Jute in india

BY SUNIL TALEKAR-M. SC.

HISTORY OF JUTE

Jute has been used since ancient

times in Africa and Asia to

provide a cordage and

weaving fiber from the stem

and food from the leaves. In

several historical documents (

Ain-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal in

1590) during the era of the

great Mughal Emperor

Akbar (1542 –1605) states

that the poor villagers of India

used to wear clothes made of

jute.

JUTE A NATURAL FIBER

JUTE A NATURAL FIBER

• Jute is a natural fibre with golden and silky shine and hence called The

Golden Fibre.

• It is the cheapest vegetable fibre procured from the bast or skin of the

plant's stem and the second most important vegetable fibre after

cotton, in terms of usage, global consumption, production, and

availability.

• It has high tensile strength,

low extensibility, and ensures

better breath ability of

fabrics.

• Jute fibre is 100% bio-

degradable and recyclable

and thus environmentally

friendly.

JUTE TRADE

• Jute trade is currently centered around the Indian subcontinent.

• Bangladesh is the largest exporter of raw jute, and India is the largest producer as well as largest consumer of jute products in the world.

• Nearly 75% of Jute goods are used as packaging materials, burlap (Hessian), and sacks. Carpet Backing Cloth, the third major Jute outlet, is fast growing in importance.

JUTE TRADE

• Currently, it consists of roughly

15% of the world’s Jute goods

consumption.

• The remaining products are

carpet yarn, cordage, felts,

padding, twine, ropes,

decorative fabrics, and

miscellaneous items for industrial

use.

JUTE TRADE

• Jute has entered the non-woven

industry as it is one of the most cost

effective high tensile vegetable

fibre.

• Therefore, the demand for Jute has

made its way into the automotive

industry. Jute is now being used to

manufacture more eco-friendly

interiors for cars and automobiles.

TYPES

OF

JUTE

•

TYPES OF JUTE

jute products fall into four classes of

manufacture:

1. HESSIAN or BURLAP: A plain

woven fabric of 5 to 12 ozs. a yard,

made of good quality jute yarn. It is

used for a wide range of applications

as in cloth form and in the form of

bags.

•

TYPES OF JUTE

2. SACKING: It is also

known as "heavy

goods," made from

lower grades of

fiber, loosely woven

cloth, in plain or twill

weave, weighing

from 12-20 ozs. per

yard of different

widths. It is used for

bags of all types.

•

3. CANVAS - The finest jute

product, closely woven of the

best grades of fiber widely

used in India for protection from

the weather.

TYPES OF JUTE

•

4. JUTE YARN and TWINE - Most

of the single strand jute yarn

produced is consumed by the

mills themselves in fabric and

twine manufacture. Jute twine in

varying weights and thickness is,

used extensively both in India

and abroad for sewing, tying,

and for a variety of industrial

applications such as packing

pipe joints, cable binding, etc.

TYPES OF JUTE

JUTE

CULTIVATION

JUTE CULITVATION

Jute is a rainy season

crop, sown from March

to May according to

rainfall and type of

land. It is harvested

from June to September

depending upon

whether the sowings are

early or late.

JUTE CULITVATION

Climate and Soils

Jute requires a warm

and humid climate with

temperature between

24° C to 37°

C. Constant rain or

water-logging is

harmful. The new

gray alluvial soil of

good depth, receiving

salt from annual

floods, is best for

jute. Flow ever jute is

grown widely in sandy

loams and clay loams.

JUTE CULITVATION

Sowing of jute

Sowing of jute in midlands and high

lands starts with showers in March or

April and continues till early June in

the western part of the jute

belt. Compost or firm yard manure,

Phosphorus and Potash, Nitrogen

fertilizers are used as a

fertilizer. Interculturing is essential in

the early stage. Pasts are also

require for plant protection.

JUTE CULITVATION

Harvesting

Jute is harvested any time

between 120 days to 150 days

when the flowers have been shed,

early harvesting gives good

healthy fibers. The plant from 8

to 12 feet high are cut with stickles

at or close the ground level. In

flooded land, plants are up

rooted. The harvested plants are

left in field for 3 days for the

leaves to shed.

The stems are then made up into

bundles for steeping in

water. Steeping is carried out

immediately after harvest.

THE

FIBRE

EXTRACTION

:

THE FIBRE EXTRACTION

The Fibre Extraction

The jute plant's fibres lie beneath the bark and surrounded the woody

central part of the stem. To extract the fibres from the stem, the process

is carried out in the following stages


Retting

Retting is a process in which the tied bundles of jute stalks are taken to

the tank by which fibres get loosened and separated from the woody

stalk. The bundles are steeped in water at least 60 cm to 100 cm

depth. The retting process is completed in 8 to 30 days, when the barks

separate out easily from the stick or wood and the fibres are ready for

extraction.

A development in recent years is

adoption of ribbon retting

technology in jute growing trade

of the country.

RETTING

STRIPPING 1

Stripping(Fibre Extraction) Stripping is the process of removing the fibres from the stalk after the completion of retting. Fibres are removed from the stalk by any one of the following methods : (i) Single plants are taken and their fibers are taken off. (ii) Taken off a handful of stalks, breaking it in a to and fro motion in water. (iii) Washing the stalks first by standing in waist deep water and then stripping afterwards.

