Kalol Water Audit Report

7/30/2019 Kalol Water Audit Report

1/51

Preliminary Water Audit: Estimation of WaterLossesandStrategyforLossReductionCityofKalol,Gujarat,IndiaSubmitted to:

PAS Project

CEPT University

Prepared by:

Sapient Techno Consultants

In association with Multi Media Consultants Pvt Ltd

November 2010


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PreliminaryWaterAudit:EstimationofWater

LossesandStrategyforLossReduction

Cityof

Kalol,

Gujarat,

India

CEPTUniversity

November2010


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i

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................ii

Abbreviations............................................................................................................................iii

1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................12. OverviewofWaterSupply.................................................................................................3

2.1 PopulationandWaterDemandoftheCity...........................................................32.2 WaterSupplyandDistributionSystem..................................................................42.3 EstimatedCostofWaterandRevenueGeneration..............................................9

3. TheApproachtoWaterAudit...........................................................................................124. ResultsofBasicWaterAudit..............................................................................................155. SuggestionsforReducingWaterLossesandNonrevenueWater...............................20

ANNEXURES

Annexure1:DetailsofKalolMainWaterSupplyNetwork........................................................22

Annexure2:VolumetricMeasurement...........................................................................................39

Annexure3:ESRInletFlowDetails................................................................................................41

Annexure4:ESROutletFlowDetails.............................................................................................42

Annexure5:DetailsofBucketSurveyatConsumersEnd..........................................................43

LISTOFTABLES

Table1:Dailyaveragewatersupplyfromvarioussources..........................................................6

Table2:Waterdemandandpopulation...........................................................................................8

Table3:Ferrulesizewisenumberofauthorisedconnections.....................................................8

Table4:Detailsofpowercostaccordingtoborewell...................................................................10

Table5:Approximatecostofwaterproduction.............................................................................10

Table6:Detailsofrevenuedemand(FY200910)..........................................................................11

Table7:Wardwisedetailsofhouseholdsandconnections.........................................................17

Table8:StandardIWAwaterbalance..............................................................................................18


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Acknowledgements

ThisreportprovidesfindingsofthepreliminarywaterauditconductedbySapientTechno

Consultants in association with Multi Media Consultants Pvt Ltd in Kalol Nagarpalika

duringFebruaryMarch2010.FundingforthewaterauditwasprovidedbythePerformance

Assessment System (PAS) Project initiated by Centre for Environmental Planning and

Technology(CEPT)Universityinearly2009.

The authors would also like to acknowledge the constant support, encouragement and

assistancefromMrAmitbhaiPandya,ChiefOfficer,KalolNagarpalika,andthestaffofthe

NagarpalikaincludingMrNarendraPatel,WaterWorksEngineer.

Our work hasbenefited from the insights of a large number of resource persons. We

particularlyacknowledgeconstantsupportandfeedbackfrommembersofthePASProject

team,particularlyMsMeeraMehta,MrDineshMehta,MsChandanChawlaandMsJaladhi

Vavaliya.Wehavealsobenefited from the suggestionsmadebyparticipantsat theNRW

Expert Group meeting at the CEPT University in January 2009. The methodology and

findings of the water audit were discussed extensively with the PAS Project team and

Project Advisory Committee member. They have contributed significantly to the

development of methodology and field processes. We would like to acknowledge the

support of the entire team ofPASpartners,particularlyMrM.C.Mehta from theUrban

ManagementCentreandMrN.H.KusnurfromAllIndiaInstituteofLocalSelfGovernment.

ThefindingsofthepreliminarywateraudithavebeensharedwiththeNagarpalikastaffand

representatives of the electedbody.We arehighly grateful for their interest and for this

opportunitytopresentthefindingsandcollectivelyworkoutimprovementmeasurestoaim

towardshigher efficiency inmanagementofwater resource in the city.Asother cities in

GujaratandMaharashtrabegintoexploresimilarstudies,lessonsandexperiencesfromthis

pilotstudywillbevaluable.Weseethisasanevolvingpieceofworkthatwillbenefitfrom

thisexperience.

FinallywewouldliketothanktheprojectteammembersMrA.M.Patel,MrMiteshShah

and other colleagues from Sapient andMultiMedia who contributed very generously

duringmeetingswithKalolNagarpalikastaffandfieldwork.

RoshanShah

ApurvaParikh

SapientTechnoConsultantsInassociationwithMultiMediaConsultantsPvtLtd


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iii

Abbreviations

AIILSG AllIndiaInstituteofLocalSelfGovernment

CARL Currentannualreallosses

CPHEEO CentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation

DMA Districtmeteredarea

ESR Elevatedservicereservoir

GWSSB GujaratWaterSupplyandSanitationBoard

hr hour

ILI Infrastructureleakageindex

IWA InternationalWaterAssociation

km kilometre

kW kiloWatts

lpcd litrespercapitaperday

m3 cubicmetres

min/day minutesperday

MLD millionlitresperday

mm millimetre

NRW Nonrevenuewater

O&M Operationandmaintenance

OZ Operatingzone

PAS PerformanceAssessmentSystem

PVC Polyvinylchloride

UARL Unavoidableannualreallosses

UFW Unaccountedforwater

UGSR Undergroundservicereservoir

ULB Urbanlocalbody

UMC UrbanManagementCentre

WDS Waterdistributionstation

WTP Watertreatmentplant

Note:1lakh=100,000.


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1.Introduction

Access towater and sanitation services inurban India iswidespread,but little isknown

about the quality and level of service, and coverage of the poor households. For new

investments in the sector tobe effective, it is important to assess theperformance of the

existingsystemandensureitssustainabilityandreachforthepoorandunserved.

CentreforEnvironmentalPlanningandTechnology(CEPT)Universityhasreceivedamajor

grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for developing and implementing a

performanceassessmentsystemforurbanwaterandsanitationinGujaratandMaharashtra.

Theaimofthisresearchprogrammeistodevelopbetterinformationonwaterandsanitation

performance and to ensure its useby the cities for extending services to all, strive for

financialviabilityandimprovereliabilityandqualityofservices.

This research shall focus on the use of these performance indicators andbenchmarks to

facilitateconsistentreporting,monitoring,planning,budgetingand investing inwaterand

sanitationservicesin400urbanareasofGujaratandMaharashtrastates.

TheprojectisbeingimplementedbyCEPTUniversity,withtheUrbanManagementCentre

(UMC)and theAll India InstituteofLocalSelfGovernments (AIILSG).CEPTcoordinates

theproject,withtheUMCcarryingoutactivitiesinGujaratandtheAIILSGinMaharashtra.

Withitspartners,CEPTUniversityisworkingwithstateandlocalgovernmentstodevelopa

reliable and sustainable Performance Assessment System (PAS) for urban water and

sanitationservices.ThePASenvisagedinthisprojectincludes:PerformanceMeasurement,

PerformanceMonitoring,andPerformanceImprovement.

Thekeyprojectobjectivesofthefiveyearprojectare:

Objective 1: To develop and implement a performance measurement system forregularandreliableurbanwatersupplyandsanitationinformation.

Objective 2: To design and share results with urban local bodies (ULBs), stategovernment agencies, other stakeholders and media through a performance

monitoring and dissemination system for use in decision making, providing

incentivesandinfluencingdemand.

Objective3:TofacilitatedevelopmentofperformanceimprovementplansbyULBswithsupportfromstategovernment,nongovernmentalorganisationsandthe

privatesector.

CEPTinitiatedstudiestomeetthefirstobjectivetodevelopandimplementthePerformance

MeasurementSystem.Thepilotresultsfrom30citiesinGujaratandMaharashtrarevealthat

thereareseriousgapsindataavailabilityrelatedtowaterproduced,distributedandlosses

incurred in urban water supply system. There is a need to tackle this data gap and

brainstorm on possible reliablemethods formeasuring efficiency of urbanwater supply

provision. There is also a need to focus more on issues related to the operation and

maintenance(O&M)ofwatersystems.

