Karin's solisten presentation.pptx
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Transcript of Karin's solisten presentation.pptx
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Solisten ®
Sound Training
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What is the Tomatis® Method?
• A sound therapy that uses music to :
• train Listening • help improve Sensory functioning• help improve Cognitive and
Neurological functioning• help improve Emotional wellbeing
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Dr. Alfred Tomatis
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• 1 January 1920 – 25 December 2001
• He was a French ENT doctor atthe Paris Faculty of Medicine, a specialist of hearing and language disorders
• Several sound therapies are based on the Tomatis method, e.g. Berard AIT and iLs
• Solisten is a trademark owned exclusively by Tomatis Developpement SA
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Who can benefit?
• Learning difficulties
• Attention disorders
• Developmental delays
• Communication and speech delays and disorders
• Pervasive developmental disorders
• Sensory integration disorder
• Auditory integration difficulties
• Anxiety and depression
• Helpful in the rehabilitation of stroke victims
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Solisten® Device
The Solisten device uses sound in the form of engineered, processed music:
•Mozart
•Gregorian Chant
•Waltz.
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The Types of Music• Mozart, especially his works that are
rich in high harmonics for their brain-energising function;
• Gregorian Chants that have a proven regulating and calming effect on the autonomic nervous system;
• Strauss waltzes that have a stimulating effect on the vestibular system and promotes the establishment of rhythm and balance.
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Corrective Action
• The Tomatis® method acts on the 3 core
functions of the ear:
• Energy function• Vestibular function• Auditory function
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Energy function
• Sound is needed for cortical stimulation.
• Especially sounds that are rich in high harmonics, have the ability to stimulate the reticular formation in the brain which controls the overall activity level of the brain.
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Vestibular function
• Benefits posture, balance, motor functions and muscle-tone.
• A well functioning vestibular system is fundamental to learning.
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The Auditory Function
• The ears contain structures for both the sense of hearing and the sense of balance.
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Listening vs. hearing
• Listening is an active activity that involves receiving, deciphering, and perceiving a message with the intent to respond.
• Listening = purpose.
• Listening is to hearing what aiming is to sight.(Tomatis)
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Distortions of Listening
• Someone may hear well but listen poorly.• Emotional disturbances• Adjustment difficulties• Factors in the acoustic environment• A listening bias
• The sound message is correctly heard but poorly analysed in an emotional framework.
• The brain protects itself by constructing barriers that can result in the development or exacerbation of various disorders.
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A Pedagogical Tool
• ”The ear is learning to listen”.
• The Tomatis ®
Method stimulates the brain and progressively helps it to analyse the sound message more effectively.
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Effect on the brain
• The ear is connected to 7 of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves:• II, III, IV and VI (the eyes and vision)• VIII – the vestibulocochlear nerve• X – the vagus nerve• XI – the spino-accessory nerve
• Through the auditory pathways, the Tomatis
® Method affects the entire
nervous system
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Cranial Nerve: Major Functions: II Optic vision
III Oculomotor eyelid and eyeball movement
IV Trochlear innervates superior oblique turns eye downward and laterally
VI Abducens turns eye laterally
VIII Vestibulo-cochlear (auditory)
hearing and equilibrium sensation
X Vagus senses aortic blood pressure slows heart rate stimulates digestive organs taste
XI Spinal Accessory controls trapezius & sternocleidomastoid controls swallowing movements
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The Ear as Sensory Information Processing Organ
• About 90% of sensory information processing involves the ear.
• The sensory system functions as a whole:• by stimulating the ear, we can have an
effect on the entire sensory system.
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Sensory Processing
• How the brain registers, interprets and uses information from the sensory systems.
• The sensory systems include:• Sight (visual system)• Hearing (auditory system)• Taste (gustatory system)• Touch (tactile system)• Smell (olfactory system)• Body awareness (proprioceptive system)• Balance (vestibular system)
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Regulation of Sensory Input
• Our brain is constantly bombarded by sensory input.
• With the exception of smell, all other sensory input is filtered by the brain stem before further dealt with. It is either:
• Deemed insignificant and ignored.• Deemed important, thus noticed and relayed
to the appropriate area of the brain for a response.