STRIPPING 2

STRIPPING 3

WASHING AND DRYING

After squeezing excess water the fibres are hang on bamboo railing for sun drying for 2-3 days.

Extracted fibres are washed in clean water. The dark colour of fibres can

be removed by dipping them in tamarind water for 15 to 20 minutes and

again washed in clean water.


When there is a plenty of water, bundles

of stalks are laid in the pond ditches or

slow moving streams and left for 5-15

days under water. The bunch of stem is

held in one hand and the root end

tapped lightly with a mallet. After

loosens the rest of fibres, fibres are

extracted and washed.

WASHING AND DRYING

BAILING AND PACKING

Bailing and Packing The jute fibre is graded into tops, middles, B, C and X-bottoms. Packing into Kutcha bales about 250 pounds for use in the home trade. they are transported to jute market or direct to jute mills.

STANDARD

CONSTRUCTIONS

CLASSIFIED

STANDARD CONSTRUCTIONS CLASSIFIED

Basic Jute products fabrics produced in jute mills in India are of standard constructions classified as the following : 1) Hessian Cloth 2) Sacking Cloth 3) Jute Yarn and Twines 4) D. W. Tarpaulin 5) Canvas 6) Bags 7) Hydrocarbon Free Jute Cloth 8) Geotextiles

HESSIAN CLOTH

• Hessian cloth is a finer quality jute fabric, a plain woven fabric of 5 to 12 ozs, a yard. Hessian is also called Burlap. • Hessian cloth is used for a wide range of applications and is exported all over the world both in cloth form and in the form of bags. • Bags are used to store and pack varieties of goods and commodities such as pulses grain, potato, onion, sugar and tobacco. •The bags are available for packing goods up to 60 kg. of weight.

HESSIAN CLOTH

SACKING CLOTH

* Sacking cloth also known as heavy goods, made from

lower grades of jute fibres.

* Sacking is heavy, loosely woven cloth in plain or twrill

weave, weighting from 15-20 ozs per yard of different

widths.

•Sacking cloth is used for jute bags to pack food grains,

sugar and Cement etc. in a weight range from 50 to 100

kg.

•The different qualities of this category are A. Twill, B.

Twill, hy Cees, D.W Flocer, Cement Bags etc.

SACKING CLOTH

JUTE YARN AND TWINES JUTE YARN

Jute Yarn and Twines Jute Yarn

manufactured is consumed by

jute mills in fabric and twine

manufacture. Fine Yarn is

manufactured exclusively for

export purpose and utilised for

making jute blended fabrics,

diversified jute goods ropes and

decorate wall covering.

Jute Twine is varying weights and

thickness is extensively used in

India and abroad for sewing,

tying and other industrial

applications.

JUTE YARN AND TWINES JUTE YARN

Jute Yarn and Twines Jute Yarn

Tarpaulin are used mainly for coverings on a multidimensional scale.

D.W. TARPAULIN

CANVAS

Canvas is the finest jute product, closely woven with best grades of fibre. Jute canvas is widely used in India for protection from weather. Canvas and Screin lamination with paper polythene is used in mines.

JUTE USE

USE OF

JUTE

•hopping Bags are made from hessian or sacking cloths

with handles, straps, chains in different shapes and

dimensions.

• They are used specially for marketing.

• They are bleached and decorated with different artistic

designs.

• Promotional bags are generally sample bags to promote

items for sale.

• Polylined / Polylamined bags are hessian or sacking

bags with a coated polythene film.

BAGS

HYDROCARBON FREE JUTE CLOTH

Hydrocarbon free jute cloth is a hessian fabric free from the presence of

hydrocarbon. it is made by treating jute with vegetable oil. These type of bags

are extensively used for packing of coffee, cocoa, peanut beans or other food

material. The bags are free from any kerosene smell.

GEOTEXTILE

Geotextiles are jute cloths helps to prevent soil erosion and

landslides. The Geotextiles are laid along the river embankments, sides,

hill slopes etc. to prevent soil erosion Sacking cloth also known as heavy

goods, made from lower grades of jute fibres. Sacking is heavy, loosely

woven cloth in plain or twill weave, weighting from 15-20 ozs per yard of

different widths. Sacking cloth is used for jute bags to pack food grains,

sugar and Cement etc. in a weight range from 50 to 100 kg. The

different qualities of this category are A. Twill, B. Twill, hy Cees, D.W

Flocer, Cement Bags etc.

JUTE USE

Serim cloth is an extremely light weight Hessian cloth. It is used

in the felt industry to reinforce the non-woven fabric. It is also

used for strengthening paper with lamination.

Tobacco Sheets

Tobacco sheets are made with Hessian cloths used for

wrapping tobacco leaves for safe transit.

Hessian tapes and Gaps

Hessian tapes and Gaps are made with Hessian cloth. Hessian

cloth is woven with gaps at regular intervals and the cloths cut

between the gaps to make small width taps.

JUTE USE

Decorative Items

Several decorative items, toys, wall hanging, paper, decorative

bags, table lamps, furniture, and many more is made from jute

fabrics.

Hessian tapes and Gaps

Hessian tapes and Gaps are made with Hessian cloth. Hessian

cloth is woven with gaps at regular intervals and the cloths cut

between the gaps to make small width taps.

FLOORING

TABLE MATS

TABLE RUNNER

FOR FURNITURE

Thanks

Jute in india

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