Kanban - The Alternate Path to Agile
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Transcript of Kanban - The Alternate Path to Agile
Kanban – An Alternate Path to Enterprise
Agility
(An Introduction to the Kanban Method)
AgileCamp SV 2016
Agenda
What is Kanban?
The Kanban Method
The value of “Upstream Kanban”
Applying Kanban to Scrum
Resources
Q&A
Digite, Inc.
2
Introduction
Digite, Inc.
3
Mahesh Singh
Co-founder, SVP – Head of Marketing, Digité, Inc.
Kanban Coaching Professional (KCP)/ AKT-in-the-making
@maheshsingh/ [email protected]/ +1 (408) 761-2238
Digite, Inc.
SwiftKanban/ SwiftALM/ SwiftSync
Lean/ Agile ALM/ PPM company
125+ customers/ 750k+ users
www.digite.com
2010 – Kanban “blue book”
2014 – Kanban from the Inside
What is Kanban?
Kanban – Japanese term for “signboard” or
“Billboard” that indicates “available capacity
(to work)” or a visual cue to begin work.
Kanban System - A visual system for managing
work moving through a process – the “value
stream”
The Kanban Method
Digite, Inc.
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Change Management Principles
1. Start with what you do now
Understanding current processes, as actually practiced
Respecting existing roles, responsibilities & job titles
2. Gain agreement to pursue improvement
through evolutionary change
3. Encourage acts of leadership at all levels
Kanban Method uses…
… uses kanban boards to visualize invisible work,
workflow & business risks together with kanban
systems which limit work-in-progress
Kanban Method delivers…
… faster, more predictable service delivery and an
adaptive capability that enables you to respond
effectively to changes in customer demand or your
business environment
Digite, Inc.
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So Why Should you Care?
Kanban will Help you Get Lean!
Visualize and Map your Value Stream
Continuous Flow
Incremental Change, Continuous Improvement
Be Data Driven
What is Lean?
Preserve and deliver value
Eliminate waste
Any resources not being used to drive value are being
wasted
Continuously reflect and improve
How Do you Become Lean?
The 5 Pillars of Lean
Map the Value Stream
Pull
Continuous Flow
Continuous Improvement
Deliver Value
Kanban & Lean
Kanban Applied the 5 Pillars of Lean
Value Stream Mapping ✔
Pull ✔
Continuous Flow ✔
Continuous Improvement ✔
Deliver Value ✔
The Kanban Method is not…
A project management method
nor
A software development lifecycle
process
Digite, Inc.
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Digite, Inc.
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In the absence of an existing methodology/
process, the Kanban Method cannot be applied/
used!
The Kanban Method15
Digite, Inc.
The Kanban Method
Digite, Inc.
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Change Management Principles
1. Start with what you do now
Understanding current processes, as actually practiced
Respecting existing roles, responsibilities & job titles
2. Gain agreement to pursue improvement
through evolutionary change
3. Encourage acts of leadership at all levels
Start with What you do Now
What do you do Now?
Waterfall?
Iterative?
TDD?
Scrum?
Digite, Inc.
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The Kanban Method
General Practices
1. Visualize (with a kanban board 看板)
2. Limit work-in-progress (with kanbanかんばん)
3. Manage flow
4. Make policies explicit
5. Implement feedback loops
6. Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally
(using models & the scientific method)
Digite, Inc.
18
The Kanban Method
General Practices
1. Visualize (with a kanban board 看板)
2. Limit work-in-progress (with kanbanかんばん)
3. Manage flow
4. Make policies explicit
5. Implement feedback loops
6. Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally
(using models & the scientific method)
Digite, Inc.
19
Move from here….
Backlog Next DoneIn-progress
Digite, Inc.
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….to here!
DoneNext
Ongoing
Development Testing
Done Ongoing Done
Deploy
Digite, Inc.
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• Team should be able to observe Flow
• Handoffs should become defined
• All Process Steps should be visible
The Kanban Method
General Practices
1. Visualize (with a kanban board 看板)
2. Limit work-in-progress (with kanbanかんばん)
3. Manage flow
4. Make policies explicit
5. Implement feedback loops
6. Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally
(using models & the scientific method)
Digite, Inc.
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Implement WIP Limits
DoneNext
5 ∞Ongoing
Development Testing
Done Ongoing Done
3 3∞ ∞
Deploy
Digite, Inc.
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• Defining constraints helps Flow
• Communicates available capacity to the team
and stakeholders
A Kanban System consists of a
quantity of “kanban” (かんばん)
signal cards in circulation
A Kanban System consists of a
quantity of “kanban” (かんばん)
signal cards in circulation
Overburdening is a common Problem
Multi-tasking is a commonly expected performance measure in most team. We are expected to be able to handle multiple things at the same time.
Digite, Inc.
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Multitasking is Bad! Kanban helps you Reduce it
“It’s unequivocally the case that workers who are doing multiple things at one time are
doing them poorly,” said Clifford Nass, director of the Communication Between Humans
and Interactive Media Lab at Stanford University.
“The human brain just really isn’t built to switch rapidly from one task to another.
