Katine mid-term review report

8/14/2019 Katine mid-term review report

1/37

MidTerm Reviewof the Katine

Community Partnerships Project

August 2009

Hazel Slavin


2/37

iMidTerm Review: Katine Community Partnerships Project, July 2009

Table of Contents

Acronyms............................................................................................................................ii

Executivesummary..............................................................................................................iii

Listofrecommendations......................................................................................................vi

Introduction..........................................................................................................................1

TherelationshipbetweentheGuardianandAMREF...........................................................3

TheConceptualBasisoftheProject....................................................................................6

ProjectActivities...................................................................................................................8

ViewsfromtheDistrictlevel.................................................................................................10

ViewsfromSubCounty......................................................................................................15

ViewsfromthreeParishes...................................................................................................16

ViewsfromtheCommunity..................................................................................................20

Genderandequityissues....................................................................................................22

QuestioningtheCommunity.................................................................................................23

Achievementrating(seeAnnex10).....................................................................................24

AMREFManagement.........................................................................................................25

TheProjectTimeFrame......................................................................................................26

PlanningforYearThree.......................................................................................................27

Planningworkshop,1517September2009.......................................................................28

2010andbeyond.................................................................................................................29


3/37

iiMidTerm Review: Katine Community Partnerships Project, July 2009

Acronyms AIDS........................... AcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome

AMREF...................... AfricanMedicalandResearchFoundation

ANC........................... AnteNatalCare

ARVs.......................... Antiretrovirals

ASRH......................... AdolescentSexualandReproductiveHealth

DAC........................... DevelopmentAssistanceCommittee DEO........................... DistrictEducationOfficer

DFID........................... DepartmentforInternationalDevelopment(UK)

DSC........................... DistrictSteeringCommittee

DWO.......................... DistrictWaterOfficer

GoU............................ GovernmentofUganda

HIV............................. HumanImmunodeficiencySyndrome

HSSP......................... HealthSectorSupportPlan

HUMC........................ HealthUnitManagementCommittee

ITNs.......................... InsecticideTreatedNets

KCPP........................ KatineCommunityPartnershipsProject

LC.............................. LocalCouncilor MDD........................... MusicDanceandDrama

MDGs......................... MillenniumDevelopmentGoals

M&E........................... MonitoringandEvaluation

MTR........................... Midtermreview

MoU........................... MemorandumofUnderstanding

NGO........................... NonGovernmentalOrganisation

NUSAF...................... NorthernUgandaSocialActionFund

OOP........................... OutofPocketExpenses

PTA............................. Parent/TeacherAssociation

PDC.......................... ParishDevelopmentCommittee

PEAP......................... PovertyEradicationActionPlan

PHASE....................... PersonalHygieneandSanitationEducation

PLWHA....................... PeoplelivingwithHIVandAIDS

PREFA....................... ProtectingFamiliesforHIV/AIDS(anNGO)

PM............................. ProjectManager

PMC.......................... ProjectManagementCommittee(atsubcountylevel)

PO.............................. ProjectOfficer

PSC........................... ProjectSteeringCommittee(atDistrictlevel)

PSC........................... ParishSanitationCommittee

PTA............................ Parent/TeachersAssociation

RBA........................... RightsBasedApproach SMC.......................... SchoolManagementCommittee

TASO......................... TheAIDSSupportOrganisation

ToR............................ TermsofReference

UGX........................... UgandanShillings

UWESO.................... UgandaWomensEfforttoSaveOrphans

VCT........................... VoluntaryCounselingandTesting

VDC........................... VillageDevelopmentCommittee

VHT............................ VillageHealthTeam

VSLA......................... VillageSavingsandLoanAssociation

WATSAN................... WaterandSanitation

WSC........................... WaterSourceCommittee


4/37

iiiMidTerm Review: Katine Community Partnerships Project, July 2009

Executive summary

TheMidTermReview(MTR)oftheKCPPtookplaceinJuly2009,ledbyHazelSlavin,anindependent

consultantcontractedbyAMREF,withsupportfromRickDavies,theGuardiansindependentevaluator.

TheKCPPisauniquedevelopmentprojectfundedbydonationsfromreadersoftheGuardianwith

matchingfundsfromBarclaysBank.ItisanintegratedProjectoffivecomponents,Health,Education,

Waterandsanitation(WATSAN),Livelihoods(includingVSLA,asobcomponentseparatelyfundedby

Barclays)andCommunityEmpowerment.TheKCPPworkswithpartnersfromgovernmentstructures

fromDistricttovillage.Thereisconsiderableintegrationbetweencomponents,particularlybetween

health,educationandWATSAN.

AftertheMTRwascompletedandaplanningsessionheldinSeptember2009,theProjectwillhave

onefullyeartorun.ThepurposeoftheMTRwastoassessprogressagainstobjectivesinallfivecom-

ponentsandtoconsidertowhatextenttheprojectisontrack.

IntheabsenceofaLogFrameanachievementratingattheendoftheMTRusedthespecicob -

jectivesandexpectedoutcomeslistedintheToRs.TheoverallscorefortheProjectatMTRis2.9

(Ihighest5lowest).

TheMTRwasdesignedtobebothinclusiveandparticipativeandusedamixofmethodsandconstant

checks.TheMTRinterviewedDistrictstaffacrossthecomponentsaswellastrainersfromUWESOand

theveterinarianfromFARMAfrica.SubCounty,ParishandVillagecommitteeswerevisitedandvillag-

ersdiscussedtheirconcernsduringinformalconversations.

ThereisnoMoUbetweenAMREFandtheGuardianandnorulesofengagementbetweentheGuard-

ianandAMREFinLondonorUganda.Thishasledtomisunderstandingsandconflict.

ThemanyvisitorstotheProjecthasputtheTeamundersomestrainbytakingup10percent(lowest

estimate)ofitsworkingtime.

IntermsoftheactivitiesplannedforYear2,therehasbeenconsiderableachievementandsuccess:

thisisnot,however,anindicationofimpactwhichtakesconsiderablylongertoassess.

SelfassessmentsbytheProjectteamassessmentsshowthattherateofimplementationisuneven.

Lookingacrossallthecomponents,twothirdswerebehindscheduleattheendofJunealthoughitis

expectedthatatleasttwoofthecomponentswillachievenearcompletionbytheendofSeptember.

TheProjectSteeringcommitteefeltthatthecapacitybuilding,thesettingupandtrainingofParishDe-

velopmentCommittees,workwithVHTs,schoolsandhealthcentres,togetherwithtraining,classroom

building,theVHTsandboreholesarethemostsuccessfulaspects.Somemembersexpresseddoubtsaboutthelevelofcapacitybuildinginrelationtotheamountofinfrastructure;manyofthecommittee

wouldliketoseemorehardwareasevidenceofchange;thereisaperceptionthatalotofmoneyhas

beenspentonlittlethatcanbeseenintermsofinfrastructure.Somemembersofthecommitteehad

expectedmoreofthebudgettobespentinKatine.

TheProjectManagementCommittee,concernedwithdaytodayimplementationoftheproject,

listedmanyachievementsandwasunitedincondemningtheshorttimeframeoftheProject.

MembersaredisappointedthattheProjecthadnotplannedforahealthcentreinMerokParishnor

sunkmoreboreholesandtherewasapleatoconsiderirrigationtocounterthelackofrain.Some

membersfeelthattherehasbeentoomuchemphasisontrainingbutdidseethatthecommittees

werepartoftherecognisedGoUstructurethatembodiesthenotionofplanningatgrassrootslevelfacilitatingbothtopicbasedandprocesstrainingandtherearereportedimprovementsincoordina-

tionandcommunityownership.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.


5/37

ivMidTerm Review: Katine Community Partnerships Project, July 2009

Generallycommitteemembersatalllevelshavebenetedfromtrainingandfeltempoweredand

motivatedbutSubcountycommitteesappeartohavedifcultyinarrangingregularmeetingsal -

thoughsomehighlymotivatedindividualshavebeeninstrumentalinoutreachworkonsanitation

andhouseholdhygiene.

Procurementhasbeenslowand,onsomeoccasions,preventedworkfromtakingplace.Agreementsto

purchasinglocally(aslongasgoodsareofacceptablequality)willhavetheadditionaleffectofbringing

businesstoSorotiandcreatingmorewealth.

AtthetimeoftheMTRtheUWESOteamhadsetup140VSLAgroupswithatleastoneineachof

the66villagesinKatine.TherearealsoVSLAineachoftheFarmersgroupssetupaspartofthe

Livelihoodscomponent..UWESOhasanoverambitioustargetofsettingup200groupsandthishas

ledtoananomaloussituation.ThegrantforVSLAendsinSeptember2009andeachgroupneeds

eightmonthsoftrainingandsupervisionbeforeitlikelytobeestablishedasaselfgoverningconcern.

GroupswerebeingformedatthetimeoftheMTRwhichmeans,ineffect,thatsomegroupswillhave

lessthanamonthofsupervision.

TheVSLgroupshavebeenhighlysuccessfulandforamodestinvestmenttheyreallymakeadifference

topeopleslives.Onegrouphascompletedacycleandhasstartedagain.Highvalueitems,suchas

heifers,bulls,ploughs,cementandbricks,werebought.Loanswereusedforschoolbooks,drugsandsmallitemstohelpincomegeneration.

AtParishlevelthereisconvictionthatthetrainingreceivedinplanning,recordingandmakingrepresen-

tationupwardswillbringchange.Theyhavebeenequippedthemwithbothknowledgeandsustainable

skills.Thenumberoflatrinesbuilthasjumpeddramatically.OjamaParishrecordedanincreasefrom

118in2008to565inmid2009.Butthereismuchconcernaboutlackofgoodqualitywater.

TwoHeathCentresrecordedhigherlevelsofattendancefortreatment,veryhighratesofimmunisation

andmorewomendeliveringintheHealthCentrelVwhere,atthetimeoftheMTRthereweredrugs

(includingFansidarformalaria,NivirapineforpaediatricARVandARVsforadults)butstockoutsare

normal.AlaboratoryhasbeenbuiltandequippedatthehealthCentrellbutthereisnofulltimememberofstaff.BothhealthCentreshaveactiveHUMC.

VHTsarehighlyactiveandinstrumentalinhelpingtoraiseratesofantenatalattendees,deliveriesattheheathcentre,improvingsanitationandhygienelevelsinthevillagesbypromotingpitlatrinesand

idealhomesteads.

Twoschoolshavebeenbuilt,10classroomsrenovatedand14areintheprocessofrenovation.Desks

andtextbookshavebeenprovidedtoschools.Latrineshavebeenbuiltatallschoolsandthreehave

rainwaterharvestingtanks.Schoolsreporthigherratesofenrollment.AMREFfacilitatedtraininghas

beenverysuccessful;schoolsanitationhasbeenimprovedthroughPHASEtraining,teachersandpar-

entshavelearnedhowtomaketeachingandlearningaids.Thereisimprovedperformanceandattend-

anceamongteachers.SchoolManagementCommitteetraininghasbeenverysuccessfulandwillbe

rolledacrosstheDistrict.

Thefootballtournamentwasasuccessandhasinspiredbothgirlsandboystotakeanactivepartin

sport.Womensfootballhasbeenwellreceived.Nets,ballsandkithavebeendistributedbytheProject

andskillshaveimproved.Thisisseenasemancipatingforthegirlsinvolvedandinspiringfortheboys.

TheCommunityMediaCentrehasaregularthroughputofusersand100havebeentrainedtousea

computer,sendemailsandsurftheweb.

