Just When Is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?. ITOPF Mr. Richard Johnson_… · Just When is...
Transcript of Just When Is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?. ITOPF Mr. Richard Johnson_… · Just When is...
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 1
Just When Is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?Petroleum Association of Japan SymposiumRichard H. Johnson - Technical DirectorTokyo, 28th January 2016
Promoting Effective Pollution Response
• Big Spills, Big Problems. Public up roar. Politically Unacceptable
• Action – Industry & Govt
• 50 years of Evolution. A mature industry.
• Great Successes. Job done?
• Has the risk now passed? Can we take our foot off the gas?
• It costs money to be prepared. Budgets are tight.
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 2
• Big Spills, Big Problems. Public up roar. Politically Unacceptable
• Action – Industry & Govt
• 50 years of Evolution. A mature industry.
• Great Successes. Job done?
• Has the risk now passed? Can we take our foot off the gas?
• It costs money to be prepared. Budgets are tight.
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
0
5
10
15
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25
30
35
1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015
Tanker Spills >700 tonnes
• Big Spills, Big Problems. Public up roar. Politically Unacceptable
• Action – Industry & Govt
• 50 years of Evolution. A mature industry.
• Great Successes. Job done?
• Has the risk now passed? Can we take our foot off the gas?
• It costs money to be prepared. Budgets are tight.
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Num
ber
of s
pills
7-700 Tonnes
>700 Tonnes
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 3
• Big Spills, Big Problems. Public up roar. Politically Unacceptable
• Action – Industry & Govt
• 50 years of Evolution. A mature industry.
• Great Successes. Job done?
• Has the risk now passed? Can we take our foot off the gas?
• It costs money to be prepared. Budgets are tight.
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
• Big Spills, Big Problems. Public up roar. Politically Unacceptable
• Action – Industry & Govt
• 50 years of Evolution. A mature industry.
• Great Successes. Job done?
• Has the risk now passed? Can we take our foot off the gas?
• It costs money to be prepared. Budgets are tight.
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
1970s56% 1980s
21%1990s20% 2000s
3%
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 4
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015
ATLANTIC EMPRESS287,000 Tonnes
CASTILLO DE BELLVER252,000 Tonnes
KHARK 570,000 Tonnes
ABT SUMMER260,000 Tonnes
SEA EMPRESS72,000 Tonnes
ERIKA20,000 Tonnes
PRESTIGE63,000 Tonnes
HEBEI SPIRIT11,000 Tonnes
EXXON VALDEZ37,000 Tonnes
Th
ou
san
d T
on
nes
NAKHODKAStern Section
Tokyo
Wajima
Toyama Bay
Wakasa Bay
Kanazawa
Mikuni
Tsuruga
Maizuru
NAKHODKABow Section
YAMAGATA
TOYAMA
KYOTO
NIIGATA
SHIMANE
FUKUI
HYOGO
TOTTORI
AKITA
Nagoya
AOMORI
SADO ISLAND
Pacific
Ocean
Sea of
Japan
OKI ISLANDS
100 kilometres
ISIKAWA
1,000 km Coastline. 10 Prefectures
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 5
HEBEI SPIRIT
• Spills happen
• Understand the risk
• Citizens will be affected ( >100,000 claims)
• Spills can be expensive ( >US$2 billion claimed)
• Preparation is required to respond to such events
• Preparation is needed to fund such events
• Oil Transportation
• Oil demand for our present way of life. Until Society changes its mind
• Do we (government/industry/public) accept the risks?
• Successful Transportation.
• Happy to invest to reap the benefits
• Happy to invest to mitigate the consequences?
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
• Oil transportation
• Oil ‐ demand for our present way of life. Until Society changes its mind
• Do we (government/industry/public) accept the risks?
• Successful Transportation.
• Happy to invest to reap the benefits
• Happy to invest to mitigate the consequences?
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 6
• Oil Transportation
• Oil demand for our present way of life. Until Society changes its mind
• Do we (government/industry/public) accept the risks?
• Successful Transportation.
• Happy to invest to reap the benefits
• Happy to invest to mitigate the consequences?
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
• All Shipping routes (90% commodities transported by sea)
• All cargoes ‐ demand for our present way of life. Until Society changes its mind
• Do we (government/industry/public) accept the risks?
• Successful Transportation.
