June 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA Hard Shoulder Running (HSR) in the Netherlands Bert Helleman...
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Transcript of June 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA Hard Shoulder Running (HSR) in the Netherlands Bert Helleman...
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA
Hard Shoulder Running (HSR) in the Netherlands
Bert HellemanSenior Consultant Smart roads and ATMSAVV Transport Research Centre
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 2
• Introduction and background• Design & Lay out • Additional facilities• Innovative instruments
• Research and practice• HSR and incident management
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Content
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 3
• Introduction and background• Design & Lay out • Additional facilities• Innovative instruments
• Research and practice• HSR and incident management
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 4
1994: strong growth congestion and increasing network failures
Traffic policy: maintenance, more efficient use, road widening
1995: Traffic Management Program 1995 – 2000
Traffic management: from experiments to large programme
2003: Traffic management is usual business
2004 - 2007: program ZSM (hard shoulder running) and regional
traffic management (area approach)
Incidental bottlenecks(until ± 1970)
Some structural bottlenecks(1970 - 1985)
‘Overall’ bottlenecks during peak hours (1985 - 1995)
Threat to Network function (today)
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Introduction & background
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 5
1994: strong growth congestion and increasing network failures
Traffic policy: maintenance, more efficient use, road widening
1995: Traffic Management Program 1995 – 2000
Traffic management: from experiments to large programme
2003: Traffic management is usual business
2004 - 2007: program ZSM (hard shoulder running) and regional
traffic management (area approach)
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Introduction & background
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 6
• Improve infrastructure (missing links in road
network)
• Improve utilization (HSR, planning road
works, IM)
• Improve procedures (rush act)
• Improve input from road users (periodic road user
polls)
Introduction & background
Main issues of ZSM Program
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 7
HSR and plus lanes (planned) ~ 235 km
ZSM program 2004 – 2007
Zwolle
Arnhem
Eindhoven
Rotterdam
The Hague
Amsterdam
Utrecht
HSR and plus lanes (in use) ~ 150 km
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Introduction & background
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 8
• flexroad(dynamic cross section)
• plus lane(variable left lane)
• HSR(hard shoulder use)
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Introduction & backgroundVariable cross section3 basic concepts
Common practice
Future?
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 9
• flexroad(dynamic cross section)
• plus lane(variable left lane)
• HSR(hard shoulder use)
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Introduction & backgroundVariable cross section3 basic concepts
Common practice
Future?
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 10
• Introduction and background
• Design & Lay out of HSR• Additional facilities• HSR and incident management
• Research and practice• Innovative instruments
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 11
• Starting position = Situation outside peak hours
- self explaining standard Motorway cross section
• Adoption of ‘German’ solution:
- Special sign (provision of law)
- Continuous marking line
- Use of VMS-lane signs only during peak hours
(and temporary in case of incidents)
Spitsstrookopen
100
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsDesign & Lay out of HSR lanes
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 12
PeakOff Peak
Variable lane signs on gantries
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsDesign & Lay out of HSR lanes
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 13
Variable HSR Sign with speed limit
PeakOff Peak
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Design & Lay out of HSR lanes
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 14
Off Peak
Peak
Variable route signing of HSR lane at exit
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsDesign & Lay out of HSR lanes
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 15
Off Peak
Peak
Two stage merging to/from link roads
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsDesign & Lay out of HSR lanes
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 16Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsDesign & Lay out of HSR lanes
A ride on the A50
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 17
• Introduction and background• Design & Lay out
• Additional facilities• Innovative instruments
• Research and practice• HSR and incident management
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 18
• MTM system (overhead lane signs)
• ERA’s (Emergency Refuge Areas)
• Speed reduction at times of HSR
• Variable Route signs at junctions
• Advanced Incident Detection
• CCTV surveillance
• Incident Management
• Public lighting
Additional facilities
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 19
Additional facilities
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
• Average use 185 / 106 veh.km
• Approx. 90% used as a ‘parking place’ (5% real break down)
• Great impact of distance between refuge areas.
• Very few accidents caused by breakdown vehicles but … - great severity of accidents (2 - 3 times)
- particular at dawn/night conditions (70%)
Source:“Einsatzkriterien für Nothaltebuchten” University Bochum Hanno Bäumer (2002)
German Research on ERA’s (Emergency Refuge Areas)
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 20
Low volume traffic
High volume traffic
Missing eventsFalse alarms Compromise !