WaterSourceCommitteeshavebeensetupacrossthesubcounty,thosevisitedwerecleanandwell

maintained.Thesuccessrateforcollectingmoneyhasvaried.Droughthascausedcropstofailand

thereislessincome;collectingwaterfeesmaybeincreasinglydifficultandwithoutmoneyafailed

pumpwillnotberepaired.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.


6/37

vMidTerm Review: Katine Community Partnerships Project, July 2009

ThebenefitsoftheFarmersgroups(apartfromthesuccessfulVSLAelement)havebeeninnewplant-

ingwhichsavesmoney,betterstrainsofseeds,experimentswithgraftingandbudding,growingupland

rice,communalgardensandgroupworking.Theproblemforfarmersislackofrainitislikelythatall

cropswillfailthisyear.Thereisapleatoconsiderirrigationinthesubcounty.

ThereisconcernaboutthelackofgenderequalityinallcommitteesandamongstteachersandVHTs.

ThereisapredominanceofwomenintheVSLAgroups.Theemphasisonrollingouttrainingonrights

basedapproachesshouldaddressthistosomeextent.

Ninetypercentof53personsinterviewedsaidthattheyhadexperiencedsomechangeintheirand/or

theirfamilyslifesincethestartof2008.Thoseinterviewedwereabletodescribethechangesandwhat

theywouldliketoseeKCPPprovideinthenextyear.Thisisamixofinfrastructure,schooldesksand

books,cleanwaterandfarmanimalsatthetopofthelist.

ThereisaneedforAMREFinKampalatoprovidemoremanagementsupporttotheKatineoffice.Deci-

sionsareseentobemadetooslowlybecausemostofthemhavetobereferredtoKampala.

AMREFstaffinKatinehaventhadanyopportunityforstaffdevelopment;theyshouldbefacilitatedto

gotoconferencestolearnfromothersaswellasdisseminatetheKCPP.

Threeyearsisshorttimeforadevelopmentproject,afurtheryearwouldallowtheKCPPtoachieveits

objectivesandhandovertoitsgovernmentpartners.ThisrequiresfurtherfundingfromtheGuardian

andBarclays.

YearThreeshouldfocusonsomekeycriticalinterventions,includingwhathasbeencommittedinterms

ofinfrastructure.Criticalinterventionsshouldensuremaximumimpact,sustainabilityandreectwhat

thecommunitywants.

AworkshopinSeptember2009mustagreekeydecisionsaboutKCPPsfuture;Willtherebeafourth

yearfundedbytheGuardianandBarclays?Ifsotheremustbeanagreementofthepartnershipsroles

totheendof2010andbeyond.Agreerulesofengagementandproduceanoutlineplanforwhatcriti-calinterventionscantakeplacebeforethenendof2010.

AMREFistestingamodelthatcanbereplicatedbygovernment,AMREFisnotareplacementforgov-

ernmentandmustnotbeconsideredassuch.KCPPcannotprovidetheanswertothemanyproblems

inKatinesubcounty,itcanonlymodelwaysofworkingbasedonbestpractice.Anyworkthattakes

placeinYearFourshouldbeintotalpartnershipwithlocalgovernmentandnotseenasanAMREF

watersource,orAMREFclassroomorAMREFtraining.Somecofundingfromthegovernmentisdesir-

able.BytheendoftheKCCPAMREFwillhandovertheProjectcompletelytothegovernment.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.


7/37

viMidTerm Review: Katine Community Partnerships Project, July 2009

List of recommendations

Thebasisfortheserecommendationsisdiscussedfullyinthetext.

Toclarifyrolesandresponsibilitiesofthetwopartners,TheGuardian/AMREFandCARE/AMREF(in

KAMPALA)shouldagreeappropriateMoUsassoonaspossible.

TheGuardianandAMREFLondonandUgandashoulddiscussandagreecollaborativerulesofen-

gagementassoonaspossible,preferablyattheplanningmeetinginSeptember2009.

ItwouldbeusefulifGuardianstaffarrangedashortworkshopforAMREFstaffinUganda,tohelpthem

learnhowbesttorespondtotheblogs.

AMREFshoulddevisemorecreativewaysofpresentingtheProjectinamorepurposefulwayandbe-

ginbychangingitsreportingformat.

AMREFmustengageinateambuildingandpublicrelationsexercisewiththeSteeringCommitteeto

countermisconceptionsonbothsidesaboutwhatcan,andcannot,beachieved.

TheTermsofReferencefortheSteeringandManagementCommitteesshouldbereviewedtoensure

relevanceandeffectiveness.EachmembermustbemadeawareoftheManagementcommitteesre-

sponsibilitiesintrackingtheProject.

AnurgentreviewmustbemadeofthecommitteesatSubCountyleveltodeterminewhethertheyare

necessary,combinedorreconstitutedtotakeaccountofallProjectcomponents,SubcountyandPar-

ishcommitteesmustbeassistedtomakeregularreportstotheManagementCommittee,reportsfrom

AMREFarenotappropriate.

ItisrecommendedthattheprocurementdepartmentinAMREFKampalaputsastrategyinplacetodeal

morequicklywithrequestsfromtheKCPPandmakeseveryattempttosourceitemslocallyintheDistrict.

ItisrecommendedthatBarclayscontinuetofundtheVSLAgroupsinKatineforatleastafurtheryear.

Duringthistime,theexistinggroupsshouldbesupportedandnewgroupssetupnolaterthaneight

monthsbeforetheenddateofthefunding.

DiscussionsbetweenCAREandUWESOneedtotakeplaceaboutthemeritsoftheircollaborationto

tryandreducethelevelsofbureaucracyandtransactioncosts.

AMREFKampalamustprovidemoredaytodaymanagementsupportatfieldlevelattheearliestopportunity.

Allstaffshouldbeofferedappropriatestaffdevelopmentopportunitiestoattendconferencesorstudytours.

ItisrecommendedthatheGuardianandBarclayscontinuefundingafurtheryearoftheProject(until

2011)toensurethatobjectivesarefullyachieved.

Ifnofurtherfundingisobtainedfromothersources,AMREFmustdevelopanexitplanforhowitwill

respondifanumberofprojectstaffseektoleaveKCPPforotheremploymentbeforetheprojectendsin

late2010.FailuretodosocouldjeopardisetheProjectsprogressinthelastmonthsof2010.

AMREFanditspartnersmustredesignthethirdyearbudgettoputthemaximumfundsintoagreed

activitiesandinterventions.

KCPPcannotprovidetheanswertothemanyproblemsinKatinesubcounty,itcanonlymodelwaysof

workingbasedonbestpractice.AnyworkthattakesplaceinYearFourshouldbeintotalpartnershipwith

localgovernmentandbytheendoftheProjectKCPPmustbecometheresponsibilityofgovernment.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.


8/37

MidTerm Review: Katine Community Partnerships Project, July 2009

Introduction

TheMidTermReview(MTR)oftheKCPPtookplaceinJuly2009,ledbyHazelSlavin,anindependent

consultantcontractedbyAMREF,withsupportfromRickDavies, 1theGuardiansindependentevaluator.

HisrolewastoadvisetheConsultantandproduceanoverviewoftheMTRprocess((seeAnnex11forhis

overview).TheMTRwasfacilitatedandassistedbyKCPPTeamMemberswhohelpedwithanumberof

reviewtasksandaccompaniedtheConsultantstomeetingsandinterviews.Theirpatienceandwillingas-

sistanceisgratefullyacknowledged.

TheKCPPisauniquedevelopmentprojectfundedbydonationsfromreadersoftheGuardianwithmatch-

ingfundsfromBarclaysBank.ItisanintegratedProjectoffivecomponents:

Health

Education

Waterandsanitation(WATSAN)

Livelihoods(includingVSLA)

CommunityEmpowerment

TheGuardianrunsadedicatedwebsitetotracktheprogress,successesanddifficultiesoftheproject

whichisimplementedbyAMREFtogetherwithspecificinputsprovidingtechnicalsupportfromCARE/UWESOandFARMAfrica.BarclaysseparatelyfundsasubelementoftheLivelihoodscomponent,to

encouragethesettingupandrunningofvoluntarysavingsandloansassociations(VSLA).

TheMTRwasguidedbyTermsofReference(ToR)writtenbyAMREFandagreedbyallpartners.TheToR

areAnnex1.ThereviewtookplaceoverthreeweeksandacompleteitineraryisAnnex2.TheMTRpro-

videsasnapshotoftheProjectafter18monthsofworkfromJanuary2008June2009.Initialorganisation,

planningandrecruitingstaffbeganinOctober2007.SomeinitialworkbeganinNovemberandimplementa-

tionstartedproperlyinJanuary2008.IneffectthatmeansthataftertheMTRwascompleted,andaplan-

ningsessionheldinSeptember2009,theProjecthasonefullyeartorun.

ThepurposeoftheMTRwastoassessprogressagainstobjectivesinallvecomponentsandtocon -sidertowhatextenttheprojectisontrack.ThescopeoftheMTRwasoninterimresultsatoutcome

levelthatcontributetoachievingthelongertermgoalofimprovingthequalityoflivesforthepeopleof

Katine,whathashelpedandwhathashindered(intermsofexpectedandunexpectedoutcomes)and

providerecommendationsonhowtostrengthenoutcomesforsustainabilityfortheremainderofthe

project.ThisMTRreportdoesnotreiterateallthefactsandguresthatareeasilyfoundintheAMREF

sixmonthlyreports.2

Report Structure

BecausetheKCPPisintegratedintermsofitscomponentsandwithgovernmentandthecommunity,

thisMTRreportisstructuredtohighlighttheperspectivesofthebeneciaries,asseenfromDistrict,

Subcounty,ParishandCommunitylevels.

Twomajorissuesarediscussed;theProjectanditsdonorsandthedurationoftheProject.Themanage-

mentoftheProjectisconsideredandrecommendationsaremadefortheremaininglifeoftheProjectto

maximiseimpact,ensuresustainabilityandmeetthewishesofthecommunityandProjectpartners.

Constraints

AmajorconstraintinattemptingtoreviewandgiveanachievementratingtotheProjectisthelackofa

succinctLogFrame.3Therearelistsofactivitiesandoutcomesindifferentplacesandthenearestthatthe

Projecthastoaframeworkthatsetsoutwhatitintendstodo,andhowitwillbemeasured,isthe20page

MonitoringandEvaluation(M&E)Frameworklistingeverysubcomponent.Theachievementratingatthe

1 BecauseofafamilycrisishisinvolvementintheMTRendedunexpectedlyon9thJuly.

2 Thesummaryofachievementsannex(6)isbasedonthereports.

3 LogFrames(logicalframeworks)areuniversallyusedbyalldonors.Itissummaryoftheworktobedone,whattheexpectedresults(impact)

willbe,anditwillbemeasuredandwhatrisksandassumptionsexistthatmayjeopardisetheproject.


9/37

2MidTerm Review: Katine Community Partnerships Project, July 2009

endofthereportusedthespecicobjectivesandexpectedoutcomeslistedintheToR.Theachievement

ratingwasdevisedbyadaptingaformatusedbyDFIDforitsMTRs.

MTR methods

TheMTRwasdesignedtobebothinclusiveandparticipative.ThemethodsusedduringthisMTRincluded:

readingboththewebsiteandun/publisheddocuments(seeAnnex3)

telephoneinterviewsintheUKwithAMREF,theGuardianandCARE

interviewsinKampala(AMREF,CARE,UWESO),andMbale(FARMAfrica)39visits/meetingsinSorotiandKatinesubcounty

randomwalkaboutintwoparisheshavinginformalconversations

communityviewssoughtthroughaquicksurvey

selfassessmentofeachcomponentbytheProjectteam

productionofasetofmatricesshowingwhichinterventionshavetakenplaceineachofthe66villages

ofKatinesubcounty

planningworkshopwiththeAMREFteam

debriefwithAMREFKampala

debriefwithAMREFLondon

InterviewanddiscussionquestionswerebasedonguidancedevelopedbytheOECDDevelopmentAs-

sistanceCommittee(DAC),performancemeasuresassociatedwiththeParisDeclarationandtwoothers

proposedbytheExternalEvaluator.