Inresponsetothese,anexpertgroupmeetingwasorganisedbyCEPTinJanuary2010,the

objectivebeingtounderstandandsharetheexperienceofspecialistsinthefieldandwater


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studiesconductedinotherpartsofcountry,understandvariousmethodsandtechniquesof

waterflow/quantitymeasurementandestimationofnonrevenuewater(NRW).

Basedonthediscussionsduringthemeeting,itwasdecidedbyCEPTtoengageanexternal

agency to carry out a basic water audit, to establish benchmark flow parameters and

preliminaryestimation

of

NRW.

The

initial

pilot

study

was

taken

up

in

Kalol

municipality.

CEPThasdecidedtoappointus,thatis,MultimediaConsultantsPvtLtd,inassociationwith

SapientTechnoConsultants,tocarryout thesestudieson itsbehalf inKalol.Basedonthe

experiencegainedfromKalol,furtherstudieswillbetakenupinothercities.

This report discusses how the basic water audit approach has been applied to the

distributionsysteminthecityofKalol,inthestateofGujaratinIndia.Kalolhasahighlevel

ofNRWbutalsosuffersfromashortfallinitsownwaterresources,forcingthelocalbodyto

augmentsupplywith theadditionofuntreatedwater fromgroundwatersources, forcing

thelocalbodytoaugmentsupplywiththeadditionofuntreatedwaterfromgroundwater

sources.

The limited scope of thebasic water audit does not permit a detailed estimation of all

indicators.However,theattemptistoassessandmakeapreliminaryestimateoflossesby

measuring the water produced, water supplied in the distribution network and water

consumptionestimatebasedonasamplestudy.Itadaptstheinternationallyandnationally

acceptedmethodologyof the InternationalWaterAssociation (IWA)usinga standardised

waterbalanceforcalculatinglossesfromdistributionnetworks.

TheresultsofthisstudydemonstratethehighNRWlevelsanditsbasiccomponentsusinga

relatively cost effective method. Further support can be provided to the Kalol ULB to

identifyareasoffocusaswellastodevelopastrategyforregularmeasurementofNRWand

measures for its reduction. In addition,based on this experience, steps in carrying out abasicwaterauditwillalsobeidentified.


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2.OverviewofWaterSupplyinKalol

Kalol is located incentralGujarat,about20kmbyroad from thestatecapitalanddistrict

headquarter ofGandhinagar, and about 30 km fromAhmedabad, in thewesternpart of

India. It has a population of approximately 150,000 (111,700 as per 2001 census) and is

classifiedasAClassmunicipalitywithapopulationofmorethan1lakh.

Whilethemajorityofthepopulationisdependentonfarmingandtradingoffarmproduce,

rapidindustrialisationinGujarathasledtothesettingupofvariousmediumandlargescale

industries in the fertiliser, engineering and pharmaceutical sectors, providing ample

employmentopportunitiesto the localpopulation.Thishasalso led torapidurbanisation,

migrationfromruralareasandriseinpopulationinandaroundthecityofKalol,whichis

destined tobecome an important suburb ofAhmedabad. It is also emerging as amajor

educationcentre.

Thishasoverburdenedtheexistingwatersupplyandseweragesystem,withthecityalready

facingproblem

of

scarce

resources

and

lack

of

proper

funds

to

create

additional

facilities;

insufficientrevenuegenerationdoesnotpermittheassetstobecomeselfsustaining.

So,inFebruary2010,CEPTawardedthecontractformeasuringandestimatingwaterlosses

forthecityofKalol.ThiscontractwasforfourtosixweeksandwasundertakenbySapient

Techno Consultants Pvt Ltd in association with Multi Media Consultants Pvt Ltd. The

studies commenced on February 1, 2010, and were concluded on March 9, 2010, and

includedmeasurementofflowatsourcetoestimatethesysteminput,flowmeasurementto

estimatethesupplyinputtodistributionnetworkandassessthecombinedlossesintreated

watermains andwaterdistribution stations, and flowmeasurement at enduser location

(householdconnection)toestimateconsumptionandlossesinsupplynetwork.

2.1PopulationandWaterDemandofKalolCity

Asper2001IndiaCensus,KalolCitywasestimatedtohaveapopulationofabout111,700

(0.112million).AspermunicipalofficialsofKalol,thepresentpopulationisestimatedtobe

around150,000(0.15million)duetotherapidgrowththatthecityhaswitnessedinthelast

fewyears.

Considering135lpcd(litrespercapitaperday)supplyandallowingfor15percentlossesas

pertheCentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation(CPHEEO),the

householdconsumerdemand isestimated tobeabout15.07MLD (million litresperday),

requiringproduction

at

source

of

17.74

MLD

(considering

a

population

of

0.112

million

as

perthe2001Census).

However,assumingthatthepresentpopulationis0.15million,itwouldrequireabout20.25

MLD tomeethousehold consumerdemand,whichwould, in turn, requireproduction at

sourceof23.8MLD.


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2.2TheKalolWaterSupplyandDistributionSystem

ThecityofKalolreceivesitswaterfromtwodifferenttypesofsourcesSurfaceWaterand

GroundWaterSources.This compriseofa total 22different sources includingonemajor

sourcefrom

Pratappura

Water

Treatment

Plant

based

on

Surface

Water

Source

and

rest

twentyoneBoreHole sourceswithinKalolCity,both togetherproducinga totalof17.26

MLD.SchematicdiagramofKalolwatersupplysystemisgiveninfigure1.

Themajor source is fromPratappuraWaterTreatmentPlant setupby theGujaratWater

SupplyandSewerageBoard(GWSSB)thattakeswaterfromNarmadaCanal,aninitiativeby

the Government of Gujarat to provide irrigation water and drinking water facilities to

droughtproneregions.Thisplantislocatedabout4kmfromthecity.Thissourceprovides

approximately12.5to13MLDwateratpresent.


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Figure1:SchematicdiagramofKalolswatersupplysystem


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Figure2:MapofKalolswatersupplysystem

Ofthe21boreholesources,theonelocatedinVankarvasisgenerallynotused,thatis,water

isdrawn only in case of stoppage ofwater treatment plant (WTP)water.Hence, the 20differentboreholesourceswithinKalolcitytogetherproduceabout4.54MLD.

Table 1 provides details of various sources and estimated production quantity at each

source.

Table9:Dailyaveragewatersupplyfromvarioussources

Sr

no

Sourcelocation Avginst

flow

(m3/hr)

Avg

working

hr

Avgdaily

flow(m3)

Avg

daily

flow

(MLD)

(A)

Surfacewater

(Pratappura

WTP)

1 Narmadawater(Pratappura) 753 17 12717 12.72

Subtotal(A) 12.72

(B) Groundwater(Tosump)

1 Vankarvasbore (usedonly inabsence

ofWTPwater)

35 0 0 0.00

2 Kalyanpurabore2 61 4.5 274 0.27

3 Kalyanpurabore3 33 5 167 0.17

4 Divadabore 76 3.5 266 0.27

5 MayurHousingbore 36 3 108 0.11

6 KumbharNiChalibore 68 7 476 0.48


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Sr

no


flow

(m3/hr)

Avg

working

hr

Avgdaily

flow(m3)

Avg

daily

flow

(MLD)

7 Sardarbagbore 30 2 60 0.06

8 Navjivanbore 35 6 210 0.219 JyoteshNagarbore 54 21 1130 1.13

Subtotal(B) 2.69

(C) Groundwater(toESR)


