K1 Sufficiency Economy Moi Kmitl 20 May09

Assistant Professor Sompit Moi FusakulKing Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang / Faculty of Architecture/ Thailand

course subject:Design for Sufficiency Economy

open learning resource:

K1. Origin of Sufficiency Economy

contributors:Assistant Professor Sompit Moi Fusakul

King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology LadkrabangFaculty of Architecture / THAILAND

Contents:

1. The origin of Sufficiency Economy2. Aims and philosophy3. Implementation of Sufficient Economy4. Examples of sufficiency developments5. Challenges



Origin of Sufficiency Economy Philosophy Origin of Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP) a holistic concept of moderation in consumption and production

“to develop a higher quality of life for Thai people and the ability to be successful with regard to the preservation of natural resources.”


Our King’s desire:


…Learning by Doing…

“There was no other King in this world is planting and harvesting rice by himself, in his own home (Chitralada Villa)”

The year 1952 marked the beginning of Royal Chitralada Project, and Lead to various Royal Development Study Centres


Since 1952, His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej has undertaken numerous agricultural projects on the ground of the Chitralada Villa.

The projects were funded from the Privy Purse in order to study and experiment with all aspects of dairy farming.

• to provide exemplary lessons for farmers• to encourage self-reliance / self help organization• areas includes agriculture, forestry, and small-scale industries, rice fields, vegetable beds, groves, livestock enclosures, fish ponds, rice-mills, dairy factories, plant research and bio-diesel.• to add value to agricultural products for the domestic market in order to reduce imports.


AimsAims


Projects on the ground of Chitralada Villa•The Chitralada Farm's Rice Cultivation Project• The Demonstration Rice Mill Project• Rice-Husk Grinding Plant•The Chitralada Dairy Plant Project • Dusit Powdered Milk Plant• Milk Collection Unit • Milk tablets • Cooking gas from the cows’ manure • Fish culture and fish farming • Chicken Farms on top of Fish farms• The Green House Laboratory • Production of Alcohol for Engine Fuel

These individual projects have sensible relationship to other projects, within the ground of Chitralada Villa

One project leads to other related projects.By-products from one project can be utilized in other project

•The Chitralada Farm's Rice Cultivation Project (1952)• The Demonstration Rice Mill Project (1961)• Rice-Husk Grinding Plant (1975)•…………………………………………………………… • The Chitralada Dairy Plant Project (1962)• Dusit Powdered Milk Plant (1966)• Milk Collection Unit (& Milk tablets ) (1984)• Cooking gas from the cows’ manure ……………………………………………………………• Fish culture and fish farming (1952)• Chicken Farms on top of Fish farms……………………………………………………………• The Green House Laboratory (preservation of endangered plant species + research in the treatment of poor soil conditions)• Production of Alcohol for Engine Fuel (1960)

Sustainable cycle at Chitralada Palace

Projects / plant

By product

Path of a project leading to another project

By product that utilized in another project

Chicken Manure• ChickenFarm

Chitralada Villa was treated as an “experiment ground” for the King’s projects that later turned into a huge “classroom” for his people. The people of Thailand could visit and learn from the projects. Evidently, a lot of farmers visited the Chitralada went back home and were able to adopt and either duplicate or adapt the knowledge into their own land / community.


“The King’s Experiment ground” turned “People’s Classroom”

Nowadays, if you make a proper reservation well in advance, you too could go visit the Royal Chitralada Project and learn something from the project, just like the people in His Royal kingdom.

The Royal Initiative on “Sufficiency Economy”

Once learned from Chitralada Villa, HM the King later bestowed on “Sufficiency Economy”…

“…Development of the nation must be carried out in stages, starting with the laying of the foundation

by ensuring the majority of the people have their basic necessities through the use of economical

means and equipment in accordance with theoretical principles. Once a reasonably firm foundation has been laid and in effect, higher levels of economic growth and development

should be promoted…”

His Majesty the King’s royal speechgiven to the graduates of Kasetsart University

On July 18, 1974


พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมนิทรมหาภมูพิลอดลุยเดช Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poramintharamaha Bhumibol Adulyadej


His Majesty the King’s royal statement significantly raised consciousness of Thai people to be prudent, to realize steps of development which are academically correct, and to adhere to morals for every conduct of life. These all are known as “Sufficiency Economy.”


Aims and PhilosophyAims and Philosophy

“Sufficiency Economy” philosophy, whose essence is inspired by Buddhism teaching,

a middle path a middle path approach, with an emphasize on human development by putting people and their well-being at the centre of development


“Sufficiency Economy” stresses the middle path as an

overriding principle for appropriate conduct by the

populace at all levels.

