Katherine Swift Ph.D Student Walden University PUBH-8165-3 Instructor Dr. Raymond Thron Spring,...
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OnchocerciasisKatherine Swift Ph.D Student
Walden UniversityPUBH-8165-3
Instructor Dr. Raymond ThronSpring, 2009
River Blindness
(Worldbank,2002)
Map of the region
Africa 30 countries
Senegal
Malawi
Latin America
Yemen
(Worldbank,2002)
Life cycle of Onchocerca volvulus
(WHO,2009)
The black fly vector
Simulium black fly
Microfilariae220 – 360 µm in
length
(WHO,2009)
The Human Host
The female and male worms entwine
Female worm lengths range from 30 to 80
cms
Male length ranges from
3 to 5 cm
The female will release 1000 microfilariae
(WHO,2009)
DiagnosisSkin snipsBlood samplesEye examinations
(WHO/TDR,2003)
Microfilaia Cutaneous Tissues
Imaging Studies
(WHO/TDR,2003)
Vision Loss
(Who/TDR,2003)
Onchodermatitis
DepigmentationSubcutaneous nodulesLichenified dermatitisChronic papular dermatitisLymphadenopathyAtrophy of skinOnchocercomata
WHO/TDR,2003)
Vector Elimination
(Who,2009)
TreatmentIvermectin (Mectizan®).
WHO/TDR,2003)
The Carter Center
Special permission granted from The CarterCenter/Emily Straub Foundation
Newer Therapeutic Strategies
Wolbachia Species
Doxycycline
(WHO/TDR,2003)
(WHO/APOC,2007)
Global Partnerships to Eliminate Riverblindness
Global Partnerships and Program
APOC
OCP
The African Program for Riverblindness Control
(WHO/TDR,2003)
(WHO/APOC, 2007)
Community Distributed Treatment with Ivermectin
(COMDT)
COMDT
(WHO/APOC,2007)
Future Work
(WHO/APOC,2007)
Thank-you
ReferencesThe Carter Center. The global 2000 river blindness. River Blindness News. 1999; 11:1-8
Eezzuduemhoi, D. R., & Wilson, D. (2008). Onchocerciasis. Retrieved April 5, 2009, from eMedicine Ophthalmology Web site: http:/ / emedicine.medscape.com/ article/ 1204593
Kazdins-Helds, J. K., Remme, J. H. F., & Boakye, B. (2003). Focus: Onchocerciasis. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 1(3), 178-180. doi:10.1038/ nrmicro779
Sinha, S., Schwartz, R. A., & Kapilia, R. (2006). Onchocerciasis. Retrieved April 5, 2009, from eMedicine Infectious Diseases Web site: http:/ / emedicine.medscape.com/ article/ 224309
ReferencesWHO. (2009). Life-cycle of Onchocerca volvulus. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) Web site: http:/ / www.who.int/ apoc/ onchocerciasis/ lifecycle/ en/ print.html
WHO. (2009). Vector elimination. Retrieved March 13, 2009, from African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) Web site: http:/ / www.who.int/ apoc/ vector/ en
WHO. (n.d.). APOC African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control. In Partners Meeting Report (JAF12.10, p. 37). Retrieved April 12, 2009, from www.who.int/ entity/ apoc/ publications/ yaounde_report_2006/ en/ index.html
WHO/ APOC. (2007). African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control Revitalizing health care delivery in sub-Saharan Africa (first ed., Vol. 1) [Brochure]. Retrieved April 19, 2009, from WHO Web site: http:/ / www.who.int/ apoc/ publications/ cdti_healthsystems/ en/ index.html
ReferencesWHO/ TDR. (2003, November 28). TDR Image Library. Retrieved April 12, 2009, from TDR fro research on diseases and poverty Web site: http:/ / apps.who.int/ tdr/ publications/ tdr-image-library
Worldbank. (2002). Global Partnership to Eliminate River blindness. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from Africa Program for Onchocerciasis Control Web site: http:/ / www.worldbank.org/ afr/ gper