes, kedlis warwerebi rom moeSorebinaT.

ra Tqma unda, SemoqmedebiToba dasafasebelia, magram adamianebma

sakuTari Tavis gamosaxatavad sxva gza unda moZebnon da es

sazogadoebis xarjze ar unda xdebodes.

ratom akeTebT kedlis warwerebs iq, sadac es akrZalulia da

ulaxavT reputacias axalgazrdebs? profesionali mxatvrebi TavianT

naxatebs quCebSi ar fenen, xom marTalia?! Tumca isini mainc axerxeben

popularobis moxveWas kanonieri gamofenebis mowyobiT.

Cemi azriT Senobebi, Robeebi, parkis skamebi TavisTavad

xelovnebis nimuSebi arian. amitom yovlad miuRebelia arqiteqturis

am nimuSebis kedlis warwerebiT gafuWeba. garda amisa ziandeba

ozonis Srec. me namdvilad ar mesmis ratom iwuxeben Tavses

kriminali mxatvrebi da TavianT `Semoqmedebas~ xelaxla xataven

gasufTavebul kedlebze.

elene


97

gemovnebaze ar davoben

sazogadoebas mravlad miewodeba sxvadasxva sferos reklamebi,

kompaniis logoebi, quCebi savsea uzarmazari banerebiT da

posterebiT. ramdenad misaRebia isini?! umeteswilad misaRebia.

ramdenad misaRebia kedlis warwerebi? zogierTis azriT misaRebia,

zogierTis azriT ki ara.

vin ixdis fass kedlis warwerebSi? sabolood vin ixdis fass

reklamebSi? sworia: momxmarebeli.

rodesac bilbordebs kidebdnen quCebSi gkiTxaT vinmem azri? -

ara. aqedan gamomdinare unda gTxovon Tu ara kedlis warwerebis

avtorebma nebarTva? bolosdabolos es xom komunikaciis sakiTxia-

sakuTari saxelebis, sxvadasxva metsaxelebis da didi zomis naxatebis

quCaSi gamofena.

gaixseneT kubokruli da naxazebiani tansacmeli, romelic

ramdenime wlis win gamoCnda maRaziebSi. gaxsovT saTxilamuro

tansacmeli?! ferebi da naxatebi zusti asli iyo betonis kedlebze

gakeTebuli warwerebisa da naxatebis. gasaocaria, rom es ferebi da

naxatebi misaRebi da mosawonia, magram imave stilis kedlis

warwerebi miuRebelia. cudi dro daudga xelovnebas!

sofo

davalebebi:

isaubreT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras Seexeba werili (misi

Sinaarsi);

-----------------------------------------------------

rogor aris werili dawerili (rogoria misi stili)?

------------------------------------------------------------------

miuxedavad imisa, romels eTanxmebi, Seni azriT, romeli

werilia ukeTesad dawerili? axseni Seni pasuxi da

amisaTvis gamoiyene werilebis magaliTebi.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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nimuSSi warmodgenilia ori teqsti da TandarTuli sami

testuri davaleba. isini sruliad relevanturia testis mizanTan,


98

magram SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac Cans, rom mxolod am testur

davalebebze dayrdnobiT ver moxdeba testirebis miznis miRweva, anu

zemoT CamoTvlili indikatorebis mixedviT, monawilis/moswavlis

Sefaseba. imisTvis, rom am indikatorebis mixedviT moswavlis Sefaseba

ganxorcieldes, saWiroa damatebiTi testuri davalebebis Sedgena,

romlebic pasuxs gascemen kiTxvebs, Tu rogor arTmevs Tavs moswavle

teqstidan informaciis moZiebas, misi mTliani Sinaarsis gagebas, vin

aris teqstis avtori, adresati, ra argumentebi aqvs avtors moyvanili

sakuTari poziciis sabuTad da sxv.

es nimuSi sainteresoa imiTac, rom masSi darRveulia

testirebis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani wesi - maqsimalurad iqnes

gamoyenebuli teqsti, anu maqsimalurad daitvirTos igi testuri

davalebebiT. am SemTxvevaSi teqsti iZleva saSualebas, Sefasdes

yvela is indikatori, romlis safuZvelzec unda Sefasdes moswavlis

kiTxvis unari. sinamdvileSi ki teqstis SesaZleblobebis mxolod

Zalian mcire nawilia gamoyenebuli.

amavdroulad, testi unda moicavdes codnisa da unarebis

taqsonomiis yvela donis Sesafasebel testur davalebebs. cxadia,

saswavlo da testirebis miznidan gamomdinare, testis Semqmnelma

SesaZlebelia taqsonomiis mxolod dabal doneze gaakeTos aqcenti

da naklebad gamoiyenos maRali donis kognituri operaciebis

Sesafasebeli testuri davalebebi, magram mniSvnelovania, rom es

arCevani iyos gacnobierebuli da ara SemTxveviTi (am sakiTxze qvemoT

ufro detalurad visaubrebT).

gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom validoba ar aris testis

Tanmdevi Tviseba, radgan igi mizanzea damokidebuli. erTi miznisTvis

tests SeiZleba Zalian maRali validoba hqondes, xolo sxva

miznisTvis ki igive testi sruliad aravaliduri aRmoCndes.


99

empiriuli validaciis meTodebi

testis validobaze moqmedebs is pirobebi da garemoebebic,

romelSic xdeba testis administrireba (ena, testireba, Sefaseba...,

2008, gv. 177). qvemoT ganxilulia ZiriTadi etapebi, romelsac gadis

nebismieri testi Catarebidan dawyebuli, misi Sedegebis safuZvelze

gadawyvetilebis miRebiT damTavrebuli.

es etapebia:

moswavlis mier testis Sesruleba;

Sefaseba;

miRebuli nedli (pirveladi) qula;

analizi;

miRebuli saboloo qula;

interpretacia;

gamoyeneba / gadawyvetilebis miReba.

testis maxasiaTeblebis/garemoebebis zegavlena

testis Sesrulebaze

testis garkveulma maxasiaTebelma SeiZleba zegavlena

moaxdinos enobrivi unarebis Sefasebis adekvaturobaze.

mniSvnelovania davrwmundeT, rom saboloo qulaze zegavlenas ar

axdens damatebiTi, gasazomi enobrivi kompetenciebis Seusabamo, maT

mimarT ararelevanturi faqtorebi. mag., kompiuteruli testis

SemTxvevaSi _ kompiuteris xmarebis codna da gamocdileba. aseT

SemTxvevaSi, testSi miRebuli qula sinamdvileSi enis codnis dones

ki ar gamoxatavs, aramed igi aris ori cvladis: kompiuteris codnisa

da enis codnis donis urTierTqmedebis Sedegi. aqedan gamomdinare,

cxadi xdeba, rom testis es maxasiaTebeli aravalidurs xdis tests,

radgan testis Sedegze zegavlenas axdens kompiuteris codna/ar


100

codna. Sesabamisad, aseT garemoebaSi Catarebuli testis Sedegma

SeiZleba SecdomaSi Segviyvanos enis codnis donis Sefasebisas.

Sefasebis kriteriumebi / rubrikebis zegavlena

testis validurobaze

Sefasebis kriteriumebma/ rubrikebma, romlebic ar asaxaven

testuri kiTxvis Sesabamis codnas da unarebs, SeiZleba mcdar

qulebamde migviyvanon. es ki, Tavis mxriv, safrTxes uqmnis testis

validobas. amitom testis Sedgenisas erT-erT mniSvnelovan etaps

warmoadgens adekvaturi, obieqturi da standartizebuli Sefasebis

kriteriumebis Camoyalibeba. gansakuTrebiT es exeba e. w. Ria tipis

(sadac moiTxoveba avTenturi pasuxebi) testur kiTxvebs da eseebs.

Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom winaswar iyos gawerili Sefasebis sqemebi

anu rubrikebi da zustad iyos gansazRvruli, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi

iRebs qulas moswavle da ra SemTxvevaSi _ ara. situacia kidev ufro

rTuldeba, roca saqme gvaqvs maRalqulian testur davalebebTan,

magaliTad, rodesac ese fasdeba 10 an 6 quliT. am SemTxvevaSi

Zalian zustad da srulad unda iyos gawerili Sefasebis sqemaSi, Tu

ra pasuxebis SemTxvevaSi iRebs moswavle srul qulas da ra

komponentebisgan Sedgeba igi. qvemoT warmodgenilia eses Sefasebis

nimuSi, romelic aRebulia amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

bakalavriatSi Casabarebeli gamocdis testidan SAT (ix. SAT).

eses Sefasebis kriteriumebi:

6 qula:

am kategoriis ese naTeli da Tanmimdevrulia, Tumca SeiZleba

ramdenime umniSvnelo /patara Secdoma aRmoaCndes. tipuri ese:

efeqturad da SorsmWvretelurad ayalibebs Sexedulebas

Temaze da migviTiTebs mwerlis SesaniSnav kritikul

azrovnebaze, rac gamoixateba mwerlis mier moyvanili


101

aSkarad ararelevanturi magaliTebiT, mizezebiT da sxva

mtkicebulebebiT, sakuTari poziciis dasacavad;

aris kargad organizebuli da fokusirebuli; ese Zalian

gamarTulia da masSi azrTa progresireba aSkara da

naTelia;

gamoirCeva enobrivi saSualebebis ostaturad flobiT; masSi

gamoyenebulia mravalgvari, zusti da saTanado leqsika;

Sedgeba struqturulad mravalgvari azrobrivad gamarTuli

winadadebebisgan;

aris TiTqmis uSecdomo gramatikuli / orTografiuli

TvalsazrisiT.

5 qula

am kategoriis ese zomierad Tanmimdevrulia, Tumca aqvs ramdenime

Secdoma. tipuri ese:

efeqturad ayalibebs Sexedulebas Temaze da migviTiTebs

mwerlis Zlier kritikul azrovnebaze, rac gamoixateba

mwerlis mier moyvanili ZiriTadad aSkarad ararelevanturi

magaliTebiT, mizezebiTa da sxva mtkicebulebebiT, sakuTari

poziciis dasacavad;

aris kargad organizebuli da fokusirebuli; ese

gamarTulia da masSi azrTa progresireba naTelia;

gamoirCeva enobrivi simwyobriT; masSi gamoyenebulia

Sesaferisi da saTanado leqsika;

Sedgeba struqturulad mravalgvari winadadebebisgan;

aris ZiriTadad uSecdomo gramatikuli / orTografiuli

TvalsazrisiT.


102

4 qula

am kategoriis ese met-naklebad Tanmimdevrulia, Tumca aqvs Secdomebi.

tipuri ese:

ayalibebs Sexedulebas Temaze da migviTiTebs mwerlis

kompetentur kritikul azrovnebaze, rac gamoixateba

mwerlis mier moyvanili ZiriTadad relevanturi

magaliTebiT, mizezebiTa da sxva mtkicebulebebiT, sakuTari

poziciis dasacavad;

aris ZiriTadad organizebuli da fokusirebuli; ese met-

naklebad gamarTulia da masSi azrTa progresireba

gasagebia;

gamoirCeva normaluri, magram arasakmarisi enobrivi gamar-

TulobiT; masSi gamoyenebulia ZiriTadad saTanado leqsika;

Sedgeba struqturulad ZiriTadad mravalgvari winada-

debebisgan;

aqvs garkveuli saxis gramatikuli Secdomebi.

3 qula

am kategoriis ese gamoirCeva ganviTarebadi ostatobiT da aqvs erTi

aq CamonaTval sisusteTagan:

ayalibebs Sexedulebas Temaze da migviTiTebs mwerlis met-

nakleb kritikul azrovnebaze, magram araTanmimdevruli an

araadekvaturi magaliTebiT, mizezebiTa da sxva

mtkicebulebebiT, sakuTari poziciis dasacavad;

aris limitirebuli organizebulobasa an fokusirebaSi; ese

SeiZleba ar iyos mTlad gamarTuli; SesaZlebelia, masSi

azrTa progresireba cxadi ar iyos;

migviTiTebs ganviTarebad enobriv simwyobreze, magram zog-

jer masSi gamoyenebulia susti an arasaTanado leqsika;


103

Sedgeba struqturulad aramravalferovani, mwiri an struq-

turulad araswori winadadebebisgan;

aris bevri gramatikuli Secdoma.

2 qula

am kategoriis ese gamoirCeva naklebi ostatobiT da aqvs erTi aq Ca-

monaTval sisusteTagan:

ayalibebs zedapirul an Zalian limitirebul (SezRudul)

Sexedulebas Temaze da migviTiTebs mwerlis sust kritikul

azrovnebaze, rac gamoixateba arasakmaris an araadekvatur

magaliTebSi, mizezebsa da sxva mtkicebulebebSi,

romlebsac mwerali iyenebs sakuTari poziciis dasacavad;

aris cudad organizebuli da/an fokusirebuli; SesaZlebe-

lia, eseSi azrTa progresireba TiTqmis gaugebari iyos;

migviTiTebs Zalian dabali donis enobriv simwyobreze; mas-

Si gamoyenebulia susti da limitirebuli (SezRuduli) an

arasaTanado leqsika;

Sedgeba struqturulad araswori winadadebebisgan;

aris imdeni gramatikuli Secdoma, rom azris gageba Znelia.

1 qula

am kategoriis ese gamoirCeva Zalian sustia ostatobis TvalsazrisiT

da aqvs aqvs erTi an ramdenime Semdegi tipis xarvezi:

ar ayalibebs Sexedulebas Temaze an ar iZleva TiTqmis ara-

nair an aranair mtkicebulebebs, sakuTari poziciis dasaca-

vad;

araorganizebuli an arafokusirebulia, ris gamoc ese ara-

Tanmimdevruli an gaugebaria;

aris seriozuli leqsikuri Secdomebi;

Sedgeba struqturulad araswori winadadebebisgan;

aris imdeni gramatikuli Secdoma, rom azri gaugebaria.


104

0 qula

ese, romelic ar aris dawerili mocemul Temaze (ar pasuxobs kiTxvas

/ Temas) 0 qulas miiRebs.

rogorc nimuSidan Cans, eses Sefasebis maqsimaluri qulaa 6.

Sefasebis rubrikaSi zustad aris gawerili, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi iRebs

moswavle / abiturenti 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 1 an 0 qulas.

Semfaseblis araobieqturoba/tendenciurobis zegavlena

testis validurobaze

Semdegi safrTxe, romelic SeiZleba daemuqros testirebis

dros enis flobis/codnis donis adekvatur Sefasebas aseve dakavSi-

rebulia Sefasebis kriteriumebTan, Tumca is ufro metad aris dakav-

Sirebuli Semfaseblis pirovnebasTan (ena, testireba, Sefaseba..., 2008,

gv. 200, egeni, koCaki, 2006, gv. 529).

araswori qulis kidev erTi mizezi SeiZleba gaxdes Semfaseb-

lis tendenciuroba, romelic SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos Semfa-

seblis garkveuli stereotipebiT (mag. lamazi xeliT nawerma dadebi-

Ti zegavlena moaxdinos, xolo uSno kaligrafiam ki piriqiT - ua-

ryofiTi), daRlilobiT an moyirWebiT. saklaso situaciaSi Semfa-

seblis tendenciuroba gaucnobiereblad SeiZleba daefuZnos gark-

veul pirad simpaTiebs an warsulSi Seqmnil STabeWdilebebs. Sefa-

sebis rubrikis ararseboba an arasruli Sefasebis rubrika (an sqema)

xels uwyobs Semfaseblis tendenciurobas.

garda zemoT ganxilulisa, cxadia, ganzraxuli unarebis Sesa-

faseblad metad mniSvnelovania testSi miRebuli pirveladi (nedli)

qulebis adekvaturi analizi saboloo qulebis misaRebad. amisaTvis

gamoiyeneba testis fsiqometruli specialuri Teoriebi da Sesabami-

si fsiqometruli meTodebi.


105

b. sandooba

sandooba _ es aris testis maxasiaTebeli, romelic gviCvenebs,

Tu ramdenad aris damokidebuli testiT miRebuli qulebi gazomvis

cTomilebebze, ganasxvavebs Tu ara testuri kiTxva Zlier da sust

moswavleebs? magaliTad, Tu standartizebul tests CaabarebT orSa-

baTs, Semdeg imave tests erTi kviris Semdegac CaabarebT da orivejer

erTsa da imave maCvenebels miiRebT, sakmarisi mizezi geqnebaT ifi-

qroT, rom testis Sedegebi sandoa. Tu erT dRes 100 adamiani Caaba-

rebs tests da Semdeg isini erTi kviris Semdeg am tests kvlav gai-

meoreben, maTi Sedegebi kvlav igive iqneba ganmeorebiTac _ Tqven ki-

dev ufro meti sababi geqnebaT imis saTqmelad, rom testis Sedegebi

sandoa. (ra Tqma unda, igulisxmeba, rom meore testamde SualedSi

adamianebi ar igeben pasuxebs da ar swavloben sakiTxebs). monacemebi

sandoa, Tu testi stabilur da mdgrad suraTs iZleva individis un-

aris Sesaxeb situaciidan situaciamde. sando Termometri erTnairad

muSaobs, erTnairad giCvenebT 100 graduss celsiusiT, roca mduRare

wylis temperaturas zomavT. sandoobis gazomvis es gza, anu testis

Sesruleba or sxvadasxva situaciaSi niSnavs stabilurobas da san-

doobas testidan testamde. Tu adamianTa jgufi asrulebs testis or

ekvivalentur versias da maCveneblebi am orive testSi SedarebiTia,

es sandoobis alternatiuli formaa (burlaCuki, 2008, gv. 265; anasta-

zi, urbina 2007, gv. 103; hagersi, 1992, gv. 29).

sandooba aseve moicavs testis Sida mdgradobasa da sizustes.

sandoobis mdgradoba gamoiTvleba testis erTi naxevris Sesrulebis

Sedegebis SedarebiT meore naxevris Sesrulebis SedegebTan.

arsebobs sandoobis dadgenis ramdenime gza, magram yvela Se-

saZlo Sedegi 0-dan 1-mde SualedSia moqceuli, rogorc korelaciis

koeficienti. iTvleba, rom sandooba 0.8-is zemoT Zalian maRalia, 0.8-

dan 0.6-mde - kargi, 0.6-sa da 0.4-s Soris _ dabali, xolo 0.4-is qvemoT


106

ki _ arasando. sandoobis asamaRleblad yvelaze efeqturi gzaa

testSi damatebiTi sakiTxebis Setana. zogadad miiCneva, rom vrceli

(grZeli) testebi ufro sandoa, vidre SedarebiT mcire zomis (mokle)

testebi.

gazomvis Secdomebi

arc erTi testi ar afasebs srulyofilad im codnasa da unar-

Cvevebs, romelTa gasazomadac maT iyeneben, radgan yovelTvis xdeba

Secdomebis daSveba. aris iseTi Secdomebi, romlebic moswavlesTan

aris dakavSirebuli, da gamowveulia, magaliTad, guneba-ganwyobiT,

motivaciiT an testis Cabarebis unar-CvevebiT.

zogjer SesaZlebelia Secdoma moswavlis sasargebloc aR-

moCndes da misi maCvenebeli imaze maRali iyos, vidre misi realuri

codnaa. SesaZlebelia, man zustad testirebis win gadaxeda am kon-

kretul masalas... zogjer Secdoma SeiZleba moswavlisTvis arasaxar-

bielo iyos. magaliTad, igi avad aris testirebis dros, an Tavs

SeuZlod grZnobs, an gamouZinebelia, an kidev gadaRlilia swored

testirebis dRes, an arasaTanado masalaze iyo koncentrirebuli.

Tumca Secdomis wyaro SeiZleba Tavad tests ukavSirdebodes _ miTi-

Tebebi ar iyos naTeli, sakiTxavi masala mizanSeuwonlad rTuli

iyos, sakiTxebi ki orazrovani, an dro iyos Zalian SezRuduli. maCve-

nebeli, romlebsac moswavle iRebs testSi, yovelTvis moicavs gark-

veul Secdomas.

rogor SeiZleba SevamciroT es Secdomebi?

rac ufro sandoa testi, miT ufro naklebad aris mosalodne-

li Secdoma. standartizebul testebze muSaobisas misi Semdgenlebi

amas iTvaliswineben da cdiloben Seafason, Tu ramdenad gansxvave-

buli SeiZleba iyos moswavlis monacemi, Tu igi ganmeorebiT Seasru-

lebda tests. amas gazomvis standartuli Secdoma ewodeba. amdenad,

sando testi SeiZleba asec ganisazRvros, rom esaa testi, romelsac

gazomvis mcire standartuli Secdoma aqvs. testebis interpretirebi-


107

sas maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos Secdomis farglebi (burla-

Cuki, 2008, gv. 315).

farTomasStabiani standartizebuli testirebis dros, roca

testirebis mizania, daadginos codnisa da unarebis TvalsazrisiT

arsebuli saerTo done moswavleTa garkveul jgufebSi (qveynis, re-

gionis, raionis skolis masStabiT) arasistematur (SeiZleba iTqvas,

SemTxveviT) Secdomebs naklebi mniSvneloba eniWeba. magram isini gan-

sakuTrebul datvirTvas iZenen, roca saklaso testirebasTan gvaqvs

saqme da erTi romelime moswavlis unarisa da codnis Sefaseba gvi-

wevs testirebis saSualebiT. amitom specialistebi maswavleblebs

urCeven, unaris Sesaxeb azris Camoyalibebisas nurasodes daeyrdno-

bian moswavlis zustad im monacems, romelsac igi testSi iRebs.

testebis SemmuSaveblebi monacemebs sando intervalis, anu `standar-

tuli Secdomis farglebis~ gaTvaliswinebiT aqveyneben. es Semo-

sazRvravs moswavlis realur maCvenebels, rac saWiros xdis gazomvis

standartuli Secdomis gamoyenebas da saSualebas aZlevs maswavle-

bels, gaiTvaliswinos maCvenebelTa speqtri, romelic SesaZloa moi-

cavdes moswavlis zust qulas _ maCvenebels, romelsac miiRebda mos-

wavle, testi rom absoluturad zusti da uSecdomo yofiliyo (vul-

folki, 2007, gv. 525).

aucilebelia, gvaxsovdes standartuli Secdomis farglebi,

roca moswavleebs varCevT specialuri programebisTvis. arc erTi

bavSvi ar unda iyos uaryofili mxolod imitom, rom maTi maCvenebeli

dadgenil SesarCev maCvenebels erTi-ori quliT CamorCeba. moswavlis

namdvili maCvenebeli SeiZleba am dadgenil maCvenebelze maRali iyos.

zogadad, testis Sedgenisas mniSvnelovania, rom gaviTvaliswinoT,

rom sandoobisTvis problemas SeiZleba warmoadgendes (bekeri, 2008):

testSi gamoyenebulia araswori sityvebi an bundovani

formulirebebi;


108

orazrovani an Zalian zogadi xasiaTis instruqcia, romlis wa-

kiTxvis Sedegadac moswavles gauWirdeba gaigos, ra moeTxoveba

am davalebaSi;

testuri kiTxvebi (davalebebi), romlebic Seicavs uneblie

miniSnebebs da moswavles ubiZgebs swori pasuxisaken;

daxurul kiTxvaSi Zalian gamokveTilia swori pasuxi.

qvemoT warmodgenilia aseTi SemTxvevebis magaliTebi. kerZod,

pirvel testur davalebaSi gamoyenebulia araswori sityvebi da

bundovani formulirebebi.

1. ra SeiZleba iyidoT:

2. produqtebis maRaziaSi? ___________________________

3. saparikmaxeroSi? ___________________________

4. afTiaqSi? ___________________________

5. sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis salonSi? ______________________

6. safunTuSeSi? ___________________________

saparikmaxeroSi arafris yidva ar SeiZleba da, aqedan

gamomdinare, es mxolod daabnevs moswavles. amavdroulad, sruliad

bundovania gamonaTqvami `sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis saloni~.

ufro metic, am testur davalebaSi winaswari miniSnebacaa, radgan

produqtebis maRaziaSi, cxadia, rom produqtebis yidvaa SesaZlebeli.

sxva yvelaferTan erTad, am testur davalebas aklia swori pasuxebis

CamonaTvali anu Sefasebis rubrika da Tu is winaswar ar iqneba

gadawyvetili (testirebis miznidan gamomdinare) da gawerili,

SesaZlebelia 1.6. kiTxvaze pasuxi: "puri" CaiTvalos swor pasuxad da

meore SemTxvevaSi (zemoT ganxiluli faqtorebis zegavleniT, mag.,

sxvadasxva Semfaseblis pirobebSi) igive pasuxi an, ufro sworad,

arasakmarisad, radgan pasuxi "puri, funTuSa da a.S." iyos miCneuli

sworad.


109

Semdeg magaliTSi (2) testur davalebas aqvs orazrovani an

Zalian zogadi xasiaTis instruqcia, romlis wakiTxvis Sedegadac

moswavles gauWirdeba gaigos, ra moeTxoveba am davalebaSi

2. teqstidan amoiwereT gansazRvreba, romlebic personaJis

uaryofiTad axasiaTebs, Tumca, sazogadod, uaryofiTi mniSvnelobiT

ar gamoiyeneba.

(igulisxmeba mxatvruli xerxi - ironia - mag.

ilia WavWavaZis leqsSi - `bednieri eri~)

rogorc vxedavT, gaugebaria, ris gansazRvreba unda amoiweros

moswavlem, an egeb davalebis mixedviT man ironiis gamomxatveli

sityvebi unda amoiweros? cxadia, aseTi instruqcia daabnevs

moswavles da, Sesabamisad, misi enobrivi kompetenciebi

araadekvaturad iqneba Sefasebuli.

mesame magaliTi warmoadgens iseT testur davalebas (kiTxvas),

romelic Seicavs uneblie miniSnebebs da moswavles ubiZgebs swori

pasuxisaken (Tavad nawarmoebis saTaurSive mocemulia testuri

davalebis swori pasuxi: moswavles SeiZleba sulac ar hqondes

wakiTxuli nawarmoebi, magram gasces adekvaturi pasuxi):

3. vin aris Txzulebis - `soloman morbelaZis~ - mTavari personaJi?

Semdeg magaliTSi swori pasuxi Zalian gamokveTilia da distraqto-

rebi sruliad xelovnuria.

4. gaarkvie, romelia swori pasuxi:

sarke gakeTebulia:

(a) rZisgan;

(b) Rvinisgan;

(g) minisgan;


110

g. samarTlianoba/aratendenciuroba

testis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebelia samarTlianoba.

am cnebis ekvivalentad xSirad aratendenciurobas iyeneben (bekeri,

2008, hagersi, 1992, gv. 19; ena, testireba, Sefaseba... 2008, gv. 183). testi

codnisa da unarebis sazomi instrumentia da igi samarTliani, ara-

tendenciuri unda iyos, rac imas niSnavs, rom yvela moswavles unda

hqondes Tanabari SesaZlebloba, srulad gamoavlinos Tavisi codna

da unarebi. testis samarTlianobas xSirad ukavSireben testis admi-

nistrirebis obieqturobasTan da imasTan, Tu ramdenad erTnair pi-

robebSi akeTeben tests moswavleebi. es, cxadia, metad mniSvnelovani

sakiTxia, Tumca, SesaZlebelia, TviTon testi, rogorc garkveuli

codnisa da unarebis sazomi instrumenti, iyos arasamarTliani, anu

testi ise iyos Sedgenili, rom sxvadasxva socialuri jgufis, fenis

da a.S. moswavleebs ar hqondeT Tanabari pirobebi sakuTari codnisa

da unarebis gamosavlenad. amdenad, arasamarTlianoba, tendenciuro-

ba gulisxmobs Sefasebis instrumentis Tvisebas, usiamovneba miayenos

an usamarTlod moeqces moswavleebs maTi genderuli, rasobrivi, eT-

nikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri an sxva raime statusis gamo. es SeiZ-

leba iyos gamowveuli testis Sinaarsis, enis an magaliTebis sxva-

dasxva aspeqtiT, romelmac SeiZleba gaamrudos moswavleebis mier

testis Sesruleba _ Secvalos igi ukeTesobisaken an uaresobisaken.

magaliTad, Tu testSi Setanilia krivTan an fexburTTan dakavSire-

buli sakiTxebi, unda velodoT, rom am tests biWebi ukeTesad Sea-

sruleben, vidre gogonebi. roca Sinaarsi exeba sportis saxeobebs, es

usamarTlobaa _ gogonebi SeiZleba daiCagron codnis naklebobis ga-

mo vTqvaT, fexburTsa da krivSi. Tumca testi Aara mxolod usamar-

Tlo, aramed Seuracxmyofelic SeiZleba iyos. es maSin xdeba, roca

testis SemsrulebelTa erTi jgufisaTvis testi an misi garkveuli

davalebebi damamcirebelia. damcirebuli, gabrazebuli moswavleebi

ki ver warmoaCenen Tavs saukeTesod.


111

testebi SeiZleba procedurulad ar iyos samarTliani. anu Se-

saZloa zogierT jgufs ar hqondes Tanabari SesaZlebloba, testire-

bisas gamoavlinos Tavisi codna.

ganvixiloT ramdenime magaliTi:

1. testisa da testis Camtareblis ena xSirad gansxvavdeba

moswavleebis enisagan.

2. is pasuxebi, romlebic mxars uWers saSualo fenis Rire-

bulebebs, ufro maRali qulebiT fasdeba.