Workers who constantly multitask are hurting their ability to get work done, even when
they are not multitasking. People become much more distracted, can’t manage their
memory very well.”
Companies that demand multitasking may be damaging productivity. “It would be a total
tragedy if when we have so much potential to make the work force more intelligent, we
are actually making the work force dumber,” Nass said. “Companies that are demanding
that workers multitask might not only be hurting their productivity, but may be making the
workforce worse thinkers.”
*Ruth Mantell, Wall Street Journal Market Watch, July 12, 2011, “Multitasking: More
work, less productivity”Digite, Inc.
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Multi-tasking is one reason
we have too much WIP
1 - 10 I – X (Roman) A - J
Start timer for 1 minuteFill in each row left to rightStop when timer goes off or you reach the limit shown at the top of each column
Digite, Inc.
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Multi-tasking is one reason
we have too much WIP
1 - 10 I – X (Roman) A - J
Start timer for 1 minuteFill in each column top to bottom starting at the left columnStop when timer goes off
Digite, Inc.
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Stop Multitasking
Stop STARTING! Start FINISHING!
Digite, Inc.
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WIP Limits benefits
Controls Multi-tasking
Signal that capacity is available;
Can be by person, by workflow, by work item
type, or by total number of items in progress;
Promote finishing & quality;
Provoke important discussions;
Digite, Inc.
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The Kanban Method
General Practices
1. Visualize (with a kanban board 看板)
2. Limit work-in-progress (with kanbanかんばん)
3. Manage flow
4. Make policies explicit
5. Implement feedback loops
6. Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally
(using models & the scientific method)
Digite, Inc.
32
Implement Pull. Manage Flow.
(Flow is the movement of the work)
Flow – from Engineering
Ready to Release Ready
FLOW
Digite, Inc.
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Optimizing Capacity, Maximizing Flow
Digite, Inc.
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Flow vs. Batching of Work
Digite, Inc.
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The Essence of Kanban in Action
Digite, Inc.
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The Kanban Method
General Practices
1. Visualize (with a kanban board 看板)
2. Limit work-in-progress (with kanbanかんばん)
3. Manage flow
4. Make policies explicit
5. Implement feedback loops
6. Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally
(using models & the scientific method)
Digite, Inc.
37
Make Policies Explicit
Digite, Inc.
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What goes on
the board?
What is written
on a ticket?
How does the
board work?
Cadence
Who can
modify?
Digite, Inc.39
Risk Dimensions
(also called Class of Service)
• “What will happen if you
don’t finish the work item on
time” (Cost of Delay)
• A set of policies that apply
to a type of work.
• Can be indicated with colors,
shapes, stickers, etc.
• Can affect prioritization
Digite, Inc.40
Cost of Delay is a critical business risk
time
imp
act
time
time
time
imp
act
imp
act
imp
act
time
imp
act
time
imp
act
imp
act
Expedite – critical and immediate cost of delay; can exceed other kanban limit (bumps other work)
Fixed date – cost of delay goes up significantly after deadline; Start early enough & dynamically prioritize to insure on-time delivery
Standard - cost of delay is shallow but accelerates before leveling out; provide a reasonable lead-time expectation
Intangible – cost of delay may be significant but is not incurred until much later; important but not urgent
time
Kanban Board based on Risk Dimensions
Backlog Next Done
3
In-progress
3
Expedite
Fixed Date
Standard
Intangible
∞ ∞
Digite, Inc.
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The Kanban Method
General Practices
1. Visualize (with a kanban board 看板)
2. Limit work-in-progress (with kanbanかんばん)
3. Manage flow
4. Make policies explicit
5. Implement feedback loops
6. Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally
(using models & the scientific method)
Digite, Inc.
43
Implement/ Continue with Feedback Loops
Daily Standup Meetings/ Retrospectives
Kanban Metrics
Cumulative Flow
Lead Time
Kanban Board
WIP Limit violations
Blockers
Review Stages
Digite, Inc.
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Focus on Delivery to Customer Early, Often,
Faster
Digite, Inc.
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Kanban Board – Information Radiator
Digite, Inc.
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The Kanban Method
General Practices
1. Visualize (with a kanban board 看板)
2. Limit work-in-progress (with kanbanかんばん)
3. Manage flow
4. Make policies explicit
5. Implement feedback loops
6. Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally
(using models & the scientific method)
Digite, Inc.
47
Improve Collaboratively, Evolve
Experimentally
(Using models and the Scientific Method)
Look for opportunities for improvementBottlenecks
Blocker Analysis
Sources of rework/ defects
Manage variability in incoming Demand with “Classes of Service”
Implement 2-Phase Commit
Digite, Inc.
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Evaluate Bottlenecks
Digite, Inc.
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Common Challenges in Software
Development
Upfront Planning and Prioritization
Conflict of priorities between various stakeholders
Shifting Business Priorities
Internal and External Sources of Demand
Different type of work and different classes of service
High levels of Discard Rates
Upstream Kanban and 2 Phase Commit will help
Streamline the Inflow of Work to the Dev Team
Digite, Inc.
