Jurnal Angkasa

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Makalah Penelitian Ardi Cahyonofacebook.com/ardi.cahyono

Transcript of Jurnal Angkasa

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ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK AERODINAMIKA PADA MODEL NOSE ROKET KECEPATAN SUPERSONIK DENGAN SIMULASI COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS-FLUENT Vicky Kurnia Sari, Moh.Ardi Cahyono Jurusan Teknik Penerbangan Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Adisutjipto Yogyakarta Jl.Janti Blok R Lanud Adisutjipto Yogyakarta [email protected] [email protected] Abstact An aerodynamic characteristic is a very important thing in the field of aerodynamics applications intended to obtain the aerodynamicss shape. The research done on the nose of rocket, Tangent Ogive Type at supersonic speed uses simulation of computational fluids dynamics CFD (Fluent) with determination of air flow conditions that occur on the surface of the rocket nose for get a shock wave. The purpose of simulation is to find characteristics of air flow conditions on rocket nose when shock wave occur through analysis of shock wave visualization of contour mach number, temperature, pressure and air density and teoritically calculation of shock wave angle, pressure, mach number, temperature and air density of air flow in the rear shock wave from variation mach number between 1 5 Mach and flow condition on altitude of 10 km or 32,808 ft, at temperature of 232.252 Kelvin and pressure 26,501 Pa (Standard Atmosphere), that know the higher velocity flow hence the smaller the shock wave angle, pressure, temperature and air density increase in the rear shock wave. Keywords: Aerodynamics, Nose, Supersonic, Shock Wave, Tangent Ogive, CFD Intisari Karakteristik aerodinamika merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting dalam bidang aplikasi aerodinamika yang ditujukan untuk mendapakan bentuk benda yang aerodinamis. Penelitian aerodinamika dilakukan pada nose roket jenis Tangent Ogive pada kecepatan supersonik. Dalam penelitian ini, karakteristik aerodinamika dilakukan dengan simulasi CFD(Fluent) dengan penentuan kondisi aliran udara yang terjadi pada permukaan nose roket untuk mendapatkan bentuk shock wave yang terbentuk pada nose roket tersebut. Tujuan dari pensimulasian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik aliran udara pada nose roket ketika fenomena shock wave terjadi melalui analisa visualisasi dari kontur bilangan mach, temperatur, tekanan dan kerapatan udara serta perhitungan secara teoritis

kondisi aliran udara di belakang gelombang kejut pada variasi bilangan mach antara 1- 5 Mach dengan kondisi aliran pada ketinggian 10 km atau 32,808 ft, pada temperature 223.252 Kelvin dan tekana udara 26,501 Pa (Standar Atmosfer), bahwa diketahui semakin tinggi kecepatan aliran maka sudut gelombang kejut yang terbentuk akan semakin kecil, sedangkan tekanan statik, temperatur statik dan kerapatan udara meningkat di Belakang shock wave. Kata kunci : Aerodinamika, Nose, Supersonic, Shock Wave, Tangent Ogive, CFD 1 PENDAHULUAN

Kondisi real suatu karakteristik aerodinamika, aliran fluida yang melewati suatu benda bersifat tak tunak (unsteady) karena dipengaruhi gesekan yang terjadi antara fluida dan benda, sehingga terjadi peningkatan temperatur statik, tekanan statik, kerapatan udara di suatu titik stagnasi secara tiba-tiba seiring dengan meningkatnya bilangan mach. Peningkatan ini mengakibatkan munculnya fenomena aerodinamika yang dinamakan gelombang kejut (shock wave) yaitu gelombang aliran yang sangat cepat dengan ketebalan lapisan 10-5cm dikarenakan kenaikan temperatur, tekanan dan kerapatan udara secara tiba-tiba. Bagi desainer roket, perancangan nose pada model roket sangat membutuhkan analisa dan pertimbangan lebih untuk mengetahui karakteristik aerodinamikanya. Hal dilakukan karena nose merupakan bagian dari roket yang paling awal dikenai aliran udara dan dengan konstruksinya sedemikianrupa akan berpotensi besar menciptakan gelombang kejut (shock wave) yang akan mempengaruhi struktur roket. Bentuk nose roket bermacam-macam bentuknya, dalam penelitian ini, akan dilakukan pengujian dengan model nose roket dengan tipe nose yaitu Tangent Ogive untuk diketahui bagaimana bentuk shock wave yang terjadi dan dilakukan juga perhitungan teoritisnya.

Gambar 1-1 Bentuk Nose Tangent Ogive

2

METODOGI PENELITIAN

2.1 Geometri Nose Tangent Ogive Gambar 1-1 menunjukkan geometri model nose yang akan diuji. Dimensi pada nose dibagi menjadi 4 bagian, yaitu diameter base nose (D), diameter tip nose (T), radius tangensi dari dua kurva atau lingkaran (R) dan panjang dari tip nose sampai base nose (L). Dimensi yang diketahui L=60cm, D=30cm dan T=10cm. Untuk

mencari radius, digunakan persamaan (2-2) diperoleh R=185cm.

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020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202eeef02020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202ffff040000002701ffff030000 000000 (2-7)

2.2.2 Persamaan Kondisi Untuk Gelombang Kejut Miring (Oblique Shock Wave)

Gambar 2-3 Bentuk Streamline aliran di depan dan belakang Oblique Shock Wave Untuk menghitung sudut oblique yang terbentuk dapat digunakan persamaan dibawah ini: (2-8)

Untuk menghitung bilangan mach di belakang shock wave, dengan

persamaan dibawah ini: M n ,1 = M 1 sin 2 M n, 2

1 2 1+ M n ,1 2 = 2 1 M n ,1 2

(2-9)

(2-10)

010009000003960a00000000710a00000000 0400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c0227006f000 30000001e000400000007010400710a0000410b2000cc0026006e0000 00000026006e0000000000280000006e000000260000000100080000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffff ff00fefefe00bffefe0000007400df9c4800489cdf0074000000fefebf0048 484800bf7400009cdffe000000480048000000fedf9c004874bf00749c9 c009c480000fefedf00dffefe0048489c00487474009c4874009cdfdf007 40048000074bf00bf744800480074009cbf9c009c484800dffedf00