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Karen Hogenboom (with thanks to Leo Dion) Numeric and Spatial Data Librarian Reference, Research and Government Information Services Slide 2 Geographic Information (Systems/Science) Mapping disease dates back to 1855. The map below shows water pumps and deaths from cholera. The spatial representation of these two pieces of information help identify a relationship that would otherwise go unnoticed. Image from UC Santa Barbara Geography Dept. Slide 3 The first law of geography according to Waldo Tobler: "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things. Tobler, A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region. Economic Geography 46 (1970), p.236 Slide 4 What is GIS? Spatial representation and analysis of information (attribute data) that is positioned to correspond to the same X, Y coordinates throughout the various map layers. Image from the US Geological Survey Slide 5 Who is using GIS? Biology, ecology, environmental sciences, forest science, geology, engineering, history, archeology, anthropology, literature, political science, business, economics, public health, medicine, education, public policy, geography, agriculture, urban planning, atmospheric sciences, library and information science, journalism, veterinary medicine, social workhistoryliterature Slide 6 Vector Data Points, lines and polygons where position is relative to X, Y coordinate plane and intersects are possible. Image from National Geospatial Intelligence Agency Slide 7 Three formats of vector data Polygons Image from MIT Slide 8 Three formats of vector data Polygons Lines Image from MIT Slide 9 Three formats of vector data Polygons Lines Points Image from MIT Slide 10 Vector Data corresponds to a relational database housing the attribute data. This allows the user to perform analysis and queries. The example shows the Select by Attribute function. (Health) Slide 11 Raster Data Pixels in a continuous field where each pixel represents actual raw data. Image from School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii Slide 12 Chicago from Landsat. The resolution is 30 x 30 m for each pixel containing raw data: Seven wavelengths of light. A Landsat 7 image of Chicago, Illinois acquired on October 19, 2000.Landsat Slide 13 Aerial Photographs can also be used as raster data. Urbana 1940, Historic Aerial Photo Imagebase UIUC Slide 14 Digitizing Aerial Photographs requires matching a layer with an existing spatial reference to the unreferenced photograph. Slide 15 Satellite Image of Chicago from Google Earth Added layers: roads, transportation, and buildings. Why can you integrate raster and vector data? Because of the underlying coordinate system. Slide 16 Attribute Data OID countyName perIncome 0 DeWitt County 47415 1 Coles County 36007 2 Champaign County 44237 3 Douglas County 46166 4 Edgar County 40544 5 Ford County 46388 6 Iroquois County 44003 Etc Slide 17 Some GIS Data Resources UIUC Library Numeric and Spatial Data Services http://www.library.illinois.edu/datagis/ http://www.library.illinois.edu/datagis/ National Atlas http://nationalatlas.gov/pros.htmlhttp://nationalatlas.gov/pros.html Geodata.gov http://gos2.geodata.gov/wps/portal/goshttp://gos2.geodata.gov/wps/portal/gos Illinois Natural Resources Geospatial Data Clearinghouse http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/nsdihome/ http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/nsdihome/ FSGeodata Clearinghouse http://svinetfc4.fs.fed.us/clearinghouse/index.html http://svinetfc4.fs.fed.us/clearinghouse/index.html International Geospatial Data Catalog Search http://gateway.fgdc.gov/gateway/srv/en/gateway.home http://gateway.fgdc.gov/gateway/srv/en/gateway.home Illinois Data http://www.illinoisdata.com/http://www.illinoisdata.com/ Slide 18 Collect Your Own Data Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Georeference data by address Slide 19 Map Making Slide 20 Sante Fe, New Mexico in 3D with the use of a Satellite image and digital elevation model(DEM) NASA Landsat 7 perspective image of Santa Fe, NM. Landsat 7 image acquired on Oct. 14, 1999 Slide 21 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (Geology) 3-D Models can be extrapolated from raster data. Mount St. Helen image from US Geological Survey Slide 22 Projections, Coordinates & Metadata Projections allow spherical surface to be represented in planar format. Coordinates are NOT the same from one projection to the next. Conversions between projections allow for datasets to be used together. Metadata for the datasets will describe projections and much more. Metadata Projection Image from Rice University Slide 23 Why are Projections Important? You wont have to wonder why New York City is just off the coast of Delaware or the capital of Maine is in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Image from University of Colorado Dept. of Geography Slide 24 Buffering tool creates an area (criteria) for inclusion or exclusion of features. Here developers can determine parcels to be excluded and total cost due to government building codes. (Urban Planning) Slide 25 Latino population by percentage in districts of Boise shows a distribution. (Demographics) Slide 26 Online mapping examples National Atlas http://nationalatlas.gov/http://nationalatlas.gov/ AfricaMap http://cga- 5.hmdc.harvard.edu/africamap/http://cga- 5.hmdc.harvard.edu/africamap/ SimplyMap (UIUC subscription) http://www.library.illinois.edu/orr/get.php?ins tid=770081 http://www.library.illinois.edu/orr/get.php?ins tid=770081 Census Bureau thematic maps http://factfinder.census.gov/jsp/saff/SAFFInfo.jsp?_pageId=thematicmaps&_submenuId=m aps_1 http://factfinder.census.gov/jsp/saff/SAFFInfo.jsp?_pageId=thematicmaps&_submenuId=m aps_1 Slide 27 University of Illinois Resources Map and Geography Library: Data sets, GIS reference, books and journals, aerial photos, paper maps. www.library.illinois.edu/maxwww.library.illinois.edu/max ATLAS: Supports LAS research, classes in GIS & Statistical software, and data sources. 608 S. Matthews, U; (217) 333-6300 www.atlas.illinois.eduwww.atlas.illinois.edu ESRI Development Center: training in usingArc GIS for spatial analysis http://www.inrs.illinois.edu/edc/;http://www.inrs.illinois.edu/edc/ Data Services @ The University Library (1-4 Mon- Wed and Friday; also by appointment) http://www.library.illinois.edu/datagis http://www.library.illinois.edu/datagis Slide 28 Introductory Classes & Workshops at Illinois ATLAS: Getting Started with ArcGIS (Gives general overview of operating ArcGIS). ESRI Development Center: three advanced workshops about spatial analysis Geography 379: Intro to GIS (thorough overview of GIS including use of ArcGIS, raster, vector, geodatabases, geocoding, statistical & spatial analysis, and modeling) Geography 476: Applied GIS to Environmental Studies. Geography 477: Intro to Remote Sensing. LIS 490GIG: Geographic Information Systems. Slide 29 Please feel free to contact me for further assistance. Karen Hogenboom 333-2472 hogenboo@illinois.edu