2 Tersaparubore 14 3.5 49 0.05

Subtotal(C) 0.09

(D) Groundwater(Directtonetwork)

1 CivilHospitalbore 56 5 280 0.28


3 Navjivanbore 35 2.5 87 0.09

4 IFFCObore 62 3.5 218 0.22

5 BhavaniNagarbore 50 6 307 0.31

6 Pavathibore 49 3 147 0.15

7 AyojanNagarbore 81 4 324 0.32

8 JyoteshNagar 54 3 161 0.16

9 MahendraMillboreline1 58 0.45 26 0.03


11 PumpfortankerfillingatSardarbag 0.05


Sub

total

(D)

1.68(E) Ground water (To garden/ hospital

tank)


2 Sardarbagbore (gardenwater storage

tank)

30 1 30 0.03

Subtotal(E) 0.09

Grandtotal(A+B+C+D) Auth.

billed

in MLD 17.17

Grandtotal(A+B+C+D+E) Tot.

auth.

in MLD 17.26

Source:ActualflowmeasurementusingportableflowmeteratKalol.Note: The water supply at (E) areforpublic utilities likegarden and civil hospital whichformspart ofauthorisedconsumptionbutshallnotbeapartofbilledconsumption.Weshallbeconsideringthissupplyforthepurposeofwaterbalancechartonlyandisignoredforothercalculations.

While the water supply of 17.17 MLD is adequate to meet the water demand of the

population(asper2001census),itcanbeestimatedthatthereisacurrentshortfallofwater

of about 28per cent considering thedemand of 24MLD for thepresentpopulation (see

Table2).


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Table10:Waterdemandandpopulation

Populationasper Popula

tion

Demand

@135

lpcd(MLD)

Provisio

nfor

15%losses

(MLD)

Total

demand

(MLD)

Actual

water

supply(MLD)

Supply

shortfall

(MLD)

%

Shortfall

ofsupply

2001Census 100,008 13.5 2.02 15.53 17.17

Present 2010

(assumed)

150,000 20.25 3.57 23.82 17.17 6.65 27.92%

Till a few years ago, Kalol was totally dependent on ground water sources. The water

supply from the recently commissioned Pratappura WTP has helped Kalol reduce its

relianceon,andexploitationof,groundwatersources,andalsoledtoimprovedqualityof

water.

The Kalol transmission main is about 9 km; the distribution system comprises asbestos

cement, PVC and CI pipe work. There are approximately 17,874 service connections of

varioussizesofinch,inchand1inchconnections.Asummaryoftheconnectionsizes

andnumberofconnectionsofeachsizeisgiveninTable3.

Table11:Ferrulesizewisenumberofauthorisedconnections

Sr

no

Typeofconnection Domestic

connections

Commercial

connections

Authorised

connections

1 1/2inch 17725 58 17783

2 3/4inch 55 3 58

3 1inch 10 23 33

Total 17790 84 17874

Source:Kalolpropertytaxdepartment.A

transmission

main

of

Kalols

water

supply

system

is

850

mm

diameter

M.S.

line

linking

the main source of water, the Pratappura WTP, and the town of Kalol in the newly

developedwaterdistribution station (WDS) atCivilHospitalWaterWorks campus. The

treated mains supply water to TP46, Vankarvas and Town Hall WDS on way to Civil

HospitalCampusthroughbranchlines.

ThetreatedwatermainsbranchesoffbeforeTownHallWDSonwaytoCivilHospitalWDS

to supplywaterup toMainWaterWorksWDSofKalolCity,which is theoldest supply

system of Kalol through 500 mm, 450 mm and 400 mm size lines, and also feeds to

KalyanpuraandDivadaWDSenroute.

TheCivilHospitalWDSinturnsupplieswatertoSardaNagar,SardarbagandKumbharNi

Chali (tobe commissioned) WDS through one transmission main, and to Navjivan and


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DrainageWDS throughanother.Both thesemainsare interconnectedandeach is fedbya

dedicatedsetofpumpingmachinery.

TheseM.S.transmissionmainshavebeenlaidrecently.Problemsorlossesarethereforenot

anticipatedinthem.

However,thedistributionnetworkofKalolisacombinationofsomeveryoldandnewlines;thenetworkisinterconnectedandnorecords/drawingsareavailablewithKalolauthorities

andpose aproblem indeterminingbothphysical losses andnonphysical losses (mainly

theft of water). The distribution network comprises a variety of pipematerial including

asbestoscementpipes,PVCpipesandcastironpipesofvarioussizeswhicharesuspectto

leakagedue tovarious factors includingage/lifeofpipe,workmanship/quality, tampering

forunauthorised connections, sections ofpipes subjected toveryhighpressures toboost

pressure before supply, illegal drawl of water by pumping machinery leading to low

pressure/cavitationsofpipelines,etc.

In

absence

of

network

drawings

and

records,

the

system

was

visually

surveyed.

Location

wise sketcheswereprepared incorporatingall the relevantdetails required tounderstand

thesystem(seeAnnexure1fordetails).

Supply to the city is intermittent,with supplyhours varying from 0.75 to 1.5 hours; the

averagesupplyhoursobservedarelessthanonehour.Theconnectionsareunmetered.

2.3EstimatedCostofWaterandRevenueDemandforKalol

ThewatertariffchargedbytheGWSSBfortreatedwatersupplyfromthePratappuraWTP

isRs4per1,000litres(perm3).

The

cost

of

power

for

operating

bore

wells

was

estimated

by

measuring

the

actual

power

consumedbyeachbore(exceptKalyanpuraborenumber3wherepowermeasurementwas

notpossible).ThedetailsarepresentedinTable4.

Itshouldbenoted that themeasuredvaluesofactualcurrentandpowerconsumedwere

observed tobemuchhigher than the ratedborewell ratings furnishedby theauthorities

duringdatacollection.Thisindicatesthateitherthepump/motorsetefficiencyisverylow,

orthepumpmaynotbeoperatingatdutypointortheremaybehigherfrictionallossesdue

to lower linesize,etc. Itshouldalsobenoted that thewindingof themotor isnotasper

designed requirement ormighthavebeen changedduring operation as it is observed to

carrymuchhighercurrentthantheratedcurrentallowedasperpump/motorrating.

BasedontheconnectedloadofborewellandassumingpowertariffofRs4.50perunit,the

estimatedcostofoperatingborewellforaugmentingwatersupplytocityisexpectedtobe

aroundRs21,918perdaywithconnectedloadtotallingtoabout650kW.


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Table12:Detailsofpowercostaccordingtoborewell

Sr

no

Sourcelocation Avg

flow

(m3/hr)

Avg

workin

ghrs

Pump

kW

Current

measure

ment

(Amp)

Actual

kW

Approx

powercost

(Rs)

(A) Groundwater(tosump)

1 Vankarvasbore (used only in

absenceofWTPwater)

35 0 30 55.0 34.8 0

2 Kalyanpura bore 2 (in

compoundwall)

61 4.5 45 62.0 33.7 682

3 Kalyanpura bore 3 (o/s

compound wall) (current/kW

not measured, so power is

assumed)

33.5 5 25 15.0 337

4 Divadabore 76 3.5 45 68.0 42.2 664

5 MayurHousingbore 36 5 30 63.0 39.0 877

6 KumbharNiChalibore 68 7 45 96.6 61.1 1925

7 Sardarbagbore 30 3 45 67.4 50.6 683

8 Navjivanbore 35 8.5 45 76.0 45.4 1736

9 Tersaparubore 14 3.5 22 42.0 26.7 421

10 JyoteshNagarbore 53.8 24 45 80.0 70.0 7560

11 CivilHospitalbore 56 5 45 97.0 65.0 1462

12 IFFCObore 62.5 3.5 45 98.0 73.7 1161

13 BhavaniNagarbore 50 6.15 45 73.0 79.4 2197

14 Pavathibore 49 3 45 87.5 53.7 725

15 AyojanNagarbore 81 4 45 93.0 72.3 1301

16 MahendraMillbore 58 0.9 45 62.0 45.4 184

Total 645 21918

Costperm3forproducing4,453.05m3waterperday(Rs) 4.92

Note:Basedonmeasurementofactualpowerconsumption.TheestimatedtotalcostofproductionperannumisthusexpectedtobeasperTable5.

