Karen Gormley

Vomiting +/- blood Diarrhea +/- blood Anorexia Alternative to contrast studies Abnormality on radiograph Neoplasia suspected FNA

Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Ileocecocolic junction Colon

Usually done with endoscopy

Strictures Masses

Best if no air Empty = “wagon wheel” Dogs 3-5 mm Cats ~2 mm Layers

Mucosal surface (hyper) Mucosa (hypo) Submucosa (hyper) Muscularis propria (hypo) Subserosa/serosa (hyper)

Foreign body Ulcers Neoplasia Inflammation Mineralization

Wall thickness 2-4 mm dog 2-3.2 mm cat

Wall layering Lumen (hyper) Mucosa (hypo) * Submucosa (hyper) Muscularis (hypo) Serosa (hyper)

Motility 4-5 contractions/min duodenum 1-2 contractions/min distal

Can’t see both walls if gas present

Duodenum – location Jejunum, ileum Ileocecocolic junction

Mucosa projects into lumen

Wall thickness Wall layer pattern Motility Obstruction

Foreign body Neoplasia Plication Intussception

Neoplasia Metastatic calfication Pneumatosis intestinalis/coli

Limited by air & feces Asses wall thickness & symmetry

Abnormal wall thickness Mural & extramural masses Intussusception