DAC

efciency

effectiveness

relevance

impact

sustainability

ParisDeclaration

harmonisation

alignmentExternalEvaluator

equity

transparency

Twotypesofcheckswereputinplace.Adebriengmeetingwasheldwithteammembersafterthereview

ofeachcomponent.TheMTRprocesswasreviewedregularlyandagainafterthedraftreportwaswritten.


10/37


The relationship between the Guardian and AMREF

ThecollaborationbetweenamajornewspaperandadevelopmentNGOisanexcitingventurewhichallows

readerstotrackadevelopmentprojectinwordsandimages,toseethingshappenastheytakeplace,un-

derstandtheconstraintsandproblemsofthetaskandthecontextinwhichdevelopmenttakesplace.

Alongwiththeknownsindevelopmenttherearetheunknowns4andoftenthesemakeforprogresswhich

canbetwostepsforwardandonebackoratworsttwoorthreeback.TheMTRteamsawthis,starkly,

inKatine.Despitethenewstrainsofcassavaandgroundnutscarefullyplantedinanewway,weededandtended,thecropisfailingbecausethereisinadequaterainfall.TheProjectTeamcouldnothavepredicted

thatthehardworktheyhavedonewithfarmerswouldendincropfailure.Thencometheramications;less

or,atworst,nofoodmeanschildrenarelesslikelytogotoschool,surpluscropswhichmighthavebeen

soldarentavailablesoincomedecreasesandthereissevereundernourishment.

Development,byitsnature,isslow,sometimesexcruciatinglyso.Infrastructurecantaketime,perhaps

waitingfordeliveriesofcementandbricksand,ifbuildingistakingplaceusingcommunitymembers,lo-

calpeoplemayhavetotendtheireldsandleavethebuildingsite.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatbehaviour

changeinhealthandeducationmaytakefromthreetoveyearsandonlythenwithconstantreinforcement

thathastotakeintoaccountthenuancesofculturalpressuresuchaslocalbeliefsaboutwomen,theplace

ofchildren,taboosaboutdirt,beliefsaboutfateandindividualselfdetermination.

ContrastthiswithGuardianreporterswhowantstoriesandunderstandablywantthemfastandoften.On

thegroundtheremaybefewstoriesthatmaketheProjectlookeffectiveandefcient.Storiesofwoemay

reinforcenegativestereotypesofthecountry,itspeopleandofthefailureofdevelopment.Addedtothis

mixistheopennessofthewebsitewithitsbloggersandrespondents.Thisistherstexperiencethatthe

Teamhashadwiththemediaandawebsite.Therewasnounderstandingofwhatbloggingandrespond-

ingisabout.Itwouldhavebeenhardtopredicttheeffectofbothconstantscrutiny,andwhatissometimes

perceivedasnegativecomment,ontheProjectteamwhogotoworkanticipatingwhattheymightseeon

thewebsitetomakethemfeelupset,sometimesconfusedandangry.Understandingtheconventionsofthe

websiteandbloggingisnewinKatineandtheGuardiancouldhelpinthelearningprocess.

Thisisnottosaythatrealdifcultiesandmistakeshaventbeenreportedwell.TheProjectcontinues

tolearnfromerrorsofjudgmentandhasmadechangesaccordingly,forexample,usinglocalbuilding

contractors.Workingtogetherhasbeenasteeplearningcurve;fortheGuardiantolearnthecomplex-

ity,frustrations,disappointments,problemsandpaceofdevelopmentandforAMREFtobeinthemedia

spotlight.AMREFcertainlydidntrealisewhatbeingpartofamediaprojectwouldentailor,perhaps,even

thepurposeofitandshouldhavebeenmoreassertiveaboutwhatitcouldorcouldnotdotoaccommo-

datetheneedsoftheGuardian.

Nowhereisthismoreevidentthanintheaftermathofthefootballtournament.Arrangementsforthetourna-

mentcutacrossallother,planned,activitiesforseveralmonthsandthereappearstohavebeenabreak-

downineffectivecommunication.AlthoughTeammembersseethetournamentasauseful,groundbreaking

activitywithhighqualityeducationaleffects,itisnowevidentthattheywereoverwhelmedbythetaskbut

didnotadmitthistotheGuardian.Thelocallyemployedfootballconsultantwasnotproperlybriefedabout

theprocessesthatneededtobeinplacebyeithertheGuardianorAMREFwhichmademattersworse.The

4 Asweknow,thereareknownknowns.Therearethingsweknowweknow.Wealsoknowthereareknownunknowns.Thatistosaywe

knowtherearesomethingswedonotknow.Buttherearealsounknownunknowns,theoneswedontknowwedontknow.Donald

Rumsfeld,formerUSDefenceSecretary,2002

Recommendation

ItwouldbeusefulifGuardianstaffarrangedashortworkshopforAMREFstaffinUganda,tohelp

themlearnhowbesttorespondtotheblogs.


11/37


ramicationsoftimespentonthefootballtournamentwerestillevidentwhentheMTRtookplacemonths

laterandTeammemberswerestilltryingtocatchupforthattheyseeaslosttime.TheFootballcompeti-

tionisrecognisedasasuccessbutanestimated10percentoftheTeamstimewasspentonplanningand

helpingwitharrangementsoverseveralmonths.

TheKCPPhasreceivedfarmorevisitorsthananydevelopmentprojectwouldexpectandcopingwiththe

almostconstantstreamofvisitorsnotonlyfromtheGuardianhasputsomestrainontheProjectteam.

Anestimationofdaysspenthostingvisitorsandthereforelosttoworkhasbeendifculttoobtainasno

accuraterecordshavebeenkeptbutthebestlowestguesstimatefromSeptember2007untilJuly2009is2110personhours;264workingdays.HowthisgurehasbeencalculatedcanbeseeninAnnex4.There

havebeenmanyvisitsnotincludedonthetableandthisguredoesnotincludeanytimespentonthefoot-

balltournament.

Therearetwounderlyingproblemshere;thereisnoagreedmemorandumofunderstanding(MoU)be-

tweentheGuardianandAMREFaboutwhodoeswhatandwhomakesdecisionswhennewactivitiesor

eventstakeplace.Whoisincharge?IsitAMREFstaffortheGuardian?Thereshouldbeaclearsetof

rulesthatsatisfyallpartiesabouttheroleofeachofthem.ItisnotedthatnoMoUexistsbetweenAMREF

andCAREinUgandaandthistoomustberectied.

Secondly,thereisaneedtosetsomerulesofengagementforworkingtogetherinthethirdyearasthe

GuardianandAMREFwouldbothbenetfromworkingtogethercreativelyratherthanbyrespondingde-

fensivelyaftertheevent.Attheendof2007asocalledTeamDaytookplaceinLondontoestablishclarity

aroundgovernanceandplanningforthesuccessofthepartnership5butanyagreementsmadeatthat

meetingappearnottohaveheldandtherelationshiphasbecomeguardedand,occasionally,adversarial.It

wouldbeworthrevisitingtheagreementsmadeattheTeamDayandagreeasetofrulesbasedonsome

keyprinciplessuchas:

alwayscheckingrst

askingratherthandemanding

respondingfaster

honestyifexpectationscantbemet

notblamingbutsearchforunderstandingculturalsensitivity

Furthermore,andcritically,therearenorulesofengagementbetweentheGuardianandAMREFinUganda.

AgreementsmadeforworkingtogetherarebetweenthepartiesinLondonbuttheactionisinUganda.

ItisfairtosaythatAMREFsresponsetotheblogsoftenappearsdefensiveandthewaytheProjectpresents

itselfisnotalwayscleartotheGuardianoritsreaders.Newwaysmustbefoundtoreportbothsuccessand

problemsinamoreforthrightandbalancedmannerthatstrikesabalancebetweentheonthegroundreality

ofcommunitybaseddevelopmentandtheneedforinterestingstories.

5 Outputnotes,PartnershipWorkshop,27thNovember2007,MannyAmadi,Cause&EffectLtd

Recommendation

TheGuardianandAMREFLondonandUgandashoulddiscussandagreecollaborativerulesof

engagementassoonaspossible,preferablyattheplanningmeetinginSeptember2009.

Recommendation

TheGuardian/AMREFandCARE/AMREFshouldagreeappropriateMoUsassoonaspossible.


12/37


ChangingtheformatofAMREFssixmonthlyreportswouldhelptomakethemlivelyandmorethanalistof

achievements.Thenarrativereportsdescribeawiderangeofactivitiesbutarelessclearonwhatthemain

measuresofprogressshouldbe.Progressreportingonvariousindicatorsseemstobealmostopportun-

istic.ThereareGoUobjectivesandnationalaveragesthatcouldbethebasisofthesetargets,particularly

inhealth,educationandWATSANcomponentsandpossiblyothers.Thesespecicobjectivesneedtobe

publicisedbyAMREFanditsgovernmentpartnersperhapsusinglocalradio.TheExternalEvaluatorhas

alreadynotedtheneedtoimprovereportingandsuggestionsareinAnnex5.

Recommendation

AMREFshoulddevisemorecreativewaysofpresentingtheProjectinamorepurposefulwayand

beginbychangingitsreportingformat.


13/37


The Conceptual Basis of the Project

FromtheoutsettheProjecthassoughttocollaboratecloselywithGovernmentandcommunitystructuresat

alllevels;itisaPartnershipsProjectandalignslocalgovernmentandwithNationalandLocalgovernment

policiesandpriorities.ThefollowingtablesummarisesthemainareasofcollaborationandIntegration.

Component Collaboration and Integration

Health KCPPsharesworkplansandworkscloselywiththeDistrictHealthTeam,sourcestrainersonagreedtrainingandparticipatesinWorldAIDSdays.Healthworkersinthethreehealthcentres

participateinplanning,selectionofparticipantsandtrainingofVHTsandimplementationof

immunisationoutreach.TheprojectworkswithincludeTASOforVCTandPREFAtosupply

nevirapine.TheProjectiscurrentlyreplacingtheroofontheCatholicChurchrunhealthclinic.

Education ClosecooperationandpartnershipwithDistrictEducationDepartmentandSorotiPrimary

TrainingCollegeinplanningandimplementationofactivitiesandimplementationofcapacity

buildingactivitiesforteachersandPTAs.

WATSAN Materialonthepromotion,use,operationandmaintenanceofecologicalincollaborationwiththe

DirectorateofWaterDevelopmentandMinistryofWaterandEnvironment.

Livelihoods WorkingwithDistrictNaturalResources,CommunityDevelopment,ProductionandMarketing,

togetherwithFARMAfricaincommunitybasedanimalhealthservicesrelatedactivitiesandtrainingofparavets(organisedanexchangevisitofparavetstoKaramoja).Workcloselywith

UWESOonVSLAactivities.Meetingswithotherdevelopmentpartnersthroughthestakeholders

livelihoodsforum.

Community

Empowerment

CoordinatedprojectactivitiesthroughpartnershipwithPMSandPSCwheresubcountyand

districtpartnersdiscussandalignworkplansandstrategyforKCPP.Districtpartnersconsulted

andconsensusreachedontherightsrelatedmessages.Atsubcountylevel,thesubcounty

chiefandLCIIIchairmanconsultedforjoinplanningandmobilisationofactivities.Atcommunity

levelworkcloselywiththelocalleaders,LCsandparishchiefs,forcommunitymobilisation.