Table13:Approximatecostofwaterproduction

Sourceof

water

Supply

(m3/annum)Cost

(Rs/m3) Total

cost

(Rs/year)

PratappuraWTP 4,641,705 4.00 18,566,820

Borewell 1,607,478 4.92 7,908,793

Total(Rs/annum) 26,475,613

Groundwaterextractioncost(Rs4.92perm3whichincludesonlyoperationalcost)ishigher

thanNarmadabulkpurchasecost(Rs4perm3).Theoperationcostofborewellisassumed

considering thepowercostonlyand theactualcostshallbemuchhigherafteradding the

costofmanpower,spares,etc,incurredaspartoftheO&Mschedule.Allthewatersupply

connectionsin

Kalol

are

unmetered

and

the

authorities

till

now

levied

a

fixed

charge

based


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11

on size and type of connection. Recently Kalol has also introduced a special water tax.

Accordingly,theapproximateamountofrevenuedemandisasperTable6.

Table14:Detailsofrevenuedemand(FY200910)

Sizeofconnections 1/2inch 3/4inch 1inch

1 DOMESTIC

Noofconnections 17,725 55 10

Watercharges 300 900 1800

Subtotal(A) 5,317,500 49,500 18,000

Watertax/connection 120 120 120

Subtotal(B) 2,127,000 6,600 1,200

TotalDomestic(A+B) 7,444,500 56,100 19,200

2 COMMERCIAL

Noofconnections 58 3 23

Watercharges

600

1,800

3,600

Subtotal(C) 34,800 5,400 82,800

Watertax/connections 120 120 120

Subtotal(D) 6,960 360 2,760

TotalCommercial(C+D) 41,760 5,760 85,560

Total Domestic +

Commercial 7,486,260 61,860 104,760

Grandtotal(Rs) 7,652,880

Source:Kalolpropertytaxdepartment.Table6suggeststhattherevenuedemandisonlyaboutRs76.5 lakhagainsttheestimated

cost of production of about Rs 264.7, excluding the cost ofmanpower and maintenance

incurredbyKalolmunicipality.

It isworthnoting that that thebilleddemand isonly50percentofestimatedenergyand

rawwatercosts.Thus,Kalolmunicipalityneeds to initiatemeasuresonall fronts tomake

theoperation financiallyselfsustaining throughmeasuressuchaswaterconservationand

improveddistributionefficiency,andpolicydecisions forenhanced revenuegeneration to

reducethisdeficit.Beforeresortingtotariffincreases,theULBneedstoreduceitscostsand

increaseitsrevenuesasfaraspossible.OnekeyelementinthisistoreduceNRWwhichwill

help to reduceneed fornew resourcegenerationand reduceoperatingcosts. It is for this

purposethat

a

basic

water

audit

was

conducted

for

Kalol

municipality.


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3.TheApproachtoWaterAuditinKalol

The water audit is a well established procedure that identifies productive uses and

needlesswaste.

Ifone

knows

where

water

is

used

and

lost,

a

saving

plan

of

water

can

be

planned.

By

conductingawateraudit,onecantrackwaterusageandfocusonactivitiesthatcausewater

lossandwhatthatlosscoststheutility.Identifyingandrepairing leakssavesasubstantial

quantityofwater,savingexpenditure for theULBandalsoavoiding theneed to look for

newwatersources tomeet the increase inwaterdemand.Thus,awaterauditcandeliver

expected results by identifying and fixing water problems and make a water utility

financiallysustainable.

The overall goal of a water audit should be to select and implement programmes that

reduce water losses.By conducting awater audit, an assessment of the capacity of total

water produced and actual quantity water distributed is worked out. This will help to

computeestimationofwaterlossesinthesystem.

In the caseofKalol, the studywas limited to abasicwater audit tomake apreliminary

assessmentofwaterlossesbymeasuringflowsatsource,intermediatelocationsinnetwork

aspermissibleandat the consumers end (random sampling).The studywas carriedout

over a period of onemonth. It focused ondeveloping good estimates of total supply of

waterandwaterreceivedattheconsumersend.Amoredetailedwaterauditwhichwould

includedemarcationofdistrictmeteredareas(DMAs)alongwithhydraulicmodellingcould

betakenuplateriftheresultsshowhighNRWlevels.

Sketchesofimportantnodesofthenetworkwhichwerepreparedaftervisual inspection

andwerebasedondataobtainedfromtheKalolNagarpalikaaregiveninAnnexure1.

MethodologyAdoptedforConductingaBasicWaterAuditinKalol

Thestudieswereconducted inKalolcityoveramonth inFebruaryandMarch2010.The

majoraspectscoveredinthestudyinclude:

BackgroundStudy:

Understanding the supply system and familiarisation with existing distributionnetwork.Astimeandotherconstraintsdidnotpermitundertakingdetailedsurvey

andsystemmappingof theentiresupplyanddistributionnetworkofKalolcity, it

was agreed to cover only major components of the system such as WTPs,underground storage reservoirs (UGSRs),elevatedservice reservoir (ESRs),etc, for

thestudy.

AmeetingwasconductedwithULBofficialstounderstandthewatersupplyschemeofKalol cityandobtain themapsof the supplynetwork.Details forquantityand

quality of supply, supply pattern, time of supply and other aspects were also

discussed.

Avisit/visualinspectionwascarriedoutatallmajorpointsofsupply,thatis,WTPs,UGSRs,ESRs,etc, toverify thedataprovidedby theULBandprepareanupdated


18/51

13

sketchofmajorpointsofthesupplysystem.Itwasalsostudiedtocheckpossibility

formeasurementofflowandpressureinthesystem.

Detailsofregisteredconnectionsofvarioussizeswerecollected from theULB.Thelatestpopulationdatawerealsoobtained.

QuantityMeasurement:

Measurementofsupplyincluded:o System input, that is, flowsat source (production) comprising supply from

WTPs as well as measurement of ground water resource supply, that is,

tube/bore wells. System input (water produced at source) was measured

usingportableultrasonic flowmeters.The sourcemeasurement comprised

measuringflowsoftreatedwaterpumpsatWTPsandtube/borewellpumps

withinKalolcity.

oThe

assessment

of

treated

water

mains

feeding

the

treated

water

to

various

UGSRswas carried outbymeasuring the volume ofwater supplied from

WTPs and reaching critical/last point UGSRs in the network. The WTP

flow/volumeduringstudywasmonitoredwithportableflowmeterandthe

watersupplyvolumeatUGSRswasmeasuredbyvolumetricmethod.

o Thebooster pump dischargeprovided in variousUGSRs feedingwater toassociatedESRsaswellasflowonESR inletpipetoESR,wherepossibleas

per site conditions,were assessedusing portable flowmeters. Thiswould

enablegettinganideaofthetotalwatersupplyfedtoESRsandalsoarough

estimationofthevolume/capacityofESRs.

o ESRoutletdischargewasmeasured (except foroneveryoldESR) toassessthe quantity of water fed to the distribution system using portable flow

meters.ThetotalsupplytothecitycomprisedESRoutletflowplustubewell

supply fed into the network toboost pressure aswell as direct supply to

populationincertainpocketsofthecity.

