Junior Ranger Adventure · Look through the exhibits at the Chickamauga Battlefeld Visitor Center...
Transcript of Junior Ranger Adventure · Look through the exhibits at the Chickamauga Battlefeld Visitor Center...
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park Service National Military Park U.S. Department of the Interior
Junior Ranger
JUNIOR RANGER
ADVENTURE
The National Park Service, an agency of the United States Department of the Interior, protects many special places in all 50 United States and its territories. Within the boundaries of national park sites are special natural, historical, cultural and recreational resources. The National Park
Service preserves and protects each of these sites so visitors today and those who visit in the future may enjoy, unimpaired, these special places.
Many national park sites ofer Junior Ranger programs. These fun and educational activities provide young visitors an opportunity to learn more about the resources preserved and protected at each national park site. We encourage you to participate in Junior Ranger
activities on each visit to a national park.
You can also go online at www.nps.gov/webrangers and become a Web Ranger.
This Junior Ranger Adventure book was made possible by the generous support of America’s National Parks.
Images are courtesy of the National Park Service, Library of Congress, National Archives, Native Trees of Georgia, and the Alabama Department of Archives and History.
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Thank you for visiting Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park. 2
TO BE A JUNIOR RANGER
Junior Rangers always explore You can go on a hike.
Junior Rangers Are always learning You can attend a Ranger Program.
Junior Rangers help protect the park You can share your experience with others.
» Explore the park! Be sure you and your family think about safety. Keep your distance from wildlife, stay on trails, and avoid hazards like steep slopes and rocks.
» Complete all the activities on the required pages which are marked with an arrowhead.
» You pick! Choose the rest of your activities based on your age.
Ages 6 and younger Complete 3 activities
Ages 7-11 Complete 6 activities
Ages 12 and older Complete 9 activities
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THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
Welcome to Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park! The National Park Service (NPS) includes over 400 places of national importance. Each site may be important because of its natural, cultural, or historical resources
- or sometimes even all three!
Each location within the park is This is the nation’s frst national called a “unit,” and each unit is part military park, established of the NPS - just like a family tree! August 19, 1890.
What other National Park Service sites have you visited? List some below. If you have not visited any other parks, list some you would like to visit.
National Parks
National Monuments
National Historic
Sites National MilitaryParks
National Seashores
National Recreation
Areas
And even more!
National Parkways
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Check out the visitor centers at Chickamauga and Lookout Mountain Battlefelds, then get out and enjoy a car tour or hike! You will learn about the places below
as you complete the book.
Signal Point Find out about the park’s
smallest unit on pp. 26
Moccasin Bend Explore American Indian
history and other park-related stories on pp. 27
Lookout Mountain See pp. 20-23 to learn about the Battle Above the Clouds
Orchard Knob Scout the site of Grant’s
headquarters during the Battle of Missionary Ridge pp. 24
Chickamauga See pp. 12-18 to learn about the events at Chickamauga
Missionary Ridge Learn how the Battles for
Chattanooga ended pp. 25
Did you Know? Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Military Park is also the largest national military park!
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NATIONAL PARK BINGO Part of a park ranger’s job is to help visitors experience and learn about the park. Track your experiences by playing Bingo with the board below. Get four in a row or try for a blackout! Can you get them all?
Hike a trail Take a picture with a
state monument
Collect the park stamp:
Locate a monument smaller than you
Find the tallest monument in the Find the NPS logo
Find a tablet & write a colonel’s name:
park
Meet a ranger or volunteer
Name a family who lived on the Touch
Find a monument taller
View the battlefeld: than you orientation flm at
Chickamauga a cannon
(but do not climb!)
Find an acorn on a monument. What is
the regiment?
High-fve a ranger!
Travel along a Trail of Tears route
View the Walker painting at
Lookout Mountain
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_______________________________
_______________________________
__________________________________
_______________________________________________
WHERE ARE YOU? Visitors come from all over the United States and the world. Shade in your state on the map.
If you are not from the United States, write the name of your country below.
___________________________________________
What state are you in now?
What is the name of the battlefeld you are currently visiting?
In which other state does the park also exist?
What is the name of another site that is a part of this park?
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PICK YOUR RANGER
Interpretive Park Rangers share the park’s stories with visitors. They teach people about the park and its resources. They work at the visitor centers and lead activities like tours,
hikes, and bicycle rides.
When you visit a park, you may see rangers, volunteers, or other park employees. There are many jobs to do in the park. Here are a few of the jobs you can do:
Resource Management Employees are here to rehabilitate cultural resources like tablets,
monuments, markers, and cannon. They also work to restore the battlefeld landscape to its
1863 condition.