• Happy to invest to reap the benefits
• Happy to invest to mitigate the consequences?
• Oil Transportation
• Oil demand for our present way of life. Until Society changes its mind
• Do we (government/industry/public) accept the risks?
• Successful Transportation.
• Happy to invest to reap the benefits
• Happy to invest to mitigate the consequences?
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
• All Shipping routes (90% commodities transported by sea)
• All cargoes ‐ demand for our present way of life. Until Society changes its mind
• Do we (government/industry/public) accept the risks?
• Successful Transportation.
• Happy to invest to reap the benefits
• Happy to invest to mitigate the consequences?
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2015
Num
ber
of in
cide
nts
Tanker v Non-Tanker
Associate status (1999)
Preparedness in 2016: A risky business?
Container18%
Bulk carrier23%
General cargo15%Passengership
5%
Other Non-tankers
4%
Tankers35%
BREAKDOWN OF INCIDENT TYPE ATTENDED (2000‐2014)
Preparedness in 2016: A risky business?
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 8
MEGA CONTAINERSHIPS
Maersk
CONTAINERSHIP INCIDENTS
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 9
MEGA SHIPS
MSC
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Number of > 60,000 GT Vessels
GT > 60,000 GT
NAME GT YEAR LENGTH (m) PASSENGERS
OASIS OF THE SEAS 225,282 2009 360 6,296
HARMONY OF THE SEAS 227,700 2016 362 6,360
MEGA SHIPS
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 10
COSTA CONCORDIA
CHEMICAL TANKER INCIDENTS
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 11
The Arctic – Future Increase in shipping?
North West Passage: ~ 14,600 km
Panama Canal: ~ 23,300 km Suez Canal: ~ 22,200 km
Northern Sea Route: ~ 11,900 km
• Tight budgets
• Economic decline
• Austerity
• Oil prices down
• Priority of Services
• What is the risk of an oil spill?
i. What is the likelihood of an oil spill?
ii. What is the consequence of an oil spill?
iii. What is the consequence of an oil spill where there has been no preparation?
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
2016 = < US$30/bbl1st time since 2004Decrease of 70% in 15 months
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 12
Risk = Probability x Consequence
• Quantity of oil transported• (Tankers / non-tank vessels – bunkers)• Prevention measures• ….• Probability of spill decreased?
Preparedness in 2016: A risky business?
Shipping - Oil Spill Risk Factors
• ITOPF Spill Response Activity
• No. of spills over the years?
• Effort (relative in terms of effort) over the years?
• Risk the same? Risk changing?
• Consequences the same? Consequences changing?
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2015
Nu
mb
er
of
inci
de
nts
20 - 25 incidents per year
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 13
• ITOPF Spill Response Activity
• No. of spills over the years?
• Effort (relative in terms of effort) over the years?
• Risk the same? Risk changing?
• Consequences the same? Consequences changing?
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
ITOPF Spill Effort
Sum of Spill Mandays Linear (Sum of Spill Mandays)
Spill consequence determinants
• Amount of oil and rate of spillage
• Type of oil
• Characteristics of spill location
• Sensitive resources
• Weather and sea conditions
– trajectory
• Efficiency of response / clean up
Risk = probability x consequence
Preparing According to Risk
Preparedness in 2016: A risky business?
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 14
PreparednessEffective response
• Legal frameworks in place
• Defined roles & responsibilities
• Comprehensive, realistic contingency plans
• Risk assessment (most likely / worst scenarios)
• Appropriate equipment (maintained)
• Tiered response
• Regional agreements
• Government & Industry partnerships
• Trained & exercised
• Lessons learned
International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation
OPRC 1990
Ratified by 103 States [20 Jan 2016]
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 15
Regional Co-operation
Government & Industry Co-operation [20 Jan 2016]
International Conventions on Oil Pollution Compensation - Tankers
1992 CLC & Fund
[20 Jan 2016]
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 16
International Conventions on Oil Pollution Compensation – Non tankers
2001 Bunkers Convention
[20 Jan 2016]
• What is today’s risk? Different to yesteryear?
• What is today’s consequence? Different to yesteryear?
• Different people have different measures of consequence
• Sovereign state. Responsible for looking after nation’s citizens and coastline
• Peoples livelihoods at stake
• Neglect of duty. Voted out, lose power. Political
• Private body. More expensive to clean up & compensate if ill prepared
• Reputational damage. Share price down. Business bust. Financial
• Environmental
INdustryPreparedness in 2016: A risky business?