Consumption (or supply at the consumers end) was measuredby studying thedemographyandnumberofconnectionsofvarioussizesandfinalisingthelocation

and number of samples tobe studied in consultation with CEPT. A survey was

conductedanddetailswereobtainedforthesupplyhours.Theteamwasdeputedto

theselected

locations/households

during

the

supply

hours

to

measure

the

quantity

of

water received and also get an idea of the residual pressure at connection with

respect to ground level. The flow was measured usingbucket method, wherein

graduatedbuckets of 12litre capacity were used; twothree measurements were

carried out at each location during supply hours, and supply timings were also

observed to derive average quantity of water received by the household. Data

regarding the number ofmembers servedby the connection undermeasurement

werealsoobtained incaseofindividualhouseholdsandforcommonconnectionto

flats, average five members per flat for total number of flats served by the

connection.


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14

AsagreedwithCEPT,measurementsweretobecarriedoutaspersiteconditionin

existingsystemonlywithoutanymodificationorpunctureinthepipeline/system.


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15

4.ResultsofBasicWaterAuditforKalol

Thebasicwater audit forKalol comprised fivemain steps.The results for each step are

describedhere.

Step1:

Estimating

Water

Supply

per

Day

Thesystem input, that is,waterproducedatsource,wasmeasuredand found tobe17.26

MLD(17.17MLDexcludingpublicutilities)withaveragewatersupplyof12.72MLDfrom

WTPs,and rest4.54MLD fromgroundwatersourcesatvarious locations,as indicated in

Table1.

The supply topublicuse/utilities inKalol isobserved tobemaintained separatelyby the

ULB, which is about 0.09 MLD as indicated in (E) of Table 1. No standposts are

provided/maintainedbytheULBasperrecords.However,watersupplyof0.05MLDfedby

tankersisconsideredbyusasper(D)11ofTable1insysteminput

ItisfurtherobservedthattheaveragepumpcapacityofWTPsis750m3/hrwithanaverage

17hoursofdailypumping,therebyprovidingdailysupplyofabout12.513MLDtoKalol.

ThereispermanentflowmeasurementfacilityonKalolwatermainsandlogbooksatWTPs

wereobservedtobemaintainedproperly.ThebillingdataoftheGWSSBtotheULBwere

alsocheckedandverified.

Theremaining4.54MLDsupplyofthecityismetbygroundwatersources,fromabout20

tubewells,withone to24hoursofworking.While theworkinghoursof tubewellshave

beenreduced,itisobservedthattheULBcannotdoawaywithtubewellsinmanylocations

forthefollowingreasons:

Beinganintermittentsupply,usedinfillingboosterpumpstomaintainpressure inline

CertainpocketsoftheULBarestilldependentononlygroundwatersourcesastherequirednetworktofeedtheWTPwaterdoesnotexist.

TubewellsactasadditionalsourcesNarmada(WTP)waterreceivedisinsufficientatagivenlocation.

Step2:EstimatingWaterSupplyfromTreatedWaterMains

Ascanbeseenfromthenetworksketches inAnnexure1,theWTP feedswaterto thecity

throughtwo

major

branches

of

treated

water

mains:

one

up

to

the

main

water

works

sump

andtheothertotheCivilHospitalsump.Asisapparentfromthenetworkscheme,theWTP

suppliestreatedwaterto11UGSRslocatedinvariouspartsofKalolcity.

Themeasurementofflowreachinguptomainwaterworkssumpalongwithothersumps

enroute inonebranchandflowatCivilHospitalsumpforthesecondbranchwascarried

outwithvolumetricmethodinparalleltomeasurementofflowvolumedischargedfromthe

WTP during the same time duration, and the results were compared as indicated in

Annexure2.

Asobserved from thestudy, the flowvariation ranges from0.03percent to5.75percent

duringthree

different

studies,

and

considering

meter

inaccuracy

as

well

as

inaccuracy

of

up

to5percentassociatedwithvolumetricmeasurement,theresultofthestudyforassessment


21/51

16

of treatedwatermains are observed tobe satisfactory.Wepresume the losses in treated

watermainsasnegligibleornearthepermissible limitof1percentaspernorms,andwe

believethesameasthislineisnewandlaidrecentlywiththecommissioningoftheWTP.

Step3:EstimatingTreatedWaterConveyanceESR+Direct

The supply to thedistributionnetwork is through12ESRsand11borewells feeding thenetwork directly. Out of 12 ESRs, 11 are fedbybooster pumps provided in associated

UGSRs andoneESR isbeing filleddirectlyby aborewell.Thedetails are elaborated in

Annexures3and4.

ThesupplytotheESRfromtheUGSRanddirectsupplyfromgroundwatersourceswere

measuredusingportable flowmeter. Formainwaterworks, thedatawere taken asper

detailsfurnishedbyULBstaffasmeasurementsattheselocations,eithervolumetricorwith

flowmeter,wasnotpossible.Theflowsweremeasuredindividuallyateachlocation,with

supplyderivedbyassessingflowandtimeofpumpoperation.

As canbe observed from the measurements as per Annexure 3, the total treated waterconveyancefromUGSR/directbyborewellwasobservedtobe15.58MLDasagainstsupply

of17.17MLD(excludingpublicutilitysupply),whichindicatesalossofabout9.26percent

whichincludesmeasurementinaccuracyofupto5percent.

Inaddition, theESRoutlet flowsweremeasuredduring thesupplyhoursat theoutletof

eachESR(exceptmainW/W)usingportableflowmeter.Thetotalsupplytothedistribution

network fromESRsplusdirectborewell supplywas observed tobe 14.97MLD against

system input of 17.17 MLD representing a variation/loss of about 12.81 per cent,which

includesmeasurementinaccuracyofupto5percent,errorduetowaterbalanceatUGSRs

asthemeasurementmethodspannedoverafewdaysandactualloss.

ItcanbepresumedthatthelossfromWTPsupplyuptothepointof inputtodistribution

network canbe 35per cent,mainly resulting fromwater seepage fromUGSRs, leaking

treatedwaterconveyancelines,minortoheavyleakagesinESRs,pump/valveandpipejoint

leakages,etc.

Step4:MeasurementofConsumption

As per the details obtained from the ULB, the city has 17,874 authorised water supply

connections comprising 17,783 inch connections, 58 inch connections and 33 1inch

connections.Thisincludesbothdomesticaswellascommercial.(SeeTable3fordetails.)

Thedistributionofconnections isconcentrated towards residentialproperties;alsowithineacharea,theconcentrationofinchconnectionsismore.Toarriveatreliableestimateswe

need toconsider twoaspects. In the firstplacewe should identifya samplesizewhich is

statistically reliable toprovidemeaningfulestimatesatamunicipality levelwithacertain

precision.Thesecondstepistomakesurethatthesampleisallocatedacrossthepopulation

sothatitrepresentsalltheunitswithinthepopulation.

ItwasagreedjointlywithCEPTtocarryoutmeasurementofabout39samples.Thissample

sizewillprovidereliableestimatesata90percentconfidencelevel.Ideallyonewouldneed

to take about 137 samples for a 95 per cent confidence level. The shortage of time and

resourcesdictatedthata90percentconfidencelevelcouldbeconsideredadequate.


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17

The final task is todistribute thesampleacrosswardsand typeofconnectionsso thatall

wardsandalltypesofconnectionsarerepresented.Anestimatedwardwisedistributionof

populationandhouseholdsisgivenintable7.Thereare17,874watersupplyconnectionsof

inchandinchconnections.