UgandasPovertyEradicationActionPlan(PEAP)istheframeworkforbothnationaldevelopmentandfor

strivingtoachievethe(MDGs).TheProjectisstructuredaroundthePEAPs5

th

pillarwhichrecognisesthatahealthy,welleducated,productivepopulationisanecessaryconditionfordevelopmentandpri-

oritiseshealthoutcomesthroughtheinvolvementofothersectorsincludingWATSAN,education,liveli-

hoodsandcommunityempowerment,inordertoaddresstheunderlyingsocioeconomicdeterminantsof

illhealthinUganda.

Thevecomponentshaveanagreedsetofobjectivesandsubobjectivessummarisedhere.

Health

TheHealthcomponentoftheprojectworkscloselywiththeDirectorofHealthandtrainingimplemented

bytheProjectissupportedbyinputfromDistricttrainers.AlignedcloselytotheGovernmentofUgandas

HealthSectorSupportProgramme11(HSSP11)thehealthcomponentrecognisesthatpoorhealthisthe

leadingcauseandconsequenceofpovertyinUgandasoit:focusesonpromotinghealth

preventingdisease

theprovisionofbasiccurativeservices

prioritisesimmunisation,sanitationandhygiene,reproductivehealth,malariaandHIV/AIDS

emphasisestheroleofcommunities,householdsandtheindividualsownershipofhealthand

healthservices

buildscapacityofhealthsubdistrictandVillageHealthTeams(VHT)formoreeffectiveandequitable

servicedelivery

Education

TheeducationcomponenthascloseliaisonwiththeDistrictInspectorofSchoolsinKatineandtheCentreCoordinatingTutor(attachedtotheSorotiPrimaryTeachingCollege)andseeksto:

focusonchildcenteredmethodologiestoimproveacademicperformance

promoteadolescentfriendlyreproductivehealthcounseling


14/37


provideteachingmaterialstoteachersandpupilstofacilitateteachingandlearning

trainteachersandparentstoproduceteachingandlearningmaterialsusinglocalresources

supportsupervisionexercisesandfollowupofteachertrainingbyAMREFandtheDEO

strengthenlinksbetweenschoolsandcommunitiestopromotepersonalhygieneandsanitation

education(PHASE)

TheWATSANcomponentworkscloselywiththeDistrictWaterofceandotherwaterrelatedagenciesin

SorotiDistrict.Itseeksto:

increaseaccesstosafewaterIncreaseaccesstobasicsanitation

increasepersonalhygieneamongstcommunitymembers

facilitatecommunityempowermenttomanagewatersourceseffectively

Livelihoods

Therearetwodistinctbutrelatedactivitiesinthelivelihoodscomponent.Oneisconcernedwithimproving

farmingmethods6toimprovecropyield,encourageplantingofnewvarietiesofseeds,raisenurserybeds

andimprovecapacity.TheotheristoformVSLAgroupssomeofwhicharefarmersassociationswhile

othersaregroupsofvillagers.TheVSLAactivitiesaretechnicallysupportedbyUWESOandBarclaysfund

thissubcomponentseparately.

Thiscomponentseeksto:

increasethecapacityofruralinnovationgroupstomanagethemselvesforimprovedandsustainable

livelihoods

establishrurallivelihoodsstakeholderforumsforsustainablecoordinationoflivelihoodsactivities

harnesstechnologytoimprovefoodsecurity,nutritionandincomegeneration

enhancebusiness&marketingskillstoaccessbettermarketsforproducts

setupVSLAgroupstofacilitatesavings

Community Empowerment

ThiscomponentisinstrumentalinsupportingtheProjectSteeringCommitteeandworksacrossallthe

components.Itseeksto:

strengthenlocalgovernanceenhancecommunityplanningtomeetcommunityneeds

enablepeopletomobilise,organise,communicateandparticipatewithintheformalsectortodemand

andreceivebasicservices

Eachcomponentlinksbothconceptuallyandindailyworkingpractice.Health,EducationandWATSAN

arecloselyalliedwitheachother;efforthasbeenmadetoensurethatschoolshaveadequatelatrinesand

thereisemphasisonhealthandhygieneeducation.TheLivelihoodscomponentunderpinstheneedtoim-

provethesocioeconomicsituationofthecommunityinKatine.CommunityEmpowermentisacrosscut-

tingcomponent,settingup,trainingandempoweringcommitteesatschool,healthcentre,watersource,

village,parishandsubcountylevel.

6 Suchasrowplanting,buddingandgrafting


15/37


Project Activities

BoththelatestProjectSixmonthReport7togetherwithMadeleineBuntingsveblogs8tomarkthemid

waypointoftheProject,clearlyoutlineachievementsandproblemsinthedeliveryoftheProject.Alistof

completedactivitiesandachievementsisinAnnex6.

IntermsoftheactivitiesplannedforYear2,therehasbeenconsiderableachievementandsuccess:this

isnot,however,anindicationofimpactwhichtakesconsiderablylongertoassess.Forexample,raising

theschoolenrollmentofgirlsiscertainlyhappeningbuttheimpactfromdoingthiswillnotbemeasurableforsomeyearsuntilaftergirlsleaveschoolandseekfurtherstudyoremployment.Similarly,theincreased

immunisationratesnowwillonlybegintoshowintheepidemiologicalguresthreetoveyearsafterthe

event.Somesimpler,observable,measuresdoexisttotrackimpactmorequickly;ratesofdiarrhoeaand

malariaaresaidtobegoingdownbutingeneraltheseareanecdotalmeasuresandmoredifculttoattri-

butetoanyoneactivitywithinthespaceofoneandahalfyears.Forexample,malariaratesmaybegoing

downbecausemorepeopleareusingITNsbutifthereisdrought,thereislessstandingwaterandfewer

mosquitoes.Changesindaytodayschoolattendanceandcompletionratesattheendoftheyearhave

beenreportedandaremorelikelytobedirectlyattributabletoProjectinput.

Thereisconsiderableintegrationbetweencomponents,particularlybetweenhealth,educationandWAT-

SAN(forexampleinthebuildingoflatrinesinschoolswithlessonsandactivitiesonhygieneandhealth)andthisistobebothexpectedandapplauded.Tosomeextenttherehasbeenworkwithschoolchildrenon

empowerment(usingthemediacentre)andwithallcomponentsintheformulation,runningandtrainingof

77communitycommittees.TheLivelihoodscomponentislessintegratedatthemoment,althoughtheset-

tingupofschoolgardensisonewaytobringnewagriculturalmethodsintoschoolwork,forexample.

AmajoractivitycompletedbytheProjectTeamduringtheMTRwasaselfassessmentoftheimplementa-

tionofeachcomponentandtheseareshownindetail,withthesubobjectives,inAnnex7andinsummary

below.Thetablesshowimplementationofactivitiesduringtherst18monthsoftheProjectwithamixof

infrastructureandtrainingacrossthecomponents.Theassessmentsshowthattherateofimplementation

isuneven.Lookingacrossallthecomponents,twothirdswerebehindscheduleattheendofJune.Itcould

beexpectedthat75percentwouldbecompletedbytheendofSeptemberbutthislooksunlikelytohappenexceptintheHealthandWATSANcomponents.

SummaryofAnnex7,eachobjectivehassubobjectivesandtheseareinturnlinkedtooutcomes.

Health

ObjectivesNO of

activities

% completed

by June 09

Expected %

by Sept 09

ImprovecommunitybasedtreatmentandcareforHIV/AIDS,

malaria,TB,RHandchildhoodillnesses8 93.2% 100%

ImprovequalityhealthservicesforHIV.AIDS,malaria,TB,

RHandchildhoodillnesses 9 75% 88%

Strengthenruralhealthsystems 7 60.7% 68%

Education

ObjectivesNO of

activities

% completed

by June 09

Expected %

by Sept 09

Improveteachingandlearningenvironment 13 73.1% 92.3%

Promoteinclusiveeducationofgirls,disabledchildren,

orphansandvulnerablechildren(OVC)4 50% 50%

7 KatineCommunityPartnershipsProject6monthnarrativereportOctober2008March2009,preparedbyOscarOkech

ReviewingKatine,tomarkthemidwaypointoftheProjectandfocusingontheveprojectcomponentshealth,education,waterand

sanitationandlivelihoods


16/37


ObjectivesNO of

activities

% completed

by June 09

Expected %

by Sept 09

Strengthencommunityownershipoverschoolsupervision 4 50% 75%

WATSAN

ObjectivesNO of

activities

% completed

by June 09

Expected %

by Sept 09

Improveaccesstosafewater 5 34.5% 34.5%

Increaseratesofpersonalhygieneandaccesstobasic

sanitation3 83% 100%

Facilitatecommunityempowermenttomangewater

sourceseffectively5 55% 60%

Livelihoods

ObjectivesNO of

activities

% completed

by June 09

Expected %

by Sept 09

Increasecapacityofruralinnovationgroupstomanagethemselvesforimprovedandsustainablelivelihoods 5 0 100%

Rurallivelihoodsstakeholdersforumestablishedfor

sustainablecoordinationoffarmergroups1 50% 75%

Technologyisharnessedtoimprovefoodsecurity,nutrition

andincomegeneration1 50% 75%

Businessandmarketingskillsareenhancedtoaccessbetter

marketsfortheirproducts8 18.75% 75%

Community Empowerment

ObjectivesNO of

activities

% completed

by June 09

Expected %

by Sept 09

Strengthenlocalgovernance 9 33.3% 90%

EnhanceCommunityplanningtomeetcommunityneeds

better12 32.3% 83.7%

ThefollowingsectionoftheMTRattemptstoprovideanoverviewoftheKCPPfromtheperspectivesof

stakeholdersatdifferentlevelsoflocalgovernmentorganisation.

ItbeginswiththeviewsofthoseworkingatDistrictlevel:

ProjectSteeringandManagementCommitteesActingDistrictHealthofcer

AreaSchoolInspector

CentreCoordinatingTutor

DistrictWaterOfcer

DistrictProductionCoordinator

DistrictNaturalResourcesOfcer

CommunityDevelopmentOfcer

DistrictVeterinaryOfcer

FARMAfricasveterinarian(inMbale)

UWESO


17/37


Views from the District level

AccordingtotheProjectSteeringCommittee(theoverarchingcommitteethatoverseestheProjectatthe

Districtlevel)theProjectlinksalmostentirelywithGoUtargets.TheWATSANtargetsarealignedwithGoU

targetsandtheimmunisationrateshavealmostreached89.3percent(from68percentatstartup)almost

reachingtheGoUtargetof90percentTheProject,memberssaid,augmentgovernmentseffortbutits

cominghadraisedexpectationsatbothDistrictandcommunitylevel.Theprojecthasbeendescribedas

settingupmodelvillagesandevenononeoccasion,asLondoninKatine.9

Thecommitteementionedthatthecapacitybuilding,thesettingupandtrainingofParishDevelopment

Committees,workwithVHTs,schoolsandhealthcentres,togetherwithtraining,classroombuilding,the

VHTsandboreholesarethemostsuccessfulaspects.Therearethoseonthecommitteewhoexpressed

doubtsaboutthelevelofcapacitybuildinginrelationtotheamountofinfrastructure;manyofthecommittee

wouldliketoseemorehardwareasevidenceofchange.

MembersacknowledgedthatschoolattendancehasincreasedbutsuggestedthattheProjectisonlypartof

Districtattemptstoraiseenrollmentrates.OnememberofthecommitteedescribedthetrainingforSchool

ManagementCommittees(SMCs)aswonderfulandsaidthemodelwillberolledoutacrosstheentiredis-

trict.Thisisamajorsuccess.Thecommitteeapplaudedthefootballtournamentasitwasfocusedsolelyon

youthandraisedtheproleofsportforgirlsaswellasboys.