Design a ranger and you will be ready for the new job!
Law Enforcement Rangers are the park’s police. These rangers drive the roads, climb the
mountains, foat the river, and can be found almost anywhere in between.
Facilities & Maintenance Employees are responsible for maintaining the
buildings and grounds within the park. They mow the lawns, maintain the trails, and keep the
visitor areas clean.
What Job Would You Want?
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LEARN WITH A RANGER
» Attend a ranger-led program.
» After attending the program, get the ranger’s signature on this page and answer the questions below.
Program Title: __________________________________________________________
Date: _______________________
Ranger Signature: _______________________________________________________
What was the program about?
What is one thing you learned?
If you were a ranger, what would you teach during a program?
Did you Know? The U.S. War Department used Chickamauga Battlefeld to train soldiers in trench warfare during world War I.
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FINISH THE MAP
This map shows the diferent locations of the park, however, it is missing its labels. Use your brochure to match the letters on the map to the list on the right.
A
D
B
F
C
E
_____ Orchard Knob
_____ Signal Point
_____ Missionary Ridge
_____ Moccasin Bend
_____ Chickamauga Battlefeld
_____ Lookout Mountain
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ember 1
8-20, 1
863
ember 23, 1
863
24, 1863
ember 25, 1
863
t 19, 1
890
l 1861
l 1865
VEMBER
ugus
1838 ri rivSept
Ap vo Ap ANO
NoN
TIMELINE OF EVENTS
When did these events occur? Put them in chronological order on the timeline below.
B. Battle of Missionary Ridge
C. Beginning of the Civil War
H. Trail of Tears
A. Fighting at Orchard Knob
D. Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park established E. Battle of Chickamauga
G. Battle of Lookout Mountain
F. End of the Civil War
1816: John Ross establishes Ross’s Landing on the Today’s Date: banks of the Tennessee River
_____________________
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_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
THE BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA On the morning of September 18, 1863, a ferce battle began at Chickamauga. Soldiers from multiple Southern and Northern states fought throughout the felds and forests. When the battle ended, on September 20, the fght cost the armies over 34,000 casualties.
Name the state to which the fag corresponds.
Did you Know? Tennessee, Missouri, Maryland, and Kentucky had soldiers fghting on both sides during the Chattanooga Campaign.
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______________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
__________________________
________________________
MUSEUM SCAVENGER HUNT
Look through the exhibits at the Chickamauga Battlefeld Visitor Center to fnd the following items. Use the information accompanying the item to answer the questions.
A wagon in the visitor center displays this text.
What is this type of wagon called?
This Spencer Repeating Rife is located in the Fuller Gun Collection.
In what years was it made for the army?
According to this poster, when did the Blue and Gray Barbecue take place?
Trees like this could be found all over the battlefeld.
What are in the trees?
His defense of Snodgrass Hill made this general famous.
What is his name?
Confederates captured this fag during the Battle of Chickamauga.
On what day was the fag captured?
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________________________________
WHY DO YOU SEE ACORNS? It was not always easy to keep track of your own soldiers during the Civil War. Union forces began adopting badges after the Battle of Gettysburg. The Army of the Potomac brought badges to Chattanooga when reinforcements arrived in late 1863.
After the war, veterans of the XIV Corps determined to memorialize their stand at Chickamauga. As they erected monuments, they chose to include the acorn.
Connect the dots to reveal the shape seen on many monuments in the park.
Find at least one monument with this shape on the battlefeld and write the regiment below:
“If I had command of the Fourteenth Corps, which stood frm as an oak at Chickamauga, I would give it the acorn for a badge in honor of its bravery.” - Gen. D. Butterfeld
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WHERE DO YOU SEE ACORNS? Acorns are not just found on the monuments but also in the forests! Look around to see if you can fnd any of the leaves on this page.
Circle any of the leaves you fnd!
Willow Oak
Scarlet Oak
Chestnut Oak White Oak
Southern Red Oak Post Oak
Did you Know? Soldiers in the Chattanooga Campaign used a star and a crescent moon as badges. The acorn was adopted the following year.
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TOUR STOP 4 - BROTHERTON CABIN
The Brotherton family was one of several families living here when the Civil War began. They settled in the area in the 1860s and continued to live here after the war. Members of the family took diferent roles during and after the battle.
Use the wayside exhibit “War comes to the Brothertons” to determine their roles.
He was a Confederate soldier who served as a
scout during the Battle of
Chickamauga. He was the patriarch of
the family who worked in the felds to grow corn and hay.
He was a Confederate soldier and
younger brother of
Thomas. He returned home after the war.
