Kaist snail-20150122

Prof. Daeyoung Kim, Dr. Minkeun Ha

Auto-ID Labs, Department of Computer Science, KAIST

[email protected], [email protected]

Jan. 22, 2015

SNAIL Project SNAIL Project for IoT Connectivity

(Sensor Networks for an All-IP worLd)

http://oliot.org, http://autoidlab.kaist.ac.kr, http://resl.kaist.ac.kr http://autoidlabs.org http://gs1.org

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://oliot.org/

http://autoidlab.kaist.ac.kr/

http://resl.kaist.ac.kr/

http://autoidlabs.org/

http://gs1.org/

© Auto-ID Lab Korea / KAIST

Slide 2

PART I

Internet of Things Research Activities at

Auto-ID Labs, KAIST

PART II

SNAIL Project

PART I

Internet of Things Research Activities

at Auto-ID Labs, KAIST


Slide 4

History of the IoT

http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-history










Slide 5

Auto-ID Labs

Business Processes

and Applications

Software and Network

Hardware

http://autoidlabs.org

http://autoidlabs.org/


Slide 6

GS1 (Global Standard One) - strong research partnership with Auto-ID Labs

CTO, GS1 (2012 - )

Former CEO of

W3C,

WWW Foundation

SCM to Web and

Consumers

http://gs1.org

http://gs1.org/


Slide 7

How to build Internet of Things Platform? (Integration/Interoperability at its heart)


Slide 8

New Wireless Network for

Home

• IPv6/6LoWPAN based

• Secure wireless mesh network

for home and its products

• Support for many application

layers with low bandwidth

• New security architecture

• 250+ per network

• Runs on 802.15.4 silicon

• Designed for very low operation

• Reliable for critical

infrastructure

Overview Target

Application

System Messaging

Model

Thread Group

Cloud

Connectivity

• Control when not

at home

• Within the home,

device go direct

to gateway

Border

Router

• Forwards

data to cloud

• Provides Wifi

connectivity

in the home

Device

Communication

• Device to device

communication in the

home

7 companies founded the Thread

Group

• Not another standard body

• A market education group offering

• product certification

• Promoting Thread’s use in connected

products for the home

• Offer rigorous product certification to

ensure security and interoperability

• The Thread Group now open to any

company who wishes to join

Designed for al sorts of products in the

home

• Appliances

• Access control

• Climate control

• Energy management

• Lighting

• Safety

• Security

Classification

• Normally Powered

• Powered or battery

• Normally Battery

Internet of Things – Which is right direction? Google’s Thread Project


Slide 9

Internet of Things – Which is right direction? Apple’s HealthKit/HomeKit

HealthKit

The new Health app

puts data in one place,

accessible with a tap,

giving you a clear and

current overview of

your health.

(Heart rate, calories

burned, blood sugar,

cholesterol, etc)

• We can control

devices and

accessories in

our home easily

via

smartphone(in

this case,

iphone), iPad,

iWatch, and so

on.

• Smartphone is

connected with

all of

accessories in

home, and then

could control

them remotely.

HomeK

it


Slide 10

Internet of Things – Which is right direction? ARM’s mbed


Slide 11

11

• AllJoyn connects, manages, and interoperates smart things together

Internet of Things – Which is right direction? Qualcomm’s ALLSEEN / AllJoyn


Slide 12

Internet of Things – Which is right direction? Samsung/Intel Open Interconnect Consortium

The Open Interconnect Consortium (OIC) will seek to

define a common communication framework based on

industry standard technologies to wirelessly connect and

intelligently manage the flow of information among

devices, regardless of form factor, operating system or

service provider. OIC also intends to deliver open source

implementations for a variety of IoT market opportunities

and vertical segments from smart home solutions to

automotive and more.


Slide 13

Internet of Things – Which is right direction?

Bluetooth 4.2


Slide 14


OneM2M (Machine to Machine)

- Use cases and requirements for a common set of

Service Layer capabilities;

- Service Layer aspects with high level and detailed

service architecture, in light of an access

independent view of end-to-end services;

- Protocols/APIs/standard objects based on this

architecture (open interfaces & protocols);

- Security and privacy aspects (authentication,

encryption, integrity verification);

- Reachability and discovery of applications;

Interoperability, including test and conformance

specifications;

- Collection of data for charging records (to be used

for billing and statistical purposes);

- Identification and naming of devices and

applications;

Information models and data management

(including store and subscribe/notify functionality);

- Management aspects (including remote

management of entities); and

- Common use cases, terminal/module aspects,

including Service Layer interfaces/APIs between:

Application and Service Layers;

Service Layer and communication functions


Slide 15


GS1

In 1999, the Internet of

Things" was first coined by Kevin

Ashton who cofounded the Auto-

ID Center at the MIT


Slide 16


Industrial Internet Consortium

Accelerating Innovation In Connected,

Intelligent Machines And Processes

Imagine a highway where cars are able

to safely navigate to their destinations

without a driver. Imagine a home

where an elderly patient’s health is

closely monitored by her hospital

physician. Imagine a city that

significantly reduces waste through

sensor-embedded water pipes,

buildings, parking meters and more.


Slide 17

The Road to Internet of Things

Positioning Baseline Infrastructure


Slide 18

Hope that GS1 in Rome


Slide 19

GS1 Philosophy and Internet of Things

Humans and things


Slide 20

GS1 Member Organizations


Slide 21

GS1 - Essentials


Slide 22

Projects at Auto-ID Labs, KAIST

SeaHaven Project

GPGPU Cloud Project

Oliot Project

SNAIL Project


Slide 23


Slide 23

Open Language for IoT

(Oliot) is an ID-based IoT

framework.

–Based on GS1 standard ID

(e.g., URI-convertible GTIN)

Goal

– Is to build a ID-based

framework to identify,

capture, control and share

information about smart

things

Open Language for the Internet of Things since 2005

Passive Tags

(e.g., passive

tags, barcode)

Sensor & Actuator Networks(e.g., ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Mobile phone, BLE,

AllJoyn, lwM2M etc.)