3. individualurad Catarebul testebSi (mag, laparakis), ma-

Rali qulebiT fasdeba maRali verbaluroba da bevri la-

paraki da ara Sinaarsi. es ukeTes pirobebSi ayenebs im

moswavleebs, romlebic aseTYsituaciebSi Tavs komfortu-

lad grZnoben.

testebi SeiZleba ar iyos samarTliani, ramdenadac SesaZlebe-

lia, gansxvavebul jgufebs im masalis swavlis sxvadasxva SesaZleb-

loba hqondes, romelic mowmdeba. sakiTxebi, rogorc wesi, exeba

xolme iseT faqtebsa da gamocdilebas, romelic dominanturi kul-

turisaTvis aris nacnobi da ara umciresobisaTvis.

dRes standartizebuli testebis umetesoba yuradRebiT mowmde-

ba, rom masSi ar aRiniSnebodes tendenciuroba (bekeri, 2008), magram

maswavlebelTa mier Sedgenili testebic aseve SeiZleba tendenciuri

iyos. amitom aucilebelia, rom maswavlebelma, gansakuTrebiT ki,

axalbeda maswavlebelma, kolegebs an specialistebs sTxovos testis

gadaxedva im mizniT, rom Seamowmos:

xom ar ayenebs upirates mdgomareobaSi gogos an biWs;

xom ar ayenebs upirates mdgomareobaSi garkveul jgufs

dasaxlebis tipis, socialuri statusis an eTnikuri

warmomavlobis mixedviT;

xom ar gaanawyenebs garkveul moswavleebs da zegavlenas

moaxdens maTgan swori pasuxis gacemis albaTobaze;

xom ar aris davalebaSi Cadebuli usamarTlo xafangi”.

xom ar aris Sefasebis sistema dasaxvewi...


112

3. testis ZiriTadi Teoriebi

yvelaze cnobili Teoria, romlis mixedviTac xdeba testis

monacemebis damuSaveba es aris testis klasikuri Teoria (anastazi,

urbina, 2007, gv. 196; burlaCuki, 2008, gv. 448; reini, 2009; fransi). am

Teoriis mixedviT monawilis/moswavlis mier testSi miRebuli qula

Sedgeba WeSmariti qulisagan, romelic Seesabameba

moswavlis/monawilis gasazomi unarebis odenobas da gazomvis

Secdomisgan. gazomvis Secdoma damokidebulia SemTxveviTobaze,

iRbalze, motivaciaze, daRlilobaze da sxva arasistematur

faqtorebze. rac ufro kargad aris Sedgenili testi da rac ufro

standartizebuli da obieqturia igi, miT ufro mcirea gazomvis

Secdoma.

testis administrirebis Semdeg moswavlis mier miRebul qulaTa

jami warmoadgens im ZiriTad maCvenebels, romelze dayrdnobiTac

xdeba moswavlis unaris saboloo Sefaseba. klasikuri testis

TeoriaSi mniSvnelovan kriteriums warmoadgens testirebaSi monawile

moswavleTa qulebis saSualo ariTmetikuli (standartul

gadaxrasTan erTad), romelic moswavleTa Sefasebis ZiriTad

kriteriums warmoadgens. swored moswavleTa saSualo qula

gamoiyeneba daskvnebis gamosatanad imis Taobaze, Tu rogor Sefasdeba

konkretuli moswavlis garkveuli unari: rogorc saSualoze maRali,

dabali, Tu saSualo. testis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebelia

diskriminaciis unari. es aris testis maxasiaTebeli, romelic

saSualebas iZleva, ganasxvaos maRali, saSualo da dabali unarebisa

da codnis mqone moswavleebi erTmaneTisgan.

testis klasikuri Teoria Zalian mosaxerxebelia, roca gvinda

SevarCioT saukeTeso moswavleebi; vafasebT erT konkretul,

SedarebiT viwro sakiTxs; gvaqvs mxolod erTi testi da erTi


113

populacia. magram Tu ase ar aris, maSin iqmneba monacemTa

interpretaciis problemebi (reini, 2009). magaliTad, A moswavlem da B

moswavlem gaakeTa sxvadasxva testi. erTi testi (E) ufro advilia,

vidre - meore (D). rogor SevadaroT testis qulebi XAE da XBD

erTmaneTs? rogor moviqceT, Tu XAE> XBD?

an meore magaliTi:

k da j testuri davaleba gaakeTa orma sxvadasxva jgufma. erTi

jgufs aqvs naklebi unarebi (l), xolo meores - meti (h).

rogor SevadaroT am testuri davalebebis sirTule p erTmaneTs?

ra vqnaT, Tu testuri davalebis sirTule (P, romelic ganisazRvreba

jgufSi im moswavleTa procentiT, romlebmac sworad gaakeTes

testuri davaleba) Pkl<Pjh?

am tipis problemebs agvarebs testur davalebaze dafuZnebuli

Teoria (reini, 2009, burlaCuki, 2008, gv.148; anastazi, urbina, 2007, gv.

211). Tu unda SevafasoT codnisa da unarebis farTo speqtri da

Sesabamisad, gvWirdeba bevri testuri davaleba, Tu unda SevafasoT

sxvadasxva jgufebisgan Semdgari populacia, maSin umjobesia

gamoviyenoT testur davalebaze dafuZnebuli Teoria. es aris testis

albaTur-statistikuri Teoria, romlis ZiriTadi idea aris is, rom

rac ufro maRalia testirebaSi monawilis unarebi, miT ufro

maRalia testur davalebaze mis mier swori pasuxis gacemis

albaToba. am Teoriis mixedviT, Sedegebi ar aris damokidebuli

testirebaSi monawileTa saerTo doneze da imaze, Tu monawileTa

ramdenma procentma gaakeTa esa Tu is testuri davaleba. testirebis

am fsiqometruli Teoriis mixedviT, qula ar aris damokidebuli

testur davalebebze. amasTanave, moswavleebma SeiZleba Seasrulon

sxvadasxva testuri davaleba; moswavlem SeiZleba daweros testis

nawili (bukleti) da daskvna gakeTdes ise, TiTqos man mTeli testi


114

Seasrula. magram es testis am modelisTvis aucilebelia testuri

davalebebis ganmeoreba da moswavleTa sxvadasxva SerCevis TanakveTa.

fsiqometruli TvalsazrisiT, es modeli sakmaod rTulia da igi

gamoiyeneba farTomasStabiani testirebis dros. ufro metic, igi

Zalze rTul gamoTvlebs moiTxovs da misi gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia

specialuri kompiuteruli programebis gareSe.

saklaso testirebis dros, Cveulebriv, testuri qulebis

interpretaciisTvis iyeneben ufro martiv procedurebs, romelTa

Sesaxebac qvemoT (ix. Tavi 5) iqneba moTxrobili.


115

4. testis Sedgenis safexurebi (etapebi)

testis Sedgenis pirveli da yvelaze mniSvnelovani etapia imis

gansazRvra, Tu ris dadgena gvinda testirebis Sedegad da ra mizniT.

amisTvis unda gavarkvioT, romeli kategoriis testi gvWirdeba (miR-

wevis, daxelovnebis Tu sxv.), ra aris maTi mizani konkretul situa-

ciaSi, moswavleTa romeli unarebis testireba gvesaWiroeba, rogor

unda moxdes monacemTa interpretireba da a.S.

testis Seqmna misi detaluri gegmis CamoyalibebiT iwyeba. aseT

gegmas testis specifikacias uwodeben (testuri, 2009, gv. 8). igi tes-

tirebis miznebze dayrdnobiT yalibdeba da moicavs detalur infor-

macias testis miznis, Sinaarsisa da administrirebis Sesaxeb. testis

specifikacias sxvadasxva saxe SeiZleba hqondes, magram yvela maTgani

unda moicavdes testis mizans, Sinaarss, formats (Sesafasebeli una-

rebis/codnis, gamoyenebuli testuri davalebebis da testSi maTi wo-

nis matricas), agreTve informacias monawileebis, Sefasebis sistemisa

da administrirebis Sesaxeb (hagersi, 1992, gv. 48).

testirebis saSualebiT enis flobis Sefasebis drosac saWi-

roa, SevadginoT testirebis gegma anu specifikacia. ganvixiloT tes-

tis specifikaciaSi Semavali informaciis magaliTebi.

Sinaarsi: testis specifikaciaSi srulad unda iyos aRwerili

is Sinaarsi, romelze dayrdnobiTac SeiZleba aigos testi. mag., gra-

matikuli testis Sinaarsi unda Sedgebodes Sesafasebeli gramatiku-

li struqturebis CamonaTvalisgan, xolo enobrivi unarebis saerTo

testi ki unda moicavdes enobrivi kompetenciebis yvela ganzomilebis

aRweras. rogorc zemoT iTqva, testis Semqmnelma sxvadasxvagvari

forma SeiZleba misces testis specifikacias, magram mTavaria, rom

masSi testis Sinaarsi srulad da amomwuravad iyos aRwerili.


116

testis specifikaciaSi ara mxolod testis Sinaarsi unda iyos

aRwerili, aramed mocemuli unda iyos gamoyenebuli masalis Tavise-

burebebi da is operaciebi, romelTa Sesrulebac mouwevs moswavles

testirebisas. mag., kiTxvis testSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos sxva-

dasxva tipis teqstebi (publicisturi werilebi, leqsi, moTxroba, sa-

reklamo gancxadebebi da sxv.), romelTa tipis, raodenobisa da mo-

culobis Sesaxeb informacia winaswar unda iyos gansazRvruli tes-

tis specifikaciaSi. aqve unda iyos mocemuli im unarebisa da codnis

CamonaTvali, romelTa Semowmebasac emsaxureba testi. mag., testis mi-

zani SeiZleba iyos teqstSi specifikuri informaciis moZiebis unaris

Sefaseba, konteqstis mixedviT ucxo sityvis mniSvnelobis gageba da

a.S.

testirebaSi monawileebis/populaciis aRwera: testis specifi-

kaciis es nawili unda moicavdes amomwurav informacias testirebaSi

monawile adamianebis Sesaxeb. es aris informacia maTi asakis, saganma-

naTleblo safexuris/klasis, enis flobis arsebuli donis da sxv.

Sesaxeb. enis flobis donis testis SemTxvevaSi cxadia, mniSvnelova-

nia testis specifikaciaSi miTiTebuli iyos, es ena mSobliuria mona-

wileebisTvis, Tu igi meore an ucxo enaa.

formati/matrica da drois ganawileba: am nawilSi mocemuli

unda iyos testis struqtura, romelic moicavs testirebis dros da

mis ganawilebas testis TiToeuli komponentisTvis, testuri davale-

bebis tipebsa da specialur procedurebs. am nawilSi aseve mocemuli

unda iyos TiToeuli komponentis wona. aqve gawerili unda iyos, ro-

meli tipis ramdeni testuri davaleba aris gansazRvruli TiToeuli

komponentisTvis (testuri..., 2009, gv. 12).

qvemoT mogvyavs testis specifikaciaSi warmodgenili testis

formatis/matricis magaliTi qarTuli enis testisTvis.


117

meore ena

mosmenilis gageba 30 wT

25%

15 mravlobiTi arCevanis

Semcveli davaleba; 5 –Ria

testuri davaleba (2

mokle da 3 gavrcobilpa-

suxiani)

wakiTxulis gageba 45 wT

25%


Semcveli davaleba; 5 –Ria

testuri davaleba (2

mokle da 3 gavrcobilpa-

suxiani)

weriTi unar-Cvevebi 45 sT

25%

15 – eses tipis davaleba.

gramatikuli kompetencia 30 wT

15%

15 winadadeba - Tavisufa-

li pasuxi.

leqsikuri kompetencia 30 wT

10%


Semcveli davaleba.

testirebis drois gansazRvrisTvis mniSvnelovania gaviTvalis-

winoT testirebis monawileebis/moswavleebis asaki da maTi yuradRe-

bis koncentraciis Taviseburebebi. ase mag., Tu dawyebiT safexurze,


118

gansakuTrebiT ki pirvel klasebSi vatarebT tests, igi unda Semoi-

farglos 45-60 wuTiT, xolo ufrosklaselebsa da zrdasrulebSi

testireba 2 an 3 saaTis ganmavlobaSic SeiZleba gagrZeldes (SesaZ-

lebelia SuaSi mciredi SesvenebiT). Tu monawilis kognituri proce-

sebis Taviseburebebi ar iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli, maSin testis mona-

cemebis didi nawili daRlilobis an moyirWebis faqtoris zegavle-

niT iqneba miRebuli.

miRwevis doneebi: miRwevis doneebi anu moswavleTa SesaZlo

warmatebis doneebi, romelic testSi aris gansazRvruli, winaswar

unda iyos gawerili (hagersi, 1992, gv. 50). enaSi "daxelovnebis donee-

bi" SesaZloa gansazRvruli iyos monawilis/moswavlis mier sworad

gakeTebuli testuri davalebebis procentuli wiliT. mag., 75% da me-

ti testuri davalebebis sworad gakeTeba miuTiTebdes "daxelovnebis"

maRal doneze, 50%-dan 75%-mde testuri davalebebis sworad gakeTeba

- saSualoze maRal kompetenciaze, 25%-dan 50%-mde - saSualoze da-

balze, xolo ufro naklebis ki - Zalian dabal doneze. Tu testis

mizania kompetenciiis garkveuli donis moswavleTa gadarCeva (mag.,

enis swavlebis Semdeg safexurze gadasayvanad), maSin SesaZlebelia

avirCioT Sefasebis sxva midgoma: moswavles moeTxovebodes testis

srulad daZleva, magram imisTvis, rom Semdeg safexurze gadavides,

dawesdes minimaluri zRvari, mag., qulaTa 80%.

testis miznebidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia miRwevis doneebi

ufro kompleqsuri iyos. mag., `enaTa flobis zogadevropuli

kompetenciebi~ gvTavazobs miRwevis doneebis skalas; sanimuSod

mogvyavs A2 donis aRwera (deskriptorebiTurT):

1. mosmena

nela da Zalian garkveviT naTqvami teqstis (mag., gamyidvelisa da myidvelis

dialogi maRaziaSi) mosmenisas Semswavlels SeuZlia sityvebisa da mokle

winadadebebis gageba.


119

SemswavlelisTvis gasagebia saubari, romelic exeba avtomobilis an sxva

raime nivTis fers, zomas, wonas, moculobas.

Semswavlels SeuZlia gaigos teqsti, romelic misTvis nacnob Temebs (mag.,

swavla, samsaxuri, Tavisufali dro, ojaxi) exeba.

saubris mosmenisas Semswavleli xvdeba mosaubreebis ganwyobilebas (rogor

grZnoben isini Tavs, rogor xasiaTze arian; arian avad, kargad, mxned Tu

daRlilebi).

Semswavlels SeuZlia gaigos nela da garkveviT warmoTqmuli teqstis

ZiriTadi Sinaarsi, Tu igi sayofacxovrebo sakiTxebs exeba.

Semswavleli mokle da martivi Setyobinebebidan igebs ZiriTad informacias.

Semswavlels SeuZlia zepirad warmoTqmuli teqstis arsis gageba.

Tu saubroben nela da garkveviT, Semswavleli igebs ZiriTad informacias

sportuli angariSis, sasaqonlo reklamis, amindis prognozis Sesaxeb.

mokle, martivi Setyobinebebidan da ambebidan Semswavlels gamoaqvs

dedaazri, Tu teqsti dinjad da garkveviT aris naTqvami da misTvis nacnob

Temebs exeba.

roca Semswavlels gzas aswavlian, igi xvdeba, rogor unda mivides

daniSnul adgilamde fexiT, avtobusiT Tu metroTi.

roca Semswavlels maRaziaSi an transportSi esmis saubari, xvdeba, Tu ras

exeba igi.

zepiri mokle teqstidan Semswavlels esmis ZiriTadi informacia im Temebis

Sesaxeb, romlebic mas ainteresebs.

2. kiTxva

Semswavlels SeuZlia wignis saZiebelsa Tu sarCevSi misTvis saintereso

ZiriTadi informaciis moZieba da gageba.

Semswavlels SeuZlia Jurnal-gazeTebSi misTvis nawilobriv nacnob Temebze

agebuli martivi statiebis dedaazris gageba.

Semswavlels SeuZlia Jurnal-gazeTebis gadaTvalierebisas Tu internetSi

muSaobisas moipovos da gaigos misTvis saintereso martivi informaciis


120

ZiriTadi azri, gaerkves Tu ras weren adamianebi sakuTar Tavze, rogor

axasiaTeben erTmaneTs da mixvdes, vis ra Tviseba aqvs.

Semswavlels SeuZlia gaigos mokle, martivi teqstis Tu Setyobinebis

ZiriTadi azri.

Semswavlels SeuZlia calkeuli frazebisa da xSirad xmarebuli sityvebis

gageba maSin, roca teqsti misTvis saintereso Temas exeba.

Semswavlels SeuZlia advilad misaxvedri informaciis moZieba ganrigSi,

cxrilSi, meniuSi, reklamaSi, gancxadebaSi...

Semswavlels SeuZlia piradi werilebis gageba.

3. laparaki

Semswavlels SeuZlia sakuTar Tavze mokle informaciis gacema (waradginos

Tavi _ Tqvas vinaoba, misamarTi, telefonis nomeri, saidan aris da sad

muSaobs).

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi sityvebiT Tqvas, Tu rogor grZnobs Tavs.

Semswavlels SeuZlia gadmosces sakuTari ojaxis Sesaxeb ZiriTadi

informacia (mag., vin arian, ra asakisa da profesiis arian misi ojaxis

wevrebi).

Semswavlels SeuZlia Tqvas, romeli sasmeli da saWmeli uyvars / moswons an

ar uyvars / ar moswons; romel garemoSi (sofelSi, qalaqSi, zRvaze, mTaSi...)

urCevnia yofna da mokled daasabuTos mizezi.

Semswavlels SeuZlia Tqvas, ra aris misi hobi (mag., musika, Teatri, kino,

ferwera, qandakeba, sporti).

Semswavlels SeuZlia winaswari momzadebis gareSe warmoadginos misTvis

nacnobi sagani / obieqti (qveyana, musikaluri jgufi, gundi).

Semswavlels SeuZlia Zalian martivi dasaxelebis sakvebi produqtisa da

sasmelis dasaxeleba misi yidvis an SekveTis mizniT.

Semswavlels SeuZlia Tavaziani formebis gamoyenebiT mimarTos sxvas da

dausvas arcTu rTuli SekiTxva.


121

Semswavlels SeuZlia mokled da martivad ilaparakos raime movlenis,

faqtis (mag., wveulebaze, eqskursiaze, gakveTilze) an sakuTari gancdis

Sesaxeb.

Semswavlels SeuZlia mokled aRweros sad cxovrobs da rogor SeiZleba

masTan misvla (transporti, mgzavrobis xangrZlivoba, manZili).

Semswavlels SeuZlia mokle ambis moyola da movlenebis Tanmimdevrulad

warmodgena.

Semswavlels SeuZlia msmenels miawodos informacia sakuTari samsaxuris

Sesaxeb.

Semswavlels SeuZlia mokled gadmosces, Tu ras apirebs kviris bolos an

ardadegebze; SeuZlia moyves, Tu rogor aRniSnaven Sobas an sxva

dResaswaulebs mis qveyanaSi.

Semswavlels SeuZlia mokle satelefono saubris warmarTva, mag., Sexvedris

adgilis daniSvna.

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi sityvebiT gamoxatos Tavisi grZnobebi (mag., es

CemTvis naTelia, meSinia, mSia...).

Semswavlels SeuZlia iTxovos daxmareba da Sesabamisi reagireba moaxdinos,

roca mas sTxoven daxmarebas.

Semswavlels SeuZlia isaubros kviris dReebze, daasaxelos weliwadi, Tve,

ricxvi, saaTi da yovelive amis Sesaxeb Tavadac dasvas SekiTxvebi.

Semswavlels SeuZlia damarcvlos sityvebi.

Semswavlels SeuZlia sxvadasxva sakiTxze daTanxmeba, SekamaTeba, an uaris

Tqma.

4. wera

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi sityvebiT daweros sakuTari saqmianobis

Sesaxeb (mag., samsaxuris, sportisa da Tavisufali drois Taobaze).

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi sityvebiT daweros, rom gadaifiqra Sexvedra;

SeuZlia miwvevaze werilobiT reagireba.


122

Semswavlels SeuZlia mokle da martivi sityvebiT megobrebs Seatyobinos,

rom agviandeba / avad aris / sxva saqmiT aris dakavebuli da ar SeuZlia

daniSnul adgilas misvla.

Semswavlels SeuZlia TavisTvis Camoweros samecadino gegma kviris dReebisa

da TariRebis miTiTebiT.

Semswavlels SeuZlia axloblebis saxelze daweros mosawvevi.

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi winadadebebiT aRweros movlena, rodis da ra

viTarebaSi moxda igi.

Semswavlels SeuZlia mokle, martivi winadadebebiT misTvis nacnobi

sagnebisa da adgilebis aRwera.

Semswavlels SeuZlia nacnobi Temebis Sesaxeb martivi teqstebis Sedgena,

sakuTari azris werilobiT Camoyalibeba.

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi istoriis moyola (mag., lamazad gatarebuli

ardadegebis an momavali cxovrebis Sesaxeb).

Semswavlels SeuZlia eleqtronuli fostiT, mokle teqsturi SetyobinebiT

(SMS-iT) an mokle weriliT nacnobebsa da megobrebs saWiro martivi

informacia, rCeva miawodos (mag., ama Tu im disketis fasi sxvadasxva

maRaziaSi, romeli sportuli klubi, sacurao auzi jobs).

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi, erTmaneTTan logikurad dakavSirebuli

winadadebebiT aRweros raime movlena.

Semswavlels SeuZlia suraTebiTa da mokle teqstebiT aRweros mogzaurobis

mizani.

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi gancxadebis dawera, misTvis saintereso

gancxadebaze reagireba, informaciis ganTavseba axalgazrdul gazeTsa Tu

veb-gverdze.

Semswavlels SeuZlia saswavlo dRiurSi martivad Caiweros, rodis ra

gaakeTa da ra aqvs saswavli.


123

roca tests vqmniT, unda gvaxsovdes, rom miRwevis doneebis

aseTi kompleqsuri skalebis SemTxvevaSi, didia subieqturi Sefasebis

safrTxe da, Sesabamisad, arasando Sedegebis miRebis albaToba.

amitom, aseT SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom Zalian

zustad moxdes im kognituri (enobrivi) operaciebis gawera, romlis

safuZvelzec keTdeba Sefaseba.

qvemoT warmodgenilia qarTulis, rogorc meore enis flobis

dasadgenad SemuSavebuli testis specifikaciis nimuSi, romelic

eyrdnoba erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier

maswavlebelTaTvis gamocemul saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxiluli testis

specifikaciis formas (testuri, 2009, gv. 14).

qarTulis, rogorc meore enis testis specifikaciis nimuSi:

1. testis saTauri: qarTulis, rogorc meore enis flobis miRwevis

donis dadgena

2. testis ZiriTadi mizania Semswavlelis enobrivi kompetenciebis

dadgena saxelmwifo enis (meore enis) modulis (SL1-is) kompetencieb-

Tan mimarTebiT (kriteriumTan Sedarebaze dafuZnebuli testebi); ga-

moyenebuli iqneba miRwevebis testireba, romelic gulisxmobs gamo-

muSavebuli unarebis testirebas.

3. mocemuli testiT izomeba testirebis monawilis mier qarTulis,

rogorc meore enis im modulis (SL1-is) gavlis Sedegad aTvisebuli

enobrivi kompetenciebi, romlebic ganisazRvra Semswavlelis winaswa-

ri testirebis safuZvelze.

4. testireba utardebaT zrdasruli asakis umaRlesi ganaTlebis

mqone araqarTulenovan pedagogebs, romelTaTvisac saxelmwifo –

qarTuli ena (romlis testirebac xdeba) meore enaa

5. testirebis paralelurad, romelic mxolod mosmenis, kiTxvisa da

weris unarebis Semowmebis saSualebas iZleva, laparakis unaris Se-

safaseblad dagegmilia intervius formati.


124

6. informaciis gamoyenebis wesi dgindeba testis Semdgeneli jgufis

mier.

7. testirebis xangrZlivoba ganisazRvra 3 saaTiT.

8. informaciis testis Sinaarsi:

mimarTuleba: kiTxva

kiTxulobs da igebs sajaro warwerebs (gamafrTxilebeli warwera,

gaCerebis/quCis saxeli, maRaziis/sajaro Senobis dasaxeleba, informacia

yidva-daqiravebis Sesaxeb, memorialuri dafa, sxvadasxva tipis abra sxva),

savarjiSos pirobas.

kiTxulobs oficialuri/administraciuli xasiaTis dokumentebs, formula-

rebs (kviris ganrigi, gakveTilebis cxrili, anketa, savizito baraTi, pirado-

bis mowmoba, bileTi da sxva).

kiTxulobs da igebs yofiTi xasiaTis informaciul teqstebs (katalogi, sa-

marSruto gegma, meniu, kulinaruli recepti).

kiTxulobs da igebs martiv korespondencias: sxvadasxva xasiaTis Ria baraTs

(misaloci, mosawvevi, mowvevis samadlobelo da sxva), martiv Setyobinebas.

amoicnobs teqstis kompoziciur maxasiaTeblebs da naswavl enobriv formebs.

mimarTavs sxvadasxva strategias Sinaarsis gagebis gasaadvileblad.

mimarTuleba: wera

nimuSis mixedviT wers Ria baraTs.

modelis mixedviT wers sxvadasxva saxis mcire zomis pragmatul teqstebs

(katalogi, meniu, kulinaruli recepti da sxva).

modelis mixedviT wers mcire zomis aRweriT teqsts.

icavs werilobiTi teqstis struqturas, iZens elementarul enobriv unar-

Cvevebs da cdilobs funqciurad gamoiyenos isini.

mimarTavs weris strategiebs naweris gaumjobesebis mizniT.

9. matrica/formati: ix. gv. 118.

10. qulebis dawera: daxuruli tipis testur davalebebSi 1 an 2

quliT fasdeba; 1 qula iwereba iseT davalebebSi, romelic mosmenili

(wakiTxuli) teqstidan implicituri informaciis moZiebas

gulisxmnobs / martiv codnazea orientirebuli; 2 quliani Sefaseba –

maRali donis kognitur operaciebze (blumis taqsonomiis mixedviT)

orientirebul testur davalebebSi.

eses formatis (Ria tipis) davalebebSi maqsimaluri qula

ganisazRvreba 5 quliT; gradacia mocemuli iqneba davalebebSi.


125

testis Sedgena/Seqmna: testSi unda Sediodes specifikaciaSi

gawerili Sinaarsi. Sinaarsobrivi validaciisa da saswavlo proces-

Tan kavSiridan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania, rom testi (testuri da-

valebebi) farTod asaxavdes Sinaarss. rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli,

testi srulad unda moicavdes yvela im unaris, codnisa da Rirebu-

lebebis Sesafasebel testur davalebebs, romlebic testis mizniT

gansazRvrul da testis specifikaciaSi dazustebul saswavlo Se-

degs/indikatoris Seadgenen. mniSvnelovania agreTve sxvadasxva donis

kognituri operaciebis gaTvaliswinebac da Sesabamisi unarebis Sefa-

seba.

arsebobs kognituri unarebis sxvadasxva taqsonomia, magram

maTgan ganaTlebis sferoSi yvelaze farTod gavrcelebulia benJamen

blumis kognituri operaciebis taqsonomia (ganmartebiTi,... 2007, gv. 7).

testebis didi nawilic am meTodologiur safuZvelzea agebuli. ami-

tom Cven mokled ganvixilavT blumis taqsonomias da testirebaSi mi-

si misi gamoyenebis mniSvnelobas.

blumis taqsonomiis mixedviT, kognituri operaciebi iyofa Sem-

deg doneebad:

1. codna;

2. gageba;

3. gamoyeneba;

4. analizi;

5. sinTezi;

6. Sefaseba.

blumis mixedviT, pirveli sami done azrovnebis qveda donis

operaciebia, xolo analizi, sinTezi da Sefaseba ki maRali donis

kognitur operaciaTa jgufs miekuTvneba.

codna es aris konkretuli masalis mexsierebaSi arseboba. es

masala SeiZleba iyos faqtebi, wesebi, procedurebi, terminebi da sxv.


126

masSi igulisxmeba agreTve garkveuli informaciis damaxsovrebisa da

aRdgenis unarebic.

gageba gulisxmobs movlenebis, faqtebis, ambebisa da a.S. saku-

Tari sityvebiT gadmocemis unars, aseve teqstis ZiriTadi azris gad-

mocemis unars.

gamoyeneba es aris aTvisebuli codnis praqtikulad gamoyenebis

unari, kerZod, saazrovno amocanis gadawyvetis xerxis sxva amocanaze

gavrcobis/ gadatanis unari an nimuSis mixedviT davalebis Sesrule-

bis unari.

analizis dros xorcieldeba movlenaTa Semadgenel nawilebad

dayofa, maTi gancalkevebulad ganxilva an maT Soris kavSirebis

dadgena, mizezebis aRmoCena, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis gamovle-

na da sxv.

sinTezi moicavs movlenis calkeuli elementebis an nawilebis

axal struqturul erTeulSi gaerTianebas.