This applies to conduct starting from the level of the

families, communities, as well as the level of nation in

development and administration so as to modernize in line

with the forces of globalization.


“Sufficiency” means moderation, reasonableness, and the need of self-immunity mechanism for sufficient protection from impact arising from internal and external changes.

To achieve this, an application of knowledge with due consideration and prudence is essential. In particular great care is needed in the utilization of theories and methodologies for planning and implementation in every step.

At the same time, it is essential to strengthen the moral fibre of the nation, so that everyone, particularly public officials, academic, businessmen at all levels, adheres first and foremost to the principle of honesty and integrity.

In addition, a way of life based on patience, perseverance, diligence, wisdom and prudence is indispensable to create balance and be able to cope appropriately with critical challenges arising from extensive and rapid socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural changes in the world.”


* Unofficial translation of the Thai working definition approved by His Majesty and sent by His Majesty’s Principal Private Secretary to the NESDB on November 29, 1999.

• Reasonableness: is evaluate the reasons for any action and understand its full consequences

• Moderation: enough - in the sense of not too little, and not too much / self-reliance and frugality

• Self-immunity: be resilient, have an ability to withstand shocks and cope with external and internal changes

3 Components:

2 Conditions:

Components of Sufficiency Economy

• Knowledge: (wisdom) includes accumulating information with the insight to understand its meaning with care and prudence usage.

• Morality: virtue, ethical behavior, honesty, tolerance, perseverance, unexploited of others

* this page by Praoranuj SiridejKMITL / Faculty of Architecture / Thailand]

The Suficiency Economy : the middle pathThe Suficiency Economy : the middle path

Reasonableness

Self-immunity

Application of knowledge(Knowledge, wisdom, prudence)

Harmony Security Sustainability(in people’s life, economic and social condition and the environment

in the context of globalization)

Material impact Cultural impact Social impact Environmental impact

Shield Shield the people and the country from internal shocksthe people and the country from internal shocks


Globalisation and its impact

Shield Shield the people and the country from external shocksthe people and the country from external shocks

“Sufficiency ” entails 3 components: moderation, reasonableness, and requirement for a self-immunity system, i.e. able to cope with shocks from internal and external changes.

•Two underlying conditions are necessary to achieve ‘Sufficiency:’’ knowledge and morality. For knowledge conditions, Sufficiency Economy requires breadth and thoroughness in planning, and carefulness in applying knowledge and in implementation of those plans. For moral/ethical criteria, Sufficiency Economy enforces the conditions that people are to possess honesty and integrity, while conducting their lives with perseverance, harmlessness and generosity.

As the promise of future, Sufficiency Economy ensures balance and readiness to cope with fast/extensive changes with respect to materials, society, environment, and culture.

As a paradigm shift, Sufficiency Economy arises against the backdrop of globalization driven integration of the world and the pace of technological-cultural-social changes.

The Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy seeks to achieve

balance & sustainability at all levels



Implementation of SEP

“Sufficiency Economy” stresses the middle path as an

overriding principle for appropriate conduct by the

populace at all levels.

This applies to conduct starting from the level of the

families, communities, as well as the level of nation in

development and administration so as to modernize in line

with the forces of globalization.


"…to be a tiger is not important..The important thing for us is to have a self supporting economy..A self-supporting economy means to have enough to survive..."


Example of SE Development

Poverty in Thailand


* FROM “SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE SUFFICIENCY ECONOMY PHILOSOPHY” By Chirayu Isarangkun and Kobsak Pootrakool

As a practical example of applying the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy, His

Majesty the King has developed systematic guidelines for proper management of

land and water resources, based on His experiments with integrated agriculture over

the years. This system of agriculture is commonly known in Thailand as

New Theory AgricultureNew Theory Agriculturewhich is also regarded as a new sustainable agriculture towards self-reliance for the

rural household.



The main purpose of the New Theory Agriculture is to make farmers more self-reliant through a holistic management of their land, while living harmoniously with nature and within society.

The complete New Theory Agriculture has three stages: (1)sufficiency at the household level(2)sufficiency at the community level, and (3)sufficiency at the national level.

Level of Sufficiency Economy

Source: www.sufficiencyeconomy.com

Progressive Sufficiency Economy

Self-reliance Basic Sufficiency Economy

Community

Network



Human’s 4 basic factors for living



Living spaceLiving space FoodFood

ClothingClothing MedicineMedicine


FROM “His Majesty’s Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy and the Royal Development Study Centres” by H.E. Mr. AmpolSenanarong Privy Councilor

New Theory Agriculture The first stage of the New Theory aims to create self-reliance and self-sufficient at the household level; the so-called self-sustaining agricultural landscapes.