She was the matriarch of the family who had eight kids! She hid in a nearby ravine during
the battle.
She milked the family cows and gave the milk to
wounded Union and
Confederate soldiers.
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FIND YOUR WAY Mary Brotherton fed with her family to a nearby ravine during the battle.
Help Mary fnd her way home.
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TOUR STOP 8 - SNODGRASS HILL
Some of the fercest fghting on September 20, 1863, took place on the ridges surrounding the Snodgrass’ house. The family, like the Brothertons, fed for their safety. They did not know if their home would survive the battle. It eventually became a feld hospital.
Walk through the monuments on the ridge near the house. If you fnd a monument for any of the regiments listed in the diagram, shade in the shape.
When you fnish, you will see the name of another family who lived near here during the battle!
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AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE
Early in the war, Thomas Cole, an enslaved African American, ran away from his master. In September 1863, he fought at Chickamauga. During the battle, the cannon he manned fred upon Confederate soldiers of the 4th Alabama, including Robert Cole, his former master’s son.
Robert Cole
As the Union Army occupied Chattanooga, their presence attracted African Americans eager to escape slavery.
Camp Contraband, located on the Tennessee River’s north shore, became a place of refuge for many escaping the evils of slavery. In 1864, Hubbard Pryor escaped a Georgia plantation and made his way to Chattanooga. He ultimately enlisted in the 44th United States Hubbard Pryor Hubbard Pryor Colored Troops. (before enlisting) (after enlisting)
What types of jobs do you think African Americans held before the war?
What types of jobs do you think they held during the war?
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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA Following the Battle of Chickamauga, Confederates occupied the heights surrounding Chattanooga in an efort to starve the Union Army. Breaking open a supply line, the Union Army set the stage for the Battles of Chattanooga, November 23, 24 and 25. These battles determined the fate of Chattanooga and its armies.
Finish the code and then use it to decipher the message indicating important information to the Confederate Army about the upcoming battle.
A B 6
C D E 9
F G H 12
I J K 15
L 16
M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 19 20 21 23 26 3 4
25 18 13 19 18 10 19 22 7 9 23 5 24
24 12 9 6 5 23 9 19 10 24 12 9
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ . 17 19 25 18 24 5 13 18
Did you Know? The Union Signal Corps was able to break Confederate codes prior to the Battle of Lookout Mountain.
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THE BATTLES FOR CHATTANOOGA After the Battle of Missionary Ridge, General Ulysses S. Grant and the Union Army took control of Chattanooga. Photographers and artists, like James Walker, used the slopes of the mountain as their landscape. They spent their time painting, photographing, and drawing vistas, people, and events throughout the area.
Check out James Walker’s painting, The Battle of Lookout Mountain, in the Lookout Mountain Battlefeld Visitor Center, then complete the facts and create your own drawing.
• The painting is ________ feet high and ________ feet wide.
• The ofcer on the white horse is General ________________________________
Use this space to imitate Walker and sketch a memory from your own life. Don’t forget to sign and date your masterpiece!
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OCHS MEMORIAL OBSERVATORY Walk to Ochs Memorial Observatory inside Point Park and explore the exhibits to fnd the words that complete the following sentences. Then, fnd those words in the word search on the next page.
1. One of the most notable uses of Civil War ____________________ occurred during the 1863 Chattanooga campaign.
2. A ________________ disk was used to encode and decode messages sent back and forth to army headquarters.
3. In late September 1863, the Confederate Army under General Braxton _________________ laid siege to the Union Army in Chattanooga
4. Arriving in Chattanooga October 23, 1863, General Ulysses S. Grant assumed command of the newly formed Military Division of the _____________________________.
5. The supply line opened by the Union Army into Chattanooga was known as the ___________________ Line.
6. Looking north from Point Lookout, the Tennessee River makes a sweeping, clockwise loop around ________________________ Bend.
7. The creek that runs along the west side of the mountain is known as _______________________ Creek.
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8. The photography studio that once sat on Point Lookout was established by Union Army photographer Robert Michael ______________________.
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ORCHARD KNOB Orchard Knob was the site of a brief battle on November 23, 1863, between General George Thomas’ Union forces and Confederates under General Braxton Bragg. It later served as General Ulysses S. Grant’s headquarters during the Battle of Missionary Ridge.
Imagine what you might have seen from Orchard Knob, then write your own acrostic poem (using the frst letter of each line to spell a word or phrase) using each of the letters from ORCHARD KNOB.