Sefaseba es aris garkveul kriteriumebze dayrdnobiT daskvne-

bis gamotanis unari. kerZod, es aris sakuTari poziciis argumentire-

buli dasabuTeba, teqstis struqturis Sefaseba an gamomxatvelobiTi

formebis Sefaseba da sxv.

testis Sedgenisas mniSvnelovania, rom gaviTvaliswinoT kogni-

turi operaciebis doneebi da monawilis/moswavlis enobrivi kompe-

tenciebi mxolod dabali an mxolod maRali donis operaciebze

dayrdnobiT ar SevamowmoT. sasurvelia testis Sinaarsi moicavdes

yvela donis operacias. Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi (mag., moswavleTa

asakobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebis gamo) SesaZlebelia da-

bali donis kognituri operaciebi ufro didi woniT iyos warmodge-

nili testSi, vidre - maRali donis saazrovno operaciebi. romeli

operaciebi da ra woniT Seadgenen Cveni testis Sinaarsobriv-

meTodologiur CarCos _ amis Sesaxeb winaswar unda iyos miRebuli

argumentirebuli gadawyvetileba. saqme isaa, rom codnis operaciebis

Sesatyvisi testuri davalebebis Sedgena Zalian advilia da xSirad


127

swored aseTi testuri davalebebi gvxvdeba spontanurad, gauazreb-

lad Seqmnil testebSi didi doziT. cxadia, TavisTavad aseTi dava-

lebebis testSi arseboba cudi ar aris, magram mxolod codnaze

orientirebuli testuri davalebebi SesaZlebelia nakleb informaci-

uli aRmoCndes testis mizanTan mimarTebiT. gansakuTrebiT es exeba

enis tests, sadac maRali donis kognituri operaciebis monawileoba

Zalze mniSvnelovania monawilis/moswavlis enobrivi kompetenciiis

obieqturi, sando da validuri SefasebisTvis. qvemoT mogvyavs teqs-

tisa da kognituri operaciebis Sesabamisi testuri davalebebis nimu-

Sebi:

teqsti:

Cemi megobrebi

me bevri megobari myavs. Cemi uaxloesi megobrebi arian aCi da ana. Cven

erT ezoSi vcxovrobT, erTad vTamaSobT, erTad davdivarT skolaSi. Cven

erT klasSi varT.

wina kviras Cveni saxlis win garaJebi aiRes da fexburTis moedani

gaakeTes. bavSvebs Zalian gagvixarda, ubednieresebi viyaviT, ufrosebsac

gauxardaT. marto garaJis patronebi daRondnen.

axla ezoSi fexburTis gundi gvyavs. me da aCi am gundSi varT. ana ar

aris am gundSi, am gundSi mxolod biWebi vTamaSobT.

dRes TamaSi gvaqvs. TamaSi saRamos Svid saaTze iwyeba. dRes dilidan

wvims. Cven diliT vivarjiSeT da axla visvenebT.

me axla fanjarasTan vdgavar da viyurebi gareT da vfiqrob. isev

wvims. gamvlelebi qolgebiT dadian. yvelaferi ruxia, saxlic, moedanic,

gzebic, cac.

me ar miyvars wvimaSi TamaSi, aravis ar uyvars wvimaSi TamaSi. arc

mayurebels moswons aseT amindSi jdoma. is qolgiT an celofniT zis da

mainc sveldeba. dRes wvimam Tu ar gadaiRo, albaT aravin mova stadionze.

TamaSis dawyebamde sami saaTi rCeba. moedani carielia. yvela Tavis

saxlSia Tbilad da iq erToba: uyurebs televizors, kiTxulobs wigns. Cemi

klaselebi albaT ar movlen fexburTze. arc ana mova.

TamaSis dawyebamde erTi saaTi darCa. isev wvims, Zalian wvims. cudi

amindia.


128

stadioni svelia. Cven stadionze mivdivarT. vemzadebiT matCisTvis.

tribunebic ivseba. mayureblebi modian da sxdebian. Cveni megobrebi

ukve movidnen. anac tribunaze zis. me aRar meSinia. ukve momwons wvimaSi Ta-

maSi, ukeTesia, sainteresoa.

TamaSi daiwyo. moedani svelia da sirbili Znelia. Cven xSirad vvar-

debiT miwaze, TamaSis dawyebamde Cven TeTri maisurebi gvecva, axla Cveni

maisurebi Savia. uZnelesi yofila cud amindSi TamaSi.

aCi burTiT Sevarda karSi da daeca.

me gubeSi Camivarda fexi, Tavi ver Sevikave, uaxloes moTamaSes daveci

zed da davagde.

mayurebeli erToba.

dro ise gavida, ver gavigeT.

TamaSis bolos erTi burTi gavitaneT.

Cveni megobrebi ubednieresebi iyvnen. tribunebze xtodnen da gvilo-

cavdnen yviriliT.

TamaSi male damTavrda. erTiT nuli movigeT. mowinaaRmdege gundma

nuliT erTi waago.

saxlebSi svelebi davbrundiT. axla cxeli wyali minda. cxeli wyali

da cxeli Cai.

gareT isev wvims. me saxlSi Tbilad vzivar da aRar vfiqrob wvimaze.

me Cems megobrebze vfiqrob, me Zalian miyvars isini. Cvenze ukeTesi megobrebi

aravis hyavs! Cven erTad gavimarjveT tribunasa da moedanze!

instruqcia: yuradRebiT waikiTxeT teqsti da pasuxi gaeciT

qvemoT moyvanil kiTxvebs.

vin arian aCis uaxloesi megobrebi?

vis gauxarda da vis – ewyina garaJebis aReba?

...

(am tipis davalebebi eqsplicituri informaciis

moZiebaze / martivi kognituri operaciebis Sesru-

lebazea orientirebuli).


129

sanimuSod moyvanili davalebebi SedarebiT maRali donis kog-

nituri operaciebis Sesrulebazea orientirebuli: analizs, sinTezsa

Tu Sefasebas gulisxmobs:

ganmarteT teqstidan monakveTi:

`TamaSis dawyebamde Cven TeTri maisurebi gvecva, axla Cveni maisurebi

Savia~.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

rogor ganmartavT aCis sityvebs:

`Cven erTad gavimarjveT tribunasa da moedanze!~

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

da a.S.

testuri davalebebis Sedgena: xSirad gamoucdel maswavleb-

lebs miaCniaT, rom testuri davalebebis Sedgena Zalian advilia da

maT mier Sedgenili yvela testuri davaleba (kiTxva) kargia. sinamd-

vileSi testuri davalebebis Sedgena Zalian rTuli amocanaa da

umetes SemTxvevaSi pirvel jerze Sedgenili testuri davalebebis

did nawils xelaxali gadamuSaveba da daxvewa sWirdeba, nawili ki

ubralod ar varga da gadasagdebia.

Sedgenili testuri davalebebis pirveladi gadarCevisaTvis

saukeTeso gzaa eqspertuli analizi, raTa testur davalebebSi moi-

Zebnos Secdomebi, uzustobebi da dadgindes, romeli maTgani SiZleba,

rom gamoswordes / gadamuSavdes da romeli unda gadavagdoT. cnobi-

lia, rom testuri davalebebis damwerebs garkveuli emociuri damo-

kidebuleba uyalibdebaT sakuTari namuSevris mimarT da amitom mniSv-

nelovania, rom isini mimReblebi iyvnen kritikis mimarT da saqmis in-


130

teresebidan gamomdinare, pozitiurad Seafason da miiRon kritikuli

SeniSvnebi.

qulebis dawera: roca testur davalebaSi mxolod erTi swori

pasuxia, maSin situacia martivia. magram xSirad saklaso testebSi,

miznidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia misaRebi iyos ramdenime pasuxi.

roca arsebobs alternatiuli swori pasuxebi, romlebic gansxvave-

buli qulebiT unda Sefasdes an SesaZlebelia testuri davalebis

pasuxi nawilobriv sworad CaiTvalos, am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebuli

yuradRebis gamovlenaa saWiro da qulaTa ganawileba meTodolo-

giur safuZvels (Sesafasebeli sagnis/unaris taqsonomias) unda emya-

rebodes.

testuri davalebebis (kiTxvebis) empiriuli gamocda: testis

Sedgenis mniSvnelovani etapia testuri davalebebis gamocda. igi

xorcieldeba saboloo testirebaSi monawile moswavleebis msgavs

jgufze. am gziT xdeba Sefasebis problemebis identificireba. sac-

deli testirebebis safuZvelze xdeba testis sandoobis koeficientis

gamoTvla da dgindeba TiToeuli testuri davalebis gazomvisunaria-

noba.

Tu testireba ise Catardeba, rom ar moxdeba testuri davale-

bebis empiriuli gamocda da winaswari testireba, maSin cxadia, rom

yvela Secdoma da problema, romelic tests, rogorc gazomvis in-

struments gaaCnia, testirebis dros warmoCindeba. es SeiZleba iyos

testis dabali sandooba, Sefasebis araswori sqema/rubrika, qulaTa

miniWebis araadekvaturi sistema, ufunqcio an sulac cudad momuSave

testuri davaleba, proceduruli Secdomebi da sxv. amdenad, aseTi

testis Sedegebi eWvqveS dadgeba, magram ukve dagvianebuli iqneba

testis gadamuSaveba da xelaxali Catareba.


131

5. testuri davalebebis tipebi

testirebaSi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva tipis testuri davalebebi.

arsebobs maTi kategorizaciis sxvadasxva mcdelobac. terminologiis

aRrevis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, Cven daveyrdnobiT erovnuli sas-

wavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier maswavlebelTaTvis Sed-

genil saxelmZRvaneloSi (testuri..., 2009, gv. 20) mocemul kategori-

zacias, mokled warmogidgenT testuri davalebis TiToeuli tipis

daxasiaTebas da moviyvanT magaliTs qarTulis, rogorc meore enis

testidan.

qvemoT ganvixilavT testuri davalebebis Semdegi tipebi:

Sesabamisobis (urTierTmisadagebis);

klasifikaciis;

mravlobiTi arCevanis;

Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis moklepasuxiani;

Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis gavrcobili pasuxis mqone;

Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis teqstis "daxurvis";

Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis winadadebis Sevsebis da dasru-

lebis;

WeSmariteba-mcdarobis;

problemis gadaWraze orientirebuli.

rogori tipisac ar unda iyos testuri davaleba (kiTxva) igi moi-

cavs or ZiriTad nawils. esaa miwodebuli masala (stimulis nawili)

da pasuxis nawili (testuri, 2009, gv. 21). ganvixiloT TiToeuli maT-

gani cal-calke.

miwodebuli masala anu stimuli orgvari SeiZleba iyos: informa-

ciuli da direqtiuli. xolo pasuxis nawili ki imazea damokidebuli,

Tu rogoria testuri davaleba. mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis davale-


132

bebSi arsebobs pasuxTa alternativebi, romelTaganac erTi swori pa-

suxia da danarCeni ki _ araswori pasuxebi anu distraqtorebi. am

tipis davalebebSi pasuxi faqtiurad igive Sefasebis sqema anu rubri-

kaa. masSi warmodgenilia yvela SesaZlo swori pasuxi da yvela Se-

saZlo araswori pasuxi.

miwodebuli informaciuli xasiaTis masala _ es aris teqsti, nawy-

veti, leqsi, romelsac testuri davaleba eyrdnoba an sqema, diagra-

ma, fotosuraTi, naxati, naxazi, grafiki dasxv., romelic amocanis

(testuri davalebis) gadaWris safuZvelia.

miwodebuli direqtiuli xasiaTis masala (stimuli) moicavs wamyvan

winadadebas anu “birTvs”, romelSic miTiTebulia, Tu ra kiTxvas un-

da gasces pasuxi moswavlem an ra tipis davaleba unda Sesrulos man.

faqtobrivad, es aris sakuTriv testuri davalebis kiTxva an davale-

ba.

miwodebuli direqtiuli xasiaTis masala anu wamyvani winadadeba,

Cveulebriv, moicavs iseT sityvebs, rogoricaa, moiZie, amoiwere,

Seafase, Seadare, Seapirispire, moitane argumenti, gaakeTe inter-

pretacia, daamtkice, daasabuTe, moaxdine kategorizacia, moax-

dine klasifikacia, Seqmeni, Seadgine, moigone meTodi, gaakeTe

gegma da sxv.

qvemoT mocemulia testuri davalebis nawilebis nimuSebi.

miwodebuli masalis (stimulis) nimuSebi:

informaciuli xasiaTis masala (stimuli)

ixileT 49-e gverdze warmodgenil nimuSSi mocemuli werili.

direqtiuli xasiaTis masala (stimuli)

mag: `vin aris werilis adresati? vis swers avtori we-

rils?~

pasuxebis nimuSi mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis testuri davalebisTvis:

a. daviTs;


133

b. lias;

g. zaurs;

d. levans.

pasuxebis nimuSi Ria tipis testuri davalebisTvis:

1. `rodis wers werils avtori? (daasaxeleT Tvis romeli

dRea da ricxvi)~

swori pasuxi: --------------Caiweros ---------------

qvemoT mocemulia mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis testuri davaleba, ro-

melSic identificirebulia misi Semadgeneli nawilebi:

nimuSi.

MmravlobiTi arCevanis Semcveli testis davalebis nawilebi

instruqcia enis

SemswavlelebisTvis

waikiTxeT Semdegi nawyveti da upasuxeT qve-

moT motanil kiTxvebs

informaciuli xa-

siaTis masala (sti-

muli)

gamarjoba, Svilo, rogor xar? deda ro-

gor aris? Seni Zma xom ar celqobs?

lia, quTaisSi veRar CamovaRwie. baTumidan

pirdapir samtrediaSi Cavedi, rogorc Sen

mTxove, Seni megobrisTvis saCuqris gadasace-

mad. kargi vqeni, rom Cavedi. mamamisi avad iyo

da miwa hqondaT gasaToxni. ar meubneboda, ma-

gram roca gavige, vuTxari, dagexmarebiT-meTqi.

gvianobamde vimuSaveT da Rame iq darCena momi-

wia. samSabaTs ki zugdidSi wavedi seminarze.

xom ici, 16 ivniss iwyeba seminari da dilis 9

saaTze iq Casvlas ver movaswrebdi. Rame zug-

didSi, Cems ZmasTan davrCebi.

direqtiuli xasia-

Tis masala (stimu-

li - zogadi)

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT teqsti da pasuxi gae-

ciT qvemoT moyvanil kiTxvebs


134

wamyvani winadadeba

anu RerZi/birTvi

vin aris lia daviTisTvis?

pasuxis

variantebi

a. coli

b. Svili

g. da

d. megobari.

gasaRebi anu

swori pasuxi

a. coli

mcdari pasuxis va-

riantebi

b, g da d

testur davalebebs sam msxvil kategoriad yofen; esenia:

1. testuri davalebebi, romlebic pasuxis SerCevas moiTxovs.

am kategoriaSi Sedis

"WeSmariti-mcdari"-s tipis testuri davalebebi, sadac moce-

mulia pasuxis mxolod ori alternativaa mocemuli. testire-

bis monawile/moswavle an adasturebs stimulis nawilSi ga-

moTqmuli debulebis WeSmaritebas (irCevs pasuxs: "sworia") an

uaryofs mas da irCevs pasuxs "ar aris swori". am tipis tes-

turi davalebis dadebiTi mxarea is, rom igi advili Sesadge-

nia da misi interpretaciac advilia. Tumca mas aqvs uaryofi-

Ti mxareebic. kerZod, maTi nakli isaa, rom maRalia swori

pasuxis SemTxveviT gamocnobis albaToba (0.5). amavdroulad,

isini ver afaseben maRali donis kognitur operaciebs.

urTierTmisadagebis testuri davalebebi. urTierTmisadagebis

(Sesabamisobis) tipis testuri davalebebi, sadac moswavlem

testuri davalebis mocemul direqtiul nawilSi mocemuli

principiT garkveul stimulebs unda Seusabamos pasuxebi.

amasTan, pasuxebi SesaZlebelia winaswar gansazRvruli iyos

an moswavles uwevdes maTi moZebna teqstSi an sakuTar gamoc-

dilebaSi/codnaSi (mexsierebaSi). Tu pasuxebi winaswar aris


135

mocemuli, maSin, Cveulebriv, maTi raodenoba aRemateba im

sityvebis raodenobas, romlebic wyvilebs qmnian. am tipis

testuri davalebebi sasargebloa kavSirebisa da mimarTebebis

testirebisaTvis, advilia Sefaseba, advilia am tipis testuri

davalebebis didi raodenobis Sedgena. maTi nakli isaa, rom

rTulia instruqciebis sityvieri formulireba.

mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis testuri davalebebi, sadac

testirebis monawiles moeTxoveba CamoTvlili SesaZlo

pasuxebidan airCios erTi pasuxi, romelic mas sworad miaCnia.

mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom arCeviTpasuxian testur

davalebebSi mxolod erTi pasuxia swori, xolo danarCeni

pasuxebi distraqtorebis rols asruleben. aqve

mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom, Cveulebriv, mravlobiTi

arCevanis tipis testur davalebebSi gamoiyeneba 3, 4 an 5

SesaZlo pasuxi. cxadia, rac ufro metia pasuxebis

alternativebi, miT ufro rTuli xdeba testuri davaleba da

miT ufro mcirdeba swori pasuxis gamocnobis albaToba.

pasuxTa sam alternativiani testuri davalebis swori pasuxis

SemTxveviTad gamocnobis albaToba 33%-s Seadgens, oTx

pasuxianis - 25%-s, xolo xuTi SesaZlo pasuxis SemTxvevaSi

gamocnobis albaToba mxolod 20%-ia. amdenad, rac ufro metia

pasuxTa alternativebi, miT ufro sarwmunoa, rom testuri

davaleba namdvilad moswavlis codnasa da unars zomavs, da

ara mis iRbals. Tumca gamocdilebam aCvena, rom TiTqmis

SeuZlebelia xuTze meti SesaZlo adekvaturi pasuxis

mofiqreba da maTi raodenobis gazrda mxolod xelovnurad

aris SesaZlebeli. es pasuxebi ar funqcionirebs, isini

arafers ar zomaven da, Sesabamisad, sruliad tyuilad

gvakargvineben jer dros maTze fiqriT da Semdgom adgils

testis rveulSi. am tipis testuri davalebebi

mravalferovania - gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva donis kognituri


136

operaciebis gasazomad, maTi gamoyenebisas SeuZlebelia

subieqturi Sefaseba, Tumca Znelia mcdari pasuxis variantebis

formulireba.

klasifikaciis testuri davalebebi, romelSic testirebis

monawiles moeTxoveba testur davalebaSi mocemuli masalis

eqspliciturad an impliciturad mocemuli principiT

kategorizacia. am tipis testuri davalebebi SedarebiT iolia

Sesadgenia, advilia maTi Sefasebac, isini kargad gamoiyeneba

faqtobrivi xasiaTis informaciisa da martivi mimarTebebis

testirebisTvis. maTi uaryofiTi mxarea is, rom isini

SezRuduli kognituri operaciebis Sefasebis saSualebas

iZlevian, radgan ifarglebian faqtebis daxarisxebiT.

2. testuri davalebebi, romlebic pasuxis konstruirebas moiTxovs.

am tipis davalebebs xSirad Ria tipis davalebebs uwodeben

xolme, zemoT ganxiluli testuri davalebebisgan gansxvavebiT,

romlebic pasuxis SerCevas saWiroeben. am ukanasknelT e.w. daxuruli

tipis testur davalebebsac uwodeben. Ria testur davalebebSi

testirebis monawiles moeTxoveba pasuxis konstruireba. aq ar aris

winaswar mocemuli alternatiul pasuxTa CamonaTvali, monawilem

TviTon unda Caweros swori pasuxi. aqedan gamomdinare, swori pasuxis

daStampuli, erTaderTi forma ar arsebobs da SefasebisTvis

gamoiyeneba Sefasebis sqema/rubrika. testuri davalebebi, romlebic

pasuxis konstruirebas moiTxoven, Semdegi tipisaa:

moklepasuxiani testuri davalebebi, sadac erTi an ramdenime

sityviT xdeba pasuxis gacema. aseTi davaleba Cveulebriv

moiTxovs mokle da konkretul pasuxs. am tipis testuri

davalebebi kargad afaseben faqtobriv codnas, advili

Sesadgenia da advili Sesafasebelia, magram gamousadegaria

rTuli kognituri operaciebis Sesafaseblad.


137

testuri davalebebi, romlebic teqstis gamotovebuli

adgilebis Sevsebas da winadadebebis dasrulebas moiTxovs. am

tipis testebSi Cveulebriv mocemulia winadadebebi, romlebic

swori pasuxiT unda dasruldes. swori pasuxis aRmniSvneli

sityva gamotovebulia. aseTi testuri davalebebi Zalian

sasargebloa, mag., enis leqsikuri maragis Sesafaseblad. am

tipis testuri davalebebiT advilia faqtobrivi codnis

Sefaseba, minimumamde dadis gamocnobis SesaZlebloba, isini

advili Sesadgeni da Sesafasebelia, magram isini ver zomaven

maRali donis kognitur operaciebs.

testuri davalebebi, romlebic teqstis "daxurvas" moiTxovs.

am tipis testebSi Cveulebriv mocemulia erTi an ramdenime

winadadeba, sadac gamotovebulia garkveuli sityvebi.

testirebis monawiles moeTxoveba winadadebebis dasruleba an

Sevseba. am tipis testuri davalebebi gansakuTrebiT farTod

gamoiyeneba enobrivi kompetenciebis Sesafaseblad. SesaZlebe-

lia, testur davalebaSi sityvebi ki ar iyos gamotovebuli,

aramed - sityvis TavsarTebi an bolosarTebi. am SemTxvevaSi

moswavles moeTxoveba gamotovebuli adgilebis Sevseba ise,

rom winadadeba gramatikulad gamarTuli iyos. aseTi tipis

testuri davalebebi advili Sesadgenia, kargad zomavs leqsi-

kur marags da gramatikuli wesebis codnas, Tumca dazRveuli

ar aris SemTxveviTi pasuxebisgan.

testuri davaleba, romelic gavrcobil pasuxs moiTxovs (Tema

da ese). aseTi tipis testuri davaleba kandidatisgan moiTxovs

raime Temaze testis teqstSi mocemul informaciaze an saku-

Tar gamocdilebze dayrdnobiTDSeadginos garkveuli argumen-

tirebuli Txzuleba. am tipis testuri davaleba metad Sroma-

tevadia, igi drosa da energias moiTxovs, rogorc testuri

davalebis Semqmnelisagan, aseve testirebaSi monawilisgan.

rogorc zemoT iyo naCvenebi, eses Sefasebis sqema winaswar


138

unda iyos Camoyalibebuli da mkacrad gawerili. amasTan ze-

moT moyvanili nimuSi sulac ar warmoadgens erTaderT swor

Sefasebis sqemas esesa Tu TemisTvis. Sefasebis rubrika damo-

kidebulia imaze, Tu ris Sefaseba gvinda testiT da am kon-

kretuli testuri davalebiT. meore mxriv, eses an Temis dawe-

ras garkveuli dro sWirdeba da, aqedan gamomdinare, testire-

bis specifikaciaSi misTvis adekvaturi dro unda iyos ga-

moyofili. droiTi da sxva argumentebis (mag., standartizebis,

Sefasebis obieqturobis da a.S.) gaTvaliswinebiT, xSirad ase-

Ti testuri davalebis moculoba SemosazRvrulia sityvaTa

raodenobiT, mag., maqsimum 100-150 sityviT. aseTi testuri da-

valebebi iZleva maRali donis kognituri operaciebisa da un-

arebis Sefasebis saSualebas. maTTvis Zneli Sesadgenia Sefa-

sebis rubrika da Zneli da Sromatevadia Sefaseba. ar aris ga-

moricxuli subieqturoba.

problemis gadaWris Semcveli testuri davalebebi, romlebic

SesaZlebelia eses kategoriaSi movaTavsoT, radgan am tipis

davalebaSi Cveulebriv mocemulia erTi sakiTxis Sesaxeb ori

alternatiuli mosazreba da testirebis monawiles moeTxoveba

sakuTaris poziciis dafiqsireba da sakuTari gamocdilebidan

an wakiTxuli masalidan motanili magaliTebiT da argumente-

biT gamyareba. aseTi testuri davalebebic, iseve, rogorc ese

da Tema iZleva maRali donis kognituri operaciebisa da un-

arebis Sefasebis saSualebas. Tumca Zneli Sesadgenia Sefase-

bis rubrika da Zneli da Sromatevadia Sefaseba. igi ar aris

dazRveuli subieqturobisgan.

qvemoT ganxilulia testuri davalebebis nimuSebi:


139

1. WeSmariti-mcdarobis tipis testuri davalebis nimuSi:

daviTi zugdidSi Tavis ZmasTan darCa.

a) sworia

b) mcdaria.

2. Sesabamisobis (urTierTmisadagebis) tipis testuri davalebis

nimuSi:

moZebneT sinonimuri wyvilebi da daakavSireT erTmaneTs isrebiT:

mamaci daasrula

daamTavra guladi

mokurcxla gadaeRoba

win gadaudga gaqusla

an

gaixsene sapirispiro sityva:

• dila .................................

• SuadRe .................................

• adriani ...........................

3. klasifikaciis tipis testuri davalebis nimuSi.

daalageT qronologiuri TanamimdevrobiT, ra ris mere moxda:

a) sadili restoranSi

b) zugdidSi Casvla

g) dmanisis pirveli sajaro skolis direqtoris moxseneba

d) samtrediaSi Casvla

e) zugdidSi ZmasTan gasvla

v) seminaris dawyeba

z) ministris moadgilis gamosvla

1 2 3 4 5 6 7


140

4. mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis testuri davalebis nimuSi:

romel ricxvSi Cavida daviTi lias megobarTan:

a. 13-Si

b. 14-Si

g. 15-Si

d. 16-Si.

5. Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis teqstis "daxurvis" tipis


daurTeT saTanado Tandebulebi saxelebs:

yvelani saxl......... vbrundebiT; am adamian........ yvela kargs am-

bobs; Teatr........ dRes premieraa; saxurav........ karlsoni dabi-

navda; am ambav....... didxans vfiqrobdi; skola........ mivdivar;

Tixis........ WurWeli keTdeba; saxlisa........ wavedi.

an

mocemuli formebidan SearCieT swori forma:

1. me salomesTan ___________________________________.

2. guSin skolaSi ver ___________________________________.

3. xval Sen ___________________________________ skolaSi?

4. naTia marikasTan ___________________________________ da mere

erTad _______________________________ CemTan.

5. sad ___________________________________ guSin Sen da rezo?

6. guSinwin da guSin skolaSi ar _________________________________.

7. sad ___________________________________ Sen da merabi?

midixarT movida waxval

miva waval midian wavsulvar mi-

dis wavedi waxvediT


141

8. sad _____________________ nana? _ is da niniko TeatrSi

_____________________.

9. xval skolaSi ver ____________________________, avad var.

10. nona ____________________? _ ara, jer ar _______________________.

6. Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis moklepasuxiani testuri dava-

lebis nimuSi.

moifiqre wakiTxuli moTxrobisaTvis saTauri.

an

rodis wers werils avtori? (daasaxeleT Tvis romeli dRea da ricx-

vi).

________________________________________________________________________

an

vis moxsenebebs daeswro seminaris pirvel dRes daviTi? CamoTvaleT.

________________________________________________________________________

7. nimuSi testuri davalebisa, romelic carieli adgilis Sevse-

basa da winadadebis dasrulebas moiTxovs:

daasruleT winadadeba:

`giorgim davaleba Seasrula da dafasTan . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis ganvrcobili pasuxis mqone

testuri davalebis nimuSi (mokle Tema da ese)

warmoidgineT, rom wasuli xarT mivlinebaSi kolegasTan erTad.

miswereT werili Tqveni ojaxis wevrs (meuRles, dedas, Svils...);

mouyeviT, sad xarT, visTan erTad, rogori amindia, ras akeTebT

dilas, SuadRisas, saRamoTi; moifiqreT, ras gaakeTebT Tqveni ojaxis

wevrebTan erTad, roca mivlinebidan dabrundebiT.

sityvebis minimaluri raodenoba - 50, maqsimaluri _ 100


142

9. gadasaWreli problemebis Semcveli testuri davalebis nimuSi

gamoxateT sakuTari pozicia mocemul TemasTan dakavSirebiT:

umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebaSi swavlisas saWiroa Tu

ara saSinao davalebebis Sesruleba?


143

6. damatebiTi rCevebi testis SeqmnisaTvis

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, testis Seqmnisas mniSvnelovania

srulad davfaroT saswavlo masala da amisTvis ki aucilebelia

testSi sxvadasxva tipis testuri davalebebis gamoyeneba. isini saSu-

alebas gvaZleven, sxvadasxva gzebiT da wyaroebiT SevagrovoT in-

formacia testirebis monawilis enobrivi kompetenciebis Sesaxeb. ase-

Ti masala ki metad sando da validuria, vidre erTgvarovani testuri

davalebebidan Segrovebuli monacemebi.

testuri davalebebis formulirebisas gaiTvaliswineT, rom

isini Seesabamebodnen moswavleTa klasis, donis an saganmanaTleblo

safexurisTvis dadgenil garkveul standartebs an normebs.

aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia testuri davalebebis sirTulis da

moculobis Sesatyvisoba moswavleTa asakTan da maTi kognituri un-

arebis ganzomilebebTan. gamoiyeneT asakisa da codnis donis adekva-

turi sirTulis ena.

ecadeT, testuri davalebebi, gansakuTrebiT ki davalebis di-

reqtiuli masala martivad, cxadad da mokled iyos formulirebuli;

mravlobiTi arCevanis testur davalebebSi moerideT xelovnur

pasuxebs, ecadeT, SesaZlo pasuxebi bunebrivad JRerdnen; gaxsovdeT,

rom aseTi tipis davalebebSi mxolod erTi swori pasuxi unda iyos;

Ria tipis testur davalebebSi Sefasebis sqema/rubrika unda Seesa-

tyvisebodes Sesatyvisoba testur davalebas da igi maqsimalurad

sruli unda iyos.

daicaviT testuri davalebebis avtonomiuroba, rac imas niS-

navs, rom erTi testuri davaleba ar unda uwyobdes xels sxva tes-

tur davalebaze swori pasuxis gacemas. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, erT

testur davalebaze gacemuli pasuxi ar unda iyos damokidebuli

meore testur davalebaSi nagulisxmev informaciaze. am Tvalsazri-

siT, cudi testuri davalebebis nimuSia Semdeg magaliTi:


144

stimuli (teqsti):

lia, quTaisSi veRar CamovaRwie. baTumidan pirdapir samtredia-

Si Cavedi, rogorc Sen mTxove, Seni megobrisTvis saCuqris gadasace-

mad. kargi vqeni, rom Cavedi. mamamisi avad iyo da miwa hqondaT gasa-

Toxni. ar meubneboda, magram roca gavige, vuTxari, dagexmarebiT-

meTqi. gvianobamde vimuSaveT da Rame iq darCena momiwia. samSabaTs ki

zugdidSi wavedi seminarze. xom ici, 16 ivniss iwyeba seminari da di-

lis 9 saaTze iq Casvlas ver movaswrebdi. Rame zugdidSi, Cems ZmasTan

davrCebi.

miwis Toxna daiwyes:

a. orSabaTs

b. samSabaTs

g. oTxSabaTs

d. kviras.

romel ricxvSi Cavida daviTi lias megobarTan:

a. 13-Si

b. 14-Si

g. 15-Si

d. 16-Si.

teqstis mixedviT, ra dRe iyo 14 maisi:

a. orSabaTi

b. samSabaTi

g. oTxSabaTi

d. kvira.

yvela am davalebaSi sakmaod rTuli logikuri operaciebis

Catarebaa saWiro swori pasuxebis amosacnobad (analizi, sinTezi...).

Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom Tuki erTi maTganis amocnoba moaxerxa enis

Semswavlelma (logikuri operaciebis saSualebiT da ara SemTxveviTi


145

mignebiT), danarCenebisTvis amave operaciebis warmoeba aRar uwevs da,

Sesabamisad, momdevno ori davaleba aRarafers gvaZlevs misi kompe-

tenciebis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT.

amasTanave, testuri davalebebis Sedgenisas moerideT:

rTuli Sedgenili winadadebebis gamoyenebas;

uaryofiT an ormagad uaryofiT winadadebebs;

ramdenime kiTxvis Semcvel direqtiul masalas;

zedmeti, arasaWiro, miznisgan daSorebuli informaciis

Semcvel masalas;

specialur maxeebs, “xrikebs”, “gamoWeras”;

zedmetad literaturul enas an Jargons;

iseT sityvebs, rogoricaa “yovelTvis”, “arasdros”;

sxvadasxva sigrZis pasuxebs.

gamoricxeT:

Secdomebi (SemTxveviTi, teqnikuri);

arasrulad miwodebuli masala;

pasuxis Semcveli masalis miwodeba;

ararsebuli/SeuZlebeli pasuxis micema.


146

7. testirebis monacemebis pirveladi analizi

testis administrirebisa (Catarebisa) da monacemTa Segrovebis

Semdeg xorcieldeba testirebis Sedegebis - empiriuli monacemebis

fsiqometruli analizi testuri davalebebis daxvewis mizniT. amisT-

vis tardeba specialuri fsiqometruli analizi da pirvel rigSi

dgindeba TiToeuli testuri davalebis sirTule da diskriminaciis

indeqsi. sirTule pirvel etapze ganisazRvreba im moswavleTa (kandi-

datTa) procentuli wiliT, romlebmac sworad gaakeTes mocemuli

testuri davaleba. Cveulebriv, testis Semqmnelebi eridebian testSi

iseTi testuri davalebebis gamoyenebas, romlebic Zalian advilia an

Zalian rTulia. mag., Tu Tu testuri davalebas monawileTa TiTqmis

100%-ma gaarTva Tavi an piriqiT _ TiTqmis vercerTma moswavlem ver

gasca swori pasuxi, maSin aseTi testuri davaleba arafers ar zo-

mavs, radgan pirvel SemTxvevaSi Cven mxolod is viciT, rom jgufis

yoveli wevrisaTvis es davaleba Zalian advilia anu yvelas aqvs sak-

marisi codna am davalebis Sesasruleblad, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi

- jgufis yoveli wevrisaTvis es davaleba Zalian rTuli aRmoCnda

anu arc erT moswavles ar aRmoaCnda sakmarisi codna mis gadasawyve-

tad. aseTi testuri davalebebi ver gvexmarebian moswavleTa saseleq-

ciod codnisa da unarebis TvalsazrisiT. arc kriteriumze orienti-

rebuli interpretaciisTvis aris aseTi testuri davalebebi sasar-

geblo, radgan Cven ver vigebT, rogoria sxvaobebi testirebaSi mona-

wile moswavleebs Soris codnisa da unarebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca,

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom am tipis davalebebi karg orientirs war-

moadgens maswavleblisTvis an damwyebi specialistisTvis testuri

davalebebis daxvewaSi.

meore mniSvnelovani Tviseba, romelic testur davalebas unda

hqondes, es aris diskriminaciis unari, romelsac gansazRvraven, ro-

gorc davalebis unars, gaarCios dabali, saSualo da maRali codnis


147

donis mqone moswavleebi erTmaneTisgan. davalebis am unaris gamosaT-

vlelad specialuri fsiqometruli meTodebi gamoiyeneba. analizis

Sedegad dabali diskriminaciis unaris mqone testuri davalebebi sa-

Wiroa an gaumjobesdes, an, ubralod, `gadaiyaros~. Cveulebriv, tes-

turi davalebebis Sedegebis fsiqometruli analizis safuZvelze,

testis damwerebi da sagnis eqspertebi cdiloben, gaaumjobeson tes-

turi davalebebi. testis Seqmnis es etapi sakmaod rTulia da igi

specialur codnasa da gamocdilebas moiTxovs. am etapze xorciel-

deba TiToeuli e.w. "cudi" testuri davalebis detaluri analizi. ga-

nixileba testuri davalebis TiToeuli nawili (stimuli, birTvi, pa-

suxebi); mowmdeba Sinaarsobrivi mxaris siswore, teqnikuri gamarTu-

loba, sastimulo masalis Sesatyvisoba pasuxebTan, swori pasuxisa da

distraqtorebis adekvaturoba, Sefasebis sqemis anu rubrikis adekva-

turoba da sisrule.

amgvarad, sanam saboloo testi Sedgeba, masSi Semavali testu-

ri davalebebi safuZvlianad mowmdeba rogorc sagnis eqspertebis

mier, aseve - fsiqometruladac.

testis Sedegebis analizi rTul fsiqometrul meTodebzea da-

fuZnebuli da igi specialur codnas moiTxovs. Tumca, testirebis

Sedegebis martivi analizi SesaZlebelia saklaso pirobebSic. amitom

qvemoT mokled ganvixiloT testis Sedegebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeble-

bi da monacemTa Sedarebis instrumentebi.

sixSireTa ganawileba testSi monawileTa mier miRebuli qule-

bis (monacemebis) ubralo CamonaTvalia. magaliTad, marTlweris

testSi 19-ma moswavlem daagrova es qulebi: 100, 95, 90, 86, 84, 85, 80, 75,

75, 75, 70, 65, 60, 60, 55, 50, 50, 45, 40. am monacemebis warmodgena SesaZ-

lebelia grafikuladac, mag., histogramis saxiT.

centraluri tendenciis maCvenebeli da standartuli gadaxra.

saSualo, Cveulebriv, jgufis monacemebis saSualo ariTmetikulia.

mis gamosaTvlelad monacemebi unda SekriboT da miRebuli ricxvi

gavyoT monacemebis raodenobaze. magaliTad, Tu marTlweris testSi


148

19 monawilem mTlianad daagrova 1340 qula, saSualo iqneba 1340/19,

anu 70,53. saSualos gamoTvla erT-erTi gzaa jgufis monacemTa cen-

traluri tendenciis Sesafaseblad.

Tumca, jgufSi arsebuli Zalian maRali an Zalian dabali qu-

lebi gavlenas axdens saSualoze da amaxinjebs saerTo suraTs. am

SemTxvevaSi jgufis maCveneblebis centraluri tendenciis Sesafaseb-

lad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sxva sazomebi. esenia mediana da moda. me-

diana aris zrdadobis an klebadobis mixedviT dalagebul monacemTa

ganawilebis Sualeduri ricxvi. zemoT ganxiluli 19 maCveneblis me-

diana aris 75. cxra maCvenebeli ganawilebaSi 75-ze meti an misi tolia

da cxrac masze naklebi. rodesac aris ramdenime Zalian maRali an

ramdenime Zalian dabali maCvenebeli, mediana SeiZleba ukeTesad war-

moadgendes jgufis mTavar tendencias. moda aris is maCvenebeli, ro-

melic yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba. zemoT warmodgenil monacemebSi moda

85-a, radgan igi samjer meordeba.

jgufis monacemebis daxasiaTebisTvis mxolod centraluri

tendenciis sazomi ar aris sakmarisi, radgan SesaZlebelia ori jgu-

fis monacemTa saSualo ariTmetikuli erTnairi iyos, magram maTSi

monacemebi sxvadasxvagvarad iyos ganawilebuli. magaliTad, erTSi

monacemebi mcired gansxvavdebodes saSualo ariTmetikulisgan, xolo

meoreSi ki monacemTa gabnevis diapazoni didi iyos.

standartuli gadaxra gviCvenebs ramdenad gansxvavdeba maCve-

neblebi saSualosgan. rac ufro didia standartuli gadaxra, miT

ufro vrclad aris ganawilebuli maCveneblebi. da piriqiT rac ufro

mcirea standartuli gadaxra, miT ufro axlosaa saSualosTan mona-

cemebi ganlagebuli.

standartuli gadaxris gamoTvla skolis sabazo safexurze is-

wavleba, igi sakmaod advili gamosaTvlelia, magram mas garkveuli

dro sWirdeba. standartuli gadaxris gamoTvlis safexurebia:

1. monacemTa saSualo ariTmetikulis gamoTvla;


149

2. TiToeuli monacemisa da saSualo ariTmetikulis sxvaobis ga-

moTvla;

3. miRebuli monacemebis kvadratebis gamoTvla;

4. miRebuli monacemebis saSualo ariTmetikulis gamoTvla;

5. miRebuli monacemidan kvadratuli fesvis amoReba.

N jgufis qulebis (monacemebis) saSualo ariTmetikulisa da

standartuli gadaxris codna gvexmareba moswavlis monacemis mniSv-

nelobis garkvevaSi. magaliTad, davuSvaT, rom testSi miiReT 60 qula.

es faqti Zalian gagaxarebT, Tu gecodinebaT, rom jgufis saSualo

50-is tolia, xolo standartuli gadaxra 4-s udris. am SemTxvevaSi

Tqveni maCvenebeli saSualoze bevrad maRalia. magram Tu jgufis sa-

Sualo ariTmetikuli igivea, magram standartuli gadaxra 20-is to-

lia, maSin Tqveni monacemi aRar aris iseTi maRali, radgan igi axlos

aris saSualo qulasTan. sakiTxSi ukeT gasarkvevad ganvixiloT nor-

maluri ganawileba da misi maxasiaTeblebi.

normaluri ganawileba. Zalian bevri bunebrivad mimdinare fi-

zikuri, socialuri da fsiqologiuri fenomeni (maT Soris kognitu-

ri) normaluradaa ganawilebuli, rac martivi eniT imas niSnavs, rom

Zalian mcire da Zalian didi monacemebi SedarebiT iSviaTad gvxvdeba,

xolo saSualo monacemebi ki SedarebiT xSirad. magaliTad, Zalian

iSviaTia Zalian Wkviani (geniosi) adamianebi da aseve iSviaTia Zalian

sulelic _ adamianTa umravlesobas saSualo inteleqti aqvs an iS-

viaTia Zalian dabali an Zalian maRali adamianebi, adamianebis umete-

soba saSualo simaRlisaa. igive viTarebaa testirebis drosac, cxa-

dia, rodesac testireba moswavleTa sakmarisad did jgufSi tardeba:

iSviaTad gvxvdeba Zalian dabali an zalian maRali qulebi da mos-

wavleTa umravlesobis qulebi saSualo diapazonSi Tavsdeba. swored

amitom standartuli gadaxra SesaniSnavi gzaa testis Sedegebis ga-

sagebad. gansakuTrebiT gvadgeba maSin, roca Sedegebi normalurad


150

aris ganawilebuli. normalur ganawilebas grafikulad zaris forma

aqvs da igi qvemoT mocemul suraTzea warmodgenili.

normalur ganawilebaSi saSualo, mediana da moda erTmaneTs

emTxveva. amasTanave, monacemTa normaluri ganawilebis SemTxvevaSi

jgufis monacemTa 68% Tavsdeba intervalSi, romelic metia erTi

standartuli gadaxriT saSualo ariTmetikulze da aseve erTi stan-

dartuli gadaxriT naklebia masze. monacemTa 95% Tavsdeba saSualo

aritmetikulidan plius minus ori standartuli gadaxris interval-

Si, xolo monacemTa 99% ki – sami standartuli gadaxris intervalSi.

cxadia, am codnaze dayrdnobiT Cven SegviZlia SevafasoT, ramdenad

kargia testirebaSi miRebuli konkretuli qula. zemoT ganxilul ma-

galiTs Tu davubrundebiT, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom pirvel SemTxveva-

Si Tqveni qula 60 quliT Tqven saukeTeso 2%-Si moxvdiT, xolo meore

SemTxvevaSi ki Tqveni 60 qula saSualoa, radganac aseTi da masze me-

ti monacemi testirebaSi monawile moswavleebis naxevars aqvs.


151

Tavi 4

Sefasebis meTodebi

1. skalebis SemuSavebis meTodebi

gansxvavebul doneTa arseboba gulisxmobs imas, rom unarebi

SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT mxolod erT da ara sxva dones da rom enis

flobis gansazRvruli donis parametrebi miekuTvneba erT

gansazRvrul dones da ara sxvas. yovelive es gulisxmobs garkveuli

erTgvarovani skalis arsebobas. arsebobs ramdenime meTodi, romelTa

daxmarebiT enis flobis parametrebi SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT

gansxvavebul doneebs. es meTodebi SeiZleba davyoT sam jgufad:

intuituri, Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi. enis flobis Sefasebis

arsebul skalaTa umetesoba da doneTa sxva sistemebi SemuSavda

intuituri meTodebis pirveli jgufis erT-erTi Semadgenlis

meSveobiT. saukeTeso midgoma aerTianebs samive meTods imgvarad, rom

maT Seavson da gaaZlieron dadebiTi zemoqmedeba erTi-meoris mimarT.

Tvisebrivi meTodebi gulisxmoben masalis intuitur momzadebasa da

SerCevas, amasTanave, Sedegis intuitur Sefasebas. raodenobrivi

meTodebi unda axorcielebdnen Tvisebrivi meTodebis saSualebiT

winaswar testirebuli masalis aRnusxvas; isini unda Seivsos

Sedegebis intuituri interpretaciiT. amgvarad, doneTa

zogadevropuli sistemis SemuSavebisas gamoyenebuli iqna intuituri,

Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi meTodebis Sexameba..

Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi meTodebis gamoyenebisas SeiZleba

daviwyoT rogorc indikatorebidan, ise qcevis nimuSebidan.


152

indikatorebidan dawyebisas: pirveli amosavali punqti _ unda

iqnes gaazrebuli is, ris aRwerasac vapirebT, xolo Semdeg

movaxdinoT mniSvnelovani kategoriebisTvis aucilebeli

indikatorebis nusxis redaqtireba da Tavmoyra, raTa mivceT maT

Tvisebrivi meTodebis gamoyenebis etapisTvis momzadebis saxe. aseTi

meTodika ufro gamarTlebulia iseTi kategoriis indikatorTa

SemuSavebisas, romlebic saswavlo programaSi Sedis, rogorc

qmedebis komunikaciuri saxeebi, magram igive meTodika SeiZleba

gamoviyenoT enobrivi kompetenciis calkeuli aspeqtebis indikatorTa

SemuSavebis drosac, dawyebiT etapze indikatorebisa da kategoriebis

formulireba iZleva Teoriulad dabalansebuli sistemis

Camoyalibebis saSualebas (dawvrilebiT ix. enaTa flobis... (1), 2008,

gv. 199-201).

qcevis nimuSebidan dawyebisas: alternatiuli midgoma, romlis

drosac indikatorTa sistemis SemuSaveba iwyeba enis flobis donis

Sefasebis mizniT, iwyeba qcevis tipobrivi nimuSebiT. aseTi

midgomisas gamomcdeli afasebs imas, rasac xedaven nimuSebTan

muSaobis procesSi. kerZod, Semfasebeli aRwers SemoTavazebul

nimuSebs. Semdgom es aRwera muSavdeba statistikuri meTodebis

gamoyenebiT, imis gamosavlenad, Tu romeli maxasiaTeblebia sakvanZo

ZiriTadi SefasebisTvis (Tvisebrivi meTodebi). am midgomis

upiratesoba isaa, rom miRebuli aRwera eyrdnoba konkretul

monacemebs.

statistikuri meTodebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT ara mxolod

zogadi skalis SemuSavebisTvis, aramed skalis SemuSavebis

Semdgomac, misi praqtikuli gamoyenebis dasabuTebisa da gadasinjvis

dadgenis aucileblobisTvis.

(dawvrilebiT ix. enaTa flobis... (1), 2008, gv. 199-203).


153

a. intuituri meTodebi

es meTodebi ar moiTxovs monacemTa specialurad organizebul

Tavmoyras, isini efuZneba gamocdilebis interpretacias garkveuli

principebis Sesabamisad.

I. eqsperti: skala iqmneba eqspertTa jgufis mier arsebuli

skalebis, saswavlo programebisa da sxva mniSvnelovani masalebis

safuZvelze. SesaZloa im jgufis moTxovnilebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT,

romlisTvisac es skala muSavdeba. amis Semdeg jgufi axdens skalis

aprobacias da koreqtirebas, dasaSvebia informantebis monawileobac.

II. komiteti: muSaobs iseve, rogorc eqsperti, Tumca aq CarTulia

SemmuSaveblis mcirericxovani da konsultantebis didi jgufi,

romelic axdens SemmuSaveblis mier SemoTavazebuli variantebis

recenzirebas. konsultantebma SeiZleba imuSaon intuiciaze

dayrdnobiT, TavianTi gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, da / an sakuTari

Tavis SemswavlelebTan an urTierTSorisi sametyvelo qcevis

nimuSebis Sedarebis gziT.

III. gamocdilebis gziT: muSaobs iseve, rogorc komiteti, magram

procesi ufro didxans grZeldeba da dasruldeba `erTiani

Tvalsazrisis~ gamomuSavebiT. specialistTa jgufi iziarebs

Sefasebis kriteriumebisa da doneebis sistemis garkveul gagebas.

formulirebaTa dazustebis mizniT SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes

eqsperimentuli pilotireba da misi Sedegebis ganxilva.

gamomcdelebma SeiZleba imsjelon indikatorTa formulirebasa da

enobriv qcevas Soris arsebul mimarTebaze, an imaze, Tu rogor

iwvevs erTis cvlileba meoris cvlilebas. es _ enobrivi

kompetenciis doneTa SemuSavebis tradiciuli saSualebaa (enaTa

flobis... (1), 2008, gv. 200).


154

b. Tvisebrivi meTodebi

es meTodebi gulisxmobs samuSao seqciaTa gamoyenebas

informatebis TanamonawileobiT da miRebuli Sedegebis Tvisebriv da

ara statikur interpretacias.

I. sakvanZo konceptebis formulireba: winaswari skalis Seqmnis

Semdeg yvelaze martivi meTodia _ misi dayofa nawilebad da

informantebisTvis (am skalis momxmarebelTa im jgufis tipobrivi

warmomadgenlebisTvis romlebic gamoiyeneben mas SemdgomSi)

miwodeba, raTa maT (a) ganalagon gansazRvrebebi im TanamimdevrobiT,

romelic maT miaCniaT marTebulad, (b) ganmarton, ratom miaCniaT ase

da mas mere, rac gamovlindeba sxvaoba Tavdapirvelsa da maT mier

SemoTavazebul wyobas Soris. (g) warmoaCinon, romeli sakvanZo

debulebebi exmarebodaT da romeli uSlidaT xels. es meTodi

SeiZleba gavarTuloT, movxsnaT erT-erTi done da SevTavazoT im

xarvezis moZebna, romelic miuTiTebs gamotovebul doneze. aseTi

meTodiT iqna SemuSavebuli skalebi sertificirebisTvis

evrocentrebSi.

II. sakvanZo cnebebi _ enobrivi qceva: indikatorebi Seefardeba

tipur enobriv qcevebs gamoyofil doneebze imgvarad, rom raimes

aRwera Seesabamebodes realurad mimdinare movlenebs. kembrijis

zogierT sagamocdo cnobarSi mocemulia am procesis aRwera

gamomcdelebisaTvis. aq erTmaneTs udardeba sxvadasxva skalis

indikatorTa formulirebebi da is Sefasebebi, rac daimsaxures

konkretulma sagamocdo namuSevrebma. enobrivi testirebis

saerTaSoriso sistemis (IELTS) CarCoSi indikatorTa Seqmnis procesSi

profesional gamomcdelebs sTxoves, ganesazRvraT `tipobrivi

namuSevris nimuSi~ yoveli donisTvis, Semdeg ki gamoevlinaT yoveli


155

namuSevris `sakvanZo Taviseburebebi~. is Taviseburebebi, romlebic

sxvadasxva donisTvis tipobrivad iqneba miCneuli, sabolood

indikatorebSi ganTavseba saTanado msjelobis Semdeg.

III. pirveladi daxasiaTeba: individualuri informatorebi

ganalageben namuSevrebs (rogorc wesi, werilobiTs) garkveuli

TanamimdevrobiT. jgufuri ganxilvisas yvela daxarisxebuli

namuSevari ganlagdeba erTiani TanamimdevrobiT. Semdgom xdeba im

principis gamoyofa, misi gamovlenis aRwera, ris mixedviTac moxda

daxarisxeba. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva im mimarTulebebs,

romlebic yoveli donisTvis individualuria. is, rac iyo aRwerili,

warmoadgens pirvelad daxasiaTebas, swored is gansazRvravs

ganlagebis wesebs. am meTodis nairsaxeobas warmoadgens namuSevrebis

ramdenime wyebad dalageba erTiani rigis nacvlad. am klasikur

midgomasac aqvs Tavisi mravalganzomilebiani sortirebis varianti.

am SemTxvevaSi sakvanZo Taviseburebebis meSveobiT xdeba pirveladi

maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvra. Semdeg xdeba naSromebis sortireba

yoveli pirveladi maxasiaTeblis Sesabamisad. Sedegad vRebulobT

ara erTganzomilebian qolistur skalas erTi pirveladi

maxasiaTeblisTvis (TvisebisTvis), aramed mravalganzomilebian

analitikur skalas ramdenime maxasiaTeblisaTvis.

IV. ori variantidan erT-erTis amorCeva. es aris pirveladi

daxasiaTebis meTodis dadgenis kidev erTi varianti. pirvel etapze

xdeba warmodgenili nimuSebis sortireba ramdenime jgufad, maTi

donidan gamomdinare. Semdeg, doneTa Soris sazRvrebis dadgenis

principi mis Taobaze msjelobisas xdeba sakvanZo maxasiaTeblebis

gamoyofa (ix. meTodi #5). zemoxsenebuli meTodisgan gansxvavebiT,

xdeba yoveli sakvanZo maxasiaTeblis formulireba iseTi kiTxvis

saxiT, romelic gulisxmobs pasuxs: `ki / ara~. amgvarad, yalibdeba


156

binarul opoziciaTa gaSlili struqtura. es struqtura aZlevs

gamomcdels gadawyvetilebis miRebis algoriTms.

V. SedarebiTi mcdelobebi: jgufebi wyvil-wyvilad adareben

sagamocdo namuSevrebs imis gansasazRvrad, Tu romeli maTgania

ukeTesi da ratom. es meTodi iZleva iseTi metaenis Seqmnis

saSualebas, romelic gamoiyeneba enobrivi kompetenciis Sefasebis

dros da emsaxureba yoveli donisTvis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTeblis

gamovlenas. es maxasiaTeblebi Semdeg formulirdeba, rogorc

indikatorebi.

VI. sortireba: mas mere, rac Camoyalibdeba indikatorTa aRweris

pirveladi variantebi, informantebi miiReben winadadebas,

daakompleqton isini im kategoriaTa Sesabamisad, romlebsac isini

aRweren, da / an im doneTa Sesabamisad, romlebsac isini

ganekuTvnebian. informantebs SeuZliaT agreTve daazuston,

moaxdinon indikatorebis redaqtireba da / an sruliad uaryon isini,

agreTve gamoyon mniSvnelovani, mkafio, an sasargeblo indikatorebi.

am meTodikis SemweobiT arCeul iqna indikatorebis saerTo nusxa,

romlis safuZvelze Camoyalibda da redaqtireba gaukeTda aRweriT

skalebs (enaTa flobis... (1), 2008, gv. 201-202).

g. raodenobrivi meTodebi

raodenobrivi meTodebi gulisxmobs miRebuli Sedegebis

mniSvnelovan statistikur analizsa da gamowvlilviT

interpretacias.

I. diskriminantuli analizi: pirvel etapze rigi sagamocdo

namuSevari, romelmac gaiara sortireba (umjobesia gamomcdelTa


157

jgufis mier) gaivlis diskursiul analizs. es Tvisebrivi analizi

gamoavlens da daajamebs sxvadasxva Tvisebrivi maxasiaTeblis

sixSires. Semdeg mravlobiTi regresiis meSveobiT ganisazRvreba, Tu

gamoyofil maxasiaTebelTagan romeli ufro mniSvnelovania masalis

garkveuli donisaTvis misakuTvneblad. es sakvanZo maxasiaTeblebi

SemdgomSi daerTveba yoveli donis indikatoris formulirebas.

II. mravalaspeqtiani skalireba: saxelwodebis miuxedavad, es aris

aRweriTi meTodika, romlis meSveobiTac xdeba calkeuli sakvanZo

maxasiaTeblis gamoyofa da maT Soris mimarTebis gansazRvra.

enobrivi kompetenciis Sefaseba xdeba iseTi analitikuri skalis

meSveobiT, romelic ramdenime kategorias aerTianebs. analizi

aCvenebs, romelma kategoriebma iTamaSes ganmsazRvreli roli

enobrivi kompetenciis gamovlenis saqmeSi, ris Semdegac SeiZleba

SevadginoT diagrama, romelic gamoxatavs kategoriebis

Tanaarsebobas an maT daSorebas erTmaneTisagan. amrigad, es

moTodika gvaZlevs saSualebas, gamovavlinoT da eqsperimentis gziT

SevamowmoT mniSvnelobis mqone kategoriebi.

III. testur davalebaze dafuZnebuli Teoria (tddT) anu

`faruli (latenturi) unarebis / Tvisebebis~ analizi: tddT

gvTavazobs urTierTdakavSirebul ganzomilebaTa anu skalebis

modelebis sistemas (testirebis am midgomaze zemoT ukve iyo saubari

– ix. Tavi 3, aq ki ufro konkretulad ganvixilavT erT-erT pirvel

da yvelaze martiv models, romelsac danieli maTematikosis georg

raSis sapativcemulod raSis modeli ewoda).

tddT warmoadgens albaTobis Teoriis ganviTarebas da

gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad davalebaTa bankSi ama Tu im amocanis

sirTulis gansasazRvrad. Tu Tqveni enobrivi kompetencia

`ganviTarebulia~, maSin martiv SekiTxvebze Tqven mier gacemuli

pasuxis albaToba Zalian maRalia. damwyebisTvis ki swori pasuxis


158

albaToba ganviTarebul doneze metad mcirea. es ubralo faqti

gadatanilia skalirebis meTodSi, romelic raSis modelzea

dafuZnebuli da romelic SemdgomSi gamoiyeneba erTi skalis

farglebSi punqtebis erTgvarovnebis uzrunvelsayofad. am midgomis

Semdgomi ganviTareba iZleva misi gamoyenebis saSualebas rogorc

komunikaciur CvevaTa xasiaTis mqone indikatorTa skalirebisaTvis,

aseve testuri davalebebis Sesasruleblad.

raSis meTodikiT analizisas, sxvadasxva testuri davaleba an

kiTxvari SeiZleba gardaiqmnas uwyvet jaWvad `Ruzis elementebis~

gamoyenebis wyalobiT, romlebic saerToa erTmaneTTan axlos mdgomi

doneebisTvis. qvemoT moyvanil sqemaSi aRniSnuli `Ruzis elementebi~

nacrisfradaa Seferili. amgvarad, davaleba SeiZleba miesadagos

moswavleTa individualur kategoriebs da, amasTanave, darCes

erTiani skalis im SemswavlelTa SedegebisTvis, vinc agrovebs

qulaTa maqsimalur an minimalur raodenobas sxvadasxva doneze.

raSis meTodiT analizis upiratesoba isaa, rom igi iZleva iseTi

skalirebis miRebis saSualebas, romelic analizisTvis gamoyenebuli

testis an testuri davalebebis / kiTxvarebis konkretul Sedegebze

araa damokidebuli. miRebuli skalis mniSvnelobebi rCeba ucvleli

Semdgomi testirebisTvis im pirobiT, rom am testirebis obieqtebi

SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc axali jgufebi mosaxleobis imave

statistikuri jgufis farglebSi. droTa ganmavlobaSi skalaTa

mniSvnelobis sistematuri cvlilebebi (magaliTad, saswavlo

testi A

testi B

testi C


159

programis Secvlis an gamomcdelTa momzadebis gamo) SeiZleba

ricxobrivad iqnes gamoxatuli da gaTvaliswinebuli.

indikatorTa skalirebis mimarT raSis meTodiT analizi

SeiZleba nairgvarad gamoviyenoT:

(a) Tvisebrivi meTodebiT miRebuli monacemebi SeiZleba

aRiweros raSis meTodis moSveliebiT ariTmetikuli skalis saxiT.

