KAMBO-SEACF CONFERENCE- NYERI-2012-FINAL
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1 Efficacy Of Selected Botanical Pesticides Against Red Spider Mite, Tetranychus telarius And Aphid, Aphis Gossypii On Cotton (Kambo et al., 2012) P.O. Box 298-10300, Kerugoya, Kenya (Email: [email protected]) Introduction In Kenya, cotton is grown mainly in Eastern, Central, Nyanza, Coast ,Western and Rift Valley regions. Production potential commercial variety, HART 89M range from 4000 kg ha¯¹ (Research) to 900 kg ha¯¹ in Farmers’ field. Pest management by use of synthetic pesticides account for about 32% of the total cost of production. Botanical pesticides are environmentally friendly and affordable to small scale farmers Important Pests of Cotton Helicoverpa armigera Major problem occur during fruiting stage of cotton Attack coincides with the formation of squares Infestation can cause up to 100% yield loss, if left unchecked Important Pests of Cotton Cont… Tetranychus telarius T. telarius become a major problem during the dry spell between January and March Heavy attack- leaf reddens, becomes covered with webbing, withers and shed off Severity of damage by T. telarius depends on Prevailing weather conditions- dry weather conducive Insecticides sprayed for the control of H. armigera-Synthetic pyrethroids Serious attack if unchecked by spraying expensive miticides may lead to total loss of entire crop Important Pests of Cotton Cont… Aphis gossypii A. gosypii become a major problem during the dry spell between January and March Heavy attack leads to leaves cupping and distortion Drops of sticky honeydew and/or patches of sooty mould form on upper side of leaves Severity of damage by A. gosypii depends on prevailing weather conditions- dry weather conducive Serious attack may lead to heavy yield losses and poor quality cotton Important Pests of Cotton Cont… Dysdercus spp. Dysdercus spp. appear during splitting of the bottom and top crop Causes abortion of small green bolls due to death of seeds Causes yellow staining on the developing cotton lint inside the bolls Low quality Grade BR is mainly caused by stainers
Transcript of KAMBO-SEACF CONFERENCE- NYERI-2012-FINAL
1
Efficacy Of Selected Botanical Pesticides Against Red Spider Mite, Tetranychus
telarius And Aphid, Aphis Gossypii On Cotton
(Kambo et al., 2012)
P.O. Box 298-10300, Kerugoya, Kenya (Email: [email protected])
Introduction
§ In Kenya, cotton is grown mainly in Eastern, Central, Nyanza, Coast ,Western and Rift Valley regions.
§ Production potential commercial variety, HART 89M range from 4000 kg ha¯¹ (Research) to 900 kg ha¯¹ in Farmers’ field.
§ Pest management by use of synthetic pesticides account for about 32% of the total cost of production.
§ Botanical pesticides are environmentally friendly and affordable to small scale farmers
Important Pests of Cotton Helicoverpa armigera ¤ Major problem occur during
fruiting stage of cotton
¤ Attack coincides with the formation of squares
¤ Infestation can cause up to 1 0 0 % y i e l d l o s s , i f l e f t unchecked
Important Pests of Cotton Cont… Tetranychus telarius ¤ T. telarius become a major problem
during the dry spell between January and March
¤ Heavy attack- leaf reddens, becomes covered with webbing, withers and shed off
¤ Severity of damage by T. telarius depends on Ø Prevailing weather conditions- dry
weather conducive Ø Insecticides sprayed for the control
of H. armigera-Synthetic pyrethroids ¤ Serious attack if unchecked by spraying
expensive miticides may lead to total loss of entire crop
Important Pests of Cotton Cont… Aphis gossypii ¤ A. gosypii become a major problem
during the dry spell between January and March
¤ Heavy attack leads to leaves cupping and distortion
¤ Drops of sticky honeydew and/or patches of sooty mould form on upper side of leaves
¤ Severity of damage by A. gosypii depends on prevai l ing weather conditions- dry weather conducive
¤ Serious attack may lead to heavy yield losses and poor quality cotton
Important Pests of Cotton Cont… Dysdercus spp. ¤ Dysdercus spp. appear during
splitting of the bottom and top crop
¤ Causes abortion of small green bolls due to death of seeds
¤ Causes yellow staining on the developing cotton lint inside the bolls
¤ Low quality Grade BR is mainly caused by stainers
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Integrated Pest Management
¤ IPM including pesticides, cultural, biological and resistant cultivars is the most ideal cotton pest management strategy
¤ Control measures for mites and aphids– especially by use of synthetic pyrethroids kill natural enemies leading to pest population explosions.
¤ Use of botanical pesticides as a component of IPM is highly acceptable
Objective
¤ To evaluate the efficacy of selected botanical pesticides against red spider mite and aphids on cotton
Justification
¤ Collapse of cotton production from 70,000 bales in 1985 to less than 20,000 bales in 2000
¤ Pest management by use of synthetic pesticides take up about 32% of production costs
¤ Botanical pesticides are affordable to small scale farmers
Materials and Method
Treatments
Ø Tobacco LP
Ø Pyrethrum FP
Ø Garlic Cloves
Ø Ageratum LP
Ø Neem LP
Materials and Method
Treatments
Ø Melia LP
Ø Sodom apple LP
Ø Custard apple LP
Ø Sodom apple F
Ø Achook EC
Materials and Method
Treatments
Ø Bulldock Star EC
Ø Omite EC
Ø Paraffin + Teepol
Ø Control (Inside)
Ø Control (Outside)
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Experimental Design and Layout ¤ 4 replications ¤ Experimental Design RCBD ¤ 15 treatments ¤ 5 x 5m plot size ¤ 3m between blocks ¤ 2m between plots within
block ¤ 70 plants per plot @ 30 x
100cm
Botanicals Sodom apple Ageratum spp.
Results (Mites)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
TLP PF GC ALP NLP MLP SLP CLP SFJ AEC BEC OEC PT CI CE
No. of Mites/leaf
No. of Mites/leaf
Results (Aphids)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
TLP PF GC ALP NLP MLP SLP CLP SFJ AEC BEC OEC PT CI CE
No. of Aphids/leaf
No. of Aphids/leaf
Results (Mites) ¤ Persistent use of synthetic insecticides lead to
heavy mite damage
Acknowledgement
Ø Director, KARI
Ø KAPAP
Ø KARI Support Staff
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Thank you
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