Active Tags (e.g.,

Wireless ID and Sensor

Networks)

RFID Middleware

LLRP LLRP Sensor & actuator protocols Sensor & actuator protocols

Domain-specific capturing application

Domain-specific accessing applications

Sensor Interface

Sensor interface

EPC Information Service

(static and dynamic information)

ALE

Actuation Interface

Sensor & Actuator Middleware

Object

Name

Service

Discovery

Service

ZigBee6LoWPAN/

CoAPMQTT

Web

service-*REST

Other

Comm.

RFID stream processing

Logical RFID

reader

Reader

Management

Sensor stream

processing

Sensor & actuator

Management

ID-Sensor stream

processing


Slide 24

Testbed in building for Federated Object Naming Services

Korea

Japan China

Taiwan

Australia

USA

Brazil

France

German

Suncho

n

Univ.

GS1

Korea Samsun

g

KAIST

Local ONS Name Servers

onsepc.kr

Globally Federated ONS Peer Roots

UAE, Saudi

Arabia


Slide 25

IoT Connectivity –

SNAIL(Sensor Networks for All IP World) Project

Since 2007

Internet of Things

SNAIL Border Router (6LBR)

SNAIL Node (6LN)

SNAIL Node (6LN)

SNAIL Node (6LN)

SNAIL Node (6LN)

IEEE 802.15.4

Btle

IEEE 802.15.4

Btle

Entertainment & Social Net. ServiceDevice Browsing & Mashup

Big Data AnalysisUser Experience with IoT Service

• SNAIL (Sensor Networks for an All-IP worLd)

• an IP-based Wireless Sensor Networks platform

• Supported Protocols

• Interoperability between IPv4/v6 domains and the IEEE 802.15.4

• Lightweight IPv6, ICMPv6, MIPv6, NEMO, UDP, TCP, SSL

• Dual-Mode gateway for WiFi AP and IP-WSN edge router

• CoAP, HTML5, Web browsing (HTTP/TCP)

• Mesh routing in adaptation layer, Addressing

• DTLS/BLE ongoing


Slide 26

SeaHaven Project Since 2011


Slide 27

IoT Big Analytics Cloud Platform Since 2013

Infiniband

Switch

서버1: GPU 2대 탑재

서버2: GPU 2대 탑재

• OPENSTACK

• NVIDIA K20

• IoT Text/Image/Video Big Data

Analysis


Slide 28

Project 1. Smart Agriculture and Food Safety Systems Pilot Project (Plan)


Slide 29

Project 2. Healthcare Application - KAIST Dr. M Project

Health

Monitoring Medical Assistance

DrM Database

20132012

2011

Real-time Monitoring Data

Historical Data

DrM Database

Bio Optic Sensor

Bio Optic Sensor

Healthcare

Watch

Healthcare

Watch

EEG biotelemetry

Blood

Pressure

Blood

Pressure

stick-onHeart Rate Sensor

Virus Monitoring

Virus Monitoring

Foot SensorFoot Sensor

Smart SensorsSmart Sensors

ECG SensorECG Sensor

EEG biotelemetry


Machine LearningMachine LearningBig AnalyticsBig Analytics

Prediction

Disease knowledge

(1) 일반인/환자 헬스 모니터링/원격검진 (2) 병원/의사 의료 지원

[1]생체신호 센싱

[3] IoT 플랫폼 및 데이터 분석

[4] 질병분석 및

예측

[5] 의료 지식

발견

[2] 저전력 통신, IPv6 통신

[6] 비즈니스

모델


Slide 30

Project 3. Bridge Management

Object Naming Service (ONS)

EPC Information Service(EPCIS)

Filtering and Collection (F&C)

2002:8ff8:6a89::8ff8:6a89

2002:8ff8:6a6c::8ff8:6a6c

2002:8ff8:6a87::8ff8:6a87Data fusion

Pattern

recognition

Machine

learning

Embedded Sensor

Data

PART II

SNAIL Project


Slide 32

What is the Internet of Things?

– New generation of Internet System to make people’s life better and

convenient by providing knowledge extracted from our world.

– A dynamic global infrastructure that interconnects trillions of everyday

objects together to give things intelligence via communication and

computing capabilities.

Internet of Things

IDC “The Internet of things will change everything and be a new construct in the information and communications technology world.“

The Internet of things and the technology ecosystem surrounding it are expected to be a $8.9 trillion market in 2020, according to IDC.


Slide 33

Connect everyday objects to the Internet

– Integration between physical world and virtual IoT world.

Share data each other / Control everyday objects

Composite their own services to make new IoT services

– Break the service limitation of the ability of device itself.

Internet of Things

Everything in the World at your Fingertips

Internet

Internet of Things


SNAIL Node (6LN)

SNAIL Node (6LN)

SNAIL Node (6LN)

SNAIL Node (6LN)

IEEE 802.15.4

Btle

IEEE 802.15.4

Btle



New ICT

Services

Internet of Things


SNAIL Node (6LN)

SNAIL Node (6LN)

SNAIL Node (6LN)

SNAIL Node (6LN)

IEEE 802.15.4

Btle

IEEE 802.15.4

Btle




Slide 34

What technologies we need to realize the Internet of Things

World?

– Constrained Node Networks

– Sensor Technology

– Identification system

– Big Data Processing / Machine Learning

– High performance computing

– Etc……

Internet of Things

• Seamless Internet Connectivity

of Constrained node

• Mobile Communications

• Reliable Communications

• Lightweight interface

• Time series data with global time

• Easy & Cheap

• Etc.


Slide 35

IoT Service Example: Smart Healthcare Service

20132012

2011

Real-time Monitoring Data

Historical Data

Bio Optic Sensor

Bio Optic Sensor

Healthcare

Watch

Healthcare

Watch

EEG biotelemetry

Blood

Pressure

Blood

Pressure


Virus Monitoring

Virus Monitoring

Foot SensorFoot Sensor

Smart SensorsSmart Sensors

ECG SensorECG Sensor

EEG biotelemetry


Machine LearningMachine LearningBig AnalyticsBig Analytics

Prediction

Disease knowledge


Slide 36

A smart grid puts information and communication technology

into electricity generation, delivery, and consumption, making

systems cleaner, safer, and more reliable and efficient.