Thereis,nevertheless,aperceptionthatalotofmoneyhasbeenspentonlittlethatcanbeseenintermsof

infrastructure.Justhowmuchmoneyisavailableisagurethatcanbemisrepresentedbuttheentiresum

whenbrokenintomanagement,transportandstaffcostsleavesareasonablebutnotexcessiveamount

foractivitiesandworkontheground.Thegureisatleast70percentofthetotalbudgetandthisisre-

gardedasanacceptableamountindevelopmentprojectsworldwide.Somemembersofthecommitteehad

expectedtheentirebudgettobespentinKatineandaredisappointedandangry.Thisangergoesbeyond

nancialissues;avociferousgroupquestionselementsofAMREFsapproach,particularlyontheissueof

hardware/software,andthishashadaneffectonhowsomemembersviewAMREFmanagement.

TheProjectManagementCommittee,concernedwithdaytodayimplementationoftheproject,isco

chairedbytheSubcountyChief.

ThecochairlistedmanyProjectachievementssofar:

functioninghealthclinics

theworkoftheVHTs

distributionofbicyclesandmotorcycles

raisedimmunisationrates

ITNsdistributedandthesubsequentdropinratesofmalaria

schoolconstructionandrehabilitation

textbookdistribution

training

latrinesandhandwashingeducationinschools

newseeds

talkshows

9 ThiscommentwasmentionedseveraltimesduringtheMTR,apparentlybyvisitorfromtheGuardian,butnoonewasable,orwilling,to

saywhomadeit.

Recommendation

AMREFmustengageinateambuildingandpublicrelationsexercisewiththeSteeringCommittee

tocountermisconceptionsonbothsidesaboutwhatcan,andcannot,beachieved.


18/37


boreholesforsafewater

themediaresourcecentre

functioninglocalcommittees

ThecommitteewasunitedincondemningtheshorttimeframeoftheProjectandwasdisappointedthatthe

ProjecthadnotplannedforahealthcentreinMerokParishnorsunkmoreboreholesandtherewasaplea

toconsiderirrigationtocounterthelackofrain.Somemembersfeelthattherehasbeentoomuchempha-

sisontrainingbutdidseethatthecommitteeswerepartoftherecognisedGoUstructurethatembodiesthe

notionofplanningatgrassrootslevel,fromVillageDevelopmentCommittee(VDC)toParishDevelopmentCommittee(PDC)totheDistrict.ItwasreportedthatthesystemhadntfunctionedwellbeforetheAMREF

training,itisnowworkingbetterandismuchmorelikelytobesustainablebecausethestructureisembed-

dedinthesystem.

TheManagementCommitteeischargedwithreadingandrespondingtoreportsfromthedistrictandSub

Counties,yettheSubCountyHealthCommitteehasnotmetsinceOctober2008andtheManagement

Committeehasnotappearedtohavenotedthisanomaly.AMREFappearstobethemainsourceofinfor-

mationabouttheProject,whereasitshouldbethevariouscommitteesthatreportontheProject.

TheActingDistrictHealthOfcerhasresponsibilityfortheperformanceofHeathCentres.Heapplauded

thetrainingforVHTsandexplainedthatAMREFcoordinatedandfacilitatedbutmuchofthetrainingwasdonebyDistrictgovernmentstaffwhoalsoidentiedtheappropriateparticipants.Inoutliningtheproblems

inthesubcountyheexplainedthatstaffnormswerewellbelowGoUtargets.Thelackofhumanresources

forhealthisacriticalissueinUgandaandparticularlyinKatine.AMREFisaddingvaluetothehealthser-

vicebyfacilitatingbothtopicbasedandprocesstrainingandtherearereportedimprovementsincoordina-

tionandcommunityownership.

TheAreaSchoolInspectorworkscloselywiththeProjectteammembers.Hereferredtobetterrunningof

schoolsthroughthetrainingofSchoolManagementCommittees(SMCs)withParent/TeacherAssocia-

tions(PTAs)togetherotherparentsgrowingengagementwithschools.AMREFhasfacilitatedtrainingon

theGoUsnewthematiccurriculum10forprimaryschoolsandworkedwithteachersonlessonplansthat

includeevaluationtechniques.Personalhygiene,genderissues,music,danceanddrama(MDD)andsportarehighlightedassuccessfulventures.Schoolsaretakingactiontopreventabsenteeism.Morechildren

attendschoolinthemorningthantheafternoon.Manychildrenarriveatschoolhavinghadnofoodand

althoughsomerunhomeatlunchtime,mostdonoteatuntilfouroclockintheafternoon.Currentlythereis

noschoolfeedingprogramme.

TheInspectorthoughttheimpactfromtheAMREFfacilitatedtrainingwasgreat.Parentsnowseeschools

aspartoftheircommunityandpartoftheirresponsibility.HebelievedthatthemoodinKatinehadchanged;

teachersknowwhattodoandaremoremotivated;parentsfeelinvolvedandpupilsknowwhatisexpected

ofthem.Schoolswerecleaner,tidierandmorehygienic.

10 ThecurriculumistaughtinlocallanguageandfocusesonlocalissuesforallcurriculumsubjectsuntilPrimaryYear5.

Recommendation

TheTermsofReferencefortheSteeringandManagementCommitteesshouldbereviewedtoensure

relevanceandeffectiveness.EachmembermustbemadeawareoftheManagementcommittees

responsibilitiesintrackingtheProject.

SubcountyandParishcommitteesmustbeassistedtomakeregularreportstotheManagement

Committee.


19/37

Well planted cassava wilting from lack of rain.


ThefollowingtableindicatesthedepthofproblemsintheeducationsectorinKatine:

GoUTarget ActualinKatine

N=14schools

Latrine 40:1 42.5:111

Desks 3:1 6:1

Textbooks 3:1 11:1

Classsize 60:1 73:112

PlanstobemadeforyearthreeoftheProjectmusttakeintoaccounttheinfrastructureandmaterial

needsofschools.

TheCentreCoordinatingTutorisattachedtotheteachertrainingcollegeinSoroti.Heprovidesallnewly

trainedteacherswithsupportandguidanceforoneyear.Hisparticularconcernsarethelackofhousesfor

teachersandthelackoffoodinschools.HeisworkingwithAMREFaspartofthetrainingteam.Hesees

thetrainingasanimportantstepinbringingequitytotheeducationsector.

TheDistrictWaterOfcer(DWO),togetherwiththeWaterOfcerinchargeofhygieneandsanitation

promotionandWaterOfcerinchargeofcommunitymobilisationspokeofimprovedwaterprovisionin

Katine;theeightboreholesprovidedthroughtheProjectbroughtthetotalnumberto57.TheDistrictstaff

workcloselywiththeAMREFteamandundertakejointworkonplanningandwaterqualitytestingaswell

ascommunitysensitisationandtraining.GeologicaldifferencesinKatineresultinsomewatertasting

saltywhilstotherwaterhasanironavour.TheDWOrecognisedthatOperationandMaintenancepres -

entsaproblemofsustainabilitybutbelievedthatthewatersourcecommittees(WSCs),equippedwith

newskillsfromthetraining,couldovercomethisproblem.HecontrastedAMREFsapproachtothatof

theNorthernUgandaSocialActionFund(NUSAF)thatsetupWSCsbeforeconstruction,providedlittle

supportafterwardsandsawenthusiasmandnumbersdwindlewithintwoyears.Havingapaidcaretaker

islesslikelytoseethecommitteefade.Herecognisedpoornancialmanagementbysomecommittees

butmodelsexistforsustainabilityandnancialprobity.IntimeitmaybepossibleforWSOtoelecttobe -

comeaVSLA.Monitoringisundertaken

onaquarterlybasisbyasubcountycommitteewhochargetheParishChief

withresponsibilitytoensurefunctionality

ofwatersources.

AmeetingwasheldattheDistrictPro-

ductionOfficeandtheMTRteammet

theDistrictProductionCoordinator,the

DistrictVeterinaryOfficer,theDistrict

NaturalResourcesOfficerandaCom-

munityDevelopmentOfficertodiscuss

theLivelihoodscomponent.

Therehasbeenjustiablecriticismthatthe

Projectisworkingonlywith18groupsof

farmerswhentherehasbeenahugede-

mandforassistanceinagriculturaldevel-

opmentandanimalhusbandry.Cassava

cropshavebeenaffectedbybothCassava

BrownStreakandCassavaMosaic.This,

coupledwithdrought,hasmadefarminga

precariousoccupation.Thevisionoffarm-

ersistocreatewealthsufcientforchil-

11 Thehighestratioofpupilstolatrineis115:1andthelowest15:1

12 Largestclass=108pupils,smallest=45


20/37


drentoeatthreemealseachday,atpresentschoolsreportedthatmanychildrenarehavingjustonemeal

incontrasttothebaselinesurveyof15percentofchildren.

TheProjecthasbeensuccessfulinprovidingnewvarietiesofgroundnutsandcassavaandthepromotion

ofnurserybedstogrowseedlings13toplantorsell.Farmershavebeentaughtnewskills,suchasthevisu-

allyevidentrowplanting,ratherthanscatteringseedsinalldirections.Nevertheless,droughthasrendered

muchofthehealthycropuseless.Farmerswantmoreinputandavarietyofimplementssuchasfertiliser,

wheelbarrowsandhandtools.TheDistrictteampointtosuccessinthefollowingareas:

settingupalivelihoodsstakeholdersforum

introductionofnewstrains/seeds

theintroductionofuplandricecultivation

buildingaproducestoreinKatine

settingupfarmers/VSLAgroups

Howeveritisknownthat,ingeneral,trainingwithoutthenecessarystartupkitsforfarmersisnot

helpfulandAMREFmustacknowledgethishasbeenamistakeandensurethatkitsareprovidedfor

newlyformedgroups.

Learninggoodanimalhusbandryisanecessity.Thefarmingsystem,withopen,unfencedfarms,leadsto

animalillhealthbecausethesickmeetthehealthy.ThetrainingofsevenparavetsbytheFARMAfrica

veterinarianhasbeenasuccessfulventureandfourofthemwereinterviewedbytheMTRteam.Thepara

vetsweretrainedinsimpleveterinaryproceduresandbusinessskillsinFebruary2009but,todate,they

havebeenpreventedfromworkingbythelackofanagreedkitofgumboots,raincoat,bag,instruments14

anddrugs.Theparavets,whowillmakemoneyfromsellingtheirservicesanddrugsthenrestocktheir

drugkitfromlocaldrugshopsarefrustratedbyhavingtowait.

TheissueoflocalpurchasinghasbeenadifcultoneforAMREFandhasntyetbeensolved.Buyingin

bulkfromKampalamay,insomecases,becosteffectiveandchecksonqualityeasierbutitisreported

thatonmanyoccasionsthishascausedlengthydelays.InaninterviewwiththeFARMAfricaveterinarian

itwasevidentthatthishascausedfriction.Sheisclearthatthesimpleequipmentanddrugsareeasilyob-

tainableinSorotiandcouldbesourcedanddeliveredinamatterofdays.ThereisnoreasonwhyAMREFcannotspeedupthepurchaseprocessanddiscussionsinKampala,aftertheMTReldwork,suggestthat

itwill.ItisacknowledgedbyAMREFthatprocurementhastakentoolongandactionhasbeenagreedto

ensurefasterlocalprocurementaslongasthequalityofgoodsisacceptable.Fasterpurchasingandbuy-

inglocallyhavetheadditionaleffectofbringingbusinesstoSorotiandcreatingmorewealth.