Example:For a household with 4-5 members—an average household size in Thailand, it requires the average of 15 rai (2.4 hectares) area of land. The land shall be divided in to 4 parts with a proportion of 30/30/30/10. 1.The first 30% segment of the land, --approximately 0.48 hectares, is for rice cultivation2.The next 30% is for field and garden crops. 3.The third 30% is to dig a pond of 4 meters deep, which will have a storage capacity of 19,000 cubic meters. 4.The remaining 10% or 0.32 ha are for housing and other activities.


http://cyberlab.lh1.ku.ac.th/elearn/faculty/educate/edu51/les51.htm

New Theory Agriculture The second stage of the New Theory aims to create sufficiency at the community level; or cooperation among farmers



New Theory Agriculture The third stage of the New Theory aims to create sufficiency at the national level; or cooperation among cooperatives and investors.



Level of Sufficiency Economy

Source: www.sufficiencyeconomy.com


Self-reliance Basic Sufficiency Economy

Community

Network




Dissemination of Sufficient Economy PracticesDissemination of Sufficient Economy Practices

Royal Development Study Centres


various Royal Development Study Centres


The philosophy’s “middle path” approach strongly

reinforces the advocacy of a people-centred and sustainable path towards human development. The success of sufficiency economy works conditionally to two qualities

of people - knowledge and integrity. Yet sufficiency economy must be considered as a means, not the end result by itself.

It is dealing with ways of living or conducting business , not only at the technological level, but also socio-cultural, organizational, infrastructural, hence involving stakeholders’ relations/interactions/benefits.

It also means planning/design-and-implementation processes aimed at

achieving sufficiency- not too less, not too much

“…“…no matter what others say – whether they will accuse no matter what others say – whether they will accuse Thailand of being old fashioned or obscurantist. So long as we Thailand of being old fashioned or obscurantist. So long as we have enough to live on and to live for – and this should be the have enough to live on and to live for – and this should be the wish and determination of all of us – without aiming for the wish and determination of all of us – without aiming for the apex of prosperity, we shall already be considered as the top in apex of prosperity, we shall already be considered as the top in comparison with other countries in the present world…”comparison with other countries in the present world…”

His Majesty the KingHis Majesty the King’Speech given on the occasion of His Birthday ’Speech given on the occasion of His Birthday Anniversary on December 4, 1974Anniversary on December 4, 1974

Important Points:1. Sufficiency Economy has been put forward for quite some times, and is

not initiated as a result of the Asian Crisis (around 1997).

2. For application domain, Sufficiency Economy is scalable, with ‘universal domain applicability’: individual, household, community, project, business, management, institution, polity, society, nation state, region, humanity, and biosphere.

3. As the foundation for an economic framework, Sufficiency Economy is complete, governing everything from motivation (utility, drives, etc.), to criteria (goals, objectives, etc.), to behaviour (production, consumption, investment, etc.), to system (collectivity, connectivity, etc.), and can be said to, at least implicitly, address all issues within a dynamic setting.



SufffficiencyDoes

means….


Suffffer ?That everyone would have to


AfffforrdableNot at all, we are only expected to act in a

manners...


moderrationAnd keep in mind all the time in terms of

in our actions...


rreasonnableAnd make sure that whatever we act is…

rSelf-immunnity


And ensure that we prepare ourselves and have sufficient

for future shocks.


BalannceSustainability

&And when we succeed in these approches, not only ourselves,

BUT others too will have a

future together.


Sufficiency ?Do we have any “guidelines” to acquire


Well, there is no “specific guideline” BUT if one can gain a deep understanding of the SEP, one could

develop a sense of

Sufficiency

Gradually, it would become one’s


Common sense (of

Sufficiency)

for the way one’s conducting life, business or any actions (..and so on..)

CHALLENGES:

It is evidently positive that Sufficiency Economy Philosophy is ‘universal’ and can be applied to a lot of actions and activities. But very few example was shown in the area of DESIGN. It would be worthwhile to explore whether SEP would compliment

designing thinkings and create outputs that can sufficiently

satisfy people in a more sustainable ways…


• information excerpted from the document published by National Economic and Social Development Board, Thailand

• http://www.sufficiencyeconomy.org/en/• http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/1701/kingm3.htm• http://www.soho-properties.com/otop.php• http://www.thairice.org/eng/king/Chitralada_Project.htm• www.sufficiencyeconomy.com

References:References:

ANOTHER VERY GOOD IMPLEMENTATION OF SEP AT INTER-DEPENDENT LEVEL:

www.chumphoncabanaresort.comwww.chumphoncabanaresort.co.thSearch for chum phon cabana resort & Diving Center


K1 Sufficiency Economy Moi Kmitl 20 May09

Business

Transcript of K1 Sufficiency Economy Moi Kmitl 20 May09