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Go “Upstream” with Kanban
DoneNextOngoingDevelopment Testing
Done Ongoing DoneDeploy
SpecOngoing
PrioritizationDone
Pool of Ideas
ReadyOngoing Done
Digite, Inc.
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In Flow Systems, Commitment is
deferred
E
I
D
Commitment point
FF
FFF
F F
G
Pull
Wish to avoid aborting after commitment
IdeasDev
Ready
5Ongoing
Development Testing
Done
3 3
TestReady
5
UATReleaseReady
∞ ∞
We are committing to getting started. We are certain we want
to take delivery.
Ideas remain optional and (ideally) unprioritized
Digite, Inc.
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Software Teams often see High Discard
rates
E
I
DF
FF F
G
I
Reject
IdeasDev
Ready
5Ongoing
Development Testing
Done
3 3
TestReady
5
UATReleaseReady
∞ ∞
Discarded
The discard rate seen at a Microsoft team in 2004 was 48%.
~50% is commonly observed
Options have value because the future is uncertain
0% discard rate implies there is no uncertainty about the future
Digite, Inc.
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TestReady
FN
K
M
L J
F
Specific delivery commitment may be
deferred even later
E
I
GD
2nd
Commitmentpoint*
Discarded
I
IdeasDev
Ready
5Ongoing
Development Testing
Done
3 35
UATReleaseReady
∞ ∞
We are now committing to a specific release date
*This may happen earlier if circumstances demand it
Digite, Inc.
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Long Term…
Move towards Iteration-less delivery?
Use models such as Monte Carlo
simulation to forecast capability and set
customer expectations
Digite, Inc.
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Am I Lean Now?
We Improved 300%
Kanban Knows No Boundaries
Internally We Also Use Kanban for• HR
• Finance
• Sales
• Marketing
People use Swift-Kanban for
All of the above plus
Legal Transaction Management
Book Publishing
Video Game Development
Personal Kanban
And more
Kanban for Kids
https://micknelson.wordpress.com/2012/10/03/kanban-for-kids/
Applying Kanban to your Scrum
Processes
Digite, Inc.
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Digite, Inc.
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“Scrum vs. Kanban”
Is it an emotional thing?
So, how well is Scrum working for you?
It is working just fine for me!
I think it is working fine – but I’d like
to know how we can get better..
I need serious and immediate help to
improve!!
Digite, Inc.
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Some Challenges in Scrum
Estimation Challenges
Missed Scope/ Deadlines; Stories leak out
Software is not necessarily working or tested
Overwhelming focus on “rituals”
how to calculate the right velocity,
what % of time to allocate to surprises,
estimation inaccuracies and other such problems.
The Challenge of Batch Sizes
Disruptive Role-changes and Org Changes
Digite, Inc.
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Should you be applying Kanban to Scrum?
If everything is going well – and you are delivering
software to your customer as per their expectations –
perhaps there is no need to!
If you know – or have niggling doubts – that you could
be doing better, then by all means, look at Kanban!
Even if you don’t and you’d like to explore Kanban,
that’s a great reason as well.
Digite, Inc.
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Start with What you do Now
Start with What you do Now
Continue with your current Scrum processes and rituals, roles and titles
Continue to do Sprints and Releases, and use Scrum metrics and measures
Visualize your Dev team’s process more granularly
Agree to Improve Incrementally
Allow acts of leadership at all levels
Digite, Inc.
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Implementing Kanban in a Scrum
environment
Short Term: Start with what you have
Start with all the Standard Practices of Kanban
Implement WIP Limits and Manage Flow
Medium Term: Evaluate Improvement Opportunities
Evaluate/ Implement 2-Phase Commitment
Tweak WIP Limits and Process Steps
Long Term:
Consider moving to faster/ on-demand replenishment
Use models such as Risk Assessment and Monte Carlo Simulation for better Demand Management and Delivery Forecasting
Digite, Inc.
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Scrumban or Kanban? (What’s in a Name?)
Scrum + Kanban =
Scrum or Scrumban
or Kanban – YOUR
Choice!
The Kanban Method provides a number of
tools and techniques to boost the
performance of Scrum teams.Digite, Inc.
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Scrum and (not vs.) Kanban
Kanban does not compete with
Scrum.
Kanban complements and
supplements Scrum!
Digite, Inc.
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Resources
http://yuvalyeret.com/so-what-is-scrumban/
http://blog.venturepact.com/19-proven-benefits-of-
scrumban/
http://www.deloittedigital.com/us/blog/scrumban-a-
different-way-to-be-agile
https://www.agilealliance.org/what-is-scrumban/
Scrumban – and other Essays on Kanban Systems for
Lean Software Development; by Corey Ladas
Kanban and Scrum – making the most of both; by
Henrik Kniberg & Mattias Skarin
Digite, Inc.
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Thank you!
Mahesh Singh
Co-founder, SVP – Head of Marketing, Digité, Inc.
Kanban Coaching Professional (KCP)/ AKT-in-the-
making
@maheshsingh/ [email protected]/ +1 (408) 761-
2238
www.digite.com
Digite, Inc.
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