UWESOisimplementingtheVSLAprogrammeundertheguidanceofCAREwhopioneeredtheworkand

devisedandtestedthemethodology.Groupsmusthave15ormoremembersbutnevermorethan30and

therearesixsessionsoftrainingongroupformation,VSLAconceptsandleadership,elections,bylaws

andconstitution,recordkeeping,meetingproceduresandconictresolutionandpracticingsavingand

loaning.Membersareexpectedtoattendallmeetingsandbesmartlydressed.Thosewhoarelatepaya

smallne.Theproceduresforthemeetingareritualisedandundertakeninreverentsilence.

13 mangoseedlingshavebeenamongstthoseraisedthisway

14 hooftipper,drenchinggun,thermometers,burdizzo

Recommendation

ItisrecommendedthattheprocurementdepartmentinAMREFKampalaputsastrategyinplaceto

dealmorequicklywithrequestsfromtheKCPPandmakeseveryattempttosourceitemslocallyintheDistrict.


21/37


AtthetimeoftheMTRtheUWESOteamhadsetup140VSLAgroupswithatleastoneineachofthe66

villagesinKatine.TherearealsoVSLAineachoftheFarmersgroupssetupaspartoftheLivelihoods

component.TheVSLAgroupsaremobilisedusingchurches,themarketandtradingcentre,housetohouse

visits,postersandlocalleaders.Womenformthemajorityofmembers,67percentofthetotal.

UWESOhasanoverambitioustargetofsettingup200groupsandthishasledtoananomaloussituation.

ThegrantforVSLAendsinSeptember2009andeachgroupneedseightmonthsoftrainingandsupervi-

sionbeforeitlikelytobeestablishedasaselfgoverningconcern.Groupswerebeingformedatthetimeof

theMTRwhichmeans,ineffect,thatsomegroupswillhavelessthanamonthofsupervision.Itwasagreedthatnofurthergroupswouldbeformedandinthelasttwomonths,effortwouldbemadetotrainthenew

groupsuptoapointwhereitmightbepossibleforthemtocontinue.

TheVSLgroupshavebeenhighlysuccessfulandforamodestinvestmenttheyreallymakeadifference.

UWESOhasmasteredthetrainingandsupportofVSLAgroupsanditisdebatablenowwhether

boththeUKandKampalaCAREofficescanaddvaluetothiscomponentotherthanasaconduit

forreceivingfunding.

VSLAcouldbeintroducedonatrialbasisforothercommunitycommitteeswheremoneychangeshands.A

trialoftwoorthreecommitteesshouldstartifthecommitteehasrunningsuccessfullyforatleastoneyear

andhasproveditcanmanageitsnances.

Recommendation

DiscussionsbetweenCAREandUWESOneedtotakeplaceaboutthemeritsoftheircollaborationtotryandreducethelevelsofbureaucracyandtransactioncosts.

Recommendation

ItisrecommendedthatBarclayscontinuetofundtheVSLAgroupsinKatineforatleastonefurther

year.Duringthistime,theexistinggroupsshouldbesupportedandnewgroupssetupnolaterthan

sixmonthsbeforetheenddateofthefunding.


22/37


23/37


Views from three Parishes

TheselectionofParishestovisitwasbased

ontheMTRteamsrequesttovisitonewell

performingcommitteeandonelesswell

performingcommittee.

TheMTRteamhelddiscussionswithmem-

bersofbothOjomandOjamaParishDevel-opmentCommittees(PDCs)twoofthesix

inthesubcounty.Themembersorganise

meetingstodiscussandplanwaysforward

fortheParish.Theyreceivereportsand

plansfromthevillagelevelviathePDCs

andcollectdatatostrengthentheirrepre-

sentationsupwardstothesubcountyand

thenonwardstoDistrictlevel.Majorcon-

cernsatpresentincludelackofdrugs,par-

ticularlytotreatmalaria,15lackofadequate

watersourcesandpoorroads.

AtOjomthePDCmembersfeltthatinprevi-

ousyearstheirplanninghadnotbeentaken

seriouslyatDistrictlevelandthiscaused

disappointment.Thecommitteestraining

hashelpedthemtoprioritisetheirneeds,

keepbetterrecordsandtheyfeelthem-

selvesempoweredtotalkatDistrictlevel.

Everyoneonthecommitteeisfreelyelectedandtherearenosecrets.ItisimportantfortheProjectto

trackwhetherornotPDCsplansareconsideredseriouslywhentheyreachDistrictlevelandwhetherim-

provedplanningatvillageandDistrictlevelhasanyimpactonDistrictplans.

CommitteemembersfeltthattheProjecthasbroughtmanybenets;boreholes,permanentclass -

rooms,bicyclesfortheVHTs,sanitationkitsandlatrinesinschools.HavingtrialECOSANs 16wasseen

asagoodoutcome.

AgaintheissuesoflackofadequatesafewaterandhealthfacilitieswereraisedinOjama.However

thecommitteeisconvincedthatthetrainingtheyhavereceivedinplanning,recordingandmaking

representationupwardswillbringchange.ThePDCwasproudofitsinclusivemembershipconsist-

ingofyouth,elders,thedisabled,agoodgenderbalanceandpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS(PLWHA).

Althoughthecommitteehadreceivedearliertraining,fromtheDistrictin1997withrefreshertrainingin

2004,membersfeelthatthetrainingreceivedfromtheProjecthasequippedthemwithbothknowledge

andsustainableskills.

ThemembersofthePHCreportedthattheyhadplanstobuildmorelatrines,keeprecordsofmeetingsand

havesmartworkplans.

15 TheGoUprovidestreatmentformalariabutthereareconstantstockoutsintheHealthCentres.ItisoutsideofthemandateofanNGO

suchasAMREFasitcannotbeseentobereplacingorinterferingintheroleofgovernment.AMREFdoescollaboratewithNGOsthatdo

haveamandateforsupplyingdrugsanditalsoadvocatesatNationalandlocallevel.

16 TheECOSANissustainableandhastheaddedvalueofprovidingdrycompostandwetfertiliser.Thepitforthelatrineisconstructedabove

groundwithstepsleadingtotheconcretecubicle.Eachcubiclehastwosetsoffootplatesandholes,oneinuseandonecovered,setover

twoconcretestoragepits.Eachholeseparatesurinefromfaeces.Urinedrainsdirectlyintoatankwhichhasatap.Faecesarestoredina

concretepitwithametallockableshutter.Whenthepitisfullthesecondholeisusedwhichfeedsthesecondpit.Aftersixmonths,therst

pitisopenedandthedrycompostcanberemovedandthepitisthenusedagain.Thereisdoubtabouttheculturalacceptabilityofusing

humanwasteasfertiliserinUganda.

To Soroti Town

To North Uganda

Lake

Kyoga

Kamuda Sub-County

Tubur Sub-County

Olwelai

Parish

Merok

Parish

Katine

Parish

Ojama

Parish

Ojom Parish

Ochuloi Parish

N

S

EW


24/37


TheMTRteammetwithOlwelaiParishSanitationCommittee.The11membersprovidedathenandnow

assessmentofactivitiessinceJanuary2008.

Then (Jan 2008) Now (July 2009)

Noidealhomesteads Manyidealhomesteads

101pitlatrines 396pitlatrines17

Outdoordefecation,excretaonground Cleanareaaroundhomes

Nohandwashing Handwashingregularly/tippytaps18

Nofencedwatersources Boreholesfenced

Humanssleptwithanimals Animalshousedseparately

Nodustbins Wastekeptindustbins

Utensilsleftontheground(gotdirtyandlickedbyanimals) Platesandutensilswashed.Dryingracksconstructed

Sharedwatersourceswithanimals Boreholesfences

Dirtyandopenjerrycans Washedandcoveredjerrycans/safewaterchain

Nosanitationcommittee Activesanitationcommittee

Membersofthecommitteemeetonceamonthandhavereceivedtrainingonmobilisingthecommunity,

sanitationandhealth.Thecommitteenotedthatwomennditdifculttotalkinmeetings.Beinghealthyonthefarmisimportant,malaria,safewateranderadicationofwormsaretoppriorities.Thecommittee

monitorstheworkoftheVHTs.Membersrecognisethatchangeisdifcultandseethedifferencebe -

tweenteachingandthepromotionofnewbehavioursassayingitoverandoveruntilitsdoneandthey

usenewbylawstoreinforcemessages.AMREFhastrainedmasonstoproducesanitationslabs(col-

loquiallycalledsanplats 19)ineachparish.Theycost7,000UGX(2.03) 20comparedto15,000UGXinthe

market.Only20havebeensold;thisisseenasinindicationofincreasingpovertycausedbychanging

economiccircumstances.

TheOjamaParishSanitationCommitteereportedtheirkeytasksascollectingdata(populationandthe

numberofhouseholds,pitlatrinesandidealhomesteads)andsensitisingpeopleatvillagelevel.Thedata

helpswithplanningatsubcountylevelandallowsfeedbacktothecommunity.Atthestartof2008there

were118pitlatrinesintheparish,nowthere565.Nineteensanplatsweremadebutonlyvehavebeen

bought.Ofsevenboreholes(oneprovidedbytheproject)onlyfourareprovidingconstantwaterandwater

levelsarelow.Of623householdsonly154candrawsafewater.

Views from two Health Centres

TheMTRteamvisitedOjomHealthCentrellandTiririHealthCentrelV.

AtOjominterviewsanddiscussionswereheldwiththe14memberoftheVHT,fourmembersofthe

HealthUnitManagementCommittee(HUMC)andtouredthefacilities.TheVHTreportedtheirworkas

focusingon:

encouragingpregnantwomentoattendforantenatalcare21

promotinggoodsanitationbyencouraginglatrinebuilding

mobilisingthecommunityforimmunisation

17 Acommonbeliefisthatwomenwhousealatrinewillbeunabletogetpregnant.Thecommitteeistryingtochangethisbydiscussionand

education.

18 TheTippyTapisasimpledeviceforhandwashingwithrunningwater.Aplasticcontainerwithasmallholenearthecapislledwithwater

andtippedbystandingonastickattachedtoaropetiedtroughaholeinthecap.Theplasticcontainerthentiltsandwaterrunsontothe

hands.

19 Sanplatsarelocallymadeconcreteplatformsforlatrines,theyareeasiertocleanthanlogsorplanks.

20 ExchangerateduringJuly2009:1000UGX=29p.

21 Womenarediscouragedfromattendingfortherecommendedfourvisitsbecauseofdistancefromthehealthfacility,staffshortagesand

poor,unacceptable,staffattitudes.


25/37

Ojom Health Centre II


TheVHTatOjomreportedamassivein-

creaseinlatrineconstructionfrom20to

400,representingchangefor1051house-

holds.22Theircapacityincounseling,fam-

ilyplanningpromotion,datacollectionand

motivatingothershadbeenincreasedby

theirtraining.Therateforimmunisation

inKatineisthebestinSorotiDistrictand

hasreached94%forpolioand119%23

formeaslesandpoliotogether.Theteam

suggestedsugar,salt,raincoats,gum-

bootsandbagsasitemstomotivatethem

intheirunpaidwork.Someaskedfor

motorcyclesinsteadofbicycles.TheVHT

membersspokeoftheirbiggestdisap-

pointmentsasthelackofdrugsandthe

short,threeyeartimespanoftheProject,

althoughallsaidtheywouldcontinueto

workwhentheProjectendsastheysee

themselvesashighlymotivatedandnow

fullyembeddedinthehealthsystem.