Power Line Communications (PLC)

– Communication signals travels on the same wires that carry electricity

Wireless Home Area Networks (ZigBee, 6LoWPAN)

– Low cost and low power consumption

– Self- organizing, secure, and reliable mesh network; Network can support a large

number of users

IoT Service Example:

Smart Grid – Smart Utility Networks (SUN)


Slide 37

Tiny and Small

– Need to be small to be embedded to any physical objects

Battery powered

– High portion of Things in IoT cannot connected to unlimited power source

due to mobility, infrastructure of power network, etc.

Small Resources

– General MCU spec. for things: RAM : 16 Kbytes Flash : 256 Kbytes

Low network bandwidth & data rate

– Packet Size

Ex) MTU of IEEE 802.15.4 : 127 bytes. (Payload : 102 bytes)

– Data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps for each of the currently

defined physical layers (2.4 GHz, 915 MHz, and 868 MHz, respectively)

Mobility

– Things in IoT dynamically change their location (But, Not All things)

Ex) Body sensors for IoT healthcare

IoT Connectivity Issue 1/2 :

Characteristics of Physical Things


Slide 38

Wireless Sensor Network

– Spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or

environmental conditions (temperature, sound, pressure, etc.)

– Cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location.

Traditional Wireless Sensor Networks

Internet

X


Slide 39

How to connect trillions of physical things to the Internet

IoT Connectivity Issue 2/2 :

Internet Protocol v4 vs. v6

But!! The last blocks of IPv4 Internet addresses have been allocated.

IPv4

– Address Size : 32 bits

– # of Addresses : 232

Source:

http://www.moxa.com/newsletter/connection/2009/06/IPv6-ready_Ethernet_Switches_for_Industrial_Networking.htm

IPv6 is often referred to as the

"next generation" Internet

standard and has been under

development now since the mid-

1990s.

– Address Size : 128 bits (written in

hexadecimal)

Ex) 3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf

– Larger Address Space : 2128

– Autoconfiguration

– Simpler Header Next header = 6 (TCP) TCP hdr + payload

Next header = 43 (routing) TCP hdr + payloadNext header = 6 (TCP)


Slide 40

IP-based Wireless Sensor Networks technologies can be a

promising solution for the everyday objects

– Open, long-lived, reliable standards

– Global accessibility & seamless connectivity via the Internet

– Transparent Internet integration and Global scalability

– Large Address Space are required to address trillions of things

– Lightweight Internet Connection

Internet Connection of IoT Devices


Slide 41

IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN)

– A set of Internet standards defined by IETF, which is a promising network technology

for THINGs in the IoT

– Enables IP communications over resource-limited and low-power wireless networks

(IEEE 802.15.4, Bluetooth Low Energy, etc.)

Network Technology for THINGs

6LoWPAN

6LoWPAN

WiFi

Internet

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC

Adaptation Layer

lwIPv6 lwICMPv6

lwTCP lwUDP

Application

IEEE 802.15.3/11/15 PHY/MAC

Adaptation Layer

Adaptation Layer

Network

Transport

Application


Slide 42

Standards for IPv6-based IoT Connectivity

Application Layer

PHY/LNK

MAC/PHY IEEE

/ Bluetooth

SIG

Adaptation

Adaptation Layer

IEEE 802.15.4Bluetooth

Low Energy

Power Line

Comm.

Header

Compression

Neighbor

DiscoveryTransmission

Routing Auto-conf. ...

IETF

6lo /

6TISCH WG

NET Network Layer(IPv6) RPL

IETF 6MAN

WG /

ROLL WG

TRN

Transport Layer

IETF

APP

DTLS

TCP UDP

CoAP IETF CoRE

/ DICE WG


Slide 43

IEEE 802.15.4

– PHYsical Layer (PHY): Radio

portion, transmitter and receiver

– Media Access Control (MAC)

Layer: Radio controller, data to

next device

IEEE 802.15.4 Overview

Thousands of sensors in a small space Wireless

but wireless implies Low Power!

and low power implies Low Duty Cycles

Low Rate » WPAN Technology!

By means of

IEEE 802.15.4

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

Upper Layers

IEEE 802.2 LLC Other LLC

IEEE 802.15.4

2400 MHz

PHY

IEEE 802.15.4

868/915 MHz

PHY


Slide 44

Star or Peer-to-Peer operation.

Support for low latency devices.

CSMA-CA channel access.

Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability.

Low power consumption.

Frequency Bands of Operation, either:

– 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band: 250 kb/s

– 10 channels in the 915MHz ISM band: 40 kb/s

– 1 channel in the European 868MHz band: 20 kb/s

Dynamic Addressing

– All devices have 64 bit IEEE addresses

– Short addresses can be allocated

IEEE 802.15.4 Overview - General Characteristics


Slide 45

Low-Power Operation

– Duty-cycle control using superframe structure

Beacon order and superframe order

Coordinator battery life extension

– Indirect data transmission

IEEE 802.15.4a - Superframe Structure & MAC Data Service

Network

beacon

Transmitted by PAN coordinator. Contains network information,

frame structure and notification of pending node messages.

Contention

period Access by any node using CSMA-CA

Guaranteed

Time Slot Reserved for nodes requiring guaranteed bandwidth [n = 0].

