Jurnal Vitiligo
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(REVIEW ARTICLE)
CONCISE REVIEW OF RECENT STUDIES IN VITILIGO
Qatar Medical Journal (October 2013)
Fathin Rahmani Salman(2010730135)
Pembimbing : Dr. Endang Triwahyuni, M.Kes, SpKK
Kepaniteraan Klinik Stase Kulit dan KelaminRSUD Sekarwangi2015
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Latar Belakang
Kelainan depigmentasi paling sering dimana destruksi selektif fungsi
melanosit menyebabkan depigmentasi pada kulit, rambut, dan
permukaan mukosa
Vitiligo
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Prevalensi
0.5-1% populasi
Usia rata-rata 24 tahun
Laki-laki =
Perempuan
≠ Tipe kulit &
ras
Latar Belakang
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Autoimun destruksi melanosit
Imunologi
Genetik
Lingkungan
Latar Belakang
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Tujuan Penatalaksanaan
• Meminimalisasi atau mencegah progres penyakit
• Repigmentasi / depigmentasi
• Kepuasan kosmetik
Latar Belakang
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Etiologi
Genetik
• Peningkatan ekspresi IFN-γ, TNF-α dan IL 10
• Reduksi kadar proopiomelanokortin (POMC) peptida, α-MSH
• Penurunan ekspresi gen sistem melanocortin (POMC, ASIP, AGRP, MC1R, MC2R, MC3R, MC4R, MC5R) dan 2 enzim melanogenesis (TRP1, DCT)
• Variasi genetik susceptibility loci (HLA kelas 1, HLA kelas 11, PTPN22, RERE, FOXP1, LPP, CCR6, IL2RA, TYR, GZMB, NLRP1, UBASH3A, C1QTNF6)
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Etiologi
• Penurunan signifikan kadar serum IgG dan IgA
• IgG antimelanosit antibodi menginduksi kerusakan melanosit
• Autoantigen tyrosinase; tyrosine-related protein (TRP) 1/75 gp dan 2; melanosomal matrix protein gp 100 (pmel 17) dan Melan A/MART
Imunitas Humoral
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Etiologi
• Reduksi drastis Treg• CD8+ melanosit spesifik T-sel menyebabkan respon imun vitiligo segmental
Imunitas Selular
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Etiologi
• Metabolit toksik dari lingkungan (phenols dan catechols) atau akumulasi akibat hambatan enzim yang berperan dalam jalur melanin merusak melanosit
• Chemical leukodderma atau vcontact/occupational vitiligo
Autositotoksisitas
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Etiologi
• Kadar rendah abnormal enzim katalase kadar H2O2 yang tinggi pada epidermis
• Oksidasi inisiasi kegagalan & apoptosis melanosit
Stres Oksidatif
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Etiologi
• Disregulasi jalur biopterin melanosit sitotoksisitas
• Peningkatan 6BH4 dan 7BH4
Faktor Biokimia
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Etiologi
•Peningkatan tenascin menghalangi adhesi melanosit pada fibronectin
Melanocytorrhagy
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Etiologi
• Penurunan reseptor c-Kit dan rendahnya ekspresi faktor stem cell dari keratinosit
Penurunan Masa Hidup Melanosit
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KLASIFIKASI
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INTERAKSI
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Interaksi
Penyakit autoimun yang berkaitan• Tiroiditis
Hashimoto• Alopesia areata• Anemia
pernisiosa
Vitiligo dan
Autoimun
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Interaksi
Melanosit pada stria vaskularis telinga dalam dibutuhkan untuk perkembangan koklea
Vitiligo dan
Audiologi
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Interaksi
Vitiligo koroid primer proses idiopatik• Vitiligo koroid
sekunder post inflamasi; sindrom Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada
Vitiligo dan Koroid
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Interaksi
IFN induksi antibodi antimelanosit atau aktivasi sel (sel T sitotoksik) terhadap melanosit
Vitiligo dan
Interferon
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Interaksi
Kadar 25-hidroksivitamin D < 15 ng/ml memicu autoimun
Vitiligo dan
Vitamin D
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DIAGNOSISDAN
PILIHAN TERAPI
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