(b) SeiZleba SemuSavdes testebi imisTvis, rom gamartivdes iseT

indikatorTa praqtikuli gamoyeneba, romlebic aRweren enis codnas,

kerZod ki sagamocdo davalebaSi. am davalebaTa skalireba SeiZleba

Catardes raSis meTodis saSualebiT da maTi mniSvnelobebi mocemul

skalaSi gamoxataven calkeuli indikatoris siZneles.

(g) indikatorebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes rogorc kiTxvaris

punqtebi maswavleblis mier Tavisi moswavleebis Sefasebis mizniT

(SeuZlia mas x davalebis Sesruleba?). amgvarad, indikatorebi

SeiZleba davayenoT erT yaidaze da ganvalagoT ariTmetikul

skalaze imgvarad, rogorc es xdeba davalebaTa bankSi davalebaTa

siZnelis mixedviT klasificirebisas.

skalaTa SemuSavebis garda, raSis meTodi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT

imis dasadgenad, Tu rogor xorcieldeba miRebuli Sefasebis

skalebis praqtikuli gamoyeneba. es iZleva arazusti formulirebebis

dazustebis, gamoyenebul skalaTa monakveTebis sididisa da maTi

gadaxedvis saSualebas (enaTa flobis... (1), 2008, gv. 202-203).


160

Tavi 5

bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesis Sefaseba

1. bilingvuri / multilingvuri ganaTlebis arsi da

Sefasebis mniSvneloba

multilingvalia pirovneba, romelsac or an met enaze SeuZlia

laparaki. Tumca, imis gansazRvra, Tu vin aris bi/multilingvali da

vin _ ara, gacilebiT ufro rTulia, vidre SeiZleba Tavidan

mogveCvenos. multilingvizmis definicia SesaZlebelia

warmomavlobis, komperenturobis, funqciebisa da identifikaciis

kriteriumebze dayrdnobiT. umeteswilad definiciisTvis mTavar

kriteriumad gamoiyeneba mravalenovani pirovnebis lingvisturi

kompetenciebi.

multilingvizmis definiciebi:

`.,,multilingvizmi - ori an meti enis mSobliuri enis doneze floba.~

`...aqtiuri, ori an meti enis sruliad erTnair doneze floba.~

`...sruliad sxvadasxva ori (an meti) enis codna lingvistur

procesebSi erTmaneTis xelis SeSlis gareSe.~

`...bilingvizmi iwyeba maSin, roca erTi enis momxmarebels

dasrulebuli da Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT srulyofili azris

gamoTqma SeuZlia meore enaze.~

`ori (an meti enis alternatiuli gamoyenebis gamocdilebas SeiZleba

vuwodoT bilingvizmi da am praqtikis momxmarebels -

multilingvali.~

`multilingvizmad unda CaiTvalos ori an meti enis alternatiuli

gamoyeneba, Tu amas erTi individi akeTebs.~


161

...multilingvalia adamiani, `romelic, situaciaTa umravlesobaSi,

komunikaciis saSualebad Tavisuflad iyenebs or an met enas da,

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlia erTidan meore enaze gadasvla”.

`multilingvalad SeiZleba CaiTvalos bavSvi, romelsac Tavis mier

Semofarglul enobriv da socialur garemoSi esmis yvelaferi da

agebinebs yvelafers (asakisa da situaciis Sesabamisad, romelSic igi

imyofeba).~

`mosaubre ar unda gamoirCeodes sazogadoebisgan, romelSic meore

enas xmarobs, sxvebma igi mSobliur enaze molaparaked unda aRiqvan.~

`namdvili multilingvalia pirovneba, romelsac ori sxvadasxva,

enobrivad daaxloebiT erTnairi, socialuri da kulturuli donis

mqone jgufi Tavisianad miiCnevs.~ (ix. bilingvuri ganaTleba, 2010, gv.

9-10).

Tavad terminidan gamomdinare, naTelia, rom, martivad, biling-

vizmi or enasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs gulisxmobs. Tumca, rogori

interpretaciac ar unda mieces termins - `bilingvali~ - oris enis

floba arcTu ise iolia... mniSvnelovania gavmijnoT bilingvizmi, ro-

gorc individualuri da rogorc jgufuri an socialuri fenomeni.

rasakvirvelia, individualur da jgufur bilingvizms Soris mniSv-

nelovani kavSiri arsebobs: arsebobs araerTi magaliTi, roca ada-

mianma icis ori ena, Tumca iyenebs mxolod erTs; an iyenebs yovel-

dRiur cxovrebaSi or enas, Tumca erT-erT enaSi SesaZloa gaaCndes

SezRuduli enobrivi kompetencia. ufro metic, SeiZleba adamianisTvis

sasaubro ena iyos erTi, xolo kiTxvisa da werisTvis iyenebdes meore

enas. Sesabamisad, rodesac vsaubrobT enaze, mniSvnelovania gavmijnoT

enis flobis unari da enis gamoyeneba (beikeri, 2010, gv. 2-3). Sesabami-

sad, rodesac bilingvalis enobrivi kompetenciebis Sefasebas vaxdenT,

imTaviTve unda ganisazRvros, raze vakeTebT aqcents...

bilingvuri ganaTlebis erT-erTi umTavresi principia _ ar

moxdes enobrivi kompetenciebis amaRleba sagnobrivi kompetenciebis

xarjze; sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, meore enis dauflebaSi warmateba


162

calsaxad ar niSnavs imas, rom bilingvuri ganaTlebis mocemuli

programa warmatebulia. magaliTad, SesaZloa, romelime `Zlieri~

saskolo bilingvuri ganaTlebis programis pirobebSi moswavlem maR-

al doneze Seiswavlos meore (aramSobliuri) ena, Tumca sagnobrivi

kompetenciebis TvalsazrisiT, dabali qulebi daimsaxuros... aseT

SemTxvevaSi aucileblad sakvlevia, es moxda xsenebuli programis

xarvezebis gamo Tu mizezi sxvaa (mSobliur enaze swavlebis pirobeb-

Sic amgvari Sedegi iqneboda)...

Sefasebisas aqcenti aseve keTdeba bilingvalebis meore enis

kompetenciaze da ar fasdeba is mniSvnelovani warmatebebi da

upiratesobebi, rac bilingvizms axlavs Tan (magaliTad, iseTi

faqtorebi, rogoricaa interpersonaluri unarebi _ informaciis

mopovebisa da interpretirebis unari, kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi

azrovnebis unari, pasuxismgeblobis aRebisa da ganawilebis,

solidarobisa da a.S. unarebi (ix. beikeri, 2010).

bilingvuri ganaTlebis mTeli procesis (bilingvali

Semswavlelis enobrivi kompetenciebi, bilingvuri programebis

Sefaseba, bilingvuri sagakveTilo procesi, Semswavlelis/moswavlis

sagnobrivi kompetenciebi, sxva eqstra-faqtorebi, romlebzec zemoT

iyo saubari...) adekvaturad, yvela aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT

Sefasebas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba. rogorc mxolod

kategorizacia ver asaxavs bilingvizmis srul suraTs, ise

bilingvizmis gazomvisa da Sefasebis mcdelobac warumatebeli iqneba

sruli suraTis warmosaCenad....


163

2. orenovnebis (bilingvizmis) Sefaseba

bilingvizmis Sefaseba SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva mizniT

ganxorcieldes. qvemoT ganvixilavT bilingvalebis Sefasebis

ramdenime mizans da am miznebs Soris arsebul Tanxvedris wertilebs.

bilingvalebis Sefasebis magaliTia mosaxleobis aRwerisas

moTxovnili informacia ori enis gamoyenebis unaris Taobaze

(magaliTad aSS, kanada, irlandia, israeli). aRniSnuli monacemi

mkvlevars aZlevs informacias bilingvalebis raodenobisa da

(gadanawilebis) Sesaxeb konkretul geografiul arealSi. am

monacemebze dayrdnobiT, SesaZlebelia, magaliTad, geografiuli

rukis Sedgena ama Tu im qveyanaSi Tu regionSi umciresobaTa

jgufebis gansaxlebisa da maTi proporciebis Sesaxeb (uiliamsi, 2004).

bilingvalebi SeiZleba gamovyoT, rogor calke jgufi

seleqciis mizniT. magaliTad, SesaZlebelia, skolas surdes bavSvebis

dajgufeba klasebSi ori enis flobisa da maTi enobrivi fonis

Sesabamisad. bilingvalebi SeiZleba SevarCioT specialuri

saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebis klasisTvis. analogiurad,

samecniero kvlevis miznisTvis SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes kvlevaSi

monawileTa or an 3 jgufad dayofa (magaliTad, dabalansebuli

bilingvalebi, nawilobrivi bilingvalebi da monolingvalebi).

bilingvalebis Sefaseba

rogorc zemoT iTqva, enis flobis Sefaseba ZiriTadad ori

tipis testebis meSveobiT xdeba. pirveli gaxlavT normaze

dafuZnebuli testebi, romlebsac Semajamebeli / saboloo

Sefasebisas iyeneben da meore gaxlavT kriteriumze dafuZnebuli

Sefaseba, romelic mimdinare (formatuli) tipis Sefasebas

ganekuTvneba (ix. Tavi, I).


164

bilingvalebis SemTxvevaSi, kriteriumze dafuZnebul

testirebas aqvs upiratesoba normaze dafuZnebul testirebasTan

mimarTebiT, radgan is ar iyenebs Sedarebis princips. Tumca, normaze

dafuZnebuli testirebisas SesaZlebelia bilingvalis Sedareba

moxdes monolingvalTan, rac Tavad bilingvuri swavlebis procesis

SefasebisTvis da misi upiratesobisTvis xazgasasmelad zogjer

aucilebelia.. am SemTxvevaSi normad ganisazRvreba mSobliur enaze

mosaubre, rac, araerTi mecnieris azriT, usamarTlo da

aravaliduria (frederiqsoni da kline, 1996, kuki, 2002, grosieni 1985,

1994; ix. beikeri, 2010).

kriteriumze dafuZnebuli testirebisas ki mowmdeba moswavlis

unarebi dawesebul standartTan mimarTebiT da, Sesabamisad, TiTqos

gamoiricxeba usamarTlo Sedareba bilingvalsa da monolingvals

Soris, Tumca, praqtikulad, kriteriumze dafuZnebuli testebis

Sedegebis gamoyenebac SeiZleba moxdes SedarebisTvis (magaliTad,

mSobliur enaze mosaubreTa da bilingvalebis maCveneblebis

Sedareba, sxvadasxva asakisa da skolis moswavleTa maCveneblebis

Sedareba).

bilingvali bavSvebis specialur saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis

mqone moswavleTa programebze gadanawileba efuZneba garkveul

Sefasebas. testebi xSirad ar aris akuratuli da ZiriTadad

emsaxureba moswavlis meore enaSi kompetenciis Semowmebas an enobrivi

umciresobis moswavleTaTvis misTvis sust enaze testirebas.

sakananonmdeblo bazis Secvlis, kvlevebisa da mecnierebis mier

gakeTebuli araerTi rekomendaciis miuxedavad, enobrivi umciresobis

moswavleebi diskriminirebulni arian testirebisa da Sefasebis

arsebuli sistemis pirobebSi. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania, ganvixiloT

is faqtorebi, romlebic ganapirobebs Sefasebis mikerZoebulobas da

am sistemis gamosworebis alternatiul gzebze vimsjeloT. am mxriv

kolin beikeri ramdenime rekomendacias gvTavazobs:


165

mniSvnelovania gaimijnos moswavlis droebiTi da xangrZlivi

problemebi. magaliTad, imigranti bavSvis enobrivi Seferxeba

droebiT siZneles warmoadgens, romelic male daiZleva. xolo,

disleqsia, smenis dakargva, maRali neirocitizmi da sxva daavadebebi

aris ufro seriozuli da xangrZlivi problemebisa da siZneleebis

gamomwvevi da, Sesabamisad, maT dasaZlevad ufro xangrZlivi da

gansxvavebuli intervenciuli RonisZiebebis gatarebaa saWiro

(beikeri, 2010, gv. 355).

specialuri saWiroebebis diagnozireba unda gascdes mxolod

testirebis Sedegebs da Sefasebis ufro farTo da mravalmxrivi

meqanizmebiT unda moxdes. bavSvebis sxvadasxva konteqstSi dakvirveba

(klasSi da gareT), agreTve moswavlis ojaxis, Temis da kulturis

Seswavla moswavlis ufro marTebuli profilis Seqmnis

SesaZleblobas iZleva. mniSvnelovania, rom Sefaseba moaxdinos

multidisciplinarulma gundma da multidisciplinaruli gundis

mravalmxrivi Sefasebis meTodebiT gakeTebuli daskvna ufro metad

relevanturia.

moswavleTa SefasebisTvis da Sedegebis interpretaciisTvis

mniSvnelovania moswavleTa ojaxis, Temis, kulturis da

individualuri maxasiaTeblebis gaazreba. moswavleebi skolaSi

modian ojaxebidan, sadac swavla/swavlebis procesi gansxvavebulad

aRiqmeba. magaliTad, TamaSiT, SekiTxvebis dasmiT, dakvirvebiTa da

aRmoCenebiT swavla ar aris misaRebi zogierTi kulturisTvis. am

kulturaSi gavrcelebulia avtoritaruli swavlebis stili, sadac

bavSvs evaleba daimaxsovros ufrosis mier naswavlebi, magaliTad

`saRvTo wigni~ (beikeri, 2010, gv. 355); saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSic

xSirad irRveva kulturuli (metwilad – religiuri) gansxvavebisadmi

pativiscemis principi: aris skolebi, romlebSic maswavleblebi

kategoriulad moiTxoven qristianuli datvirTvis mqone

literaturis aTvisebas, rac, rasakvirvelia, musulmanTaTvis

miuRebeli da diskomfortulia...


166

mniSvnelovania moxdes testirebis Sedegebis dekonteqstualiza-

cia. testirebis sistemis rukis Sedgenis Sedareba iZleva TvalnaTel

suraTs. rukis Sedgenisas xdeba rukaze ama Tu im adgilis martivad

datana, xolo rukaze datanili obieqtebis Sesaxeb naklebi

informaciaa. magaliTad, adgili, romelic usayvarlesia SenTvis,

radgan aris ulamazesi tba da Tvalwarmtaci buneba _ es adgili

gamorCeulia. Tumca, rukaze is datanilia ubralod, rogorc tbisa

da, zogadad, bunebis silamaze da sxva mniSvnelovani Tvisebebi ar

Cans. analogiurad, testireba ver aCens moswavlis Rrma da farTo

maxasiaTeblebs da mxolod zedapirul suraTs iZleva bavSvis

monacemebis Sesaxeb (ix. beikeri, 2010, gv. 355).

SemfasebelTa SerCeva ganapirobebs Sefasebis Sedegebs.

Sefasebaze gavlenas moaxdens, Tuki Semfasebeli aris maRali donis

profesionali da, amave dros, warmoadgens Sesafasebeli moswavlis

enobriv jgufs. Semfaseblis asaki, sqesi, socialuri klasi,

Zalaufleba _ aseve ganapirobebs moswavlis pasuxebs da Sefasebis

Sedegebs. Sefaseba ar aris neitraluri procesi. SemfasebelTa

araswori SerCeva ori tipis xarvezs iwvevs Sefasebisas bilingval

bavSvebTan mimarTebiT: (1) problemis dadgena, roca realurad

problema ar arsebobs; (2) problemis verSemCneva misi arsebobis

pirobebSic ki (beikeri, 2010, gv. 356).

moswavlis Sefaseba unda moxdes moswavlisTvis ufro `Zlier~

enaSi, anu, romelsac ukeTesad flobs. Sefaseba, romelic tardeba

moswavlis `sust~ enaSi, xels uwyobs araswori diagnozis dasmas;

mSoblebi da maswavleblebi darwmunebulni unda iyvnen, rom

testebSi gamoyenebuli ena Sesabamisia. magaliTad, Tu testi

naTargmnia qarTulidan somxurad, SeiZleba Targmanis gamo araerTi

uzustoba gaiparos testSi, rac asaxvas hpovebs testebis Sedegebze.

amasTanave, gasaTvaliswinebelia enaTa saxesxvaobebi, magaliTad,

somxur enas gaaCnia saxesxvaobebi da SesaZlebelia testebi iyos

somxur saliteraturo enaze _ erTi SexedviT, moswavlis mSobliur


167

enaze. magram somxuri enis saxesxvaoba, romelic warmoadgens

moswavlis realur mSobliur enas (javaxeTSi somxuris erT-erT

gavrcelebul dialeqtze saubroben), ar iZleodes saSualebas,

Sefasdes moswavleTa realuri Sedegebi. Tuki testebSi moswavleTa

enobrivi kompetenciebis problemebi ikveTeba, mniSvnelovania

gaimijnos bavSvis enobrivi profili da enobrivi performansis

profili, romlebic xSirad erTmaneTs ar emTxveva (kuminsi, 1984).

performansis profili gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, radgan aq

warmoCindeba moswavlis kognituri unarebic da ara mxolod enobrivi

kompetenciebi.

mniSvnelovani problemaa testirebisas mxolod moswavleze

fokusireba. testirebis Sedegebidan Cans, TiTqos mxolod moswavlea

damnaSave. mniSvnelovania, fokusma gadainacvlos bavSvisgan

skolisken. iqneb warumateblobis mizezi swored skolaa, romelic ar

sTavazobs moswavles mSobliur enaze swavlebis saSualebas da,

Sesabamisad, codnisa da unarebis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebs?

Sesabamisad, aseT situaciaSi gamosavali iqneba ara moswavlis

specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebis (sssm)

programaSi gadayvana, aramed skolis filosofiis Secvla.

sazogadod, testirebam SesaZloa gamoiwvios bilingvali bavSvis

daZabuneba misi gaZlierebis nacvlad (kuminsi 1984). Sefasebam

SeiZleba gamoiwvios moswavleTa kategorizacia warmatebul da

CamorCenil moswavleebad da potencialis mqone moswavlis

Tavdajerebulobac ki minimumade daiyvanos, ramac asaxva SeiZleba

hpovos misi Semdgomi swavlis procesze da maTi saboloo

marginalizacia gamoiwvios; es uaRresad sensitiuri procesia da

pedagogs didi sifrTxile hmarTebs. mniSvnelovania bavSvis

maswavleblis poziciis mosmena Sefasebisas. maswavlebeli metad

icnobs moswavles da sainteresoa misi mosazreba, Tu ra aris

moswavlis akademiuri problemebis mizezi, ra gadawyvetisa da

intervenciis gzebia saWiro problemis mosagvareblad da a.S.


168

bilingvalebis testireba, sazogadod, gavrcelda

monolingvalebis testirebaze dafuZnebiT. Tumca, amTaviTve unda

iTqvas, rom bilingvalebis enobrivi kompetencia gansxvavebulia,

radgan enas bilingvalebi sxvadasxva konteqstSi gamoiyeneben da

sxvadasxva situaciaSi maTi enobrivi kompetencia gansxvavebulia.

Sesabamisad, bilingvalebisa da monolingvalebis Sedareba enobrivi

kompetenciebis TvalsazrisiT usamarTloa. amasTanave, rogorc wesi,

testebi Sedgenilia dominanti kulturis warmomadgenlebis mier da,

Sesabamisad, kulturulad mikerZoebulia, radgan umravlesobis

enobriv stilsa da kulturas gamoxatavs. testebis umravlesoba

gulisxmobs ramdenime arCevanidan swori pasuxis SerCevas. msgavsi

testebisas SeuZlebelia sxvadasxva enobrivi unarebis Sefaseba,

salaparako / sasaubro ena ver fasdeba msgavsi tipis testirebis

gziT.

normaze dafuZnebuli testi adarebs erT moswavles sxvasTan.

bilingval bavSvTan mimarTebiT ki gacilebiT mniSvnelovania am

bavSvis codnisa da unarebis Semowmeba TiToeul saganSi, vidre maTi

Sedareba sxva moswavleebTan. Sesabamisad, alternatiuli midgomaa

bavSvis progresis Sefaseba saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvrul sagnebSi.

msgavsi testebi ufro mniSvnelovan informacias iZleva mSoblisTvis,

iseve, rogorc maswavleblisTvis, radgan TvalnaTels xdis, ras ver

miaRwia moswavlem konkretul saganSi (magaliTad, maTematikaSi) da

saswavlo procesSic aqcentireba ukve amis mixedviT keTdeba.

amasTanave, aRsaniSnavia, rom kriteriumze dafuZnebuli testebic ar

aris dazRveuli kulturuli mikerZoebulobisagan.


169

3. meore enis Sefaseba bilingvur gakveTilze

B bilingvuri swavlebis procesis Sefasebisas gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba eqceva Tavad swavlebis processa (formatuli Sefaseba) da

Sedegebs (Semajamebeli Sefaseba). amisaTvis gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva

xerxi, kerZod: dakvirveba, interviu, testebi da sxva. producirebis

unarebis Sefaseba gulisxmobs pasuxs Semdeg kiTxvebze:

ra informaciis / sametyvelo funqciis gamoyeneba SeuZliaT

mSobliur da meore enaze moswavleebs SecdomebiT Tu uSec-

domod (dasaxuli amocanebis Sesrulebis Sefaseba)?

visTan _ maswavleblebTan, TanatolebTan da stumrebTan _

SeuZliaT urTierTqmedeba (komunikaciis problema)?

rogoria maTi lingvisturi unarebi (enobrivi konstruqciebis

aTvisebis donis Sefaseba da ara Secdomebis aRnusxva)?

SemfasebelTa amocanebSi unda Sediodes saswavlo procesis

analizi (dakvirveba klasSi), maswavleblis / moswavleebis /

mSoblebis urTierTobebi, saswavlo masalebi, aseve moswavleTa

kompetenciebis testireba (formatuli / Semajamebeli). klasSi

dakvirvebisas yuradReba unda mieqces ara marto moswavleebis, aramed

maswavleblis qcevasac: ra gavlenas axdens is moswavleebze da rodis

da rogor iyenebs enebs? rogor qmnis motivacias? rogor reagirebs

Secdomebze? Secdomebis gasworebis rogor formebs iyenebs:

modelirebas (swori formis Tanamimdevruli da xSiri gameoreba

Secdomebis pirdapiri Sesworebis gareSe) Tu xelaxla formulirebas

(moswavlis SecdomiT naTqvamis sworad da gasagebad formulireba)?

rogor aris organizebuli saswavlo procesi?

moswavleTa progresis Sesafaseblad bilingvur skolaSi

yuradReba unda mieqces maT miRwevebs saganSi. bilingvur skolaSi

moswavles xuTi weli mainc sWirdeba imisaTvis, rom igi daeuflos


170

meore enas sagnebis Sesaswavlad. Aam xangrZlivobis gamo moswavles

SeiZleba gauCndes sakuTari ususurobis gancda, Camouyalibdes

dabali TviTSefaseba. am problemis gadasawyvetad arsebobs ori gza:

pirveli _ bilingvuri klasis moswavleTa Sefaseba specialurad

maTTvis Sedgenili standartebis mixedviT. am midgomam SeiZleba

mSoblebisa da sagnebis maswavlebelTa gansakuTrebuli daintereseba

gamoiwvios, radgan maTi survilia, moswavlis Sedegebi Seesabamebodes

saxelmwifo standarts. amis gamo aucilebeli xdeba Cveulebrivi

skolebisaTvis gankuTvnili testebis gamoyeneba. Mmagram, amasTan,

unda vifiqroT testebSi garkveuli cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb.

magaliTad, aseTi SeiZleba iyos orenovani testi. aseve SeiZleba

moswavleebs mieceT damatebiTi dro, neba davrToT, isargeblon

leqsikonebiT an gavumartivoT testuri davalebebis pirobebi.

vafasebT ra bilingvur programebs, ar unda SemovifargloT

mxolod enobrivi unarebis SefasebiT. unda Sefasdes Sinaarsi, mizani

da meTodika.

qvemoT gTavazobT Sesafasebel obieqtTa savaraudo

CamonaTvalis cxrils:

moswavleTa Sefaseba bilingvuri swavlebis

komponentebis Sefaseba

bilingvuri modelis

Sefaseba

ras

vafasebT?

kompetencias

mSobliur enaSi;

kompetencias sa-

ganSi;

kompetencias

meore enaSi;

motivacias;

sxva kompetenciebi

(kognituri unare-

bi, socialuri un-

arebi, sxva sas-

wavlo una-rebi);

swavlebis meTodika;

saswavlo Sinaarsi;

maswavlebelTa ur-

TierToba moswavle-

ebTan.

modelis efeq-

turoba;

bilingvuri

swavlebis mas-

wavlebelTa

momzadeba.


171

vin

afasebs?

maswavleble-bi;

saatestacio /

saga-mocdo

komisia.

damkvirvebelTa jgufi.

gare monitor-

ingis jgufi.

mizani moswavleTa

Zlieri da susti

mxare-ebis

gamovlena;

standartis Sede-

gebis miRweva;

informacia mSo-

belTaTvis;

SerCeva.

xarisxis kontroli;

masalebis gadamuSa-veba;

maswavlebelTa mom-

zadebis done.

gadawyvetilebis

miReba modelis

SenarCuneba /

arSenarCunebaze,

ganviTarebaze.

rogor

vafasebT?

kiTxvarebi;

testebi;

interviu;

dakvirveba.

interviu;

dakvirveba klasSi

Catarebul samuSa-

oebze;

zepirmetyvelebis

analizi;

saswavlo masalebis

analizi.

saswavlo prog-

ramebis anali-

zi;

kiTxvarebi;

kvlevebi.

bilingvuri saswavlo procesis Sefasebisas gansakuTrebul

mniSvnelobas iZens gakveTilis Sefaseba. gakveTilis Sefasebisas,

rekomendebulia, rom maswavleblebma upasuxon Semdeg kiTxvebs:

miRweuli iyo Tu ara gakveTilis miznebi?

SerCeuli strategiebis saSualebiT ramdenad moxerxda

gakveTilis winaSe dasmuli amocanebis (rogorc sagnobrivi, ise

enobrivi) gadaWra?

Seesabameba Tu ara gakveTilisaTvis gamoyofili drois

gadanawileba moswavleTa realur SesaZleblobebs,

saWiroebebsa da moTxovnebs?


172

rogor gamoiyeneben moswavleebi gakveTilze miRebul codnas

momavalSi?

ra enobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas Seuwyo xeli

gakveTilma?

ra SeiZleboda gakeTebuliyo sxvagvarad?

bilingvur gakveTilze mniSvnelovania imis gansazRvra, Tu ra da

rogor SeiZleba Sefasdes enis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT.

imisaTvis, rom maswavleblebma ukeT gaiazron bilingvur gakve-

Tilze Sefasebis sagani da saSualebebi enis gamoyenebis kuTxiT,

gTavazobT gakveTilebis scenarebis nimuSebs TandarTuli rekomen-

daciebiT SefasebisaTvis.


173

I klasi

sagani: buneba

Tema: frinvelebi da cxovelebi.

akademiuri miznebi: SeuZlia cxovelebisa da frinvelebis garCeva,

maTi amocnoba naxatze.

enobrivi miznebi: icis cxovelebisa da frinvelebis dasaxeleba da

ilustraciaze dayrdnobiT martivi kiTxvebis dasma? ra cxovelia? ra

frinvelia?

leqsika: cxovelebi, frinvelebi, daTvi, ZaRli, kata, Rori, cxeni, bu,

mamali, qaTami, arwivi...

socialuri miznebi: SeZlebs aqtiur mosmenas, monawileobas.

provocireba: maswavlebels gakveTilze Seaqvs cxovelebisa da frin-

velebis winaswar gamzadebuli suraTebi / naxatebi, akravs dafaze.

aqtivobebi: 1) moswavleebi mSobliur enaze asaxeleben naxatze moce-

mul cxovels an frinvels.

2) calke momzadebuli T sqemiT (qarTul-somxurad frinvelebi da

cxovelebi) ajgufeben cxovelebisa da frinvelebis suraTebs.

organizeba wuTi;

resursi: naxatebi,

momzadebuli T sqema.

3) sakomunikacio situacia: walkaSi unda gaxsnan zooparki, Tbilisi-

dan unda CamoviyvanoT cxovelebi da frinvelebi. viswavloT saxele-

bi qarTulad, rom zooparkis direqtors CamovuTvaloT sasurveli

cxovelebi, frinvelebi.

4) leqsikaze muSaoba:

cxovels / frinvels asaxelebs pedagogi da aCvenebs Sesabamis

naxats:

asaxelebs da bavSvebi aCveneben naxatebs;

maswavlebeli aCvenebs naxats, bavSvebi asaxeleben.


174

O organizeba: 8 wuTi

5) kedelze ganTavsebul sityvebs (frinvelTa da cxovelTa saxelebi)

zemodan amagrebs Sesabamis suraTs da ekiTxeba qarTulad: ra cxo-

velia? ra frinvelia? vinc sworad upasuxebs, airCevs naxats, Seusa-

bamebs nawers da svams kiTxvas.

O organizeba: 8 wuTi.