15ms * 2n

where 0 n 14

GTS 2 GTS 1

Contention Access

PeriodContention Free Period

Originator

MAC

MCPS-DATA.request

Data frame

MCPS-DATA.confirm

MCPS-DATA.indication

Acknowledgement(if requested)

Channel

access

Orig

inato

r Re

cip

ien

t

Recipient

MAC


Slide 46

IEEE 802.15.4e (TSCH: Time-Slotted (Synchronized) Channel Hopping)

– Time Slotted

Synchronized Time slots to a given slotframe

– Channel Hopping

Mitigate Channel Impairments

– Frequency diversity to mitigate the effects of interference and multipath fading

Increase Network Capacity

– One timeslot can be used by multiple links at the same time

IEEE 802.15.4e

slotframe t

0 1 2 … 0 1 2 … 99 99

cycle k cycle (k + 1)

A single slot is long enough for the transmitter

to send a maximum length packet and for the

receiver to send back an ACK


Slide 47

A low-complexity, low-cost, low- power wireless communication

for use in SUN applications

– It addresses principally outdoor Low Data Rate Wireless Smart Metering

Utility Network requirements.

– Over-the-air data rate of at least 40 kb/s but not more than 1000 kb/s

dependent from the radio frequency and coding of each PHY.

– PHY frame sizes can now be up to 2047 bytes and 32 bits CRC.

– IEEE 802.15.4g PHY is operated by IEEE 802.15.4/4e MAC.

– General MAC frame format

IEEE 802.15.4g

General MAC frame format of IEEE 802.15.4g


Slide 48

Traditional Bluetooth is connection-oriented. When a device is

connected, a link is maintained, even if there is no data flowing.

Bluetooth low energy is a NEW, open, short range radio

technology

– Compared to classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is intended to

provide considerably reduced power consumption and cost.

– Optimized for ultra low power

Enable coin cell battery use cases

– < 20mA peak current

– < 5 uA average current

– It is designed for sending small chunks of data

– It’s good at small, discrete data transfers.

– Data can triggered by local events.

Bluetooth alliance:

Bluetooth Low Energe

Controller

Link Layer (LL)

RF (PHY)

Host

Generic Access Profile(GAP)

AttributeProtocol (ATT)

Security Manager(SM)

Logical Link Control andAdaptation Protocol (L2CAP)

Generic AttributeProfile (GATT)

Host-Controller Interface (HCI)


Slide 49

Standards for IPv6-based IoT Connectivity

Application Layer

PHY/LNK

MAC/PHY IEEE

/ Bluetooth

SIG

Adaptation

Adaptation Layer

IEEE 802.15.4Bluetooth

Low Energy

Power Line

Comm.

Header

Compression

Neighbor

DiscoveryTransmission

Routing Auto-conf. ...

IETF

6lo /

6TISCH WG

NET Network Layer(IPv6) RPL

IETF 6MAN

WG /

ROLL WG

TRN

Transport Layer

IETF

APP

DTLS

TCP UDP

CoAP IETF CoRE

/ DICE WG


Slide 50

IETF 6LoWPAN WG

– Formed to adapt IPv6 technology over IEEE802.15.4 networks

IETF 6lo Working Group

This working group has completed.

IETF 6Lo WG

– A successor to 6LoWPAN WG

– Formed to facilitate IPv6 connectivity over

constrained node networks

IEEE 802.15.4, Bluetooth Low Energy, DECT Ultra

Low Energy, Powerline Communication Networks,

Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.

– Work closely with the IETF 6man working

group

IETF 6man WG

– responsible for the maintenance and

advancement of the IPv6 protocol

specifications and addressing architecture.

– Design authority for extensions and

modifications to the IPv6 protocol.


Slide 51

IP Adaptation of 6LoWPAN

Header Compression

Neighbor discovery

Stateless address auto-configuration

Bluetooth device Address (48 bits)

Uniqueness of the BLE public Address

Router

Device

1. NS message with ARO

ICMP Type = 135 Src = slave Dst = solicited-node unicast of B Data = link-layer address of slave Query = what is your link address?

3. Neighbor Advertisement

ICMP Type = 136 Src = master Dst = slave Data = link-layer address of master

2. Store slave link-layer address

exchange packets on this link

1. RS message

ICMP Type = 133 Src = :: Dst = link-local unicast (master)

2. Router Advertisement

ICMP Type = 134 Src = master link-local address Dst = all-nodes unicast address Data = options, prefix, lifetime, autoconfig flag

Fragmentation & Reassembly

1 1 0 0 0

1 1 1 0 0

Size(11) Tag(16)

Size(11) Tag(16)

Offset(8)

Dispatch for first fragment header

Dispatch for next fragment header

First fragmentation header

Offset*8 is the length of sent packet

All length of Dsp + HC1 + HC2 +uncompressed part

Fragmentation identifier

Next fragmentation header

IPv6 packet MTU 1,280 bytes

IEEE 802.15.4 MTU 127 bytes

BLE L2CAP MTU 23 bytes

Fragmentation & Reassembly procedure is required.


Slide 52

Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks (RPL)

– A IETF standard for routing in Low power and Lossy Networks(LLNs)

– RPL supports three basic traffic flows :

Multipoint-to Point (MP2P) : Collection traffic

Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) : Configuration traffic

Point-to-Point (P2P) : combined method of MP2P and P2MP

– DODAG(Direction-Oriented Directed

Acyclic Graph)-based Topology

– Different Objective Function for special requirements

Application areas for LLNs

– Industrial monitoring, building automation,

connected homes, healthcare, environmental

monitoring, urban sensor networks, asset tracking.

IETF ROLL Working Group

1

1211

23 24

13

21 22

3534333231

4241 4443 45 46

LBR


Slide 53

CoAP is a RESTful application protocol for use with low-power

and lossy networks

IETF CoRE Working Group

Image Source: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/6LoWPAN

– Asynchronous Request /

Response interaction

method between application

endpoints

– Small message overhead

– Includes key concepts of

the Web such as URIs and

Internet media types

– Easily interface with a

generic Web protocol (e.g.

HTTP) for interaction with

the Web


Slide 54

DTLS In Constrained Environments

(DICE WG)

Specifications for the use of DTLS

Transport-Layer Security in

constrained devices (e.g. memory,

algorithm choices) and constrained

networks (e.g. PDU sizes, packet loss).