AMREFhasprovidedatable,bench,a

vaccinefridge,vaccinecarriersandcoldbagstoequipthehealthcentre.Therecentlywellequipped

laboratoryiscurrentlystaffedonanadhocbasisandrecruitmentisunderwayforafulltimelabora-

toryassistant.Thehealthcentrehadasupplyofbasicdrugssuchasparacetamol,doxycycline,vita-

minAandfansidar.Thedrugstorealsohadgoodsupplyofselfdestructing,disposablesyringes24

andglovesprovidedfromtheDistrict.

AtTiririHealthCentrelV,theVHTcoordinatorspokeofareductioninmanydiseasesandattributedthisto

theworkandtrainingoftheVHTs.ThedistributionofITNsforchildren>5andforpregnantwomen,friendly

relationshipswithhouseholdsthatencourageuseofnetstogetherwithacleanerenvironmentandlessstandingwaterhasledtoareductioninratesofmalaria(noguresavailable).TheParishhas256ideal

latrinesoutofatotal626households.Therateofwomendeliveringinthehealthcentrehasincreasedto

55%from33%andsinceVHTshavehadspecialpsychosocialtraining,increasednumbersofPLWHAare

attendingforsupport.VHTsarenowactiveandrecognisedasfrontlinehealthpromotionworkers,helping

toidentifyproblemsandassistingthecommunitywithplanning.TheHealthCentreIVhadaselectionof

drugs,includingantiretroviraldrugsandNivirapine,apaediatricARVtopreventmothertochildtransmis-

sionofHIV(PMTCT).

TheMTRteamdidnotvisitthethirdHealthCentreinthesubcountynancedbyaCatholicchurch.The

centrehadsufferedareandAMREFhasnancedthebuildingofanewroofforthecentre.

Views from two schools

TheMTRteamvisitedtwoschools,onewasbetterperformingandonelessso.Seventeacherswere

interviewedatAdamasikoand13membersoftheSMCandPTA.Teacherssawtwomajorbenetsofthe

trainingfacilitatedbyAMREF.TherstistheefforttoimproveschoolsanitationthroughPHASE(including

personalhygiene,makingrubbishpitsandtippytapsholdinghealthparadestoinspectngernailsand

teethand,importantly,teachinggirlstomakesimplesanitarypads).Thesecondmostusefultrainingwas

learningtomaketeachingandlearningaidsusinglocalmaterials,theseinclude;countingsticks,abacuses,

readingtrees,chartsandmaps,breballsforPE,ashcardsandthecreationofthetalkingcompound

withhealthmessages.Teachersdescribedtheenhancementoftheirownlearning,includingbetterclass-

roomsittingarrangementsandtheuseofconcreteobjectsforteachingandlearning.

22 Extendedfamilieslivingclosetogethersharealatrine

23 Morethan100%ofexpectedaschildrenbroughtintothesubcountyfromsurroundingarea;asreportedbytheVHT

24 Theselfdestructsyringepreventsreuseandprotectshealthworkersfromneedlestickinquires


26/37

Lack of desks at Adamasiko schools means many

students have to sit on the f loor.

Ojom Primary is a community school with classrooms

built of mud and thatch. Two permanent brickbuiltclassrooms are currently under construction.


Theimpactofthetrainingwasreportedas

childreninteracting,theirworkimproved

andtheintroductionofcollaborativeteam

workintheclassroom.Thetrainingin

adolescentsexualandreproductivehealth

(ASRH)hasimprovedguidanceandcoun-

selingintheschool.TheSMCismonitor-

ingteachingandlearningandisinvolved

indisciplinaryactionwherenecessary.Theattendanceofbothteachersandpu-

pilshasimproved.

Womensfootball,inspiredbythetour-

nament,hasbeenverywellreceived.

Nets,ballsandkithavebeendistributed

bytheProjectandskillshaveimproved.

Thisisseenasemancipatingforthegirls

involved.

EnrollmentatOjomPrimarySchoolhas

improvedinthepastyear;ofthe389pu-

pils,205aregirls.OjomPrimaryisacom-

munityschoolwithclassroomsbuiltofmud

andthatch.Twopermanentbrickbuilt

classroomsarecurrentlyunderconstruc-

tion.Allseventeacherswereinterviewed.Theheadmasteristheonlytrainedteachersofortherestofthe

stafftheAMREFfacilitatedtraininghasbeenkeytobuildingtheirteachingskills.ThePHASEworkshops,

ASRH,MDDandsportstrainingtogetherwithmakingteachingandlearningaidswithlocalmaterialshas

beeninstrumentalinimprovingthelearningenvironmentaswellasboostingteachersmorale.Theschool

isstartingtomeasureachievementbyassessinghowwellchildrencananswerquestionsverbally,bywrit-

ten,markedtestsandbygroupwork

wherechildrenhaverolesuchasleaderandsecretaryandprovidegroupmem-

berswithfeedback.

Views from the Media Centre

Fivecentreuserswereinterviewedto-

getherwithJosephMalingatheCom-

munityMediaFacilitator.Morethan

100peoplehavebeentrainedinbasic

computerskills.Allveoftheusershave

postedblogsontheGuardianwebsite,

theyareknowasKatineInformer.Allveuseemail,fouremailoutsideKatine

andtwoofthoseemailoutsideUganda.

Theusersconsideredthattheservice

wouldbesustainable;theysawthepos-

sibilityofaninternetcafproviderfrom

Sorotirunningthecentrealthoughthey

werefearfulofthecostastwentymin-

utesofinternettimeinSoroticoststhe

equivalentofameal.Twoonlinechat

sessionshavebeenheld,linkingschool

childreninUgandaandtheUK.Someequityissuesexist;peoplewithpoor,or

no,Englisharedisadvantaged.


27/37

Nine members of Omulai WSC were trained in early

2008. The water source has two caretakers; one for the

borehole and another for its surroundings.


Views from the Community

Again,theMTRteammetwithabetterperformingWSCandalesswellperformingone.Thevemembers

oftheWaterSourceCommitteeatMatali(WSC)reportedbothhappinessatbeingabletocollectclean

waterandareductionindiarrhoea.Theyworktokeepthecompoundclean,greasethechainandcheck

thepump.Fencingworkwasdonebytheusers.Atrstthewaterwasochrecolouredbutthesystemhas

beenoverhauled,thepipeswashedandusersaresatised.Thewaterhasastrongironavourbutthisis

reportedasanaturalphenomena.Thecommitteereportedacleanercompound,fencesanddryingracks

constructed,newlatrinesandbathingplaces.Ahandpumpmechanicsupervisesthecommittee;hisworkcoverstwoparishesandhereportedjustninedaysofmaintenanceworkinJune.Thewatersourcehas65

householdspaying500UGXpermonthbutnomoneywascollectedforvemonths,anewchairmanwas

thenelectedandcollectionshavebeendifcultduringAprilandJune2009becauseoflackofmoney.

TheninemembersofOmulaiWSCwere

trainedinearly2008andmeetevery

twomonths.Thewatersourcehastwo

caretakers;onefortheboreholeandan-

otherforitssurroundings.Moneyiscol-

lectedattheendofeachmonth.There

wasnoprobleminMaybutitisantici-patedthatfewerpeoplewillbeableto

payfromJulyonwards.Thereisan

LC125onthecommitteewhovisitsnon

payerstogetsomething,evenasmall

contribution,fromeveryone.Nothingis

hidden,savingsandcostsareopento

scrutiny.Thecommitteereporteddif-

cultyingettingrepairsdoneinatimely

manner.Thismeantthatusershadto

useanotherwatersourceforwhichthey

hadtopay.Strangersarechargedaatrateof500UGX.Usersaresatisedwith

theboreholeandtasteofthewater.

ThirtyeightmembersofOjemorun

UnitedFarmersGroupmetwiththe

MTRteamtotalkabouttheircassava

jointgarden,acommunalendeavour

inparticipationinplanting,weedingand

harvesting.Thereare21womenandninemeninthegroup.Thewomenconsiderthemselvestobebetter

atworkingtogetherandmakinggroupdecisions;theycareforthecompoundsandseeksupportfromwithin

thegroup.AtthemomentthereareconstantprayerstoPapa,Papatobringraintotheelds;thetalkis

ofdroughtandtheresultingdevastationtothecrops.TheadvantagesofbeingintheFarmersgroupwhich

isalsoaVSLA,arebeingabletobuystationery,clothes,kitchenutensils,sellcultivatedcrops,growing

uplandriceandgettingnewideas.Allfeltthattheyhadbenetedfromnewfarmingpractices;particularly

plantinginrowswhichallowedweedinganduseslessseedthanbroadcasting.

Thesavingshadhelpedfarmerstosetupsmallbusinesses,forexample,buyingcassava,takingittomar-

ketandsellingit.Onepersontalkedaboutthebusinessskillshehasdeveloped.Itwasimportanttoadver-

tiseyourbusinesshesaidandhehadmadeasignforhisstoreatthetradingcentrestatingIambuying

scrap.Recordkeepingwasnotedasbeingimportantaswasgroupsharingandproblemsolvingwhich

alsohelpeddissipaterumourmongering.

Thewomen,inparticular,enjoyedhavingvisitors,especiallywhenmzungucametothevillage.VisitsfromVHTswerewelcomedandtheywereseenasinstrumentalinhelpingtoensurehomesteadhygiene.Ashow

25 LocalCouncilorlevel1


28/37

VSLA groups say the association benefts the entire

household and is sustainable.


ofhandsindicatedthathevastmajoritynowhadalatrineanddryingracks.Theyestimatedthathalfthevil-

lagerssleptunderITNs.Allthemembersofthefarmersgroupspokeoftheneedforantimalarialdrugs.

ThecommentsweresimilaratObalangaAlamakisFarmersGroup.Althoughtheykeptindividualgardens

thegrouphadexpandedtocommunalfarmingusingimprovedstrains.Theysummedup:

Benets of Group/ group garden On your own/own garden

Shorterworktime Longhours

Getunitedandworkfaster Onyourown

NewstrainCassavawithbettercrop Oldcassavastrainandweakercrop

Rulesandregulations Doitinyourownwayandowntime

Learnhowtospaceplants Oldmethods

Canborrowfromothers

Friendshipandunity Onyourown

Promotesleadership

ThetrainingfacilitatedbyAMREFhadresultedinbetterknowledgeaboutplanting,usinglessseedandsavingmoney.Thegrouphadsaved1millionUGX(290.00)from,forexample,tradingshoralocalbrew

madefrommillet.Moneyhadbeenspendonitemssuchasschoolfees,drugsandclinictreatment.

TwoVSLAgroupswerevisited,AkiroPote

inOwelaiParishhadacumulativetotal

(11/07/09)of900,300UGXandawelfare

fund26of111,400UGX.

Memberstookloansforbigdayssuch

asEasterandChristmas,formedical

treatmentandonepersonboughtacof-n.Itisfelttobesafeasthemoneyis

hiddenandnotkeptathome.Members

borrowforbusiness(suchassellingsh

andcassava),forschoolfeesandbooks.

TheVSLAgroupbelievedthattheas-

sociationbenetedtheentirehousehold

andwassustainablebecauseeveryone

canseethebenets.

TheVSLAatAcanmirehascompleted

itsrstcycleofsavingandhasstarteda

second.Alltheoriginalmembershave

remainedinthegroupandnewmembers

havebroughtthetotalto20people.Loans

wereusedforbicyclespares,seedlings,

makingpancakesandbreadtosellatthe

marketandschoolfees.Afterthepayoutfromtherstcyclegroupmembersboughthighvalueitemssuch

asacow,radio,bull,heiferandasheep,oxploughandbullock,cementandbrickstobuildalockupat

thetradingcentre.Thenewjoinerssawthatthoseinsidehadbenetsandcouldeasilyaccessmoney.

26 Thewelfarefundisforemergenciesandcanbeaccessedday,ornight,bymemberswhopayaatrateof200UGXateachmeeting.The

welfarefundhasbeenusedforbuyingfoodanddrugs.