6) bavSvebi muSaoben wyvilebSi. daxataven sayvarel cxovelsa Tu

frinvels, cvlian erTmaneTSi da adgenen maT qarTul saxelwodebas,

Semdeg akraven TavianT namuSevrebs, asaxeleben da kiTxuloben: cxo-

velia Tu frinveli?

saSinao davaleba: saxelmZRvanelodan amoWran da warwerian ujraSi

Caakran Sesabamisi cxovelisa da frinvelis naxati.

rekomendaciebi SefasebisaTvis

upirveles yovlisa, unda ganvsazRvroT, ras vafasebT? Dda rogor

vafasebT?

miznebidan gamomdinare,Ffasdeba rogorc akademiuri, ise enobrivi

unarebi. akademiuri unarebidan arsebiTia klasificirebis unari.

swored es unari Sefasdeba T sqemis Sevsebis procesSi dakvirvebis

saSualebiT. rac Seexeba enobriv aspeqtebs, unda Sefasdes;

a) martivi instruqciebis (funqciuri frazebis) gageba, kerZod:

gadaSaleT wignebi, CasviT cxrilSi, daasaxeleT, monaxeT

saxeli.

b) Seswavlili leqsikisa da enobrivi formulebis gamoyeneba.

g) “aris” zmnis Semoklebuli formis marTebuli gamoyeneba.

d) SekiTxvebis (ra aris es? ra hqvia? Ffrinvelia? cxovelia?)

gageba da sworad pasuxi.

TiToeulze SeiZleba Sedges Sefasebis sqema. magaliTad,

axalSeswavlili leqsikisa da enobrivi formulebis gamoyenebaze:


175

kriteriumebi Kkargi damakmayof. aradamakmay.

naxatebis Sesabameba dasax-

elebebTan da piriqiT

warmoTqma (aqcenti specifi-

kur bgerebze)

komunikaciur situaciaSi

adekvaturi reagireba

enobrivi formulebis mar-

Tebuli gamoyeneba sakomu-

nikacio situaciaSi


176

II klasi

sagani: NqarTuli ena

Tema: `zamTari~ (amjerad ivaraudeba, rom Sefaseba xdeba Temis

dasrulebis Semdeg).

mizani: moswavle SeZlebs

zamTris suraTis aRweras;

martivi sityvebis amokiTxvas (ilustraciaze dayrdnobiT);

martivi sityvebis daweras (ilustraciaze dayrdnobiT);

nimuSis safuZvelze martivi winadadebis dawerasa da

amokiTxvas;

suraTze da masze miweril saxelebze dayrdnobiT martivi

kiTxvebis dasmas da maTze pasuxs.

saWiro frazebi: Tovs. civa. yinvaa. mTebi TeTria.

romelia zamTris Tveebi? zamTris Tveebia dekemberi, ianvari,

Tebervali.

me miyvars / ar miyvars zamTari.

ras TamaSob zamTarSi? zamTarSi miyvars cigaoba, gundaoba, cigure-

biT sriali.

leqsika: Tovli, zamTari, Tovlis papa, civa, yinva,

TeTri, didi, gunda/gundaoba, ciga/cigaoba, TamaSi,

cigurebi.

(werisTvis aqedan airCeva sityvebi imisda mixedviT, Tu ra asoebi aqvT

gavlili da ra unda gaiaron).


177


Temis dasrulebis Semdeg, sasurvelia, moswavleebi Sefasdnen yve-

la mimarTulebiT: mosmena, kiTxva, wera da zepirmetyveleba. gTava-

zobT Sefasebis sqemebs yvela mimarTuebiT:

mosmena:

kriteriumi yovelTvis iSviaTad arasodes

yuradRebiT ismens

adekvaturad rea-

girebs instruq-

ciebze

mcire xmauric ki

xels uSlis mosme-

naSi

esmis dasmuli

SekiTxvis /

SekiTxvebis

Sinaarsi

kiTxva:


Seusabamebs suraTs

amokiTxul sityvas

/ frazas

marcvlebisagan

awyobs sityvas

svams winadadebaSi

Sesabamis sityvas


178

wera:


nimuSis mixedviT

uSecdomod iwers

sityvas

ilustracias uke-

Tebs Sesabamis

warweras

aRadgens sityvaSi

gamotovebul asos

laparaki:


mkafiod da sworad

warmoTqvams sity-

vebs (maT Soris

specifikur bge-

rebs)

aRwers suraTs

Seswavlili sity-

vebisa da frazebis

gamoyenebiT

svams martiv Se-

kiTxvas

upasuxebs sxvis

mier dasmul

martiv SekiTxvas


179

III klasi

sagani: maTematika

Tema: geometriuli figurebi (ferTa mozaika, Cven vqmniT

kompoziciuri naxazebis silamazes).

saxelmZRvanelo: maTematika _ n. gvilava; e. CiloCava, s. CxeiZe.

akademiuri miznebi:

amoicnobs naxatze gamosaxul geometriul figurebs;

qmnis axal kompozicias;

gamoTvlis mocemuli figurebis gverdebis jams;

gamoTvlis TiToeuli Fferis figurebis raodenobas (metoba-

nakleboba).

enobrivi miznebi:

asaxelebs suraTze gamosaxul figurebs;

aRwers ilustracias ferebisa da figurebis miTiTebiT da gamoxatavs

sakuTar damokidebulebas (momwons / ar momwons, lamazia / ar aris

lamazi);

leqsika da konstruqciebi: ferebiT, figurebiT, wiTeli metia cis-

ferze /

naklebia, _iT,... gverdi, sigrZe...

socialuri miznebi:

SeuZlia Seafasos sxvisi da sakuTari namuSevari;

aRiaros sxvisi Rirseba;

hqondes erTobis gancda;

SeZlos resursebis ganawileba.

aqtivobebi:

aqtivoba 1: wyvilebi unda daukvirdnen saxelmZRvaneloSi miTiTebul

frangi mxatvris pol mondorianis naxats da gascen pasuxi Semdeg

kiTxvebs:


180

ra aris gamosaxuli naxatze?

ra figurebia?

ramdeni kuTxe aqvs TiToeuls?

riT hgavs es figurebi erTmaneTs?

riT gansxvavdebian es figurebi erTmaneTisgan?

dro: 5 wuTi;

resursi: wigni, gv. 26;

organizeba - muSaoba wyvilebSi.

aqtivoba 2. _ moswavleebs isev vTxovT daukvirdnen naxats.

eZlevaT Sesavsebad cxrili, romelSic unda Caweron suraTze ferTa

raodenoba, ferebis dasaxeleba.

wyvilebi asruleben Semdeg davalebas: asaxeleben figurebis raode-

nobas ferebis mixedviT; akeTeben Canawers: cisferi figurebis raode-

noba metia Tu wiTlis? ramdeniT naklebia Savi feris figura na-

crisfer figuraze?

dro: 7 wuTi;

resursebi: saxelmZRvanelo gv. 26.;

organizeba _ muSaoba wyvilebSi.

aqtivoba 3. moswavleebs vurigebT sxvadasxva feris, zomis, formis

figurebs da vTxovT Seadginon msgavsi kompozicia.

dro: 10 wuTi;

resursi: feradi qaRaldebi (figurebi), TeTri furclebi, webo;

organizeba: jgufuri.

aqtivoba 4. jgufebi cvlian erTmaneTis namuSevrebs da upasuxeben

kiTxvebs (werilobiT):

ramdeni figuraa furcelze?

romeli ferebia gamoyenebuli?

romeli feris figuraa meti da ramdeniT?

(kiTxvebi Camowerilia dafaze)


181

aqtivoba 5. jgufebi asruleben davalebas: zomaven mocemul fur-

celze yvelaze didi da yvelaze patara oTxkuTxedebis gverdebis

sigrZes da iTvlian TiToeulis sigrZeTa jams.

jgufebi akeTeben prezentacias (TiTo jgufs TiTo wuTi).

dro: 7 wuTi;

resursebi: jgufebis namuSevrebi, furclebi, kalmebi;

organizeba: jgufuri.

aqtivoba 6. amoicnon daviT kakabaZis naxatSi msgavsi figurebi da

daiTvalon ramdeni figuraa aseTi.

dro: 3 wuTi;

resursi: saxelmZRvanelo gv. 26;

organizeba: muSaoba jgufebSi.

aqtivoba 7. vurigebT baraTebs, romlebzec wertilebiT moniSnulia

oTxkuTxedebi. vTxovT, SeaerTon wertilebi da miaweron, ramdeni

oTxkuTxedia moniSnul baraTze?

dro: 7 wuTi,

resursi: baraTebi, markerebi;

organizeba: individualuri.

saSinao davaleba:

Seqmnan naxati sxva geometriuli figurebis gamoyenebiT

da miaweron, ramdeni figura gamoiyenes da ramdeni feri.


enobrivi unarebis TvalsazrisiT unda Sefasdes:

davalebis pirobis / instruqciis gageba da adekvaturi

reagireba;

maTematikuri cnebebis (metia, naklebia) da terminebis

(samkuTxedi, oTxkuTxedi, wre, kuTxe, gverdi... da a.S.)

marTebuli gamoyeneba;


182

gramatikuli konstruqciebis _ -iT naklebia, -iT metia, -iT

hgavs, -iT gansxvavdeba _ marTebuli gamoyeneba.

imisaTvis, rom moswavlem mizanmimarTulad warmarTos saswavlo

saqmianoba, man unda icodes, ras iTxoven misgan. roca moswavlem

icis is konkretuli miznebi, romelTa misaRwevadac warmarTavs samu-

Saos da icis kriteriumebic, romelTa mixedviTac Seafaseben, aris

ufro motivirebulic da mobilizebulic.

A amjerad Cven gTavazobT gakveTilze enis gamoyenebis Sefasebis

kriteriumebs:

kriteriumebi Kdiax ara SeniSvna

adekvaturad reagirebs instruqciebze

sworad amoicnobs da asaxelebs suraTze

gamosaxul geometriul figurebs

asaxelebs minimum erT gansxvavebas da

erT msgavsebas da marTebulad iyenebs

enobriv konstruqcias: hgavs –iT,

gansxvavdeba –iT.

marTebulad iyenebs enobriv konstruq-

cias: -iT metia, -iT naklebia.

icis ferebis saxelwodebebi (martivi da

Sedgenili).

iyenebs damokidebulebis gamomxatvel

enobriv formulebs: momwons / ar mom-

wons.

mniSvnelovania, maswavlebelma daadginos, maTematikis sakiTxebSi

Secdomebis daSvebis SemTxvevaSi moswavles ar hyofnis maTematikuri

codna Tu enobrivi, amitom Semowmebis mizniT SesaZlebelia pasuxis

dros qarTuli enis mSobliuriT Canacvleba.


183

IV klasi

sagani: bunebismcodneoba

Tema: cxovelTa jgufebi

akademiuriMmiznebi: icis da asaxelebs cxovelTa jgufebs.

enobrivi miznebi: iswavlis cxovelTa klasebis dasaxelebas

(ZuZumwovari, qvewarmavali, amfibia...), am jgufebSi Semavali

cxovelebis saxelwodebebs da axasiaTebs cxovelebs gadaadgilebis

(daxoxavs, dafrinavs, curavs), arsebobis sxva maxasiaTeblebis (riT

ikvebeba, rogor mravldeba...)…mixedviT.

aqtivobebi:

aqtivoba 1:

bavSvi gamodis kalaTTan, iRebs cxovelis suraTs, ambobs

dasaxelebas qarTulad; klasifikacias _ jgufs akuTvnebs mSobliur

enaze, moZebnis im jgufs somxur enaze warweril plakatze,

waikiTxavs am sityvis qarTul Sesatyviss da ityvis winadadebas _

lomi aris ZuZumwovari cxoveli... ku aris qvewarmavali...

dro _ 20 wuTi; O

organizeba _ individualuri;

resursebi _ kalaTSi yria cxovelTa suraTebi; plakati cxovelTa

klasifikaciis dasaxelebebiT somxurad da

qarTulad.

aqtivoba 2:

maswavlebeli aZlevs mSobliur enaze ganmartebebs _

jgufebSi geZlevaT davaleba: daasaxeleT jgufebSi Semavali cxove-

lebi qmedebebis mixedviT, visac SeuZlia, qarTul enaze Semdegi saxis

winadadebebiT _ lomi aris ZuZumwovari cxoveli _ is dadis, darbis;

delfini aris ZuZumwvari cxoveli _ is dacuravs. Tu moswavles amis


184

Tqma gauWirdeba, imaves ambobs mSobliur enaze, mxolod cxovelTa

jgufs plakatze vakiTxebT qarTulad.

dro: 15 wuTi;

organizeba: jgufebSi.

saSinao davaleba: vaZlevT Sefasebis sqemas (miTiTeba somxurad), ro-

melic unda Seavson (cxrili iqneba Sesavsebi qarTul enaze):

Sefaseba: prezentaciebis zepiri Sefaseba. formaluri dakvirvebiT da

CaniSvniT.

rekomendacia SefasebisaTvis

am SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT TviTSefasebis sqema, ro-

melic kidev ufro konkretuli SeiZleba gavxadoT. es daexmareba ara

marto maswavlebels obieqturobis dacvaSi, aramed moswavlesac ob-

ieqtur TviTSefasebaSi. Sefasebis sqemaSi sasurvelia iyos ori sveti:

erTi moswavlisaTvis, meore _ maswavleblisaTvis. meore sveti mas-

wavlebels aZlevs saSualebas daakvirdes, ramdenad obieqturia mos-

wavle sakuTari saswavlo saqmianobis Sefasebisas. moswavles uvi-

Tardeba TviTSefasebis unari. is kargad xedavs sakuTar Zlier mxa-

reebs da imasac, ra unda gaaumjobesos. gTavazobT aseTi sqemis ni-

muSs (yvelgan igulisxmeba, rom CamoTvlil saswavlo qmedebebs mos-

wavle asrulebs meore enaze):

kriteriumi

moswavlis

TviTSefaseba

maswavleb-

lis Sefa-

seba ra unda ga-

vaumjobeso

diax ara diax ara

me yovelTvis vigeb maswav-

leblis instruqciebs

me SemiZlia cxovelTa da-

saxeleba suraTebis mixed-


185

viT

me SemiZlia cxovelTa

jgufis (klasis) dasaxele-

ba

me SemiZlia zmnebis sworad

SerCeva

me SemiZlia sworad vupa-

suxo SekiTxvebs

me SemiZlia cxrilis Sevse-

ba

SeniSvna: dawyebiT klasebSi aseTi sqema SeiZleba gakeTdes or enaze.


186

V klasi

sagani: xelovneba

Tema: xelovnebis ruka.

akademiuri miznebi: icis da asaxelebs qveynebis saxelwodebebsa da

qveynebis RirsSesaniSnav adgilebs.

enobrivi miznebi:

Sesaswavli cnebebi: safrangeTi, saberZneTi, egvipte, CineTi,

avstralia, brazilia, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi.

Senoba taZari, nageboba, qandakeba.

enobrivi konstruqciebi: es Senoba mdebareobs . . . . . . . -Si.

aqtivoba 1. maswavlebeli mSobliur enaze sTxovs moswavleebs,

CamoTvalon qveynebi, romlebic ician da Tu ician, ra

RirSesaniSnaobebia im qveynebSi. ra RirSesaniSnaobebia maT

sofelSi/qalaqSi?

dro: 5-7 wuTi

aqtivoba 2. maswavlebeli akravs sqemas, romelSic mSobliur enaze

weria qveynebis saxelwodebebi. Mmoswavleebma wyvilebSi unda

mouZebnon maT qarTuli Sesatyvisebi.

wyvilebi cxrilSi pouloben qveynebis dasaxelebas mSobliur enaze,

kiTxuloben qarTul dasaxelebas da Sesabamis grafaSi weren swor

pasuxs.

dro _ 15 wuTi; resursi: saxelmZRvanelo, sqema;

organizeba: jgufuri muSaoba.

aqtivoba 3. maswavlebeli TiToeul jgufs unawilebs or-or tests

da qarTul enaze aZlevs miTiTebebs: waikiTxeT testi da dawereT,

romel qveyanaSia es Senoba?


187

maswavlebeli qarTul enaze acnobs davalebis pirobas (saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi, ganmartebebs vakeTebT maT mSobliur enaze): swori pa-

suxis rigiTi nomeri SemoxazeT, araswori pasuxis SemTxvevaSi gaas-

woreT da miuTiTeT swori varianti (testic, aseve, qarTul enazea).

dro – 10 wuTi;

resursi _ winaswar dabeWdili testebi. O

organizeba _ wyvilebSi.

aqtivoba 4. maswavlebeli mcire jgufebs aZlevs sqemas, romlis

mixedviTac unda daajgufon RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi Semdegi

klasifikaciiT:

taZari / Senoba-nageboba / qandakeba.

SeniSvna – es warwerebi qarTul enaze keTdeba.

keTdeba namuSevrebis prezentacia.

dro: 5 wuTi;

resursi: sqema;

organizeba: jgufuri muSaoba.

saSinao davaleba _ wignSi mocemuli rukis mixedviT gadaanawilon

RirSesaniSnaobebi qveynebis mixedviT.


am gakveTilze efeqtiani iqneba urTierTSefasebis formis

gamoyeneba. meore aqtivobis Semdeg wyvilebi cvlian erTmaneTSi

namuSevrebs da erTi wyvili afasebs meore wyvilis namuSevars (TiTo

swori pasuxi – TiTo qula).

urTierTSefasebis forma SeiZleba gamoviyenoT meore aqtivobis

drosac. testebi moswavleebma unda gausworon erTmaneTs. gTavazobT

testis nimuSs:

sworia ar aris

swori

jvris taZari mdebareobs saqarTveloSi.


188

piramidebi mdebareobs safrangeTSi.

Tavisuflebis qandakeba mdebareobs niu-

iorkSi.

CineTis kedeli mdebareobs egvipteSi.

qristes qandakeba mdebareobs braziliaSi.

luvri mdebareobs avstraliaSi.

Taj_mahali mdebareobs indoeTSi.

parTenoni mdebareobs saqarTveloSi.

M mewyvilis naweris Sesafaseblad moswavles SeuZlia daubrundes

teqsts. kidev erTxel gadaamowmos informacia, romelic amoikiTxa.

amdenad, urTierTSefaseba mxlod Sefasebis unars ki ar aviTarebs,

aramed codnis aTviseba-ganmtkicebis kargi saSualebacaa.


189

VI klasi

sagani: Zveli msoflio istoria.

Tema - istoriuli (arqeologiuri) periodizacia.

akademiuri (sagnobrivi) miznebi: moswavleebi Seiswavlian istoriuli

periodizaciis aRmniSvnel terminebs (paleoliTi, mezoliTi,

neoliTi, eneoliTi, brinjaos xana, rkinis xana), TiToeuli periodis

dasawyissa da dasasruls.

enobrivi miznebi: Seiswavlian saerTaSoriso terminebis qarTul

Sesatyvisebs (paleoliTi = Zveli qvis xana, mezoliTi = Sua qvis

xana, neoliTi = axali qvis xana, eneoliTi = spilenZ-qvis xana, anu

spilenZis xana). daadgenen mimarTebas: aTaswleuli = 1000 weli,

aswleuli = 100 weli.

Sesaswavli leqsika: dro, periodi, Zveli, Sua, axali, qva, spilenZi,

brinjao, rkina, saukune, aswleuli, aTaswleuli.

aqtivobebi:

aqtivoba 1. maswavlebeli dafaze / formatze asaxavs terminebis

saerTo da gansxvavebul nawilebs:

,,Zveli’’ = pale

,,Sua’’ = mezzo

liTi = ,,qva ‘’

,,axali’’ = neo

,,spilenZi’’ = eneo

imis Sesamowmeblad, daimaxsovres Tu ara axali terminebi, maswavle-

beli ambobs qarTul sityvebs (Zveli, Sua, axali, spilenZi + qva),

moswavleebi daWril muyaoze dawerili Sesabamisi laTinuri sityve-

biT (pale, mezo, neo, eneo + liTi) adgenen periodebis saxelwode-

bebs.

dro _ 10 wuTi,


190

organizeba _ muSaoba mTel jgufTan,

resursebi: muyao laTinuri sityvebiT.

aqtivoba 2. maswavlebeli jgufebs sTavazobs cxrils, romelSic un-

da Caweron TiToeuli periodis gaswvriv dasawyisi da misi

xangrZlivoba, e.w. qronologiuri CarCo. mag: paleoliTi _ adamianis

gaCenidan 12 aTaswleuli (12.000).

dro – 10 wuTi,

organizeba _ jgufuri,

resursi _ cxrilis qseroaslebi.

aqtivoba 3. moswavleebi individualurad kiTxuloben masalas sax-

elmZRvanelodan periodebis Sesaxeb.

dro _ 10 wT., organizeba _ individualuri,

resursi _ saxelmZRvanelo.

aqtivoba 4. maswavlebeli jgufebSi arigebs cxrilebs. TiToeuli

jgufi avsebs monacemebs qarTulad erTi periodisaTvis. Semdeg xdeba

TiToeuli

jgufis mier am masalis warmodgena.

periodi dro (TariRi)

ra mniSvnelovani

movlena ukavSirdeba

am dros

dro _ 15 wuTi;

organizeba _ jgufuri;

resursebi: saxelmZRvanelo, cxrilebi.

saSinao davaleba:

1. gakveTilze Seswavlili sityvebis, terminebisa da frazebis gamoye-

nebiT Seadginon periodizaciis amsaxveli Sedgenili sruli cxrili

qarTul enaze.

2. moamzadon qarTulad prezentacia TiToeuli periodis Sesaxeb.


191


am gakveTilze im terminebis damaxsovreba, romlebic laTinuri fu-

Zisaa, moswavleebs ar unda gauWirdeT. Uუfro metic, es terminebi

maTTvis SeiZleba erTgvar “kunZulebad” gamodges, romlebic mTliani

teqstis gagebas gauadvilebs. arsebiTi swored is aris, rom moswav-

leebma gaigon da gaiazron teqsti, romelzedac dayrdnobiT moaxde-

nen informaciis organizebas. mniSvnelovania, moswavleebi davakvir-

voT kompozitebis, warmoqmnili sityvebis Semadgenlobas (magaliTad,

aTaswleuli, aswleuli).

Sefaseba SesaZlebelia moxdes Semdegi rubrikebis saSualebiT.

kiTxvis procesze dakvirvebis safuZvelze maswavlebeli avsebs

cxrils. magaliTad:

rubrika diax ara SeniSvna

teqstis wakiTxvisas igebs ZiriTad

informacias;

teqstis gasaazreblad iyenebs

terminebs laTinuri fuZiT;

cxrilis Sesavsebad ramdenimegzis

ubrundeba teqsts, kiTxulobs Se-

sabamis adgilebs;

misTvis bundovani / gaugebari ad-

gilebis dasazusteblad svams

kiTxvebs / sTxovs daxmarebas mas-

wavlebels / Tanatolebs.

Mmoswavleebs eZlevaT prezentaciis Sefasebis sqemac, romlis mixed-

viTac afaseben erTmaneTis namuSevrebs. magaliTad:


192

1-2 3-5 6-7 8-10

informaciis sakmarisoba

(teqstidan ar tovebs arsebiT

da mniSvnelovan informacias)

informaciis sizuste (ar

amaxinjebs faqtebs, zustad

asaxelebs TariRebs)

Sesabamisi araverbaluri

saSualebebi (enobrivi

saSualebebis deficitis

SemTxvevaSi adekvaturad iyenebs

Jestebs, mimikas)

Sesaferisi ena (iyenebs

Seswavlil leqsikas, terminebsa

da frazebs)

Mmocemuli cxrlebi orientirebulia ara marto enis gamoyenebis

unaris Sefasebaze, aramed sagnobrivi codnisa da zogadi unarebis

(magaliTad, informaciis organizebis unari) Semowmebaze.


193

VII klasi

sagani: istoria

Tema – istoriuli dro

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian istoriuli drois

erTeulebsa da SeZleben maT erTmaneTTan dakavSirebas.

Sesaswavli leqsika - dro, weli, aTwleuli, saukune, aTaswleuli,

istoriuli dro, geologiuri dro, aTvlis sistema, cxrili,

flifCarti, religia, islami,

teqnika, kalendari.

enobrivi mizani - moswavle Seiswavlis istoriuli periodebis

aRmniSvnel ZiriTad terminebs - mag. Zveli welTaRricxva, axali

welTaRricxva; aseve gaecnoba istoriis periodebad dayofis

aRmniSvnel terminebs - Zveli dro, Sua saukuneebi, axali dro.

funqciuri frazebi - gadaixazeT, iyofa, iwyeba, mTavrdeba,

gamoiangariSeT, gansazRvreT, SeavseT, CawereT, daviwyoT Temis

zogadi ganxilviT, axla gagacnobT gakveTilis Temasa da mizans, ras

SeviswavliT am gakveTilze, gadaSaleT saxelmZRvaneloebi,

waikiTxeT (gaecaniT), SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia -

CamabareT nawerebi.

dro - 45 wuTi.

resursebi - maswavlebeli - didi formatis qaRaldi (flifCarti),

dafa, carci; moswavleebi - saxelmZRvanelo me-7

klasi (moswavlis wigni), rveuli, kalmistari, saxatavi

furclebi.

aqtivobebi:

aqtivoba 1

maswavlebeli amowmebs saSinao davalebas: aTvalierebs SerCeviT

moswavleTa rveulebs da aseve zepirad gamoikiTxavs davalebas.


194

saSinao davaleba

rveulSi gadaixazeT geologiuri da istoriuli drois cxrili

(cnoba 1). qveda, cariel grafebSi CawereT TiTo-TiTo iseTi movlena,

romelsac geologiuri da istoriuli droiT angariSoben (ix - me- 7

klasi saxelmZRvanelo, paragrafi 1 - ”dro da istoria”).

aqtivoba 2

maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs Sesaswavli gakveTilis Temasa da

mizans da wers dafaze. is saubrobs istoriuli drois

mniSvnelobaze.

aqtivobas eTmoba - 5 wT.

aqtivoba 3

maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs gaecnon Sesaswavli gakveTilis 1-

el qveTavs (ix. -me- 7 klasi saxelmZRvanelo, paragrafi 2 -

”istoriuli dro”) da svams SekiTxvebs, romlebsac moswavleebi

adgilidan pasuxoben.

SekiTxvebi:

• Tqveni azriT, ratom sWirdebaT istorikosebs erTiani aTvlis

sistema?

• im SemTxvevSi, Tu istorikosebi gamoiyenebdnen sxvadasxva aTvlis

sistemebs, ra moxdeboda?

aqtivobas eTmoba - 10 wT.

aqtivoba 4

maswavlebeli mokled saubrobs istoriuli drois erTeulebze da

winaswar momzadebuli flifCartis demonstrirebas axdens an (Tu

flifCarti ar aqvs), wers dafaze:

1 weli;

100 weli - 10 aTwleuli - 1 saukune;

1000 weli - 100 aTwleuli - 1 aTaswleuli.

maswavlebeli saubrisas ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom 1-eli saukune

grZeldeba 1-eli wlidan 100 wlis CaTvliT, me-2 saukune 101 wlidan

200 wlis CaTvliT da a.S. aseve uxsnis aTaswleulebs:


195

1-eli aTaswleuli _ 1-eli wlidan 1000 CaTvliT,

me-2 aTaswleuli _ 1001 wlidan 2000 wlis CaTvliT da a.S. da wers

dafaze an winaswar aqvs momzadebuli flifCartze.

drois erTeulebis axsnis Semdeg moswavleebma SesaZlebelia dasvan

SekiTxvebi - maswavlebeli pasuxobs.

aqtivobas eTmoba 10 wT.

aqtivoba 5

maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs klasSi Sesasrulebel davalebas

(savarjiSo #1 da savarjiSo #2 - ix. danarTi # 1). am davalebis

teqsti mas winaswar aqvs dawerili flifCartze (akravs dafaze) an

dabeWdili aqvs Tabaxis furclebze (personalurad urigebs moswav-

leebs). maswavlebeli davalebas amowmebs gakveTilebis Semdeg:

aqtivobas eTmoba 15 wuTi.


am SemTxvevaSi gakveTilis bolos moswavleebisaTvis micemuli sa-

varjiSoebi (minitestebi) ZiriTadad gakveTilze miRebuli codnis

Sefasebazea orientirebuli, magram, radgan isini qarTul enaze

sruldeba, garkveul enobriv kompetenciasac moiTxovs. am savarji-

SoebiT Semowmdeba:

pirobis gageba da gaazreba;

axladaTvisebuli terminebisa da specifikuri leqsikuri

erTeulebis codna da gamoyeneba;

rTuli ricxviTi saxelebis codna da adekvaturi gamoyeneba.

efeqtiania TviTSefasebis sqemis gamoyeneba, romelic kidev ufro

met informacias miscems maswavlebels moswavlis codnasa da unar-

Cvevebze, daexamereba mas imis dadgenaSi, Tu ra uZneldeba moswavles,

ra saWiroebebi aqvs, moswavles ki daafiqrebs imaze, ra gaaumjobesos.

gTavazobT TviTSefasebis sqemas am konkretuli gakveTilisaTvis:


196

8-10 6-7 4-5 3-2 1-0

mosmena vigeb maswavleblis yvela

instruqcias.

maswavleblis saubrisas

CemTvis nacnob sityvebsa

da frazebze dayrdnobiT

SemiZlia saubris Sinaar-

sis gageba.

zepirmetyveleba vpasuxob maswavleblis

mier dasmul SekiTxvebs.

SemiZlia sakuTari misa-

zrebis gamoTqma.

kiTxva SemiZlia sakuTari mosa-

zrebis argumentirebisaT-

vis davimowmo (amovikiTxo)

saxelmZRvanelos Sesaba-

misi monakveTi.

teqstis kiTxvisas veyrd-

nobi Cems codnas Temis

Sesaxeb da nacnob sity-

vebsa da frazebs, risi

saSualebiTac vigeb wa-

kiTxulis Sinaarss.

wera vavseb cxrils mocemuli

instruqciis mixedviT.

leqsika TariRebis aRsaniSnavad

viyeneb martiv da rTul

ricxviT saxelebs, yvela

axladSeswavlil leqsi-

kur erTeuls.