ORCHARDKNOB
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MISSIONARY RIDGE Missionary Ridge held strategic importance since it overlooked Chattanooga. On November 25, 1863, Union troops stormed the ridge. As the troops climbed the ridge, they faced fre from entrenched Confederates.
One ofcer involved in the fghting was Lieutenant Arthur MacArthur of Wisconsin. He picked up his regiment’s fag and shouted, “On Wisconsin!” as his soldiers followed him to the ridge’s crest. MacArthur earned the Medal of Honor for his actions on Missionary Ridge.
Use this space to create your own medal
Civil War Medal of Honor
Congressional Medal of Honor (Army)
Who would be awarded your medal and why?
Did you Know? Missionary Ridge received its name from the Brainerd Mission, established for the Cherokee during the early 1800s.
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SIGNAL POINT The Union Army used Signal Point to relay signal messages from Chattanooga to Bridgeport, Alabama. Before the Civil War, Albert Meyer invented a system called Wig-Wag. Both Union and Confederate armies used this system during the war.
Use the image and chart to translate the message given by the signal fag sequence.
What does the message say? _____________________________________
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___ ___ ___ ___ ___
___
Civil
Paleo
MOCCASIN BEND Use the word bank on the left to fll in the missing words in the paragraph below to learn more about Moccasin Bend National Archeological District.
LOCATED IN A BEND ALONG THETENNESSEERIVER, INCHATTANOOGA, Trail MOCCASIN BEND NATIONAL ARCHEOLOGICAL DISTRICT IS A UNIQUE
LANDSCAPE THAT PRESERVES THOUSANDS OF YEARS OF HUMAN
HISTORY. TWELVE THOUSAND YEARS AGO, ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ -INDIANS MADE THEIR HOME ON MOCCASIN BEND. IN THE FOLLOWING
MILLENNIA, ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___, WOODLAND AND
MISSISSIPPIAN INDIANS MADE THEIR HOMES ALONG THE FERTILE
BANKS OF MOCCASIN BEND. FIRST CONTACT WITH EUROPEANS CAME
Army
Archaic
Spanish
Chero ee
WITH THE ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___IN THE 1540S. THREE HUNDRED YEARS LATER THE AREA WAS HOME TO THE
___ ___ ___ INDIANS, WHO WERE FORCED
FROM THEIR HOMES BY THE UNITED STATES ON THE
___ ___ ___ OF TEARS
___ , PARTS OF WHICH PASSED ACROSS
MOCCASIN BEND. DURING THE
___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ WAR, THE
UNION ___ ___ ___ USED MOCCASIN BEND FOR ARTILLERY
POSITIONS AND AS A SUPPLY SOURCE.
Unscramble the circled letters to answer the question: What food item became the name for the US supply line across Moccasin Bend?
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 27
SUGGESTED HISTORIC HIKES Civilian Conservation Corps
The CCC began as part of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal in 1933. Its purpose was to lessen unemployment while improving the country.
Camp Demaray, built on lookout Mountain, can still be seen, in ruins, near the intersection of the Rife Pits and Upper Truck Trails.
Women’s Army Corps
In 1943, Chickamauga Battlefeld became home to the Third WAC Training Center. While assigned to Fort Oglethorpe, thousands of women trained at Chickamauga, including the 6888th Postal Company. The “sixtriple8” is recognized as the only female African American battalion to serve overseas during World War II.
The trails to the southwest of the Chickamauga Battlefeld Visitor Center lead through the WAC camp locations. It is still possible to see some of the training center’s concrete foundations in the forest.
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HIKING JOURNAL Pick up a trail map from the information desk and choose a hiking trail to explore on Lookout Mountain or Chickamauga Battlefeld. During your hike, be on the lookout for the following features:
Document something you see:
Describe something you touch:
Did you Know? The park is home to several species of endangered wildfowers.
Record something you hear:
Name something you smell:
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Conclusions Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park began as an efort by Civil War veterans to preserve this ground for future generations. Since that time, additional lands and stories have been added, expanding the park’s reaches beyond the Civil War.
The National Park Service continues to preserve the landscape, monuments, tablets, and stories associated with the park as a whole. However, this cannot be done alone. What role will you play in this park’s history?
Do you think parks should be protected for future visitors?
Yes No (circle one)
Why?
Name one fact you learned while visiting the park today:
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Printed: September 2019
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_______________________________________
CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA
NATIONAL MILITARY PARK
CERTIFICATE OF ACHIEVEMENT
HAS HEREBY BEEN GRANTED THE TITLE OF JUNIOR RANGER AT CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL MILTARY PARK
JR RANGER SIGNATURE: _________________________
RANGER SIGNATURE: ___________________________
DATE:_______________________