TODAY?Are you prepared?
Can you afford not to be prepared?
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 17
Just When Is Oil Spill PreparednessToo Expensive?
Promoting Effective Pollution Response
Just When Is Oil Spill PreparednessToo Expensive?
Proportionate to Risk
Promoting Effective Pollution Response
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 18
• Much achieved – no room for complacency, room for further improvement
• Commensurate / proportionate with risk
Spill Response – New Mobilisations(Nov. 2014 to Nov. 2015)
Date of incident Name of ship Location Nature of incident GT DWT P & I Club Product spilt
1 22 Oct 2014 SEATRUCK PANORAMA Warrenpoint, NI, UK Ballast ops 14,759 5,125North of England
IFO
2 04 Dec 2014 PHOENIX BETA* Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Eqpt Failure 59,831 104,707 GardCrude, White
Product
3 09 Dec 2014 SOUTHERN STAR 7* Sundarbans, Bangladesh Sinking 4,702 4,220 Unknown HFO
4 12 Dec 2014 LORD STAR Brest, France Grounding 43,656 82,938 Gard IFO 380
5 13 Dec 2014 OCTBREEZE ISLAND Paraná River, Argentina Collision 23,264 38,278 Gard IFO 380
6 28 Dec 2015 HYUNDAI BRIDGE Busan, South Korea Collision 21,611 24,772 Skuld IFO 180
7 02 Jan 2015 ALYARMOUK* Horsburgh Light, Singapore Collision 61,342 116,039North of England
Madura Crude
8 03 Jan 2015 HOEGH OSAKA Southampton, UK Grounding 517,770 16,886 Gard None
9 11 Jan 2015 MOL EXPRESS Bay of Tokyo, Japan Grounding 53,822 63,046 Skuld None
10 18 Feb 2015 LYSBLINK SEAWAYS Kilchoan, Scotland, UK Grounding 7,409 7,500 Skuld Bunker
11 06 Mar 2015 NASSAU ENERGY* Ras Ghareb, EgyptBerthing
manoeuvres57,925 107,181 Gard None
12 09 Apr 2015 MARATHASSA Vancouver, Canada Equipment failure 43,229 80.635 Standard IFO 380
13 11 May 2015 BUNGA LOTUS* Paraná River, Argentina Collision 11,925 19,992 Britannia HFO
14 02 Jun 2015 Falmouth Port Spill Falmouth docks, UK Equipment failure - - - HFO
15 17 Jul 2015 ALAM MANIS Luzon, Philippines Grounding 31,238 55,652 UK None
16 26 Jul 2015 SUNPOWER* Port of Huelva, Spain Loading ops 3,691 4,999 Gard Asphalt
17 27 Aug 2015 GREEN EGERSUND Gdynia Port, Poland Allision 5,084 6,120 Skuld HFO
18 02 Sept 2015 FINACIA 32 Ujung Kutonas, Indonesia Grounding 3,141 - Shipowners Bituminous coal
19 10 Sept 2015CMA CGM BERLIOZ c/wSANTA ELENA
Freeport terminal 1Malta
Eqpt failure 73,157 80,250 London HFO
20 16 Sept 2015 XENA* Shanghai, P.R. China Cargo 11,733 19,980 Gard Styrene
21 06 Oct 2015FLINTERSTAR c/w AL ORAIQ
Zeebrugge, Belgium Collision 6,577 9,122 QBE IFO 380
22 06 Oct 2015 HAIDAR Barcarena, Pará, Brazil Capsized 5,026 6,419Al-Bahriah Ins
& ReinsLivestock and
HFO
23 15 Oct 2015 NIJPTANGH Cherbourg, France Allision 1,403 2,743 Gard MGO
24 17 Oct 2015 TOKYO SPIRIT* Cascais, Lisbon, Portugal Grounding 78,845 149,996 Gard -
25 23 Oct 2015 LOS LLANITOS Manzanillo, Mexico Grounding 38,105 71,665 Britannia Unknown oil
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 19
• 25 Incidents
• 8 Tanker Incidents
• 16 Non‐tanker Incidents & 1 Other
Spill Response – New Mobilisations(Nov. 2014 to Nov. 2015)
SOUTHERN STAR 7: 9th December 2014
• 9th December 2014• Tanker collision on Shela River (Sundarbans region)• Oil release of 350 cbm of HFO• Internationally important area of mangrove forest• ITOPF contacted by UK Government’s Department for International
Development (DFID) ‐ On site 6th January
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 20
SOUTHERN STAR 7
The Sundarbans, Bangladesh, 09.12.2014
Daily Star, Bangladesh
STRDEL/AFP/Getty Image
• Tanker ALYAMOURK (61,342 GT)
• Collision involving a bulk carrier 10 NM off coast of Singapore
• Spill of 4,500 MT Madura Crude (Specific gravity: 0.81)
• Singapore MPA notified Malaysian and Indonesian Authorities of the incident.