Table15:

Ward

wise

details

of

households

and

connections

Wardno 2009projectedpopulation 2009 projected

households Connections

Zone

1 9,908 2,583 1,350

Zone12 9,309 2,428 1,269

3 9,323 2,431 1,271

4 9,643 2,514 1,314

5 10,192 2,658 1,390Zone2

6 9,340 2,435 1,273

7

8,533

2,225

1,163

Zone38 9,926 2,589 1,354

9 9,014 2,351 1,229

10 9,232 2,408 1,259

11 8,768 2,286 1,195

Zone212 10,001 2,608 1,365

13 9,219 2,403 1,256

14 8,454 2,205 1,153

Total 130,862 34,124 17841

Astheconnectionsareunmetered,consumptionwasmeasuredthroughindirectmeans:12

litrecapacitybucketswereusedtomeasuretheflowrate.Twotothreemeasurementswere

madeduringthesupplytimeateachlocationtoobtainanaverageflowrateandusingthe

totaltimeofsupplythetotalsupplytoeachconnectionwasderived.Hereanassumptionis

madethatallthewatersuppliedatthetapisconsumed.RefertoAnnexure5fordetails.

AsperthemeasurementsindicatedinAnnexure5,thetotalsupplyconsumedwasobserved

tobe9.26MLDasagainstasysteminputof17.17MLD.

Step5:AnalysisofDataandComputationofNRW

ThemeasurementofNRWwasdoneusingtheIWAwaterbalancechart,throughninetasksasdepictedinTable8.DetailsaregiveninAnnexes2to5.

Task1:SystemInputVolume:ThesysteminputvolumeforKalolis6,299ML/annumbased

on17257.05 m3/day(17.26MLD)supply.

Task 2: Billed Metered and Billed Unmetered Consumption: Kalol does not have any

metered consumption. The billed unmetered consumption is estimated to be 3,381

ML/annum.

Task 3: Calculate the Volume ofNonrevenuewater: The volume of nonrevenue water

worksoutto2,918ML/annum.


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18

Task 4: Calculate the Unbilled Authorised Consumption: The unbilled authorised

consumption is observed tobe 33 ML/annum considering authorised supply of 86,000

litres/dayforpublicutilities.

Table16:StandardIWAwaterbalance

System

input

volume6,299

(Task1)

Authorised

consumption

(54.2%)

3,414(Task5)

Billedauthorised

consumption

(53.7%)

3,381(Task2)

Billedmeteredconsumption

0.0Revenuewater

(53.7%)

3,381Billedunmeteredconsumption(53.7%)

3,381

Unbilled

authorised

consumption

(0.5%)

33(Task4)

Unbilledmeteredconsumption

0

Nonrevenue

water,NRW

(46.3%)

2,918(Task3)

Unbilledunmeteredconsumption

(0.5%)

33

Waterlosses

(45.8%)

2,885(Task6)

Apparent

losses

(16.8%)

1,058(Task7)

Unauthorisedconsumption(16.8%)

1,058

Consumermeteringinaccuracies

0

Reallosses(29%)

1,827(Task8)

Leakageonserviceconnectionsupto

pointofcustomermetering(15.6%)

980(Task9)

Leakageontransmissionmains(9.9%)

624(Task9)

Leakageandoverflowsatutilitys

storagetanks(3.5%)

223(Task

9)

Source:Basedonactualflowmeasurementusingportableultrasonicflowmeterandbucketsurveymethodattheconsumersend.Task5:CalculateAuthorisedConsumption:The totalauthorisedconsumption isobserved

tobe3,414ML/annum(BilledNonmetered+UnbilledAuthorised).

Task6:CalculateWaterLosses(NRW):

Waterloss=SysteminputAuthorisedconsumption

Accordingly,waterlossisobservedtobe2,885ML/annum.

Task7Calculate

Apparent

Losses:

As thescopeofstudydidnot involve the totalsurvey

andmapping of network and also the leakdetection programme, itwas not possible to

identifyandcalculate theapparentandreal losses.Butanestimateofapparent losseshas

beenmadefromthebucketsurveyandotherdetailsofwaterconnectionsinslumareasthat

arenotpaying the specialwater tax.Around 6,000 connections are estimated tobe 1,058

ML/annum(2.9MLD).

Task8:CalculateRealLosses:

Reallosses=WaterlossesApparentlosses

Accordingly,reallossesarecalculatedtobe1,827ML/annumwhichis29percentofsystem

inputvolume.


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Task9:KalolWaterBalanceCalculation:Basedonthisanalysis,NRWinKalolisobserved

tobe46percent.TheNRWfiguresforKalolcityareobservedtobehighandsimilartothe

figuresarrivedatbyvariousauthoritiesafterconductingwaterstudies invariouscitiesof

thecountryandasassociatedwith intermittentsupplysystemprevailing inmostpartsof

country. There is considerable scope for improvement in the efficiency of the delivery

system.


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20

5.SuggestionsforReducingNonrevenueWater

Based on the observationsmadeduring thebasicwater audit and its results, a few key

suggestions for improved measurement of NRW as well as for its reduction havebeen

identified.Thefirstsetofsuggestions includesthosethatcanbetaken immediatelyandat

relatively lower costsby the Kalol municipality. A second set of suggestions for moredetailed studies is also identified for further diagnostic to reduce NRW and improve

efficiencyinserviceprovision.

Urgent/immediatestepsforNRWmeasurementandreduction:

RepairESRsand leakingvalves,and reduceoverflowof tanks:From thestandardIWAwaterbalance (Table8), it isnoticed that3.5percentwater lossesareat the

WDS level.These aremainlydue to leakage invalves and storage tanks andalso

their overflow. Field studies and results showed that Kalyanpura, Divada, Sarda

Nagar, Sardarbag and Navjivan ESRs are leaking heavily and require immediate

repair.

Maintenanceofvalvesandfittingssuchastightening loosebolts,positioninggland

packing,replacingdamagedpartsofvalvesandfittings,etc,areneededtoreduceor

stopleakagefromvalvesandfittings.

Staffsawarenessisneededtoreduceoverflowofstoragetanks.

Identify and regularise illegal connections: Illegal withdrawal of water fromdistributionlinesisoneofthereasonsresultinginloworevennegativepressure.To

overcome this, Kalol municipality needs to undertake steps to detect and then

regularise illegal connections to reduce NRW. This will also avoid illegal use of

boosterpumps

and

result

in

improved

performance

of

the

water

distribution

network.

There is also a need to introduce a simpler and special procedure for giving

connectionstoslumhouseholds.Apropertytaxbillisrequiredasproofofresidence

whenapplyingforawaterconnection.Slumpropertiesareoftennotassessedandso

donothavepropertytaxbills.Therefore,slumhouseholdsarenoteligibletoapply

for water connections. There is a need to provide a property tax bill for slum

householdsandthuseasetheprocessofgivingconnectionstoslumhouseholds.

Establishwaterquantitydatarecordingandprocessingsystemtoregularlymonitorand

reduce

water

losses.

There

is

no

data

recording

system

at

present

which

results

innonavailability ofdata for records to assess theperformance atvarious levels.

Creating awareness and training the staff is needed for maintaining proper log

books. It is also necessary to set up a system to report the hours of pumping to

concernedofficersofthewatersupplydepartment.Thisinformationshouldthenbe

usedwiththecalibratedpumpdischargefromthebasicwateraudit,tocalculatethe

water quantity supplied from various sources and WDS. This will help improve

reliabilityofdataandmeasureNRWona regularbasis. Ideally, theULBneeds to

installbulk flowmetersandpressuregauges tomeasure flowandpressure in the

linesatallpumpdischargesandcriticalpointsinthenetwork.


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21

Furtherstudiestoimprovesystemperformance:

Carry out energyaudit: From field studies it is observed thatpumps are runninginefficiently.Toidentifyreplacementandrehabilitationofpumpingmachineries,itis

necessary to carry out energy audits and implement suggestions resulting from

them.Thiswillhelpreducebothenergyusageandthehighexpenditureonenergy.

