Kaukokartoitus ympäristön tilan seurannassa Remote€sensing€for€environmental … ·...
Transcript of Kaukokartoitus ympäristön tilan seurannassa Remote€sensing€for€environmental … ·...
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Kaukokartoituspäivät 20071
Kaukokartoitus ympäristön tilan seurannassa
− Remote sensing for environmental monitoring
Kaukokartoituspäivät 2007
Arto Vuorela
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Contents
•Traditional applications, governmental activities etc. forenvironmental monitoring
•New –or existing but possibly unrecognized satellite instruments•Open your eyes! Terrestrial and other remote sensing instruments.
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Traditional apps
•SYKE, METLA, FMI & others– Chlorophylla, Sea Surface Temperature, Sea ice service, National
Forest Inventory, meteorology, active forest fires (now also with MODIS)or burnt areas, national mapping, timber volume estimation, hydrology…
•EEA, CORINE Land Cover•GMES Service Element; portfolio of services
– Land Cover change, forests, coastal areas, hazards/risks, etc.
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Forest monitoring (Swe/Fin)
– Notifications are made beforecutting, but not all are felled
– Monitoring of cutting activities andregeneration
– Clear cut mapping in large areaswith pairwise scenes would be timeconsuming. Mosaicing significallyreduces the work between twomosaics compared to pairwise perscenes.
– Metadata for each pixel enableslabeling each object with the datesbetween which the cutting wasperformed.
METRIA / A. Davidsson 2007
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Exceeding of allowable size(5, 8) – standard 50 ha,actual size –57 ha
Wrong direction of clearcut
(4, 5, 8, 9, 12)
Part of area isn't cut(4, 5, 9)
Wrong clearcuts adjoinment(4, 5, 8, 9, 12)
from Tsentrlesproekt, Moscow.© ScanEx 2007
Logging rules’violations
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Pan change detection: SPOT 30.9.1987 & 11.9.2002
New builtup
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Remote Sensing?
•Even professionals may say: “Wedon’t do remote sensing, but aerialimaging only.”(Kaukokartoitusselvitys 2005)
•Some say: “Remote sensing isbecoming part of the sensornetworks.”
•Then well, what other RS sensorsare there in the palette and scalefrom satellite to microscope?
•Spaceborne, various airborne,imaging from masts, terrestrialmeasurements
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•Landsat 5 images received in Italy, up till row 15 (!) in Finland. But USGS seems todownlink them. Battery problems being solved now...
•In Kiruna, some Landsat 5 images are received in Summer season, quality reasonable.
•Landsat 7 images not received in Europe, downlinking in USA•Landsat 7 Scan Line Corrector is broken. USGS EDC offers corrected products
•Cheap•Mosaic of many images –needs cloudfree images temporally close
•US Government has decided Landsattype satellite system to be necessary. “Landsat 8”launched in perhaps 201011.
Landsat 5 & 7 status
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IRSP6 AWiFS•56 70 m resolution•10bit•4 bands G, R, NIR, SWIR•Large area•Better than Landsat MSS•Other instruments LISSIV
mono (5m), LISS III (20m)•IRSP6 to be used more
now…
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QuickBird 0.6 m color image Praha 17.8.2002© DigitalGlobe, Eurimage
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Ikonos 1 m colour, Kaalamo, Russia© Geoeye, 2007
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The first and only highresolution satellite with adaily revisit capability, in itscoverage area only.
• 2 m Pan• 8 m (4 bands: NIR, R, G, B)• 24 km x 24 km
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• 1 m Pan• 4 m MS• 15 x 15 km
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OrbView3
Manhattan & Brooklyn Bridge, Courtesy of Orbimage
1m pansharpened OrbView3
•1 m. 4 m multispectral•Not acquired simultaneously•Swath width 8 km
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ALOS
PRISM (Panchromatic Remote sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping )
• Alongtrack stereo• 0.52 0.77 m• Resolution 2.5 m• Swath width 3570 km depending on mode
AVNIR2 (Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2)
• Multispectral, pointing capability• Wavelengths: band 1 0.420.50 m
band 2 0.520.60 mband 3 0.610.69 mband 4 0.760.89 m
• Resolution 10 m (nadir)• Swath 70 km
PALSAR (Phased Array type Lband Synthetic Aperture Radar )
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WorldView1 since October 2007
•50 cm Pan•The
smallestcommercialpixel size
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TerraSARX•1 m High Resolution Spotlight Mode•polarisation: HH
DLR / Infoterra GmbH
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Upcoming
•RADARSAT 2, soon•OrbView5: early 2007, 0.41 meter
panchromatic and 1.64metermultispectral
•WorldView 2: pan 0.45 m & 8multispectral bands 1.8 m
•EnMap hyperspectral•Etc. but we’ll wait and see!