– Fine-grained Support of Security Services for

Constrained Devices using DTLS

– A TLS/DTLS 1.2 Profile for the Internet of

Things

– DTLS Relay for Constrained Environments

DICE WG


Slide 55

Bluetooth 4.2 involves IPv6 transmission over Bluetooth low

energy

IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy (6BLE)

Standardization

– IETF 6lo WG: draft-ietf-6lowpan-btle-12

Transmission of IPv6 Packets over BLUETOOTH Low

Energy. Apply 6LoWPAN to BLE.

https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-6lowpan-btle-12

– Bluetooth SIG: Bluetooth core specification v4.2

Enables the IoT with support for flexible internet

connectivity options (IPv6/6LoWPAN or Bluetooth

Smart Gateways)

https://www.bluetooth.org/en-us/specification/adopted-

specifications

– Bluetooth SIG: Internet Protocol Support Profile

(CSS: Core Specification Supplement)

The Internet Protocol Support Profile (IPSP) allows

devices to discover and communicate to other

devices that support IPSP.

The communication between the devices that support

IPSP is done using IPv6 packets over the Bluetooth Low

Energy transport.


Slide 56

Basic of Operations

– 6BLE shares same Link Layer state machine, initialization message

sequence, sending data of BLE. (Dark gray parts)

– However, 6BLE operates by using IPSP with 6LoWPAN’s IP adaptation

layer and upper IP based layers. (Light gray parts)

IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy (6BLE)

BootstrappingAdvertising

ScanningEstablish (Connection)

6LoWPAN IP Adaptation Layer

Network Layer

Controller

Link Layer (LL)

Physical Layer (PHY)

Host

GAP

ATTSM

L2CAP

GATT

Transport LayerIPSS

Host-Controller Interface (HCI)

Paring

Profile Manage

Fragmentation & Reassambly

Autoconfiguration Header Compression

Neighbor Discovery

Server

IP Support Profile

lwIPv6 lwICMPv6 lwMIPv6 lwNEMOIP Support Service

lwTCP lwUDPBLE GATT profiles

BLE Services

Authentication


Slide 57

Google Thread – New wireless Network for home

– IPv6/6LoWPAN based

– Secure wireless mesh network for home and its products

– Support for many application layers with low bandwidth

– New security architecture

– 250+ per network

– Runs on 802.15.4 silicon

– Designed for very low operation

– Reliable for critical infrastructure

Thread Group – 7 companies founded group

– Not another standard body

– A market education group offering

– product certification

– Promoting Thread’s use in connected products for the home

– Offer rigorous product certification to ensure security and interoperability

– The Thread Group now open to any company who wishes to join

Google Thread


Slide 58

ARM mbed IoT Device Platform

– to create commercial and interoperable connected IoT devices based on

ARM microcontrollers

– mbed provides open standards based on a common platform and an

ecosystem for IoT development and connectivity

Provides common OS (mbedOS)

Future proof designs

Updatable and secure devices

Power management

Cloud based development tool suite

ARM – Internet of Things

Related ARM Products - The ARM Cortex A9

- The ARM Mali series

- The ARM Cortec-M3

- …


Slide 59

SNAIL (Sensor Networks for an All-IP worLd)

– The lightweight IPv6 Networking Platform for the Internet of Things

Provide global IPv6 connectivity to small and low-power embedded devices

Fully compatible with IETF standards

Special Features – Mobility, HTTP, Time Sync., Security, GW platforms for easy construction, etc.

History of SNAIL

About SNAIL Project

2007

SNAIL Team

Establishment

SNAIL v0.5 (IPv6 over IEEE

802.15.4)

2008

SNAIL v1.0

(L3 Mobility, Time

Sync, HTTP, SSL)

2010

SNAIL

1.0

SNAIL v1.0

(L3 Mobility, Time

Sync, HTTP, SSL)

SNAIL v1.5

(New GW platforms,

Mobility

enhancement, PaaS

Cloud, RPL, CoAP)

2011

SNAIL v2.0

(6Lo over ble,

Android GW,

latest 6lo

standards,

etc.)

2014

SNAIL

2.0

SNAIL v2.0

(6Lo over ble,

Android GW,

latest 6lo

standards,

etc.)

"SNAIL: An IP-based Wireless Sensor Network Approach Toward the

Internet of Things," IEEE Wireless Communications, 17(6):34-42, Dec.

2010.

New SNAIL 2.0 Paper is in preparation


Slide 60

Supported Protocols

– Interoperability between IPv4/v6 domains and the IEEE 802.15.4

– Lightweight IPv6, ICMPv6, MIPv6, NEMO, UDP, TCP, SSL

– Dual-Mode gateway and SNAIL Adaptor

– HTML5, Web browsing (HTTP/TCP)

– Mesh routing in adaptation layer, RPL, Hierarchical Addressing

– Fast and Seamless Mobility management, Global Time Synchronization, Security

– Web Browsing architecture, Pretty Cloud Service

SNAIL (Sensor Network for an All-IP worLd)


Slide 61

Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks

– Destination-Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) based topology

A directed acyclic graph with exactly one root

Multiple successors when available (vs. Tree)

– Construct and maintain a DODAG supporting MP2P flows

– implementation specific metrics and objective functions to find the least cost

paths

– Use MP2P + P2MP as basic P2P support

– Trickle Timer

Controls frequency of the DIO messages depends

on the stability of the network

Treats building of graphs as a consistency problem

Decides when to multicast DIO messages.

– DODAG Root maintains a DODAG graph.

In storing mode, some storing-mode nodes also

maintains their descendant graph

In non-storing mode, only DODAG root.

RPL: Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks

A B C

EDF

G H I

1

3

2

11

LBR-1

11

1

4

1

1

1 11

1


Slide 62

Our Approach

– Routing protocol for reducing detour overheads and route management

overheads at the same time

Performance Evaluation

ISTRP : IP-based Shortcut Tree Routing Protocol


Slide 63

We are living in very dynamic and mobile world.

– People want to get seamlessly available IoT services while moving.

