k12 grading system
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We must rely on research. It is more reliable than tradition. Science and scientific inquiry is the heart of good instruction. That is the true purpose of improving. When we search for ways to uplift literacy through teaching reading.
- Professor Victor C. Villanueva
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activities undertaken by teachers -- and by their students in assessing themselves -- that
provide information to be used as feedback to modify teaching and learning activities.
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Effective Assessment demonstrates alignment of four component.
We do assessment because we want to know if the instruction worked for the learners, what works for the teachers, what works for the whole system.
Assessment is one way to recognize advancements in appropriate standards.
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Which children are at risk for experiencing reading difficulties now and in the future?
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Which children will need additional intervention to meet reading goals?
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Are the children on track for meeting end of the year targets?
Is intervention enabling children to make sufficient progress?
Is instruction working?
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Have we accomplished our literacy goals? Did our students improve from beginning of the
school year? Is our reading program meeting the needs of the
children? How can we make our reading program better?
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Assessment shall be used primarily as
a quality assurance tool
to promote self-reflection and personal accountability for one’s learning.
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HolisticStandards-basedFormativeDevelopmentalQuality of student learningCritical evidence of learning: content
and performance
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Information on teaching practicesGuidance in design and delivery of
student learning Information for parents to support
their children’s development and growth
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Substantive content in the curriculumFacts and information the students
requireGathering old and new information
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Constructing meaning and understanding Interpreting old and new information Checking comprehension by translation,
interpretation and extrapolation.
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Big ideas, principles and generalizationsKnowing when to apply; why to apply; and
recognizing patterns of transfer to situations that are new and unfamiliar
Breaking down big concepts into smaller concepts
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Real-life application using authentic tasksEvaluating ideas and concepts according to
set standards and criteriaCombining elements into a pattern that
wasn’t there beforeApplying the new information to new
situations and making judgments
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Memory/Right There
Think and Search
The Concept and Me
On My own
Signal Words Who, what, where, when…
Why, how and what ways
Imagine, suppose, predict, if/then
Defend, judge, justify/what do you think?
Cognitive Operations
Naming, defining, identifying, designating
Explaining, stating relationships, comparing and contrasting
Predicting, hypothesizing, inferring, reconstructing
Valuing, judging, defending, justifying
Building KPUP Activit ies
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Memory/Right There
Think and Search The Concept and Me
On My own
Signal Words Who, what, where, when…
Why, how and what ways
Imagine, suppose, predict, if/then
Defend, judge, justify/what do you think?
Example Operations
Recitation ExercisesSupplying examplesDirect QuestioningPencil and Paper Tests
Oral Reading ExercisesSilent Reading ExercisesRetelling ExercisesResponses to Texts
Discussion ActivitiesCreative projectsWriting projects
Literacy performancesStandardized AssessmentsReading on my ownReflective Journals