29/37


Gender and equity issues

ItisnotablethatthereispredominanceofwomenonlyintheFarmersandVSLAgroups.Genderisama-

jorissuerelatedtoempowermentanditisclearthatfewwomenareengagedinpositionsofauthorityand

poweratDistrictorParishlevel.

Thetablebelowshowsthenumberofmenandwomenatinterviewsandmeetings27duringtheMTRaswell

asthegenderbalanceoftheKCPPteaminKatine.

Women Men

Districtlevel(allcommitteesandmeetings) 8 48

Subcountycommittees 3 14

Parishlevel 25 56

Schools(teachers,SMCandPTA) 8 33

Health(HealthCentres,VHTs,HUMC) 12 20

FarmersGroups 32 19

VSLAgroups 20 12

Village(watersourcecommittees) 5 7

AMREFteaminKatine(excludingadministrativestaff) 3 9

TherearefewwomeninpositionsofauthorityatDistrictlevel,onlyonewaspresentduringaninterview

andsheisresponsiblefornursinginthedistrict;aprofessiontraditionallyassociatedwithwomen.Boththe

SteeringCommittee(2women:12men)andtheManagementCommittee(4women:21men)aredomi-

natedbymenandnowomanspokeduringthesemeetings.TheonlywomanattheSubcountySanitation

CommitteemeetingisalsothesolewomanmemberofaParishSanitationcommittee.Thereismoregen-

derbalanceintheParishandVillagelevelcommitteessuchasWSCs,presumablybecauseitiswomen

whoareresponsibleforcollectingwaterandthecleanlinessofthesurroundings.Onlyonecommittee,

OjamaPDC,mentioneditsattemptsatequityandinclusivity.

Therewereconsiderablymoremeninthemanagementofboththeschoolsvisited;thecurrentratioofmen

towomenteachersis3:1.Schoolenrollmenthasincreasedandmanyparentsnowknowthatthebride

priceforyoungwomenmaybehigheriftheyareeducatedandthishashadtheunexpectedeffectofin-

creasingtheenrollmentofgirls.

TheDistricthasmadeanefforttorecruitwomenteachers,wantingtopromotetheeducationofgirlsand

providerolemodels.TherecentAMREFfacilitatedtrainingacrossthesubcountyhasresultedinwomen

councilorsspeakingabouttheimportantoffemaleeducation.Oneparticularefforttoimprovetheatten-

danceofgirlshasbeentotrainteachersinhowtomakesanitarypadsfromlocalmaterialssothatgirlscan

stayatschoolwhentheyaremenstruating.

AMREFmustmaketheissueofwomensleadershipanimportantelementwhenrollingouttherights

basedapproachinyearthree.Ifarightsbasedapproachisaboutknowingyourrights,knowingyourworth

andclaimingyourrightsthenwomenneedspecialattention.IfvacanciesoccurintheAMREFteaminKa-

tineeveryeffortshouldbemadetoengagewomen.

27 Thesearethenumbersofthosewhoattendedthemeetingsnotthetotalmembershipbutthebalanceisunlikelytobeanydifferent

Recommendation

AMREFmustmaketheissueofwomensleadershipanimportantelementwhenrollingouttherightsbased

approachinyearthree.


30/37


Questioning the Community

Aquicksurveywasdevised,pretestedandthenadministeredbytheProjectteamto53communitymem-

bersinallsixParishes.ThequestionnaireandresultsareinAnnex8.Thequestionsaskabouttherespon-

dentandhisorherfamilyandaredesignedtobeasnapshotofcommunityviews.Thequestionnaireswere

collatedatateammeeting.28

Therstquestioninfourofthesectionswasaboutchange:

YES NO

HavetheirbeenanychangesinyourandyourfamilyslifeinEDUCATIONsincethestartof2008? 51 2

HavetheirbeenanychangesinyourandyourfamilyslifeinHEALTHsincethestartof2008? 52 1

HavetheirbeenanychangesinyourandyourfamilyslifeinWATERANDSANITATIONsincethe

startof2008?52 1

HavetheirbeenanychangesinyourandyourfamilyslifeinyourFARMINGsincethestartof2008? 38 15

NinetypercentofrespondentsreportedachangetotheirandtheirfamilyslifesinceJanuary2008.

TheseguresareconsistentwithdatacollectedbytheTeam.Tablesshowactivitiesplottedagainsteach

villageinthefourparishes.Everyvillagehasreceivedatleastoneinterventionandsomehavehadtwoor

three.TablesareinAnnex9.

Tojudgeengagementwithcommunityissuesthequestionwasaskedaboutinvolvement:

YES NO

AreyouoranyofyourfamilyamemberofanyCOMMUNITYCOMMITTEES 27 9

Atleastonepersonismemberofacommunitycommitteein66percentoffamiliessurveyed.

Thenextquestionsrelatedtowhatchangeshadbeennotedandwhichwerethemostimportant.Communi-

tymemberswerethenaskedwhattheyhadexpectedtoseeandwhattheywouldliketosee(seeAnnex8).

TheresultsofthequicksurveywereinstrumentaltotheTeamsthinkingaboutthethirdyearoftheProject.

28 TheTeamweresplitintovegroupsofthreeandeachgrouptookresponsibilityforenteringdataontoaipchartsheetandcallingthe

resultstoagroupoftellers.TheguresandwordswereenteredintoacopyoftheoriginalquestionnairebytheConsultantandchecked.


31/37


Achievement rating(see Annex 10)

Asdescribedpreviously,thetableofachievementratingswasbasedonthespecicobjectivesandex-

pectedoutcomesasstatedintheToR.Theachievementratingwasdevisedbyadaptingaformatused

acrossallDFIDfundedprogrammesforitsmidtermandoutputtopurposereviews.

FurtherdetailsofachievementsareinAnnex6.

Keypoints:

Allvekeyobjectiveshavebeenaddressedintherst18monthsoftheKCPP.UnplannedoutputsincludedtheFootballtournament,repairingtheroofoftheCatholicfundedhealth

centreandtheneedtoreplaceplasticpanellatrinesthatwerenotabletowithstandstrongrains.

TheLivelihoodscomponenthasbeenlesssuccessfulasitmightintermsofincreasingcropyieldas

droughthascausedsevereproblemsforfarmers.

ThefollowingtablesumsuptheDFIDmeasuresforoutputs(quality,sufciencyandefciency)

Appropriateness All outputs are appropriate

Quality Mostlygoodbutvariable(boreholes/schoolbuildingproblems29)Trainingquality

appearsgood;ithasengenderedenthusiasm. Sufciency(quantity) Notenoughinfrastructure(watersources,classrooms,desks).Appropriatetraining

inhealth,education,WATSAN,livelihoodsandincommitteetrainingatalllevels.No

rightsbasedtraining.

Efciencyandtimeliness Someoutputsslow.Poorprocurementtiming.

Overall score = 2.930

29 TheuseoflocalbuildersorbuilderscontractedfromKampalahasbeenanmuchdebatedissue.Unfortunatelyschoolbuildinghasbeen

heldupbypoorworkmanshipbycontractorsfromoutsidetheDistrict.Thishasbeenacostlyexerciseintermsoftimeandmoney..Further

buildingworkwillbecontractedlocally.

30 1=fullyachieved,veryfewornoshortcomings

2=largelyachieved,despiteafewshortcomings

3=onlypartialachievement,benetsandshortcomingsnelybalanced

4=verylimitedachievement,extensiveshortcomings

5=notachieved


32/37


AMREF Management

AMREFisamanytieredorganisationwithaheadofceprovidingsometechnicalsupportinNairobi,liai-

sonwithUKdonorsandoverallcorporatemanagementfromLondon,Projectmanagementandsupervision

fromKampalaandlocalmanagementanddaytodayimplementationfromanofceinKatine.Addedto

thisistheAMREFBoardofTrusteeswho,toensurenancialprobityandgoodgovernance,setslimitson

spendingateldlevel.TheseareseenasnonnegotiableconstraintsbytheKampalaofcealthoughthe

CountryDirectorhastheultimateresponsibilityanddecisionmakingpowerfortheKatineProject.

Questionshavebeenraisedaboutsuchissuessuchaswhereprocurementshouldbedone,whoreplies

toGuardianbloggersordefendsdecisionsabouthowtheProjectismanaged.Thelayershaventbeen

helpfulintryingtounderstandhowdecisionsaremadeexceptthattheyareseen,bytheoutsideworld,to

bemadeslowly.

ManagingaprojectinKatinefromKampalaisfraughtwithdifculties,particularlywithintermittentemail

service.TheProjectManagerdoesntmakeanybutthemostsimpledecisions.DiscussionsinKampalaaf-

tertheeldworkledtoplanstochangethewaytheeldofcemaybemanagedthroughateammanage-

mentapproachbygivingeachProjectOfcermoredecisionmakingpower.Thiswouldreleasethecurrent

ProjectManagertospendtimeassistingwithrightsbasedapproachestraining,aboutwhichhehasspe-

cialistknowledge,inyearthree.

TheDeputyCountryDirectorhasdaytodayresponsibilityfortheProjectbutmorefrequentandregular

visitstotheProjectsitearenecessary.Twopossibilitiesareproposed;eitherthatshespendtwodaysin

Katineevery23weeksorAMREFassignsanotherpersontoprovideregularmanagementsupportto

theteam.

Despiteacceptedgoodpracticeinmostorganisations,staffcontractedtotheKatineprojecthavenothad

opportunitiesforstaffdevelopment.Inorderbothtoshareexperienceandlearnfromothers,atthevery

leastallstaffshouldbeencouragedtoattendnational,andwhereaffordableandrelevant,international

conferencesorastudytouratleastonceduringtheircontract.Thereisofcourse,acostimplicationtothis

buttheopportunitytolearnaswellasdisseminatetheProjectareworthit.

Recommendation

AMREFKampalamustprovidemoredaytodaymanagementsupportatfieldlevelatthe

earliestopportunity.

RecommendationAllstaffshouldbeofferedappropriatestaffdevelopmentopportunitiestoattendconferencesor

studytours.


33/37


The Project Time Frame

Threeyearsisashorttimeinthedevelopmentprocess.Therstmonthsaretakenwithndingandinthis

casebuildingpremises,equippingthem,selectingandengagingstaff,planningandbudgeting.Makingre-

lationshipswithgovernmentofcialsandotherstakeholdersalsotakestime,asdoesgettingthecondence

ofthecommunity.TakingtheUKsDepartmentofInternationalDevelopment(DFID)asanexampleofgood

practiceglobally,itismostunusualforaprojecttobefundedforlessthanfourveyearsandoftenfor

muchlonger.Itisrecognisedthatdevelopmentisslowandimpacttakestimetomonitor.31

TheimplicationfortheKatineprojectisthat,althoughmostactivitiesareontrack,realchangeisunlikelyto

beseenacrossthewholesubcountywithits66villagesbyOctober2010.ThismeanseitherthattheProj-

ectmustcontinue,withadequatefundingtocompletethejobortheProjectendsandisseen,possibly,asa

failurebecauseitwonthaveachievedeverythingthatitsetouttodo.

TheworkshopinSeptembermustagreeasetofspecictargetsthatitbelievesAMREFanditspartners

canachievebytheendof2010.

Nowisthetimetomakedecisionsaboutfurtherfundingandtoplanfor,attheveryleast,onefurtheryear.

Thisdecisionmustbebasedonanagreementtoreviewprojectoutcomesandtherangeofactivitiesand

targetsrevisedaccordingly.Everyattemptmustbema

Katine mid-term review report

Documents

Transcript of Katine mid-term review report