Submitted to: Mr. Aditya Mishra

Submitted By: Deekshant Gupta (k-10755)

Duct System in Large Commercial Buildings[HSVC]

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CONTENT

• Introduction to HVAC• History of HVAC• Need of HVAC• Heating• Ventilation• Air conditioning process• Types of installation• Recent Development in HVAC• Advantages & Disadvantages• Applications of HVAC• Conclusion

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WHAT IS HVAC?• Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning

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WHAT DOES IT DO?

• HVAC is a basic requirement for your indoor air quality, what you breathe, temperature, humidity -- in your house.

• So when you hear the term "HVAC" it means the entire air system of your home.

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NEED OF HVAC SYSTEM

• Improvement of the air quality• Moisture regulation• Maintenance of the constant temperature throughout

the year• Energy conservation

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FURNACE

• As part of the HVAC, the furnace heats the air that circulates in the home.

• The quality of air in the home can be influenced by how often you change the air filter on your unit.

• Usually the Air Conditioner is outside, and the furnace is inside the house.

• The HVAC uses the same venting system for both.

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WHAT ARE BTU’S AND EER’S

• BTU or British Thermal Units, are the amount of heat required to raise the temp. of one pound of water, 1 degree Fahrenheit. 1 ton= 12,000BTU.

• EER is Energy Efficiency Rating and tells you the BTU rating over the wattage. The higher the EER, the better the energy efficiency, but it will probably cost more.

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AIR CONDITIONING UNITAn air conditioner is like a refrigerator without the insulated box. It evaporates a refrigerant, like Freon, to provide cooling.

Most Air Conditioners Have:– A compressor – An expansion valve – A hot coil (on the outside) – A chilled coil (on the inside) – Two fans – A control unit

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COMPRESSOR• Heart of the system, belt driven pump that fastened to engine.• Responsible for compressing and transferring refrigerant.

Advantages:• Very high volumetric efficiency (almost 98%)

• Lesser Noise and lighter compared to rotary compressor.

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CONDENSER• Responsible for heat dissipation. The condenser is designed to

radiate heat. • Located in front of the radiator. Require good air flow when

system is in operation • Plate fin type heat exchanger with micro channels used Very

compact and better heat transfer capability.• Hot compressed refrigerant

vapour cools at constant

pressure to liquid.

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EVAPORATOR• Heat absorption component.• Used remove heat from the inside the room. • Secondary benefit - dehumidification. • Unconditioned air passes through a filter before entering the

evaporator.• Plate-fin evaporator with micro channels used.

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BASIC REFRIGERATION CYCLE

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HEAT PUMP (HP)• A machine or device that moves heat from one location (the

source) to another location (the mechanical work)• Can produce heating or cooling by reversing the direction of heat

flow

• Can be used in:–Forced Air System–Hot Water System–Radiant Heat System

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USES OF AIR CONDITIONING

• Comfort application

• Domestic use

• Process application

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HVAC SYSTEMS

Central Forced air system

Air handling system

• Hot water system

• Zone control system

• Radiant heat

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CENTRAL FORCED AIR SYSTEM

• Most common HVAC system circulates air through or around heating and cooling devices.• A fan forces air into ducts • Supply ducts transport conditioned air into building

through diffusers or supply registers• Air is routed back to heating/cooling device through

return ducts

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AIR HANDLING UNIT(AHU)

• Device used to condition and circulate air as part of an HVAC system

• Large metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling elements, filter, and sound attenuators.

• Connects to ductwork that distributes the conditioned air through the building and returns it to the AHU

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AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU)

• May need to supply heating, cooling, or both• A furnace generates heat– Fuel oil or natural gas– Electric heating elements

• A refrigeration system absorbs heat– Air conditioner– Heat pump

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AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU)• Smaller air handlers may contain a fuel-burning heater or a

refrigeration evaporator placed directly in the air stream• Large commercial air handling units contain coils that circulate

water–Boiler provides hot water or steam–Chiller provides chilled water

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AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU)

Typical AHU components:

1. Supply duct2. Fan compartment3. Flexible connection4. Heating and/or cooling coil5. Filter compartment6. Return and fresh air duct

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HOT WATER SYSTEM• Water heated in boiler and circulated through pipes to

radiators• Requires plumbing rather than ductwork

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ZONE CONTROL SYSTEM

• One heater and one thermostat per room

• No ductwork

• Often used in hotel rooms

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RADIANT HEAT• Supply heat directly to the floor, wall, or ceiling• Hot water pipes or electric heating element runs through

building component• Dependent on radiant heat–Heat transferred from hot surface to people and objects

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RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN HVAC

Emerson Climate Technologies Launches E360

E360 provide a 360-degree view of commercial refrigeration issues and advancements by addressing energy efficiency, equipment reliability and safety, environmental protection, and economic considerations.

Serves as a means of centralizing all of this information and providing us with the tools to interact with industry experts and ultimately improve their operations.

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ADVANTAGES OF HVAC

1. Conserves Energy

2. Regulates Moisture

3. Air Quality Improvement.

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DISADVANTAGES OF HVAC

• Initial installation cost is high.

• Primary disadvantage of ductless air conditioners is their cost.

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APPLICATIONS OF HVAC

• “Free cooling” during moderate temperatures (chiller

bypass).

• Thermal storage—isolation of storage tank

• Water source heat pump pre cooler with isolation

• Heating potable hot water (instantaneous heater)

• Waste heat recovery from condenser water

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CONCLUSION

• Proper system design accounts for building type and size, layout, surrounding area, the nature of activities taking place, the number of occupants, climate and other factors, making each situation distinct.

• Optimizing system operation.

• Making and analysing certain key measurements is essential for optimizing the HVAC system performance.

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REFERENCES

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC

2. www.saminfratech .com

3.http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/consumer/buildings/

commercial/hvac.htm

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THANK YOU