Prepare system/network map and connections information: At present, Kalolmunicipalitydoesnothavepropermapsofthedistributionnetwork.Asurveyofthe

completedistributionsystemneedstobecarriedoutbytheULBtoprepareaseries

of systemmaps.Thisshouldalso includehousetohouse surveys toobtaindetails

about the actual connections, authorised and unauthorised, aswell as household

detailscateredtobytheseconnections.

HydraulicmodellingandcreationofDMAs:AsreportedinAnnexure6,thepressureatgroundlevelforeachmeasurementconnectioninvariousareaswasverylowwith

negative pressure at several places against the desired minimum 7 m to 12 m

pressure for satisfactory delivery. A hydraulic study of the present network is

requiredtocheckitsadequacy,toidentifywhetheranyreplacementsorupgradation

is required orwhethernew lines are required tobe laid to ensureproper service

deliveryincludingrequiredpressureateachnode.Thiswouldalsohelpinreducing,

toagreatextent,theproblemofinequitableflowdistributioninKalol.

Demarcationof supply zones and formationofDMAs shouldbe carriedoutwith

necessary isolationofeachzoneandmeteringof input toeachsupplyzone,DMA

andothercriticalnodes.Thiswouldhelpbringawarenessaboutthesupplytoeach

locality including leakages, if any, with followup corrective actionsby the ULB

including leakdetection. Inaddition,thesupplycanbestaggered toenablesupply

withadequatepressure.

Metering:Kalolmunicipalityalsoneedstoexplorethepossibilityofmeasuringflowandpressure in the linesatallpumpdischargeandcriticalpoints innetwork.For

this, theULB needs to adoptmetering of supply ofwater. Thiswill also require

creatingawarenessamongthepublicandcreatingpoliticalwillbyassuringeveryone

about the benefits of continuous supply as against intermittent supply system.

Proper steps taken by the ULB in this direction can lead to improved system

efficiencyandservicedelivery.

DevelopabankableprojecttoreduceNRW:GiventhehighNRW,thereisscopeforintroducingaperformancebasedmanagementcontractbythemunicipalcouncilto

reduce NRW levels over time. This will require an assessment of capacity and

interestofpotentialcontractorstoundertakesuchacontract.Todevelopthis,abetter

andmore reliable set of datawillbe needed asdiscussed earlier.Adetailed risk

assessmentanalysiswillalsobeneededtodevelopariskmanagementplanforsuch

acontract.


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22

Annexure1:DetailsofKalolMainWaterSupplyNetwork


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39

Annexure2:VolumetricMeasurement

PipelineWTPtoMainWaterWorks(Divada/Kalyanpura/MainWaterWorks)

Timeof

measurement:

2:40

to

3:00

pm

Sr

no

Location/de

scription

Time

duration

ofmeas.

(hr)

Areaof

sump

(m2)

Level

rise

(m)

UGSR

fill

volume

asper

level

rise(m3)

Booster

pump

status

Booster

pump

flow

cap

(m3/hr)

Booster

pump

correcti

on

volume

(m3)

Total

fill

volum

eof

UGSR

(m3)

1 Divada

UGSR0.333 216.05 0.01 2.16 on 145 48 50.49

2 Kalyanpura

UGSR0.333 183.28 0.01 1.83 on 213 71 72.83

3 Main W/W

UGSR0.333 256.04 0.35 89.61 off 0 0 89.61

TotalmeasuredvolumeatUGSR(m3) 212.94

PratappuraWTPvolumereadingattotaliser 226.00

%variation 5.78%

PipelineWTPtoMainWaterWorks(Vankarvas/Kalyanpura/MainWaterWorks)

Timeofmeasurement:10:30to10:50am

Sr

no

Location/De

scription

Time

duration

ofmeas.

(hr)

Areaof

sump

(m2)

Level

rise

(m)

UGSR

fill

volume

asper

level

rise(m3)

Booster

pump

status

Booster

pump

flow

cap

(m3/hr)

Booster

pump

correcti

on

volume

(m3)

Total

fill

volum

eof

UGSR

(m3)

1 Vankarvas 0.333 121.09 0.19 23.01 off 0 0 23.01

2 Kalyanpura

UGSR0.333 183.28 0.16 29.32 on 213 71 100.32

3 Main W/W

UGSR0.333 256.04 0.37 94.73 off 0 0 94.73



%variation 0.03%


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40

PipelineWTPtoCivilHospitalSump

Timeofmeasurement:7:00to7:30pm

Sr

no

Location/D

escription

Time

duration

ofmeas.

(hr)

Areaof

sump

(m2)

Level

rise

(m)

UGSR

fill

volume

asper

level

rise(m3)

Booster

pump

status

Booster

pump

flow

cap

(m3/hr)

Booster

pump

correcti

on

volume

(m3)

Total

fill

volum

eof

UGSR

(m3)

1 Civil

Hospital

Sump

0.500 1243.47 0.36 447.65 OFF 0 0 447.65



%variation 3.94%


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41

Annexure3:ESRInletFlowDetails

A. ESRInletFlow(UGSRboosterpumptoESR)Sr

no

Boosterpump/ESRlocation Pump

discharge

flow

(m3/hr)

Avg

working

hrs

Avgdaily

flow(m3)

Avgdaily

flow(MLD)

1 TP 46 140 7 980 0.98

2 Vankarvas 124 3 372 0.37

3 Kalyanpura 213 14 2,982 2.98

4 Divada 145 10.5 1,522.5 1.52

5 Main Water Works (2W Pumps)

(VolumetricEstimationofESRflow

as flow measurement on pump

dischargenotpossible)

110 9.5 1,045 1.05

6 MayurHousing(BoretoESR) 36 3 108 0.11

7 TownHall 101 6.75 681.75 0.68

8 SardaNagar 149 9.75 1,452.75 1.45

9 Sardarbag 177 7 1,239 1.24

10 Navjivan 203 3 609 0.61

11 Drainage 196 14 2,744 2.74

12 Tersaparu(BoretoESR) 14 3.5 49 0.05

Subtotal(A) 13.79

B. DirectGroundWaterFlowtoDistributionNetworkSr

no

Sourcelocation

Avg

inst

flow

(m3/hr)

Avg

workinghrs

Avgdaily

flow(m3)

Avgdaily

flow(MLD)



3 Navjivanbore 35 2.5 87.5 0.09

4 IFFCObore 62.5 3.5 218.75 0.22

5 BhavaniNagarbore 50 6.15 307.5 0.31


7 AyojanNagarbore 81 4 324 0.32

8

JyoteshNagar

53.8

3

161.4

0.16

9 MahendraMillboreline1 58 0.45 26.1 0.03


11 KumbharNiChali(WTP+ground

water by booster pump direct to

n/w)

68 3 204 0.20

Subtotal(B) 1.80

Grandtotal(A+B) 15.58


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Annexure4:ESROutletFlowDetails

A. ESROutletFlowtoDistributionNetworkSr

no

ESRlocation Totalflow

reading

(m3/hr)

Supplyhrs Avgdaily

quantity

(m3)

Avgdaily

quantity

(MLD)

1 TP 46 633 2 1,266 1.27

2 Vankarvas 274 2 548 0.55

3 Kalyanpura 531 4.5 2,389.5 2.39

4 Divada 559 2 1118 1.12

5 Main Water Works (2W Pumps)

(ESR inflow taken asESR outflow

asflowisnotmeasurable)