197

gasaumjobesebelia:

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________


198

VIII klasi

sagani: qimia

Tema: mJava, marili. zogadi daxasiaTeba

gakveTilis mizani: araorganul naerTTa klasebis - mJavebisa da ma-

rilebis gacnoba-daxasiaTeba, formulebis Sedgena, dasaxeleba.

enobrivi mizani: moswavle Seiswavlis mJavebisa da marilebis qarTul

saxelwodebebs, qarTulad ganmartavs mJavebis klasifikacias, aRwers

sqematurad gamosaxul masalas qarTulad. amisaTvis iyenebs iseT

martiv winadadebebs, rogoricaa: gogirdmJava aris orfuZiani Jangba-

diani mJava; marilmJava aris erTfuZiani uJangbado mJava; marili

Sedgeba metalisa da mJavas naSTisagan da a.S.

nacnobi cnebebi: qimiuri elementi, oqsidi, metali, arametali, qimi-

uri elementis simbolo, qimiuri formula.

Sesaswavli cnebebi: mJava, mJavas naSTi, mJavas fuZianoba, Jangbadiano-

ba, marili, marilebis saxelwodebebi.

funqciuri frazebi: Seicavs mJavas naSTs, daaxasiaTeT fuZianobis

mixedviT, gansazRvreT mJavas naSTis valentoba, SeavseT cxrili,

daaxasiaTeT Jangbadianobis mixedviT, SeavseT gamotovebuli adgile-

bi, SeadgineT marilis formula, daasaxeleT naerTi.

xangrZlivoba: 45 wT.

resursebi: saxelmZRvanelo, sqemebi, cxrilebi, perioduli sistema.

SeniSvna: detalurad gakveTilis scenari ix. broSuraSi . . . . . . . .


gakveTilis scenarSi warmodgenili sqemebisa da cxrilebis Sevseba

mcire jgufebSi / wyvilebSi moswavleebs saSualebas miscems ara

marto gacvalon miRebuli informacia, aramed daexmaron erTmaneTs

gaugebari cnebebisa da terminebis ganmartebaSi. imis Sesafaseblad,

ramdenad nayofieria jgufuri / wyvilebSi muSaoba, maswavlebeli


199

unda akvirdebodes jgufebis muSaobas da iniSnavdes winaswar Semu-

Savebul formaSi TiToeuli jgufis saqmianobas. gTavazobT aseTi

formis nimuSs:

kriteriumebi 4-5 6-7 8-10

jgufis mier

davalebis pi-

robis, Sinaar-

sis gaazreba

jgufma davale-

bis piroba da

Sinaarsi kargad

ver gaigo

davalebis piroba

da Sinaarsi gai-

go mxolod mas-

wavleblis dama-

tebiTi komenta-

rebis Semdeg

jgufma

davalebis

piroba da

Sinaarsi kargad

gaigo da

gaacnobiera

jgufis mier

samuSaos orga-

nizeba

samuSao ar iyo

organizebuli.

jgufis wevre-

bidan sqemaze

muSaobda mxo-

lod is, vinc

enas ukeTesad

flobs.

samuSao organi-

zebuli iyo, ma-

gram jgufis we-

vrebs Soris

funqciebi araTa-

nabrad gadana-

wilda

samuSao kargad

iyo or-

ganizebuli,

jgufis wevrebs

Soris fun-

qciebi sworad

da Tanabrad

gadanawilda

jgufSi enis

gamoyeneba

jgufis wevrebi

mxolod mSob-

liur enaze

urTierTobdnen

muSaobis pro-

cesSi

jgufis wevrebi

ZiriTadad mSob-

liur enaze ur-

TierTobdnen,

Tumca muSaobis

procesSi iyo

momentebi, roca

meore enas iye-

nebdnen

jgufis wevrebi

adekvaturad

anacvlebdnen

mSobliursa da

meore enas

urTierTobisa

da muSaobis

procesSi

jgufis wevrTa

Soris urTier-

Toba

jgufis aqtiur

wevrsa da pa-

siur wevrebs

Soris zogjer

urTierTobebi

iZabeboda

jgufis wevrTa

Soris ZiriTadad

pozitiuri ur-

TierTobebi iyo

jgufis wevrTa

Soris iyo

pozitiuri da

saqmiani

urTierTobebi


200

Aam gakveTilze SeiZleba aseve jgufis wevrTa TviTSefasebisa da

urTierTSefasebis kiTxvarebis gamoyenebac, romelTa nimuSebi zemoT

mogawodeT.


201

IX klasi

sagani: samoqalaqo ganaTleba

Tema: referendumi da plebisciti

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian demokratiis iseT

cnebebs, rogorebicaa referendumi da plebisciti.

erTmaneTs Seadareben am or cnebas da daadgenen maT

msgavsebasa da gansxvavebas.

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi Seiswavlian referendumTan da

plebiscitTan dakavSirebul qarTul da saerTaSoriso

terminologias.

Sesaswavli leqsika - demokratia, konstitucia, kanonmdebloba,

referendumi, plebisciti, prezidenti, parlamenti,

qmeduunaro, msjavrdebuli.

funqciuri frazebi - daakvirdiT, waikiTxeT, gaecaniT, daasaxeleT,

vin mipasuxebs, romel Tqvengans surs? vin daexmareba

amxanags? imuSaveT wyvilebSi, SeavseT testebi, SeavseT

gamotovebuli adgilebi, gaucvaleT Tqvens mewyviles,

SeafaseT Tqveni mewyvile, SeasworeT megobris naweri da

miuwereT komentarebi, klass warudgineT Tqveni

namuSevari, daasabuTeT Tqveni pasuxi, pasuxi saWiroebs

argumentacias, samuSao furclebs daawereT Tqveni

saxeli da gvari, daviwyoT Temis zogadi ganxilviT,

axla gagacnobT gakveTilis Temasa da mizans, ras

SeviswavliT am gakveTilze, gadaSaleT

saxelmZRvaneloebi, vin metyvis? vin mipasuxebs? daexmareT

mopasuxes, Tu arsebobs sxva mosazreba, SekiTxvebi xom ar

gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - CamabareT nawerebi.

dro - 45 wuTi.


202

resursebi - maswavlebeli - dafa, carci;. moswavleebi -

saxelmZRvanelo me-9 klasi (moswavlis wigni), ori feris

kalmistari, Savi fanqari, saweri furclebi, danarTi #1.

aqtivoba 1. maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs gakveTilis Temasa da

mizans (wers dafaze), xolo Semdeg sTxovs maT (gameorebis mizniT)

upasuxon SekiTxvebs:

- ra aris demokratia? (25 -e paragrafi);

- riTi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan pirdapiri da arCeviTi

demokratia (26 -paragrafi).


aqtivoba 2. maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaecnon 34-e paragrafis

(”referendumi da plebisciti”) teqsts da am teqstze dayrdnobiT

Seavson darigebuli testi.

(danarTi #1).

1. saqarTveloSi referendumi gaimarTa ...................wels

.................................................. sakiTxze.

2. referendumi aris

......................................................................................................................

3. plebisciti aris

........................................................................................................................

4. referendumSi da plebiscitSi monawileobis miRebis ufleba aqvs

moqalaqes .................... asakidan.

5. referendums niSnavs ........................................

6. plebiscits niSnavs ..............................................

weris dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli krebs nawerebs, erT-erT

moswavles iZaxebs dafasTan, gadascems sakuTar nawers da sTxovs

klasis winaSe waikiTxos sakuTari pasuxebi.


203

aqtivoba - 2 fasdeba Semdegnairad: 1- eli da me - 4 SekiTxvebi

fasdeba 1 quliT, xolo me-2, me-3, me-4 da me-5 SekiTxvebi fasdeba 2

quliT.


aqtivoba 3. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs: gadaixazon dafidan

cxrili (maswavlebeli am cxrils winaswar xazavs dafaze, raTa dro

ar daikargos) da Caweron am cxrilSi sami msgavseba da sami

gansxvaveba referendumsa da plebiscits Soris:

msgavseba gansxvaveba

1.

2.

3.

rekomendaciebi SefasebebisaTvis

gakveTilis scenaris mixedviT, teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg moswav-

leebi avseben tests. imis miuxedavad, teqstis ra nawilia qarTu-

lad, testi qarTul enaze unda iyos da Seivsos mxolod qarTu-

lad. im variantis garda, romelic scenarSia (igulisxmeba moswav-

lis prezentacia da klasis gamoxmaureba), sasurvelia, maswavle-

belma gamoiyenos moswavleTa urTierTSefasebis forma. wyvilebi

gacvlian erTmaneTSi nawerebs da asworeben. maswavlebeli testebs

asworebs saxlSi da amowmebs rogorc Sesrulebuli testebis sis-

wores, ise gasworebis xarisxs (tests unda eweros rogorc uSu-

lod pasuxebis avtoris saxeli da gvari, ise gamsworeblisa).

testebiT Semowmdeba ara marto codna saganSi, aramed:

referendumTan da plebiscitTan dakavSirebul qarTuli da

saerTaSoriso terminologiis codna;

ganmartebebis formulireba qarTulad nakluli teqstis

gamoyenebiT;


204

instruqciebis gageba.

imisaTvis, rom Semowmdes, ramdenad gaiazres referendumisa da

plebiscitis arsi da SeuZliaT Tu ara maTi damaxasiaTebeli niSne-

bis Camoyalibeba qarTulad, moswavleebi avseben cxrils. imisaTvis,

rom davadginoTAaxerxebs Tu ara moswavle teqstidan mTavari da

arsebiTi informaciis amoRebas, gTavazobT TviTSefasebis kiTxvars:

kriteriumi

moswavlis

TviTSefaseba ra unda gavaumjobeso

diax ara

teqstis kiTxvisas vaxerxebdi

arsebiTi da mniSvnelovani in-

formaciis moniSvnas.

imisaTvis, rom Sevavso cxrili,

teqsts xelaxla vubrundebi da

advilad vpoulob saWiro ad-

gils.

me SemiZlia qarTuli da saerTa-

Soriso terminologiis adekva-

turi gamoyeneba.

me SemiZlia referendumisa da

pebiscitis arsebiTi niSnebis Ca-

moTvla.

me SemiZlia gansxvavebebis danax-

va referendumisa da pebiscitis

niSnebs Soris.

me cxrilis Sevsebisas advilad

varCevdi saWiro leqsikasa da

enobriv konstruqciebs.


205

X klasi

sagani: geografia

Tema _ geografiis Seswavlis obieqti da miznebi

gakveTilis miznebi _ moswavlem gaixsenos geografiis dargebi, misi

Seswavlis obieqti da kvlevis meTodebi; daakavSiros erTmaneTTan

geografiuli garsis Semadgenel komponentebi; ecodineba bunebrivi

resursebi da misi mravalferovneba. agreTve, geografiis mniSvneloba.

enobrivi miznebi _ moswavlem icodes geografiis dargebi da kvlevis

meTodebi; geografiuli garsi da misi Semadgenloba; bunebrivi

resursebi da misi klasifikacia.

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi _ sabunebismetyvelo da sazogadoebrivi

geografia, aRwerilobiTi da SedarebiTi meTodebi, geografiuli

garemo, resursi, bunebrivi resursebis klasifikacia

funqciuri frazebi _ ras niSnavs, . . . . niSnavs, daakavSire isrebiT,

aris Tu ara saWiro, imisaTvis aris saWiro, rom. . .

dro _ 45 wuTi.

resursebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, sqemebi, dafa, carci.

aqtivoba 1.

I. ras niSnavs sityva ,,geografia’’

,,geo” - miwa dedamiwis aRwera

,,grafos”-aRwera


206

II. geografiis mimarTulebebi

sabunebismetyvelo

sazogadoebrivi

III. kvlevis meTodebi

aRwerilobiTi SedarebiTi

dro 10 wuTi.

aqtivoba 2

geografiuli garsis Semadgenloba

liTosfero biosfero

atmosfero

hidrosfero

liTosfero

liTos_qvis garsi

qerqi mantia guli/birTvi


207

atmosfero

vakuumsfero

haeris ionosfero

garsi stratosfero

troposfero

hidrosfero

okeaneebi, zRvebi

wylis garsi miwisqveSa wylebi

xmeleTis wylebi

zedapiruli wylebi

biosfero

sicocxlis

garsi

mcenareebi

cxovelebi

adamianebi

dro 15 wT.

aqtivoba 3

bunebrivi resursi franguli _ qarT. maragi


208

aqtivoba 4

bunebrivi resursebis klasifikacia

gamolevadi gamoulevadi

aRdgenadi aRudgenadi

dro 5 wuTi.

aqtivoba 5

maswavlebeli wyvilebs aZlevs savarjiSos.

qvemoT CamoTvlili bunebrivi resursebi daakavSireT isrebiT imis

mixedviT, romelia gamolevadi da romeli _ gamoulevadi:

msoflio okeanis

qari

niadagebi gamolevadi

tyis

mzis gamoulevadi

wiaRiseuli

dro 10 wuTi.

aqtivoba 6.

maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvas: aris Tu ara saWiro geografiis codna

da risTvis?

maswavlebeli klass uTiTebs teqsts saxelmZRvaneloSi da sTxovs mis

wakiTxvas. moswavleebi sakuTar pasuxebs adareben wakiTxuls.

dro 5 wuTi.


209


gakveTilis scenaris mixedviT, moswavleebma geografiaSi manamde

miRebul da axal codnaze dayrdnobiT unda moaxdinon informaciis

organizeba. radgan sqemebis Sevsebisas moswavleebs, upirveles yov-

lisa, sWirdebaT terminebisa da cnebebis codna, Sefasebis sqemis

Sedgenisas aqcenti unda gakeTdes zogadkognitur unarze (informa-

ciis organizebis unari) da geografiuli terminebisa da cnebebis

gaazrebul codnaze, agreTve imaze, ramdenad adekvaturad igebs in-

struqciebs: daakavSire isrebiT, SeavseT ierarqiuli diagrama, da a.S.

mniSvnelvania, rom bolo aqtivoba Sesruldes qarTul enaze. mos-

wavleebma unda gamoTqvan mosazrebebi geografiis codnis mniSvnelo-

baze. am aqtivobis Sesafaseblad SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT rogorc

moswavlis TviTSefasebis sqema,ise sqema maswavleblisaTvis gTava-

zobT am ukanasknelis nimuSs:

kriteriumi 3-4 5-6 7-8 9 10

igebs SekiTxvis Sinaarss da

adekvaturad upasuxebs

azrs SeuzRudavad gamoTqvams,

ar iborkeba enobrivi Secdomis

daSvebis SiSiT

adekvaturad iyenebs Seswavlil

cnebebsa da terminebs

SeniSvna: am SemTxvevaSi yuradReba ar unda mivaqcioT metyvelebaSi

daSvebul enobriv Secdomebs. mTavaria, moswavles gauCndes azris

gamoTqmis survili da moaxerxos am azris adresatamde mitana.


210

XI klasi

sagani: fizika

Tema - rxeviTi moZraoba

სagnobrivi mizani: moswavle cdis saSualebiT akvirdeba qanqaris

rxevas, monacemebs warmoadgens cxrilis saxiT.

enobrivi miznebi: moswavle Seiswavlis qarTul terminebs, qarTulad

avsebs cxrils, daskvnas ayalibebs qarTulad.

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi: rxevis amplituda, rxevis sixSire,

rxevis periodi.

funqciuri frazebi: Caatare cda, dainiSne dro, daiTvale rxevaTa

ricxvi, gamoTvale rxevis periodi, gamoTvale

rxevis sixSire, Caiwere monacemebi, Seadgine

cxrili. Seitane dakvirvebis Sedegebi.

warmoadgineT Sedegebi, gaakeTeT daskvna.

resursebi: 40 da 50 sm sigrZis ori Zafi, ori tvirTi: 100 da 150 g

masis, wammzomi, skotCi, Tabaxis furclebi,

kalmistrebi

aqtivoba 1.

maswavlebeli dafaze wers gakveTilis mizans: ”rxeviTi

moZraobis Seswavla”. maswavlebeli axdens Tavisufali rxevis

demonstrirebas zambaraze dakidebuli tvirTis moZraobis

magaliTze da ganmartavs rxevis amplitudas, rxevis periods da

sixSires.

aqtivoba 2 _ eqsperimenti

mizani: qanqaras rxeviTi moZraobis Seswavla

moswavleTa organizeba: jgufuri, TiTo jgufSi 4-5 moswavle

eqsperimentis mizania gamoikvlion, aris Tu ara damokidebuli

rxevis periodi qanqaras sigrZeze da masaze da rogor.

TiToeul jgufs eZleva konkretuli davaleba.


211

I jgufi: atarebs eqsperiments 100 g tvirTisTvis, roca qanqaras

sigrZea 50 sm.

II jgufi: m = 100 g, l = 40 sm.

III jgufi: m = 150 g, l = 50 sm.

IV jgufi: m = 150 g, l = 40 sm.

moswavleebi inawileben funqciebs: erTi _ iniSnavs dros, meore

_ iTvlis Sesrulebul rxevaTa ricxvs, mesame _ iTvlis rxevaTa

periods, meoTxe _ sixSires, mexuTe _ adgens cxrils, Seaqvs

dakvirvebis Sedegebi.

m_qanqaras

masa, g

ℓ_qanqaras

sigrZe, sm

t_rxevebis

dro, wm

N_rxevebis

ricxvi

T_ rxevis

periodi,wm

v_rxevis

sixSire,

1/wm

1 jg. 100 50 20 12 1,67 0,6

2 jg. 100 40 20 14 1.43 0.7

3 jg. 150 50 20 12 1.67 0.6

4 jg. 150 40 20 14 1.43 0.7

aqtivoba 3 _ prezentacia

jgufebi warmoadgenen sakuTar Sedegebs.

maswavleblis daxmarebiT keTdeba daskvnebi:

qanqaras rxevis periodi damokidebulia qanqaras sigrZeze.

rac metia qanqaras sigrZe, miT metia rxevis periodi.

qanqaras rxevis periodi masaze damokidebuli ar aris.


mocemul gakveTilze, moswavleebis saswavlo saqmianobidan

gamomdinare, sasurvelia enaSi Semowmdes mosmenis, weris,

kiTxvis,zepirmetyvelebis unarebi. moswavlem unda gaigos

maswavleblis mier miwodebuli informacia, gaiazros eqsperimentis

Catarebis pirobebi, waikiTxos cxrilSi Cawerili monacemebi,


212

gaakeTos Canawerebi, dabolos, gaakeTos eqsperimentis Sedegebis

prezentacia. aqedan gamomdinare, Sefasebis sqema iqneba kompleqsuri,

orientirebuli erTdroulad ramdenime unaris Sefasebaze. gTavazobT

aseTi sqemis nimuSs:

8-10 6-7 4-5 3-2 1-0

mosmena yuradRebiT ismens da

igebs maswavleblis mier

gadacemul informacias

igebs instruqciebsa da

pirobebs eqsperimentis

Casatareblad.

zepirmetyveleba upasuxebs maswavleblis

mier dasmul SekiTxvebs.

jgufSi muSaobisas cvli-

an informacias erTmaneT-

Si.

prezentaciisas iyenebs

eqsperimentis Sedegebis

SejamebisaTvis (daskvnis)

saWiro enobriv formu-

lebsa da Sesabamis cne-

bebsa da terminebs.

kiTxva adekvaturad igebs

cxrilSi mocemul cnebeb-

sa da pirobiT aRniSvnebs

wera avsebs cxrils mocemuli

instruqciis mixedviT.

gasaumjobesebelia:

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________


213

XII klasi

sagani: maTematika

Tema: `zogierTi racionaluri da iracionaluri funqcia~

sagnobrivi miznebi: moswavleebi Seiswavlian wilad-wrfiv funqcias,

gamoikvleven mis Tvisebebs da aageben grafiks; ganiviTareben

funqciaTa ojaxebis Sedarebis unar-Cvevevas iseTi Tvisebebis

mixedviT, rogorebicaa gansazRvris are da mniSvnelobaTa simravle,

fesvebisa

da eqstremumebis SesaZlo raodenoba, niSanmudmivobis da zrdadoba-

klebadobis Sualedebi, asimptoturi qceva, grafikis geometriuli

Tvisebebi.

winapirobebi: sakiTxis SeswavlisTvis moswavleebma unda icodnen

wrfivi funqcia da misi grafiki, cvladebs Soris ukuproporciuli

damokidebuleba, misi Tvisebebi da grafiki (hiperbola), polinomuri

funqcia; figuraTa geometriuli gardaqmnebi sibrtyeze; SeeZloT

martivi gardaqmnebis Sesruleba algebrul gamosaxulebebze.

enobrivi miznebi: moswavle Seiswavlis funqciis yofaqcevis

damaxasiaTebel ZiriTad terminebs, ecodineba funqciis Tvisebebis

qarTuli saxelwodebebi, SeZlebs qarTulad aRweros funqciis

grafikis Taviseburebani da ganmartos parametrebis zegavlena

funqciis Tvisebebze.

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi: racionaluri funqcia, wilad-wrfivi

funqcia, polinomur funqciaTa Sefardeba, grafikis asimptoti, funq-

ciis yofaqceva argumentis usasrulod gazrdis/Semcirebisas.

funqciuri frazebi: damoukideblad Seasrule savarjiSo, Seasrule

geometriuli/algebruli gardaqmnebi, aRwere funqciis yofaqceva, ga-

moiyene algebruli da grafikuli meTodebi, gamoikvlie parametrebis

zegavlena funqciis Tvisebebze.


214

resursebi: gakveTili ar saWiroebs raime gansakuTrebuli instrumen-

tebis, TvalsaCinoebebisa da teqnologiebis gamoyenebas.

aqtivobebi

moswavleTa motivacia

moswavleebs davusvamT amocanas: gaarkvieT, ra funqciis grafiki mii-

Reba y = 1/x funqciis grafikisgan paraleluri gadataniT marcxniv (X

RerZis paralelurad) 1 erTeuliT da zemoT (y RerZis paralelurad

3 erTeuliT (ix. saxelmZRvanelo, nax. gv. 244).

dro - 2-3 wT.

kavSiri wina masalasTan

moswavleebs vTxovT y = 1/x funqciis grafikis agebas da funqciis yo-

faqcevis aRweras, roca argumenti usazRvrod izrdeba, an mcirdeba.

dro – 2-3 wT.

axali masalis wardgena

moswavleebs gavacnobT racionaluri funqciis, wilad-wrfivi funq-

ciis, funqciis grafikis asimptotis cnebebs, moswavleTa daxmarebT

aRvwer wilad-wrfivi funqciis yofaqcevas, roca argumenti

usazRvrod izrdeba an mcirdeba.

dro – 7-9 wT.

moswavleTa aqtivobebi

frontaluri muSaobisTvis moswavleebs SevTavazebT saxelmZRvanelos

savarjiSoebs # 1, 4, 5, 6, 14 (a, b).

dro – 10-12 wT.

codnis gamyareba

moswavleebs davavalebT, damoukideblad Seasrulon saxelmZRvanelos

# 17 (a, g), xolo maRali SesaZleblobebis moswavleebs damatebiT –

# 16 savarjiSoebi.

dro – 8-10 wT.

gakveTilze dasaxuli miznebis Sesrulebis Sefaseba

moswavleebs vTxovT, individualurad upasuxon saxelmZRvanelos

# 20 savarjiSos kiTxvebs.

dro – 3-5 wT.


215


mocemul gakveTilze enobrivi miznebidan umTavresia cnebebisa

da terminebis gageba-gaazreba da amicanebis, davalebebis pirobis

gageba-gaazreba. arsebiT problemas aq Seqmnis imis gansazRvra,

moswavlis Secdomas ganapirobebs maTematikuri codnisa Tu eno-

brivi kompetenciis nakleboba. amitom aseT SemTxvevaSi yvelaze

efeqtiani TviTSefasebis kiTxvaris gamoyenebaa. gTavazobT aseTi

kiTxvaris nimuSs:

kriteriumebi diax ara SeniSvna

me mesmis funqciis yofaqcevis da-

maxasiaTebeli terminebis qarTuli

ganmartebebi.

SemiZlia funqciis Tvisebebis gan-

sazRvra axlad Seswavlili termi-

nebis gamoyenebiT.

SemiZlia aRvwero funqciis grafi-

kis Taviseburebani.

srulad vigeb amocanis / davale-

bis pirobas.

SemiZlia avago maTematikuri

msjeloba, ganvmarto parametrebis

zegavlena funqciis Tvisebebze.

SeniSvnis grafaSi moswavles SeuZlia Caweros komentari, ram

gauadvila / gaurTula maTematikuri davalebis Sesruleba, rac

saSualebas mogvcems gadavWraT zemoT dasaxelebuli problema.


216

4. bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis Sefaseba

Sefasebisas aqcenti keTdeba bilingvalebis meore enis

kompetenciaze da ar fasdeba is mniSvnelovani warmatebebi da

upiratesobebi, rac, sazogadod, bilingvuri ganaTlebis process

axlavs Tan. saWiro unarebis miRwevis Sefasebis procesSi yuradReba

unda gamaxvildes iseT faqtorebze, rogorebicaa interpersonaluri

unarebi (gunduri muSaoba, molaparakeba, kulturulad mravalferovan

adamianebTan urTierToba da TanamSromloba da a.S.), informaciis

mopovebisa da interpretirebis unari, kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi

azrovnebis unari, pasuxismgeblobis aRebisa da ganawilebis,

solidarobisa da a.S. unarebi. am unarebis nawilSi ki bilingvalebis

upiratesoba monolingvalebTan SedarebiT kvlevebiTaa

dadasturebuli. Tuki Sefaseba daefuZneba da moicavs am unarebis

Sefasebasac da ara mxolod klasSi gamoxatul lingvisturi

kompetenciis Sefasebas, maSin bilingvali bavSvebisadmi da

bilingvizmisadmi sazogadoebrivi ganwyobebic pozitiurad Seicvleba.

Bbilingvuri programis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis erTmaneTTan

Sesabamisoba da Tanmimdevruloba erT-erT yvelaze rTul amocanas

warmoadgens. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac calkeuli sagnis

maswavleblebi mxolod TavianTi SexedulebiT adgenen Sefasebis

sqemebs, romelSic ver iTvaliswineben meore enis komponents, verc

imas, rogor Seusabamon erTmaneTs moTxovnebi saganSi da enaSi.

msgavsi mdgomareobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT skolis direqtorebsa

da maswavleblebs Semdeg startegiebs SeiZleba SevTavazoT:

kargad SeiswavleT standartebi da darwmundiT, rom kargad

gesmiT Tu ra unda icodnen da risi gakeTeba unda SeeZloT

moswavleebs mocemul sagansa da meore enaSi;

uzrunvelyaviT saskolo saswavlo gegmaSi Tanmimdevruloba

sagansa da enaSi safexurebis, klasebis mixedviT;


217

saswavlo gegmebis SemuSavebis dros gamoiyeneT “ukuRma”

dagegmvis principi: standartebze dafuZnebiT, jer

gansazRvreT misaRwevi Sedegebi rogorc saganSi, ise enaSi

da Semdeg SeimuSaveTY misi miRwevisTvis saWiro saswavlo

programa;

gansazRvreT, saganSi saswavlo programis ra nawilis

dafarvas SeZlebT mocemuli drois monakveTSi mSobliur

enaze, ras – meore enaze;

gansazRvreT is meTodebi, romlebiTac SeafasebT rogorc

codnasa da unar-Cvevebs saganSi, ise enis flobasa da

gamoyenebas;

Sefaseba gaxadeT swavlebis procesis Semadgeneli nawili,

romelic mogcemT SesaZleblobas droulad aRmoaCinoT

“Cavardna” saganSi an/da enaSi da moaxdinoT koreqcia;

bilingvur skolebSi, sadac regularulad akvirdebian da

agroveben informacias imis Sesaxeb, rogor swavloben moswavleebi,

ra Sedegebi aqvT saganSi, rogor iyeneben klasSi enas rogorc

moswavleebi, ise maswavleblebi, yovelTvis iqneba imis garantia, rom

orenovani maswavleblebi ar gadauxveven moTxovnebs da

moswavleTaTvis swavlis gaadvilebis mizniT, mxolod mSobliur

enaze ar Caatareben gakveTils.

sasurveli miznis misaRwevad nebismier sferoSi, maT Soris

ganaTlebaSi, mniSvnelovania arsebuli mdgomareobis xSirad Sefaseba

sasurvel mdgomareobasTan mimarTebiT. monitoringis gareSe

SeuZlebelia swavlebisa da swavlis praqtikaSi arsebuli xarvezebis

identificireba da moswavleTa miRwevebis gaumjobesebis mizniT maTi

koreqtireba.

bilingvur skolebSi swavlisa da swavlebis monitoringi

orientirebuli unda iyos rogorc moswavleebis swavlis Sedegebze

sagansa da enaSi, aseve saklaso oTaxSi bilingvuri swavlebis

praqtikaze.


218

swavlis monitoringi gulisxmobs moswavleebis akademiuri

progresis Sefasebas da miRebuli Sedegebis gaanalizebas sagansa da

enaSi. am mimarTulebiT swavlis, anu moswavleebis miRwevebis

monitorings ZiriTadad axorcielebs maswavlebeli sami saxis

Sefasebis xSiri gamoyenebiT, rogorebicaa:

sadiagnostiko Sefaseba - swavlis dawyebamde: ra ician

moswavleebma saganSi da ra - enaSi?

ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba - swavlis dros: ras swavloben

moswavleebi saganSi da ras - enaSi?

ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba - swavlis Semdeg: ra iswavles

moswavleebma saganSi da ra - enaSi?

sadiagnostiko, ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba

sadiagnostiko

ganmaviTarebeli

ganmsazRvreli

ra mizani aqvs? moswavlis

sawyisi

codnisa da

unar-Cvevebis

dadgena sagansa

da enaSi;

moswavlis

interesebisa

da swavlis

stilis

dadgena.

moswavlis

enobrivi

kompetenciisa da

sagnobrivi

codnisa da

unarebis

ganviTarebis

xelSewyoba.

moswavlis

miRwevebis

donis dadgena

sagansa da

enaSi.

ra fasdeba? sawyisi

mdgomareoba

sagansa da

enaSi.

swavlis

procesi.

swavlis

Sedegebi

sagansa da

enaSi.

Sefasebis Sede-

gad ra tipis

saswavlo pro-

cesis dagegmva

koreqtivebis

Setana saswavlo

moswrebis

donis


219

gadawyvetilebas

viRebT?

– ra da rogor

unda vaswav-

loT imisTvis,

rom SevZloT

arsebulidan

sasurvel

mdgomareobaSi

gadasvla

procesSi (meTo-

debi, strategie-

bi, saswavlo ma-

salebi da a.S.)

gansazRvra

sagansada

enaSi;

swavlebis

momdevno

etapis

dagegmva.

rogor

ganisazRvreba

warmateba?

sagnisa da enis

standartiT

gansazRvruli

SedegebTan

Sesabamisobis

safuZvelze.

konkretuli

moswavlis

winsvlis

safuZvelze

(sakuTar

miRwevebTan

mimarTebiT – ra

dones flobda

da ra dones

flobs sagansa

da enaSi).

sagnisa da enis

standartiT

gansazRvruli

Sedegebis

miRwevis

safuZvelze.

Sefasebis

romeli

instrumentebi

gamoiyeneba?

testi;

SekiTxvebi;

zepiri

gasaubreba, ese

da sxva.

dakvirveba,

kiTxvebi,

grafikuli

organizatorebi,

individualuri

gasaubreba,

TviTSefasebis

kiTxvari,

saSinao

davaleba da

sxva.

Semajamebeli

zepiri an we-

rilobiTi ga-

mokiTxva,

portfolio da

sxva.

Sefasebis

forma

niSani an/da

komentari

zepiri an

werilobiTi

komentari

niSani an

qulebi

yvelaze rTuli problema, romelic SeiZleba Seiqmnas biling-

vuri saswavlo procesis Sefasebisas, es aris is, Tu rogor Sevafa-

soT adekvaturad moswavleTa codna saganSi da misi progresi enaSi?


220

testebi, gamartivebuli formulirebebiTa da mokle arCeviTi

pasuxebiT, miT umetes, pasuxebiT – “diax” da “ara”, ar iZleva srul

informacias. aucilebelia Sefasebis Sefasebis alternatiuli siste-

mis gamoyenebac. alternatiuli Sefasebis qveS igulisxmeba saswavlo

procesSi ganxorcielebuli qmedebebis Sefasebis kriteriumebis sis-

tema. erT-erTi aseTi meqanizmia moswavlis portfolio, proeqtebi,

romlebzedac zemoT gvqonda saubari, referati, romelic gulisxmobs

aRweras, dakvirvebas, kvlevas, Canawerebis gakeTebas. Tumca referate-

bis Sefasebisasac iCens Tavs sirTuleebi: ra moqmedebs referatis xa-

risxze: arasakmarisi enobrivi kompetencia Tu sakiTxis siRrmiseuli

codnis nakleboba? zogjer saintereso ideis xorcSesxmas, saintereso

Tvalsazrisis gaSlas xels uSlis ara imdenad saganSi codnis nak-

leboba, ramdenadac erTgvari SiSi, kompleqsi gramatikuli Secdome-

bis daSvebisa enaSi. es erTgvarad borkavs moswavlis `SemoqmedebiT

potencials~. am problemis gadaWris erT-erTi gza aris is, rom mos-

wavlem pirveli variantis Seqmnisas ifiqros mxolod saganze. SeiZle-

ba referatis bilingvurad dawerac ki. naSroms, upirveles yovlisa,

afasebs sagnis maswavlebeli mxolod sagnobrivi kuTxiT, Semdeg kiT-

xulobs enis maswavlebeli da moswavlesTan erTad xvews nawers eno-

brivad.

Sefasebisas efeqtiania maswavleblis Canawerebis gamoyenebac.

TiToeul gkveTilze maswavlebels JurnalSi / rveulSi TiToeuli

moswavlisaTvis daTmobili adgili gayofili aqvs or svetad, erTSi

is wers im kompetenciebs, romelTa Semowmebac surs saganSi, meoreSi

ki – enobrivs. TiToeuli sveti dayofilia imden ujrad, ramdeni un-

aris Semowmebac unda maswavlebels. magaliTad, gamosaxulebis Cawe-

ra, movlenis analizi. . . enobrivSi – terminebis gageba da adekvaturi

gamoyeneba, movlenis axsna meore enaze. . .…

adre moswavleebis miRwevebis monitoringi gulisxmobda maswav-

leblis mier moswavlis swavlis procesisa Tu Sedegebis Sefasebas

da swavlebis praqtikaSi Sesabamisi koreqtivebis Setanas. Tumca aR-


221

niSnul procesSi udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba moswavlis TviTSefa-

sebas. bilingvur skolebSi maswavleblebTan erTad monitoringis

procesSi aqtiurad unda monawileoben moswavleebi, romlebic akvir-

debian sakuTari swavlis process rogorc saganSi, ise enaSi, aanali-

zeben da iReben Sesabamis zomebs. TviTSefaseba SeiZleba moxdes ro-

gorc aTbaliani sistemiT, ise aRweriTi formiTac. maswavleblebs

SeuZliaT mniSvnelovnad daexmaron moswavleebs TviTSefasebis gan-

xorcielebaSi sxvadasxva kiTxvisa da davalebis saSualebiT. magali-

Tad:

Tqveni namuSevris romeli nawili iyo yvelaze metad efeqturi?

ratom fiqrobT ase? rodis grZnobdiT Tavs yvelaze ufro kom-

fortulad enas gamoyenebisas?

rodis dabrkoldiT enis gamoyenebis procesSi? ra leqsikuri

erTeulebisa da enobrivi konstruqciebis nakleboba igrZeniT?

Tavidan rom swavlobdeT aRniSnul sakiTxs, ras gaakeTebdiT

gansxvavebulad?

ra dagexmarebaT ukeTesi Sedegebis miRwevaSi?

TviTSefaseba rom sando da obieqturi iyos, masTan erTad

mniSvnelovania moswavleTa urTierTSefasebis gamoyenebac. Sefasebis

alternatiul formebSi moiazreba prezentaciebi, ese, interviu.

mniSvnelovania imis gansazRvra, romel unars vafasebT. es

SeiZleba iyos:

1. problemis gadaWra. am unaris farglebSi moswavlem unda

SeZlos Seswavlili masalis grafikulad warmodgena

(diagramebi, sqemebi, cxrilebi da a.S.), obieqtebis

klasificireba, cdebisa da eqsperimentis Sedegebis axsna

TanaklaselebisaTvis, problemis gadaWris alternatiuli

gzebis SeTavazeba.

2. SinaarsSi orientireba da misi adekvaturi aRqma. moswavlem

unda gamoavlinos, rom mas esmis davalebis Sinaarsi

(magaliTad, gaamartive algebruli gamosaxuleba, Seadgine


222

qimiuri reaqciis toloba, monaxe rukaze...). es ufro

damokidebulia moswavlis saerTo ganviTarebis doneze, radgan

mwiri enobrivi kompetenciis moswavleebsac ki SeuZliaT

sakuTari SesaZleblobebis gamovlena saganSi, Tu adekvaturad

aRiqvamen sagnobrivi masalis Sinaarss. Mmoswavles SeuZlia

warmatebiT gamoiyenos pirobiTi aRniSvnebi, laTinuri

warmoSobis (Ziris) sityvebi, saerTaSoriso terminologia.

moswavleebs unda SeeZloT kompiuteruli leqsikonebiT

sargebloba. es xels Seuwyobs enis dauflebis processac.

3. koncefciis gageba da gaazreba. moswavlem unda daamtkicos,

rom marto davalebis Sinaarsi ki ar gaigo, SeuZlia sakuTari

codnis gamoyenebac. magaliTad, advilad arCevs erTmaneTisgan

perimetris cnebasa da farTobis cnebas, SeuZlia grafikulad

gamosaxuli informaciis axsna, SeuZlia Seadginos qarTvel

mefeTa genealogiuri xe da a.S.

4. akademiuri miznebisaTvis enis gamoyenebis xarisxi. marTebulad

iyeneben Tu ara moswavle akademiur terminologias, SeuZlia

Tu ara koreqtulad gamoiyenos is, axerxebs Tu ara

gansxvavebis danaxvas logikuri operaciebisaTvis saWiro

sityvebs Soris (magaliTad, „zogjer“, „iSviaTad“, „xSirad“

„regularulad“ da a.S.)

5. komunikaciuri unarebi. moswavlem unda SeZlos sakuTari

saqmianobis etapebis axsna da am saqmianobis Sesaxeb sxvebis

informireba, ideebis gaziareba, sakuTari Tvalsazrisis

gamoxatva.

6. TanamSromloba. Mmoswavles unda SeeZlos saerTo saqmeSi

sakuTari wvlilis Setana, daxmarebis gaweva sxvebisaTvis,

gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu jgufSi problema Seiqmna enis

gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT an, piriqiT, mimarTavs Tu ara

TviTon megobrebs daxmarebisaTvis enis gamoyenebasTan

dakavSirebiT.


223

7. damokidebuleba. maswavlebelma unda Seafasos moswavlis

damokidebuleba sagnisa da enis mimarT. xalisiT ukavSirebs Tu

ara codnas cxovrebiseul sakiTxebs, uxaria Tu ara raimes

aRmoCena saganSi, “iZulebiT” da amitom uxalisod saubrobs Tu

ara meore enaze.

bilingvur skolebSi moswavleebis swavlis procesisa da

swavlis Sedegebis paralelurad monitoringi unda gaewios uSualod

swavlebis process. swavlebis monitoringisTvisac saWiroa

informaciis Segroveba da analizi im procesebisa da praqtikis

Sesaxeb, romlebic saklaso oTaxebSi mimdinareobs. am mimarTulebiT

monitoringi fokusirebuli unda iyos ramdenime ZiriTadi sakiTxis

garSemo:

ra saswavlo miznebi (codnis SeZena da unar-Cvevebis

ganviTareba sagansa da enaSi) aqvT maswavleblebs

dasaxuli moswavleebisTvis?

rogor uzrunvelyofen maswavleblebi moswavleebis mier

aRniSnuli miznebis miRwevas?

ra doziT aris gamoyenebuli ena gakveTilze?

aris TuU ara klasSi emociurad da inteleqtualurad

usafrTxo garemo?

xdeba Tu ara interkulturuli elementebis adekvaturi

gamoyeneba?

bilingvuri swavlebis monitoringze upirvelesi pasuxismgebeli

piri aris skolis direqtori. misi uSualo monawileobiTa da

xelmZRvanelobiT skolis administracia unda darwmundes, rom

skolaSi swavleba mimdinareobs skolis mier SemuSavebuli miznebis

Sesabamisad da Tanamedrove meTodebisa da saswavlo masalebis

gamoyenebiT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi izolirebuli saklaso oTaxebSi


224

maswavleblebi akeTeben imas, rac SeuZliaT da/an rac surT, rac

yovelTvis ar niSnavs xarisxian swavlebas.

monitoringis saSualebebs Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili

uWiravs gakveTilze formalur an araformalur daswrebas. swored

gakveTilebze xSiri daswrebiTa da maswavleblebisTvis

rekomendaciebis micemiT SeuZlia skolis direqtorsa da

administraciis sxva warmomadgenlebs yvelaze didi gavlena

moaxdinon moswavleebis Sedegebze.

gakveTilze daswreba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iyos

swavlebis monitoringis Sedegiani instrumenti, Tu skolis

direqtorma an Sesabamisma uflebamosilma pirma zustad icis, ras

akvirdeba, ris Sesaxeb agrovebs informacias da ras afasebs.

gTavazobT bilingvuri gakveTilze dakvirvebis sqemis erT-erT

variants:

# saqmianobebis aRwera xSirad iSviaTad arasodes

1. Mmkafiodaa Camoyalibebuli gak-

veTilis mizani saganSi da eno-

brivi miznebi.

2. iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa wi-

nare codnas rogorc saganSi,

ise enaSi.

3.

moswavleebs aZlevs mkafio da

advilad aRsaqmel instruqciebs.

4. svams rogorc faqtologiur,

ise maRali donis saazrovno

SekiTxvebs.

5. maRali donis saazrovno

SekiTxvebis dasmisas adevnebs

Tvals, xom ar Seeqmna

moswavles enobrivi problemebi.


225

amisaTvis azustebs SekiTxvas,

exmareba meore enaze pasuxis

formulirebaSi.

6. iyenebs informaciis organize-

bis saSualebebs, masalis vizu-

alizacias.

7. amyarebs kavSirs sxva sagnebTan.

8. iyenebs aqtiur meTodebs.

9. iyenebs TanamSromlobis

formebs (muSaoba wyvilebSi,

jgufebSi) da yuradRebiT

adevnebs Tvals moswavleebis

muSaobas imis dasadgenad,

ramdenad iyeneben urTierTobaSi

meore enas da akeTebs

Canawerebs.

10. afasebs moswavleebs winaswar

SemuSavebuli kriteriumebis

safuZvelze (Sefasebis sqemebis,

rubrikebis gamoyenebiT) da

aZlevs ganmaviTarebel

komentars.


226

terminTa ganmarteba

auTenturi – anu TviTmyofi; namdvili, sarwmuno, pirvelwyaroze

damyarebuli, dednis Sesabamisi.

bilingvizmi sxvadasxva saxisa SeiZleba iyos: gawonasworebuli _

roca orive ena Tanabrad ukavSirdeba azrovnebas da adamiani

gonebaSi xan erT enaze metyvelebs da xan _ meoreze; an

dominirebuli _ roca meore ena azrovnebas mxolod maSin

ukavSirdeba, roca adamiani am enaze urTierTobis viTarebaSi

moxvdeba, marto yofnisas ki, rogorc wesi, mxolod mSobliur

enaze metyvelebs gonebaSi.

gazomvis standartuli Secdoma – maCveneblebi, romlebsac moswavle

iRebs testSi, yovelTvis moicavs garkveul Secdomas. rac

ufro sandoa testi, miT ufro naklebad aris mosalodneli

Secdoma. standartizebul testebze muSaobisas misi Semdgen-

lebi amas iTvaliswineben da cdiloben Seafason, Tu ramdenad

gansxvavebuli SeiZleba iyos moswavlis monacemi, Tu igi gan-

meorebiT Seasrulebda tests. amas gazomvis standartuli

Secdoma ewodeba. amdenad, sando testi SeiZleba asec gani-

sazRvros, rom esaa testi, romelsac gazomvis mcire standar-

tuli Secdoma aqvs.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba emsaxureba moswavleTa swavlis procesisa

da warmatebebis gaumjobesebas. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis

dros moswavle, maswavleblis gamoxmaurebisa da komentarebis

daxmarebiT, mudmivad iRebs iseT informacias, romelic

sakuTari swavlis gaTviTcnobierebaSi exmareba. maswavleblis


227

mizania: aswavlos moswavles, rogor iswavlos (swavlis

swavla) da, amave dros, miiRos informacia moswavlis

saswavlo saWiroebebis Sesaxeb, raTa daexmaros mas swori

gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba emsaxureba

swavlebis daregulirebas – dagrovebul informaciaze

dayrdnobiT TiToeuli moswavlisaTvis saTanado daxmarebis

aRmoCenasa da pedagogiuri praqtikis gaumjobesebas.

ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas `swavlisaTvis Sefasebasac~

uwodeben. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli

formebia werilobiTi komentarebi, Sefaseba cxrilebis

(rubrikebis) saSualebiT da sxv.

deskriptorebi – `enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebis~ mier

gansazRvruli doneTa skalebSi oTxive sametyvelo funqciis

(laparaki, mosmena, kiTxva, wera) mixedviT aris gawerili

deskriptorebi _ indikatorebi, romelTa Sesrulebis

SemTxvevaSic miiCneva, rom standartiT gansazRvruli Sedegi

miiRweva.

diagnostikuri Sefaseba – diagnostikuri Sefaseba ganmaviTarebeli

(mimdinare) Sefasebis komponentad ganixileba. diagnostikuri

Sefasebis dros xdeba moswavlis garkveuli momentisaTvis

arsebuli codnis donis da unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba, raTa

zustad daigegmos swavlis procesi moswavlis susti da

Zlieri mxareebis gaTvaliswinebiT. diagnostikuri Sefasebis

mizania moswavlis momzadebis sawyisi donis dadgena.

moswavlis Sedegebs vadarebT ara dadgenil standarts, aramed

sawyis dones. diagnostikuri Sefasebis saSualebiT Cven

vigebT, ra viTarebaa klasSi, arian Tu ara moswavleebi mzad

axali saprogramo masalis aTvisebisaTvis, ra sirTuleebi

SeiZleba Segveqmnas da rogor davZlioT isini. miRebuli


228

informacia gamoiyeneba calkeuli moswavlis an moswavleTa

jgufis saswavlo saWiroebebis dasadgenad da igi gvexmareba

saswavlo miznebis sworad gansazRvraSi, am miznebis miRwevis

optimaluri gzebis monaxvaSi. diagnostikuri Sefaseba,

rogorc wesi, tardeba saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi an axali

Temis swavlebamde.

diskursi warmoadgens raRac konkretuli praqtikis sagnis garSemo

codnis konstruirebas an am saganze msjelobis gzebs:

kompleqsi (erToblioba) ideebisa, gamosaxulebebisa da

praqtikisa, rac dakavSirebulia garkveul TemasTan, socialur

aqtivobasTan an instituticiasTan sazogadoebaSi. es

diskursuli Camoyalibebuli erToblioba gansazRvravs, Tu ra

aris da ra ar aris misaRebi ama Tu im konkretuli sagnisa Tu

socialuri aqtivobis Sesaxeb msjelobisas, ra codna aris

aucilebeli da aqtualuri im mocemul konteqstSi da ra

tipis individebi atareben am maxasiaTeblebs.

Tanamedrove humanitarul mecnierebebSi diskursis

gansxvavebuli ganmertebebi gvxvdeba. magaliTad, lingvistikur

da semiotikur terminTa inglisur-rusul leqsikonSi

diskursi gansazRvrulia, rogorc Tematurad, kulturulad an

kidev rame niSniT urTierTdakavSirebuli teqstebis

erToblioba, romlis ganviTareba da Sevseba SesaZlebelia

damatebiTi teqstebiT. meore ganmartebiT, romelic

sociologiasa da socialur semiotikaSia miRebuli, diskursi

aris urTierToba, romelic ganixileba rogorc garkveuli

diskursuli „praqtikebis~ ganxorcieleba (m. fuko). mesame

definicia aseve gamoiyeneba sociologiaSi, magram gamoiyeneba

agreTve logikasa da filosofiaSic: igi gansazRvrulia

rogorc sametyvelo komunikaciis saxeoba, romelic

gulisxmobs socialuri cxovrebis RirebulebaTa, normaTa da


229

wesTa racionalur kritikul ganxilvas da romlis

erTaderTi motivia urTierTgagebis miRweva (i. habermasi).

evropuli enobrivi portfolio _ aRiarebuli dokumenti, romelic

farTod gamoiyeneba da romelSic fiqsirdeba enaTa

Seswavlisas miRebuli miRwevebis done.

enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, sadac

warmodgenilia enaTa dauflebis doneebis, swavlebisa da

Seswavlis procesebisa da saSualebebisadmi zogadi midgoma.

enobrivi biografia _ dokumenti, romelic mxars uWers winare

swavlisa da TviTSefasebis asaxvas.

enobrivi pasporti _ dokumenti, romelSic momxmareblebi iweren

informacias donis Sesaxeb yvela im enaSi, romelic maT ician

an swavloben.

enobrivi repertuari _ enobrivi saxesxvaobebis jgufi (pirveli ena,

regionuli ena, skolaSi Seswavlili enebi...), erTi

molaparakis mier dauflebuli codnis sxvadasxva doneze da

sxvadasxva gamoyenebisTvis. es individualuri repertuari

cvlis individis cxovrebas (axali enebis daufleba,

Seswavlili `daviwyebadi~' enebi).

validoba – es aris sakvlevi instrumentis - testis Sesatyvisoba

sakvlev unarTan / codnasTan. testi validuria, Tu is zustad

imas afasebs, risTvisac is aris gansazRvruli.

TviTmyofi – ix. auTenturi.


230

TviTSefaseba aris procesi, romlis saSulebiTac moswavle erTveba

sakuTari swavlis miznebis Camoyalibebasa da sakuTari

swavlis procesis marTvaSi. imisaTvis, rom moswavle SeeCvios

sakuTari pasuxis Semowmebas, Camouyalibdes Secdomis mimarT

swori damokidebuleba, daZlios SiSi Secdomis winaSe, xSirad

unda mivceT sakuTari namuSevris Sefasebis saSualeba.

TviTSefaseba mas exmareba imis gacnobierebaSi, rom

Secdomebis aRiareba da gamosworeba winsvlis aucilebeli

pirobaa. TviTSefasebiT igi grZnobs met valdebulebas da

cdilobs iyos maqsimalurad obieqturi. TviTSefasebis mudmivi

warmoeba moswavleebs uyalibebs Secdomis mimarT swor

damokidebulebas. moswavle xvdeba, rom mxolod Secdomis

gamosworebiT aris SesaZlebeli misi TviTganviTareba.

kriterialuri validoba _ validobis nairsaxeoba, romelic fasdeba

imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba testis Sedegebi mos-

wavlis Sesafasebeli unaris sazom sxva damoukidebeli ins-

trumentis Sedegebs.

kriteriumze orientirebuli Sefaseba - iseTi Sefaseba, rodesac

moswavlis moswrebas adareben winaswar dadgenil

kriteriumebs; kriteriumze orientirebuli Sefaseba adgens,

miaRwia Tu ara moswavlem kriteriumebiT gansazRvrul dones

an ramdenma moswavlem miaRwia amas klasSi.

mediana – mediana aris zrdadobis an klebadobis mixedviT dalagebul

monacemTa ganawilebis Sualeduri ricxvi.

mimdinare, anu formatuli Sefaseba xdeba yovel gakveTilze,

yoveldRe, yoveli aqtivobis dros. ar aris savaldebulo

qulebiT Sefaseba. mniSvnelovania is, rom aseTi Sefaseba


231

gvaZlevs moswavlis mravalmxrivi Seswavlis saSualebas, aqvs

Tu ara winsvla, Tu ara _ ra aris warumateblobis mizezi an

ra ganapirobebs mis warmatebas, aqvs Tu ara ganviTarebuli

SemoqmedebiTi, saazrovno da socialuri unarebi, rogoria

misi interesebis sfero, individualuri Taviseburebebi, ra

Zlieri da susti mxareebi aqvs. mimdinare Sefasebis procesSi

mniSvnelovania ara imdenad qulebis dawera (niSniT Sefaseba),

ramdenadac Cveni rCevebi, ra da rogor gaaumjobesos.

formatuli Sefaseba moswavlis Sesaxeb amomwurav,

mravalmxriv informacias iZleva da obieqturobis garantia.

moda _ moda aris is maCvenebeli, romelic yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba.

monitoringi aris specifikuri indikatorebis (maCveneblebis) mixedviT

monacemebis Segrovebis da gaanalizebis sistemuri procesi,

romelic miznad isaxavs mocemuli situaciis / viTarebis

Seswavlis da miRebul Sedegebze dayrdnobiT Sesabamisi

Carevebis ganxorcielebas. ganaTlebis sferoSi monitoringi

aris saswavlo procesze meTvalyureoba, dakvirveba, romlis

Sedegadac miRebuli monacemebi (procesis zusti aRricxva)

safuZvlad edeba analizsa da Sefasebas. mniSvnelovania, rom

monitoringis mimdinareobisas Tavi avaridoT SefasebiT

damokidebulebebs. mTavaria, zustad vicodeT, ras vakvirdebiT

da rogor, ra formiT aRvnusxoT monitoringis sagnis

TiToeuli aspeqti ise, rom masze dafuZnebuli Sefaseba

obieqturi iyos.

mravalenovneba _ sazogadoebis an misi sakmao nawilis mier ramdenime

enis floba (floba _ da ara mxolod pasiuri codna). rogorc

wesi, esaa ori ena da, Sesabamisad, mravalenovnebis mTavari

saxea orenovneba (bilingvizmi).


232

multilingvizmi – ix. mravalenovneba.

normaze orientirebuli Sefaseba – iseTi Sefaseba, rodesac xdeba

calkeuli moswavleebis moswrebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba, an

moswavlis moswrebisa _ dadgenil normasTan (norma

ganisazRvreba romelime jgufis moswrebiT).

orenovneba _ ix. bilingvizmi.

percefcia – obieqturi samyaros, sinamdvilis asaxva grZnobis

organoebis saSualebiT; aRqma.

pirovnebaze orientirebuli Sefaseba _ iseTi Sefaseba, rodesac

moswavlis moswrebas adareben mis warsul moswrebas.

portfolio – ix. saqaRalde.

prediqtoruli validoba _ kriterialuri validobis erT-erTi saxeo-

baa, romelic fasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad SesaZlebe-

lia testis Sedegebis mixedviT vivaraudoT (viwinaswarmetyve-

loT) moswavlis momavali warmatebebi. mag., Tu enis flobis

testSi miRebuli maRali qula maRal korelaciaSia momavalSi

umaRles saswavlebelSi qarTuli enis testSi miRebul qu-

lasTan, maSin SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom enis flobis Sesafa-

sebel tests maRali prediqtoruli validoba aqvs.

referenti _ kavSirSi myofi, Setyobinebis gamgzavni.

rubrikebi aris konkretuli informacia Cveni moTxovnebisa da

Sefasebis kriteriumebis Sesaxeb; moswavleTa Cabma Sefasebis

procesSi gaadvildeba, Tu isini kargad gaacnobiereben, ras


233

iTxoven, ra Sedegebs elian maTgan. amis gacnobierebaSi maT

daexmareba martivad, maTTvis gasagebi eniT Camoyalibebuli

kriteriumebi, anu e.w. rubrikebi.

sandooba _ es aris testis maxasiaTebeli, romelic gviCvenebs, Tu

ramdenad aris damokidebuli testiT miRebuli qulebi gazom-

vis cTomilebebze, ganasxvavebsTuara testuri kiTxva

Zlierdasustmoswavleebs.

saqaRalde anu e.w. “portfolio" Sefasebis xangrZlivi da

Sromatevadi formaa. maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs

Sefasebis mizans. maswavlebeli da moswavle winaswar

Tanxmdebian im masalebze, romlebic daadastureben, rom

moswavlem daakmayofila moTxovnebi da miaRwia saswavlo

Sedegs. moswavle xsnis sakuTar saqaRaldes, romelSic ideba

samuSaos Sefasebisas gamosayenebeli namuSevrebi. Sefasebis

periodis dasrulebisaTvis moswavle wers eses, romelSic

aRwers, Tu ra iswavla Sefasebis procesSi da ratom SearCia

saqaRaldisaTvis maincdamainc warmodgenili masala.

saqaRaldiT moswavlis Sefaseba saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali

gavadevnoT moswavlis individualuri progress, SevadaroT

sxvadasxva dros Seqmnili namuSevrebi erTmaneTs, vnaxoT,

rogor gaiTvaliswina man Cveni komentarebi da rCevebi,

romlebsac drodadro vaZlevdiT.

standartuli gadaxra _ standartuli gadaxra gviCvenebs, ramdenad

gansxvavdeba maCveneblebi saSualosgan. rac ufro didia

standartuli gadaxra, miT ufro vrclad aris ganawilebuli

maCveneblebi. da piriqiT _ rac ufro mcirea standartuli

gadaxra, miT ufro axlosaa saSualosTan monacemebi

ganlagebuli.


234

testis specifikacia _ testis Seqmna misi detaluri gegmis Camoyali-

bebiT iwyeba. aseT gegmas testis specifikacias uwodeben. igi

testirebis miznebze dayrdnobiT yalibdeba da moicavs deta-

lur informacias testis miznis, Sinaarsisa da administrire-

bis Sesaxeb. testis specifikacias sxvadasxva saxe SeiZleba

hqondes, magram yvela maTgani unda moicavdes testis mizans,

Sinaarss, formats (Sesafasebeli unarebis/codnis, gamoyenebu-

li testuri davalebebis da testSi maTi wonis matricas),

agreTve informacias monawileebis, Sefasebis sistemisa da ad-

ministrirebis Sesaxeb.

transferi erTgvar situaciaSi naswavlis sxvagvar, gansxvavebul

situaciaSi gamoyenebas niSnavs.

Semajamebeli Sefaseba adgens moswavlis warmatebas swavlebisa da

swavlis konkretul etapze: Temis dasrulebisas, semestris

bolos, saswavlo wlis bolos. aseTi Sefasebisas mowmdeba is,

Tu ramdenad miaRwia calkeulma moswavlem da moswavleTa

jgufma standartiT gaTvaliswinebul Sedegs / Sedegebs.

heterogenuli _ SemadgenlobiT, warmoSobiT, TvisebebiT

sxvadasxvagvari (sapirisp. homogenuri).

homogenuri _ SemadgenlobiT, warmoSobiT, TvisebebiT erTgvari

(sapirisp. heterogenuri).


235

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