Karema - Rapid Visual Screening of Critical Facilities Seismic ......Rapid Visual Screening...

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RAPID VISUAL SCREENING OF CRITICAL FACILITIES: AN OVERVIEW OF THE FEMA METHODOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION TO SELECTED CRITICAL FACILITIES IN KINGSTON & ST ANDREW SEISMIC RISK FORUM JANUARY 89, 2014 Jamaica Conference Center 

Transcript of Karema - Rapid Visual Screening of Critical Facilities Seismic ......Rapid Visual Screening...

Page 1: Karema - Rapid Visual Screening of Critical Facilities Seismic ......Rapid Visual Screening (RVS-FEMA 154 Methodology 5 PURPOSE: to provide preliminary estimation of the seismic vulnerability

RAPID VISUAL SCREENING OF CRITICAL FACILITIES:

AN OVERVIEW OF THE FEMA METHODOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION TO SELECTED CRITICAL FACILITIES IN

KINGSTON & ST ANDREW

SEISMIC RISK FORUMJANUARY 8‐9, 2014

Jamaica Conference Center 

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Outline of Presentation

Rapid Visual Screening (RVS-FEMA 154 Methodology) Purpose Overview of methodology Overview of RVS process

Application of RVS to Critical Facilities in KSA - Results of Survey

Implications for Earthquake Response Conclusion and Recommendations

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CONTEXT

Critical Facilities- The primary physical structures,technical facilities and systems which are socially,economically or operationally essential to the functioningof a society or community, both in routine circumstancesand in the extreme circumstances of an emergency(UNISDR 2009).

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CONTEXT

Populations at their most vulnerable immediately afterearthquake due to collapsed structures fires resulting ininjury.

Ability of critical facilities and first responders to servicethis need is paramount to saving lives and property.

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RVS (FEMA 154)METHODOLOGY4

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RVS-FEMA 154 techniquefirst proposed 1988 andfurther modified in 2002considered ideal forexecuting initial assessmentof critical facilities

Widely adapted and usedworldwide after suitablemodifications

developed for a broadaudience, including buildingofficials and inspectors,government agencies andpublic and private-sectorbuilding owners

Rapid Visual Screening (RVS-FEMA 154 Methodology

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PURPOSE: to provide preliminary estimation of the seismic vulnerability of buildings and categorizing them as: those that are expected to

have acceptable seismic performance – “Pass”

those that may be seismically hazardous and should therefore undergo detailed structural engineering assessment –“Fail”

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Overview of Methodology

RVS uses a method based on a “sidewalk survey” to effect the visual inspection of the building from the exterior and, if possible from the interior without conducting any structural calculations.

It utilizes a damageability grading system that requires the evaluator to: Identify the primary lateral load resisting system

(Building type) Structural and non-structural characteristics that may

negatively impact seismic performance.

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Overview of Methodology7

Final performance score “S” is analyzed against a predetermined cut‐off score and determines if a building “Pass” or “Fail” the RVS.

This score is modified by adding or subtracting the assigned values of structural and nonstructural characteristics that applies to the particular building

MODIFIERS  

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Overview of Methodology8

Basic Hazard Score(By Building Type)

Structural Characteristics

No. of Stories Building Layout

Non‐Structural Characteristics

Soil Type Seismic code Adoption Dates

Number of Stories Medium rise ‐ (4‐7 stories) High rise (>7 stories

Plan and Vertical Irregularity design configuration that negatively affect the response mechanism and transfer of load throughout the structure

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Overview of Methodology9

Basic Hazard Score(By Building Type)

Structural Characteristics

No. of Stories Building Layout

Non‐Structural Characteristics

Soil Type Seismic code Adoption Dates

Building Type

Model Building Seismic Design Provisions

BOCA SBCC UBC NEHRPW1 1992 1993 1976 1985

W2 1992 1993 1976 1985

S1 * * 1994 *

S2 1992 1993 1998 1991

S3 * * * *

S4 1992 1993 1976 1985

S5 * * * *

C1 1992 1993 1976 1985

C2 1992 1993 1976 1985

C3 * * * *

PC1 * * 1997 *

PC2 * * * *

RM1 * * 1997 *

RM2 1992 1993 1976 1985

URM * * 1991 *

Soil Type Related Parameters

Type A (hard rock)

Measured shear wave velocity (vs) > 5000 ft/sec.

Type B (rock) vs between 2500 and 5000 ft/sec.

Type C (soft rock and very dense soil)

vs between 1200 and 2500 ft/sec, or standard blow count( N) > 50, or undrainedshear strength (su) > 2000 psf.

Type D (stiff soil)

vs between 600 and 1200 ft/sec, or standard blow count (N) between 15 and 50, or undrained shear strength (su) between 1000 and 2000 psf.

Type E (soft soil)

More than 100 feet of soft soil with plasticity index (PI) > 20, water content (w) > 40%, and su < 500 psf; or a soil with vs ≤ 600 ft/sec.