2 1,045 1.05

6 MayurHousing(boretoESR) 149 2 298 0.30

7 TownHall 475 2 950 0.95

8 SardaNagar 381 3 1,143 1.14

9 Sardarbag 534 2 1,068 1.07

10 Navjivan 279 2 558 0.56

11 Drainage(ESRinflowtakenasESR

outflowasflowisnotmeasurable)2,744 2.74

12 Tersaparu(boretoESR) 14 3.5 49 0.05

Subtotal(A) 13.18

B. DirectGroundWaterFlowtoDistributionNetworkSr

no


flow

(m3/hr)

Avg

workinghrs

Avgdaily

flow(m3)

Avgdaily

flow(MLD)



3 Navjivanbore 35 2.5 87.5 0.09

4 IFFCObore 62.5 3.5 218.75 0.22

5 BhavaniNagarbore 50 6.15 307.5 0.31


7

Ayojan

Nagar

bore

81

4

324

0.32

8 JyoteshNagar 53.8 3 161.4 0.16

9 MahendraMillboreline1 58 0.45 26.1 0.03


11 KumbharNiChali(WTP+ground

water by booster pump direct to

network

68 3 204 0.20

Subtotal(B) 1.80

Grandtotal(A+B) 14.97


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Annexure5:DetailsofBucketSurveyatConsumersEnd

A. Volumetric Bucket Method: inch and inch Connection SupplyMeasurement

Sr

no

Locationof

sample

measurement

Househol

d

members

Timeof

supplyas

perULB

(min/day)

Average

flow

measured

(LPM)

Measured

apptime

ofsupply

atlocation,

(min/suppl

y)

Measured

timeof

supplyat

location

(min/day)

Avg

pressure

fromGL

(m)

Avg

water

available,

(lit/day)

Avg.

LPCD

supply

Remarks

Zone1

1TP46 (Patel

Colony)4 45 4.97 56 56.00 0.35 278 69.52

2TP46

(Talavadi) 6

45

3.08

60

60.000.95

185

30.77

3Shakti Vijay

Society5 90 4.77 18 36 1.58 172 34.33

4 Tersaparu 6 45 24.83 25 25.00 4.50 621 103.45

5TP46 (St

Xaviers)4 45 20.77 39 39.00 0.35 810 202.54

6TP46 (Ayojan

pura)8 45 14.55 75 75.00 1.24 0 0.00

Motor

operated

Average(Zone1) 413 88

Zone2

1 Vaghrivas 4 90 10.54 20 40 2 421 105.37

2Railway East

Area 5 90 13.85 30 60 0.76 831 166.15

3 BhavaniNagar 15 90 14.03 25 50 1 701 46.76

4 Drainage 10 90 5.85 22 44.00 0.18 258 25.76

5

Swadesini

Chali 6 90 30 60 0 0 0.00

Hand

pump/moto

roperated

6Navjivan Mill

NiChali5 90 17.42 30 60 3 1045 209.05

7Vakharia Char

Rasta7 90 1.89 15 30 0.08 57 8.11

8 Fatepura 4 90 2.66 20 40 0.92 106 26.6

9 Pandyavas 5 90 30 60 0 0 0.00Hand

pump/moto

roperated

10 Motinagar 7 90 5.9 30 60 0 354 50.57

11 SardaNagar 4 90 13.27 38 76.00 2.2 1009 252.17

12

Nathji Ni

Wadi 3 90 0 0 0

Hand

pump/moto

roperated

13Juni Hadka

Mill6 45 6.52 15 30 0.04 195 32.58

14 IFFCONagar 4 210 6.46 210 210 0.5 1356 339.01

15MahendraMill

NiChali

7 90 7.38 20 40 0.73 295 42.17

16 Navjivan Mill 4 90 12 30 60 1.15 720 180


49/51

44

Sr

no

Locationof

sample

measurement

Househol

d

members

Timeof

supplyas

perULB

(min/day)

Average

flow

measured

(LPM)

Measured

apptime

ofsupply

atlocation,

(min/suppl

y)

Measured

timeof

supplyat

location

(min/day)

Avg

pressure

fromGL

(m)

Avg

water

available,

(lit/day)

Avg.

LPCD

supply

Remarks

NiChali


Zone3

1Somanath

Society3 45 6.64 20 20 0.70 133 44.24

2Gay No

Tekro4 90 17.7 30 60 2.41 1062 265.50

3Ambika

Nagar2 0

4 BarotVas 4 90 5.65 30 60 1.52 339 84.71

5Rajnagar

Society5 45 5.6 15 30 0.5 168 33.6

6

AmrutKunj

5 90 0 0 0

Hand

pump/moto

roperated

7Dwarkesh

Apartment90 90 13.84 20 40 2.7 1107 12.3

8Vardhaman

Nagar10 90 15.65 25 50 3.20 783 78.26

9 JainWadi 6 90 8.57 30 60 3.025 514 85.71

10

Taluka Vikas

Officer

Kacheri90 30 60 0 0

Commercial

hand

pump/moto

roperated

11Nano

Thakorvas8 90 3.99 30 60 0.95 239 29.93

12

Vallabhnagar

Society 4 90 20 40 0 0 0

Hand

pump/Moto

roperated

13

Jai Bhavani

Nagar 7 45 20 0 0.00

Hand

pump/moto

roperated


Zone

Noof

registered

connectionsAverage

supply

per

connection(litre)Average

supply

per

day(litre)Total

supply

(MLD)

1 5,204 413 2,149,445 2.15

2 7,632 565 4,314,416 4.31

3 5,005 543 2,718,364 2.72

Total 17,841 9,182,225 9.18


50/51

45

B. VolumetricBucketMethod:1inchConnectionSupplyMeasurementSrno Locationof

sample

measurement

Househol

d

members

Timeof

supplyas

perULB

(min/day)

Averageflow

measured

(LPM)

Measured

apptime

ofsupply

at

location

(min/sup

ply)

Measured

timeof

supplyat

location

(min/day)

Avg

pressure

fromGL

(m)

Avgwater

available

(lit/day)

Avg.

LPCD

Supply

1 Ganesh

Apartment

120 90 159 20 40 6.00 6360 106

2 ParkAvenue 90 90 53 20 40 0.50 2120 47

3 Jyoteshvar

Mahadev

5 90 9 20 40 2.54 360 72

4 KashibaNivas 4 90 15.31 30 60 3.05 918.6 229.65

219 2,439.65 114

Noof

registered

connections

Averagesupplyper

connection(litre)

Averagesupply

perday(litre)

Total

supply

(MLD)

33 2,440 80,508 0.08

C. SummaryStatementofTotalSupplytoKalolCityType

of

connection

No of

registered

connections

Total

supply

(lit/day)Total

supply

(MLD)

inchandinchconnection 17,841 9,182,225 9.18

1inchconnection 33 80,508 0.08

Totalbilledconsumption 17,874 9,262,733 9.26

Systeminput 17.26

Nonrevenuewater(NRW) MLD 7.99

NRW % 46.32%


51/51

ThePerformanceAssessmentSystem(PAS)Project

The PAS Project aims to develop appropriate methods and tools to measure, monitor and

improvedeliveryofwaterandsanitationincitiesandtownsinIndia.ThePASProjectincludes

three major components of performance measurement, performance monitoring and

performance improvement. It covers all the 400+ urban local governments in Gujarat and

Maharashtra.

CEPTUniversityhasreceivedagrantfromtheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationforthePAS

Project. It is being implemented by CEPT University with support of Urban Management

Centre

(UMC)

in

Gujarat

and

All

India

Institute

of

Local

SelfGovernment

(AIILSG)

in

Maharashtra.

PASProject

CEPTUniversity

Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus, University Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380 009 Gujarat,

India

Tel:

+91

79

26302470

Fax:917926302075

www.pas.org.in

Kalol Water Audit Report

Documents

Transcript of Kalol Water Audit Report