Fast and seamless mobility management

Mobility Management


Slide 64

Essential Components for Mobility Management

– Movement Detection

to recognize movement of the mobile node (MN) and to trigger their handoff

– Handoff Management

to maintain ongoing connections of MNs during handoffs

– Location Management

to keep track of location information of the MNs

Mobility Management

A truly fast and seamless mobility management can only be realized by considering all of them

Mobility Management

Handoff ManagementMovement Dectection Location Management


Slide 65

MARIO includes movement detection, handoff management, and

location management schemes.

Mobility Management Protocol

Data Req.Poll Req.

ACK

MACNET

Poll confirm

Data Req.Poll Req.

POLL

Interval

Retransmissions {Poll fail

# of Poll Req.

Fail : 1


# of Poll Req.

Fail : 2


# of Poll Req.

Fail : 3

Data Req.

Data Req.

Movement Detection Total 12 data requests

are transmitted to

detect MN＇s movement

MN MR

Time t0

Time t1

Time t2

Timeline

Poll Req.

Poll Req.

MAC

MN

MR1

MR2

MR3

MR4

Movement Detection MN

Candidate MRs={MR1, MR2, MR3, MR4}

RSSI from MNMR2 > MR3 > MR1 > MR4

Strong < - > Weak

① Send Orphan notification

② Each MR

calculates τslot

MacResponseWaitTime

τslot

Nslot

MR1MR2 MR3 MR4

0

Calculated Time to send realignment command

Signal Strength

③ Each MR sends realignment command

in its own τslot

④ The MN performs handoff to the MR which sent realignment command first.

MRA MRB MRC

MRD

MRE

MN MN MN MN

Initial K=0 MPFS successK=1

MPFS successK=2

MPFS successK=4

AMR IMR1 IMR2

IMR3

IMR4

Trajectory of MN

Forwarding Pointer

Reachability Test

LUReq

Success

Fail

DistanceMRA<->MRB=1MRB<->MRC=1MRC<->MRD=1MRD<->MRE=1MRC<->MRE=2

Movement Detection Handoff Management Location Management

Experiment Environment Average RTT & PDR

Baseline: 909.495 ms, 83.3% (853/1024)

MARIO: 745.427 ms, 92.08% (943/1024)


Slide 66

Need to be Scalable

MLEq: Multi-GW Load Balancing Scheme for Equilibrium

But, Gateway Bottlenect

Only

One Gateway?

Multiple GW.

But, only use

one GW?


Slide 67

MLEq virtually model 3D-terrain with reflecting traffic load, hop distance from Gateway,

link quality, and capacity.

– All the node (gateways and routers) dynamically and distributedly update their virtual height level (VL).

Multi-GW based Load Balancing Scheme

Internet

GW

Gateway bottleneckInternet

GW2

GW1

GW3

Single Gateway Network Multi-Gateway Network w/o load balancing

Imbalanced Data Traffic without load balancing Internet

GW2

GW1

GW3

Multi-Gateway Network w/ load balancing

Fairly distributed traffic load

High portion of traffic is focused on a few Gateways

InternetInternet

4

2

2

1

2

111

3

2

2 2

3 3

2

3

2

3

0

GW1

GW20

6

4

2

1

2

331

3

2

4 4

3 5

2

5

4

3

0

Routers

(6LRs)

Intersection

NodeIntersection

area

GW1 GW22

Higher Traffic load

Previous

Intersection areaGW1's Service domain GW2's Service domain GW1's Service domain GW2's Service domain

Number: VL

Lower Traffic load Balanced Traffic load

Gateways4

GW

MR

Level: 0

Level: 1

Level: 2

2

2

3

2

0

5

6

6 5

5

4

3

1

0

3


Slide 68

Performance Evaluation (compared with RPL) – ns-2 Simulation

Multi-GW based Load Balancing Scheme

About 48% reduction

Control Overhead Throughput

Load Fairness

Linear Increment with # of GWs


Slide 69

The Internet of Things reflects physical world

Physical world is dynamic world

Global Time Synchronization


Slide 70

6LNTP: 6LoWPAN Network Time Protocol

– A Global Time Synchronization protocol for 6LoWPAN

– Server-Client Time Sync Model

– Multi-hop time synchronization

– Root delay is accumulated and forwarded by intermediate nodes

Global Time Synchronization

Internet of Things

ReferenceTime

The average synchronization error

1-hop: 542.875 μs

2-hop: 593.636 μs

3-hop: 788.246 μs


Slide 71

Restful application protocol for

constrained devices and networks

Specialized for M2M applications

2 layers approach: CoAP requests

and responses are carried on top

of CoAP messages

– 4 types of message: Confirmable,

Non-confirmable, Acknowledgement

and Reset

– 4 types of request: GET, PUT, POST,

DELETE

– 3 classes of response status code: 2xx,

4xx, 5xx

Asynchronous message delivery

over UDP

CoAP: Constrained Application Protocol


Slide 72

Browsing Architecture with HTML5

– Presentation server Manages Rich Interface comprised of HTML, CSS, and muilti-

media files

– JavaScript posts a message to obtain sensor data

– HTML5 CDM solves the “Same origin policy”

allows application code from presentation server to request data to sensor node, which is in different

domain.

– Web server and CoAP server embedded in a sensor node (a thing in IoT)

Web Browsing Architecture with HTML5


Slide 73

Security

IoT(Internet Of Things)

Every Things are connected

Every information can be stolen???

CoAP over DTLS

– Datagram Transport Layer Security

TLS is a Security Protocol for byte-stream

oriented protocol

TLS cannot be used directly in datagram

environments

– To make only the minimal changes to

TLS required to fix this problem

Attacker

Message

Forgery

Tampering

Eavesdropping

Transport Layer (UDP)

DTLS Record Protocol

DTLS Handshake Protocol

DTLS Alert Protocol

ChangeCipherSpec Protocol

CoAP

DTLS


Slide 74

SNAIL Platform over Bluetooth LE

– Devices such as mobile phones, notebooks, tablets and other handheld

computing devices which will include Bluetooth LE.