• Habituated or eventually ignored if the input is constant, for example wearing a seatbelt.
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Sensory Processing Difficulties
• Can affect anybody
• Can range from mild to severe
• Tend to be more common in those with conditions such as autism, Tourette syndrome, Fragile X, ADHD, learning difficulties, etc.
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Brain development and function
• Sensory input is needed for our brain to develop and to continue functioning properly.
• Research indicates that sensory input may improve the neural circuitry.
• We can use sensory input to change our arousal state.
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Bunty’s Wall Model
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Parameters of the Tomatis® Method
• Bone conduction
• Electronic gating• C1 & C2• Delay & precession• Stapedial reflex
• Filtering
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Bone Conduction• Two types of sound conduction:
• Bone conduction• through the skull• vibrations directly inform the auditory
nerve;
•
Air conduction• airwaves cause the tympanic membrane to
send vibrations to the inner ear to stimulate the vestibulo-cochlear nerve (auditory vestibular nerve).
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Bone conduction• Sound travels faster through bone
than through air.
• BC prepares the body for the auditory message delivered through Air Conduction.• causes the whole body to assume
the “listening posture”
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Gating• 2 alternating circuits stem from
the amplifier:
C1 : low frequencies which puts the ear in a state of relaxation.
When the music reaches a certain intensity, a switch occurs to C2 whilst C1 cuts off.
C2 : higher frequencies which puts the ear in a state of effort.
When the intensity drops the system switches back. C1 opens while C2 cuts off.
C1
C2
`
The switching is dependant on the changes of intensity in the music, and is therefore, unpredictable, causing the brain and ear to be in a constant state of alert
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Gating: Delay• There is a delay between the moment when
the “gate” is going to switch over and the moment when it actually does switch over from C1 to C2.
• The delay allows the ear time to put itself in a listening position, that is, to prepare for the auditory message that is about to follow.
• We always start with the Basic program, which has the longest delays allowing the ear enough time to prepare for the sound message.
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Precession• Time needed for the Bone Conduction to
precede the Air Conduction.
• The cochlea has already received the sound through BC and has made a first analysis.
• In response, it will adjust the tension of the tympanic membrane in preparation for the airwave it is about to receive.
• This period of precession allows the whole body to prepare itself for listening.
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Filtering• It is the amplification or attenuation of the
high and/or low frequencies of the sound spectrum.
• Four types of filters: High pass filters Low pass filters Band pass filters Band rejection filters
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Filtering• No filtering is used in the Basic program.
• Three filtering levels are used in the remaining programs:• Filtering at 500 Hz with a 24dB/octave
slope;• Filtering at 1000 Hz with a 12 dB/ octave
slope;• Filtering at 2500 Hz with a 6 dB/ octave
slope.
• Solisten uses “soft slopes” to makes the changes brought about by gating and filters, easier on the ear.
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The Filters• 500 Hz filtering is used in the programs
Emotional Language Memory & Attention.
• 1000 Hz is used particularly in the Language program to work on the 2nd formant zone – the vowels area (750 Hz to 3000 Hz) and in the Memory & Attention program to stimulate verbal memory and attention.
• 2500 Hz is used particularly in the Language program to work on the 3rd and 4th formants – the fricatives area (s, j, ch, z, f). The fricatives area spreads widely in treble frequencies.
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Programmes
• Basic
• Emotional E1A E1B E2
• Memory & Attention MA1 MA2
• Language L1 L2
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Sessions
• First intensive – 30 hours2 hours a day over 15 days4 week integration period
• Second intensive – 30 hours2 hours a day over 15 days4 - 8 week integration period
• ASD usually need more sessions
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The Process
Clients with Autism Spectrum Disorder usually need more sessions
Repeat as needed
Intensive: 30 hours,
2 hours a day over 15 days
Intensive:30 hours
2 hours a day over 15 days
4 week integration
period
Initial Consultation
Pre-testing Post-testing
Parent feedback
4 week integration
period
Exit
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Cost
• R130 per hour
• Includes consultation, Solisten pre- and post testing, and feedback
• Excludes any tests and evaluations by therapist from other fields, e.g. OTs, psychologists or speech therapists
• Total, including 60 hours of listening plus testing, R8000
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Thank You for Listening!!