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Subsidence map of Turku from spaceborne SAR
Blue targetssubsiding
Yellow onesaverage,stable
Red onesrisen
FGI
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Laser scanning and data handling
Point cloud preprocessing and classifications
Producing a coded surfaceor elevation model
Quality control
Extracting theamount of stonesfrom scanner data
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Laser scanning applications
• Forestry applications: volume, growth, crowndensity, individual tree (crown) identification,…
• Factory structures and devices 3D modelling– planning the upgrading– document updating– maintenance systems
• Measuring and modelling large and complexstructures
• Subsurface spaces’3D modelling• Building facades, inside spaces• Etc.
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ü Airborne
ü Ship installations
ü Terrestrial
Andre Samberg / AVAPROedu
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ALF Mk III FLSAMMain wavelength(s) 266 nm 308 nmPulse energy 20 mJ (7 ns) 150 (20 ns)Pulse repetition rate Fixed 50 Hz adjustable 50150 HzScanning mode Yes,
downlooking spotwise profilingYes,
nadiroff acrosstrackOptionalwavelengths No 360 nm, 460 nm
Spectral detectionrange
255 720 300550 for 308/360 nm450700 nm for 460 nm
Spectral bands averaged 176 512Bandwidth not applicable 0.6 nmFlight altitude 80 m 50600 mCarrying platform fixedwing fixedwing
rotarywingLevel of readiness suspended /not in operation commercial and operatingCountry Australia Estonia/CanadaQty 1 3 (+2)
Adopted from “The stateoftheart of airborne laser systems for oil mapping”by Andre Samberg in theCanadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2007, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 143149
Airborne
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Practical examples in the nearby areas
30.03.2007The Border Guard of Estonia has signed the contract for procurement ofthe customized airborne FLSA system which will serve as a payload ofrescue helicopter and patrol airplane to detect oil pollution in Estoniancoastal waters.(http://www.ldi.ee/index.php?main=282&newsID=12)
4.5.6.2007Referring to the decision by HELCOM BSAP TASK FORCE 5/2007,Estonia was requested to submit further information on the developmentof new innovative and costeffective, integrated surveillance sensorspermitting fast and reliable identification of pollutant on the sea surfaceas well as in the water column, e.g. light detection and rangingtechnologies (see Minutes of HELCOM BSAP TASK FORCE 5/2007,Annex 5, footnote 16 on page 28).
(”HELCOM BSAP Task Force 6/2007”, AdHoc Task Force for HELCOM Baltic Sea Action
Plan, 6th Meeting in Helsinki)
Andre Samberg / AVAPROedu
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Gas emission mapping
Spectrasyne Ltd.
• Not integrating from whole path but sampling from a few m distance at atime.
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FIRST
•Imaging FTIRspectrometer
•E.g. gas identification
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Finnish AISA spectrometer
•Spectral ranges as twoseparate instruments dueto technical reasons
•No service provider inFinland…
VNIR (Eagle)
SWIR (Hawk)
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Environmental analysis withairborne hyperspectral imaging
www.brgm.fr/mineo/SiteReport/Boreal_Final_report60.pdf
• Mineral & material identification• Vegetation stress (seepage waters,
dustiness, deseases, lack of nutrients,too little or too much water)
• Surface water quality• Combine with laser scanning• Find trails, etc.
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MicroHyperspec
•350/400 –1000 nm, 900 1700nm
•Lightweight for UAVs
headwallphotonics.com
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Finding the searched spectra, here blue tarpaulin
spacecomputer.com
Here through the broken barnroof
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UAVs
•Highflying HALE UAV•Airships (flying high –or at the end
of line)•Small ones, low altitude•Autonomy
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Conclusions
• There’s a multitude of instruments forenvironmental monitoring
• Don’t forget them and theirpossibilities
• Also, use & combine new instrumentsand approaches
• Spectra is strong. But spatial,spectral, radiometric and temporalresolution –any of them may go hyper