– An example of a use case for a Bluetooth LE accessory is a heart rate

monitor that sends data via the mobile phone to a server on the Internet.

SNAIL over Bluetooth LE

Internet

BLE Service App

Traditional Bluetooth Low Energy IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy

End-to-End

Communication

Cloud Computing


Slide 75

How to achieve easy-construction & cheap-deployment

– Reconstruction of 6LoWPAN hotspots is very expensive.

Easy-Construction & Cheap- Deployment

Thanks to well-constructed WiFi hotspots

• In newly developing cities

• Deploy speicial devices which support both WiFi and 6LoWPAN

• In developed citie

• Reuse WiFi hotpots

Benefit from not requiring reconstruction of existing infrastructure and from ubiquity of WiFi APs, enabling low-cost and rapid deployment

Source: WiFi Deployments Expected To Rise 350% By 2015, Says Report

Available: http://hothardware.com/News/WiFi-Deployments-Expected-To-Rise-350-By-2015-Says-Report/

http://hothardware.com/News/WiFi-Deployments-Expected-To-Rise-350-By-2015-Says-Report/





















Slide 76

SNAIL Gateway platforms

– Dual-mode Wireless AP: provides both WiFi AP and 6LoWPAN GW capabilities.

an efficient solution in newly developing cities and buildings since it cost-effectively

provides both WiFi AP and 6LoWPAN GW in one device.

– SNAIL adaptor: can easily establish a LoWPAN by simply plugging to the existing

general WiFi APs.

SNAIL Gateway Platforms

SNAIL-StackInternet-Stack

Ethernet

TCP

Linux

lwTCP lwUDP

Dual-mode SNAIL GW

OpenWRT

WLAN TUN/TAP

IP

UDP

uIP

Adaptation

USB-Serial

SNAIL GW

softwareFirewallNAS

UPnP

DLNA . . .LuCI

SNAIL PAN

Coordinator

lwTCP lwUDP

uIP

Adaptation

USB-Serial

OSAL

USB

-Seria

l

SNAIL-StackInternet-Stack

Ethernet

TCP

Linux

lwTCP lwUDP

SNAIL Adaptor

TUN/TAP

IP

UDP

uIP

Adaptation

USB-Serial

SNAIL GW

softwareSNAIL PAN

Coordinator

lwTCP lwUDP

uIP

Adaptation

USB-Serial

OSAL

USB

-Seria

l

General

WiFi AP Eth

ernet


Slide 77

Smart devices and consumer electronics are equipped with web/CoAP servers that

can response directly to requests from the Internet

Presentation Cloud provides rich web contents to support those embedded web servers

Sensing data and Actuation commands/results are retrieved directly from web browser

and display on top of rich web interface, either in numbers or in graphs

Web-based Visualization

Internet

Presentation Cloud which

stores rich web interface

Consumer Electronics Smart Metering Devices

Pricing

information

Rich Web interface for user-

friendly VisualizationDevice

Control

Power

Consumption

information

Web-based Interface


Slide 78

Demo Video: SNAIL Healthcare System


Slide 79

SNAIL Node H/W Platform


Slide 80

Dual-mode Gateway H/W Platform

A New Type of SNAIL Gateway

which supports dual wireless

access points for WiFi and

6LoWPAN

– Support both IEEE 802.11 b/g/n based

WiFi AP and IP-WSN gateway

– Implemented on the OpenWRT which

is a GNU/Linux based firmware

program for embedded devices


Slide 81

SNAIL Adaptor H/W Platform

A New Type of IP-WSN Gateway

which supports easy setup and

easy deployment of SNAIL

networks in home / office

– SNAIL adaptor is connected to the Internet

through a common access points or routers.

– No modification & no custom firmware are

required

– Implemented on the Raspberry Pi


Slide 82

SNAIL S/W Stack

CO2 Sensor

Humidity &

Temperture

Sensor

Temperture

Sensor

3-axis

accelerometer

(upgradable)

2-axis Analog Giro

MCU

MSP430F5438

RF transceiver

CC2520

RelayRS232

USB-to-Serial

JTAG

SNAIL GW

(Buffalo WZR-HP-G300NH)

PAN

Coordinator

PAN Coordinator

SNAIL GW

(Raspberry Pi model B)

TC

P/I

P

NE

T

La

yer

SN

AIL

Ne

t L

ay

er

SN

AIL

Ne

t S

erv

ices

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC

Link Status Manager

Mobility Management

lwIPv6

Movement Detection

Handoff Management

Location Management

Load Balancing

Pkt ForwarderOne-hop

Neighbor

Table

Virtual Level

Manager

Tim

e S

ync.

Neighbor DiscoverylwICMPv6 lwNEMOlwMIPv6Route-over Routing

(RPL)

TR

N

La

yer

lwTCP lwUDP

Applications

AP

P

Layer lw Web Server (HTTP) CoAP Server

lwSSLDefault Page

TC

P/I

P

SN

AIL

Net

Layer

SN

AIL

Net

Ser

vic

es

Link Status Manager

Mobility Management

Movement Detection

Handoff Management

Location Management

Load Balancing

Pkt Forwarder

Virtual Level

Manager

Tim

e S

yn

c.