ALYARMOUK ‐ Singapore, 2nd Jan. 2015
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 21
ALYARMOUK ‐ Singapore, 2nd Jan. 2015
• After significant effort, on 10th Jan. AM ITOPF undertook aerial surveillance to the south-east of the collision site, using OSRL’s fixed wing aircaft from Singapore
• No significant oil slicks were observed. A few small areas of emulsified and black oil were sighted offshore > 40 NM from the nearest land
SUNPOWER, Port of Huelva, Spain, 26th July 2015
• 26th July 2015• Product tanker • Approx. 20 - 40 T of asphalt
spilled during loading operations
SUNPOWER - Port of Huelva, Spain, 26th July 2015
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 22
FINACIA 32 - Java, Indonesia, 1st Sept. 2015
• Non-motorised barge FINACIA
32 ran aground in poor weather
• South coast Ujung Kutonas
Peninsula, South-West Java
• All 7,500 MT cargo of unburnt
steam coal (“bituminous” coal)
was spilled
• Approx. 50% of the cargo
initially reported as on the shore,
with remainder presumed
submerged off the beach
HOEGH OSAKA ‐ Solent, 3rd Jan. 2015
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 23
FLINTERSTAR c/w AL ORAIQ Zeebrugge, Belgium, 6th Oct.2015
HAIDAR – Barcarena, Pará, Brazil, 6th Oct.2015
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 24
CITY – Sakata, Japan, 10th Jan.2016
• General cargo vessel • 4,359 GT
Ishigaki Is.
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 25
Just When Is Oil Spill PreparednessToo Expensive?
Be Prepared! Proportionate to Risk!
Promoting Effective Pollution Response
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 26
1. SPILL RESPONSE (OIL & HNS)
2. CLAIMS ANALYSIS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
3. CONTINGENCY PLANNING & ADVISORY WORK
4. TRAINING & EDUCATION
5. TECHNICAL INFORMATION
ITOPF: Promoting Effective Spill Response (Five core services)
• Website & WebGIS ‐ www.itopf.com
• ITOPF publications (e.g. TIPS Series – 9 languages)
• Databases with spill statistics
• Comprehensive technical library
INFORMATION SERVICES
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 27
• Website & WebGIS ‐ www.itopf.com
• ITOPF publications (e.g. TIPS Series – 9 languages)
• Databases with spill statistics
• Comprehensive technical library
INFORMATION SERVICES
Response to Marine Oil Spills Film Series
Richard H. Johnson Technical DirectorPAJ Symposium, Tokyo - 29th January 2016
Promoting Effective Pollution Response
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 28
• Introduction to Oil Spills (22 mins)
•Aerial Surveillance (18 mins)
•At‐Sea Response (24 mins)
• Shoreline Clean‐Up (19 mins)
•Waste management (18 mins)
• Environmental Impacts (18 mins)
•Oil Spill Compensation (26 mins)
www.itopf.com
• English• French• Spanish• Portuguese• Korean• Chinese• Japanese•Arabic• Turkish
• 7 Films • Free online • ITOPF App • DVD
I T O P F
F I L M S
I T O P F
F I L M S
www.itopf.com
PAJ Symposium 2016Just When is Oil Spill Preparedness Too Expensive?
28th January 2016
Richard H. JohnsonITOPF Technical Director 29
1. NOT FOR PROFIT
2. SHIPPING INDUSTRY FUNDED
3. PROMOTE EFFECTIVE SPILL RESPONSE
4. OBJECTIVE TECHNICAL ADVICE ON SITE
5. FIVE CORE SERVICES
ITOPF