Type F (poor soil)

Soils requiring site-specific evaluations:

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Process for Executing RVS10

STEP 3 -EXECUTION OF SCREENING (15 - 30 MINS FOR EACH BUILDING

STEP 2 - PRE-FIELD DATA

COLLECTION

STEP 1 PLANNING

STAGE

• Selecting study area• Training screeners• Developing budget

• Selecting Data Collection form

• Selecting cut‐off score• Review geo‐technical 

data for soil type

• Obtain approximate square footage of building

• Complete a sketch of building layout (plan and one elevation)

• Take picture of building

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Overview of Methodology Cont’d

Interpretation of Final Score Final score is derivative of the Basic Hazard score therefore,

it represents the estimated probability of that building collapsing at the MCE.

It is the final score expressed as a negative of the logarithm (Base 10) . Example a final score of 2.0 signifies a probability of 10(^-2), which equates to a 0.01 or 1% chance of collapse.

The least final score which would produce a meaningful interpretation is 0.0 as this equates to a probability of 1.0 or 100% chance of collapse.

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Page 12: Karema - Rapid Visual Screening of Critical Facilities Seismic ......Rapid Visual Screening (RVS-FEMA 154 Methodology 5 PURPOSE: to provide preliminary estimation of the seismic vulnerability

RESULTS – RVS OF Critical Facilities in KSA

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Results – RVS of Critical Facilities in Kingston & St Andrew

*11 Structures located on Soil Type F for which the RVS was inapplicable, site specific investigations required

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Facility Number Fail IndeterminatePolice Stations 37 23 6Health Centres 33 20 3

Fire Stations 7 4 2

TOTAL 77 47 11*

Percentage 100% 61.04 14.29

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Results of RVS – Police Stations

19%

65%

16%

Overall Performance of Police Stations in KSA

Passed

Failed

Indeterminate

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16% 14%

54%

16%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

% Concentration of Police Stations across soil types

Soil Type B Soil Type C

Soil Type D Soil Type F

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Results of RVS – Fire Stations

14%

57%

29%

Seismic Performance of Fire Stations within the KSA

PassedFailedIndeterminate

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14%

57%

29%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

% Concentration of Fire Stations across soil types

Soil Type B Soil Type D Soil Type F

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Results- (Health Centers)

30%

61%

9%

Performance of Health Centresin KSA

Passed

Failed

Indeterminate

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33%

6%

52%

9%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

% Concentration of buildings across Soil types

Soil Type B Soil Type C Soil Type D Soil Type F

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Location- Police Stations and Health Centers

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Composite Soil Map 18

Soil Type DefinitionsType A (hard rock)Type B (rock) – Limestone/WagwaterType C (soft rock and very dense soil) – August Town FormationType D (stiff soil) – Liguanea AlluviumType E (soft soil) – Mangrove/SalinaType F (poor soil) – Engineered Fill/Landfill

22%

9%

55%

14%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

B C D F

DistributionAcross Soil Types

Type B‐ 22%

Type C‐ 9%

Type D‐ 55%

Type F‐ 14%

Distribution- Critical Facilities Across Soil Type

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Pictures- Modifiers

Eg. of Vertical Irregularity ‐Harbour View Police

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Eg. of Plan Irregularity –Lawrence Tavern Police Station

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PICTURES OF DEFECTSYork Park Fire Station 20 Franklin Town Police Station‐Wall  

System

Page 21: Karema - Rapid Visual Screening of Critical Facilities Seismic ......Rapid Visual Screening (RVS-FEMA 154 Methodology 5 PURPOSE: to provide preliminary estimation of the seismic vulnerability

Implications for Emergency Response

Results suggest that initial response capacity by critical facilities would likely be limited by internal response

Remaining functional facilities would become overwhelmed

Potential for increased casualties and property damage/loss depending on service area

Challenges to mounted a coordinated response

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Page 22: Karema - Rapid Visual Screening of Critical Facilities Seismic ......Rapid Visual Screening (RVS-FEMA 154 Methodology 5 PURPOSE: to provide preliminary estimation of the seismic vulnerability

Conclusion and Recommendation

Majority of critical failed facilities assessed located on Soil type D which happens to be most populous zone in the KMA

Urgent need to prioritize programme for detailed Structural Assessments of Critical Facilities in the KMA

Retrofitting of critical facilities with lower final scores

Extending use of RVS methodology to other facilities such as Schools (Shelters)

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Page 23: Karema - Rapid Visual Screening of Critical Facilities Seismic ......Rapid Visual Screening (RVS-FEMA 154 Methodology 5 PURPOSE: to provide preliminary estimation of the seismic vulnerability

Update on Other Applications of RVS and Seismic Research

Application of RVSmethodology and seismicmicrozonation studies toRisk Assessments:

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Seismic Retrofitting:Seismic retrofittingexploratory mission (EGIS,FRANCE)(ODPEM/Martinique MOU)

15 critical facilitiesexplored – dam,bridges, police and firestation, schools, healthcentre, central bank

Possible FutureInitiatives (World Bank)

Expansion of seismicnetwork, seismicretrofitting

Locations

Number of Buildings Assessed

Number of Critical Facilities TOTAL

Annotto Bay 1387 13 1400Falmouth 1483 17 1500Linstead 1447 5 1452TOTAL 4317 35 4352

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