Applications

AP

P

Layer Web Server (HTTP) HTML5 WebSocket Proxy

-WSCoAP DaemonSSL

TC

P/I

PT

UN

/TA

P

6in

46

to4

NE

T

Layer

IPv6 Neighbor DiscoveryICMPv6 NEMOMIPv6Route-over Routing

(RPL)

TR

N

Layer

TCP UDP

Ethernet/WiFi

SNAIL Conf. Interface

IP A

dap

tati

on

Autoconfiguration

Bootstrapping

Header Compression

Fragmenation/Reassembly

Node Registration

Mesh-under Routing

IP A

da

pta

tio

n

Autoconfiguration

Bootstrapping

Header Compression

Fragmenation/Reassembly

Node Registration

Mesh-under Routing

Bluetooth Low Energy IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC Bluetooth Low Energy

DTLS


Slide 83

THREAD

– Construct wireless mesh network

for home and its connected

products with IPv6 Interoperability

– Cloud Connectivity

– Border Router (WiFi AP)

– Device Communication

New features to be

implemented

– Leader Role

– Multiple Border Routers

SNAIL 3.0 – THREAD in SNAIL

SNAIL SN

SNAIL GW


Slide 84

SNAIL 3.0 - lwM2M in SNAIL

M2M Device Management

Focused on constrained cellular and other WSN devices

or

Servers SNAIL GW

SNAIL SN

IP Devices


Slide 85

Q / A


Slide 86

T. Kim, S. Kim, J. Yang, S. Yoo, and D. Kim, "Neighbor Table based Shortcut Tree Routing in ZigBee

Wireless Networks," IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 25. no 3, Mar. 2014.

S. Hong, D. Kim, M. Ha, S. Bae, S. Park, W. Jung, and J. Kim, "SNAIL: An IP-based Wireless Sensor

Network Approach Toward the Internet of Things," IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 17, no. 6, pp.

34-42, Dec. 2010.

D. Kim, S. Kim, and M. Ha, "Integrating EPC and IPv6 wireless standards will enable the Internet of

Things," RFID Journal, Dec. 2012.

M. Ha, K. Kwon, D. Kim, and P. Kong, "Dynamic and Distributed Load Balancing Scheme in Multi-

Gateway based 6LoWPAN," IEEE iThings 2014, Taipei, Taiwan, Sep. 2014.

N. Giang, M. Ha, and D. Kim, "Cross Domain Communication in the Web of Things, A New Context

for the old problem," WWW 2014, Demo Session, Seoul, S. Korea, Apr. 2014.

N. Giang, M. Ha, and D. Kim, "SCoAP: An Integration of CoAP Protocol With Web-based

Application," IEEE GLOBECOM 2013, Atlanta, USA, Dec. 2013.

K. Kwon, M. Ha, S. Kim, and D. Kim, "TAMR: Traffic-Aware Multipath Routing for Fault Tolerance

in 6LoWPAN," IEEE GLOBECOM 2013, Atlanta, USA, Dec. 2013.

N. Giang, M. Ha, and D. Kim, "Web-enabled Smart Tags for Physical Things," Internet of Things 2012,

Demo Session, Wuxi, China, Oct. 2012.

K. Kwon, M. Ha, T. Kim, S. Kim, and D. Kim, "The Stateless Point to Point Routing Protocol based on

Shortcut Tree Routing Algorithm for IP-WSN," Internet of Things 2012, Wuxi, China, Oct. 2012.

Publications : SNAIL technologies (1/2)


Slide 87

S. Jeong, S. Kim, M. Ha, T. Kim, J. Yang, N. Giang, and D. Kim, "Enabling Transparent

Communication with Global ID for the Internet of Things," esIoT-2012, Palermo, Italy, Jul. 2012.

H. Kim, S. Kim, M. Ha, T. Kim, and D. Kim, "IPR: Incremental Path Reduction Algorithm for Tree-

based Routing in Low-Rate Wireless Mesh Networks," IEEE WCNC 2012, Paris, France, Apr. 2012.

S. Kim, M. Ha, and D. Kim, "A Location Update Scheme using Multi-hop Pointer Forwarding in

Low-rate Wireless Mesh Networks," IEEE WCNC 2012, Paris, France, Apr. 2012.

M. Ha, S. Kim, H. Kim, K. Kwon, N. Giang, and D. Kim, "SNAIL Gateway: Dual-mode Wireless

Access Points for WiFi and IP-based Wireless Sensor Networks in the Internet of Things," IEEE

CCNC 2012, Las Vegas, USA, Jan. 2012.

S. Bae, D. Kim, M. Ha, and S. Kim, "Browsing Architecture with Presentation metadata for the

Internet of Things," IEEE ICPADS 2011, Tainan, Taiwan, Dec. 2011.

M. Ha, D. Kim, S. Kim, and S. Hong, "inter-MARIO: A Fast and Seamless Mobility Protocol to

support Inter-PAN Handover in 6LoWPAN," IEEE GLOBECOM 2010, Miami, USA, Dec. 2010.

W. Jung, S. Hong, M. Ha, Y. Kim, and D. Kim, "SSL-based Lightweight Security of IP-based Wireless

Sensor Networks," IEEE QuEST 2009, Bradford, UK, May 2009.

Publications : SNAIL technologies (2/2)


Slide 88

Ky Nam Giang, Daeyoung Kim, Minkeun Ha, and Kiwoong Kwon, "The Method and System for

Browsing Things of Internet of Things on IP using Web Platform," US Patent App. 13/785,378, Pub.

US-2014-0047322-A1, Feb. 13, 2014.

Ky Nam Giang, 김대영, 하민근, 권기웅, "웹 플랫폼을 이용한 아이피 기반 IoT 사물 브라우징 방법 및 시스

템," 등록번호 10-1362384, Feb. 6, 2014.

정수호, 김대영, 김성훈, 하민근, 김태홍, "IoT를 위한 글로벌 ID를 이용한 통신 방법 및 시스템," 등록번호

10-1321583, Oct. 17, 2013.

배성호, 김대영, 하민근, 김성훈, "웹 플랫폼을 이용한 아이피 기반 IoT 사물 브라우징 기술 및 네트워크 중

계 기술 기반 이기종 네트워크 중계 장치 및 방법과 이를 이용한 사용자 단말," 등록번호 10-1188507, Sep.

27, 2012.

박상준, 김대영, 김영주, 하민근, 김성훈, "무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 다중 홉 시각 동기화 방법 및 장치," 등

록번호 10-1145961, May 7, 2012.

하민근, 김대영, 홍성민, 김영주, "6LoWPAN 네트워크의 이동성 지원을 위한 프로토콜 헤더 압축 방법," 등

록번호 10-0937924, Jan. 13, 2010.

Patents

Kaist snail-20150122

Software

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