Incident detection: Main Objectives
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
1. Safety prevention of (secondary) accidents (fast protection of breakdown vehicles)
2. Accessibility for emergency services(fast clearing lanes)
Additional facilities
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 21
Incident detection: history
Earlier system (dense loop detector system with speed threshold)
- very expensive (about 35% of total costs)
- many false alarms in case of heavy traffic flows (slow moving vehicles)
Present system:
- AID (proven system) and blockade loop detector (optimising)
- Mobile phones 112 (problem: location verification)
Future:
- Testing other (reliable) techniques (some scepticism on video detection)
- New technics e-call (perfect location verification)
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsAdditional facilities
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 22
1
2
3
4
Loop detectors
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Incident detection: road blockade detector
15 – 20 km/u
80 – 120 km/u
Dro
p in t
raffi
c flow
dow
nst
ream
(wit
h c
heck
on d
ow
nst
ream
sp
eed)
• Promising algorithm, now to be tested in real-time• Relies on steady flow, unreliable at low traffic
volumes• Hard shoulder running implies ‘high’ volumes
Alternatives:• Infra red, Video detection• Slow vehicle detection (with or without filtering)have their own drawbacks
Additional facilities
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 23Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
• Introduction and background• Design & Lay out • Additional facilities
• Innovative instruments
• Research and practice• HSR and incident management
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 24
From development ……….... to ………..…. large application
Road user Pilots
Technical tests
DTM projects
From closed ….………. to …………….. open market
A15 (1999)A12 (2001)A44 (2003)TC-AVV (2004)
A50 (HSR)A2 (Lane closure)(2004/2005)
Go
/ no
go
???
To be defined
Prelimenary demands
Requirements
Innovative instruments: dynamic road marking
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 25
Innovative instruments
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Dynamic road marking (DRM)
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 26
vluchtstrook
Off peak
Innovative instruments
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Application DRM: flexible HSR exit
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 27
HSR lane
peak
Innovative instruments
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Application DRM: flexible HSR exit
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 28
• Introduction and background• Design & Lay out • Additional facilities• Innovative instruments
• Research and practice• HSR and incident management
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 29Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Research and Practice
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Rijbaanintensiteit (mvt/u)
Rijs
tro
oka
an
de
el %
links rechts spitsstrook
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Rijbaanintensiteit (mvt/u)
Rijs
troo
kaan
deel
%
left lane middle lane right lanelinks midden rechts
HSR A2 6-lane Motorway
Lane occupation HSR
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 30Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Research and Practice
Traffic safety
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
A15HSR
A27HSR
A28HSR
A50HSR
A4 Plus A27Plus
Locations with peak hour lanes
Acc
iden
t ri
sc (
acc
/ 10
6 v
ehkm
)
all before
all after
injury before
injury after
Note:
Figures are based on “simple”HSR lanes between two junctions. New HSR lanes will go over junctions and are therefore more complex.
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 31
• Quick scan on every new HSR project - Critical view on design (compliance in off peak)- Possible constrains in IM (accessibility emergency services)- Working processes in TMC (check on protocols)
• National evaluation of ZSM-program - Effects on accessibility- Effects on safety- Evaluation of process (organisation)
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Research and Practice
Monitoring and evaluation
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 32
• Introduction and background• Design & Lay out • Additional facilities• Innovative instruments
• Research and practice• HSR and incident management
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 33Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsHSR and Incident management
Organisation & Incident management
• SLA’s (between road manger and emergency authorities)
• Guidelines IM and protocols on HSR lanes (for TMC)
• Calamity schemes (Legislation)
• Central towing turn out
• Key role for TMC (spider in web)
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 34
Practice:
Incident on a HSR section
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsHSR and Incident management
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 35Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsHSR and Incident management
Situation: HSR in operation
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 36
incid
ent
Incident occurs: accident on HSR lane
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsHSR and Incident management
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 37
70
50
50
50
A.I.D.(tailback warning)
incid
ent
70
70
50
50
50
AID system activated (speed drops under 35 km/u)
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsHSR and Incident management
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 38
50
50
50
50
70
70
70
incid
ent
Red X measure
50
50
Action TMC operator: protection Incident location
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsHSR and Incident management
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 39
50
50
incid
ent
50
50
70
70
50
50
50
50
50
50
Extended Red X measure
Action TMC operator: clearing HSR lane
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsHSR and Incident management
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 40
50
50
incid
ent
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
Settlement incident and traffic control by police on location
50
50
70
70
70
Action Emergency vehicles: Acces via HSR lane
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlandsHSR and Incident management
june 13-14, 2006
Scanning tour FHWA 41
Thanks for your attention !
Any questions ?
Hard Shoulder Running in the Hard Shoulder Running in the NetherlandsNetherlands