Jump StartJump Start• Check your grades.Check your grades.• TURN IN late “Observing Vertebrate Skeletons”TURN IN late “Observing Vertebrate Skeletons”• TURN IN the “Muscle/Foot Model” Activity from TURN IN the “Muscle/Foot Model” Activity from

yesterdayyesterday

• For a participation point, write the corresponding For a participation point, write the corresponding term for each on your slate:term for each on your slate:• This muscle tissue allows for involuntary movements; This muscle tissue allows for involuntary movements;

among different places it can be found, the digestive among different places it can be found, the digestive track is one placetrack is one place

• The heart beat is what type of muscle movement?The heart beat is what type of muscle movement?• When muscle fibers are moving across each other, your When muscle fibers are moving across each other, your

muscles are said to be doing what?muscles are said to be doing what?

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics

1.1. supplies body’s cells with supplies body’s cells with nutrientsnutrients and and oxygenoxygen

2.2. removes removes carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide and other and other wasteswastes

3.3. helps fight helps fight diseasedisease

4.4. 4-6 liters4-6 liters of blood in the human body of blood in the human body

StructureStructure

• HeartHeart – myocardium (thick muscle layers of – myocardium (thick muscle layers of the heart) contracts to pump blood into the the heart) contracts to pump blood into the arteries and to the rest of the bodyarteries and to the rest of the body

StructureStructure• Sinoatrial (SA) nodeSinoatrial (SA) node – group of cardiac muscle – group of cardiac muscle

cells start the contraction and cause heart muscle cells start the contraction and cause heart muscle cells of the atria to contract togethercells of the atria to contract together

• The The pacemakerpacemaker of the heart of the heart

• Atrioventricular (AV) nodeAtrioventricular (AV) node – similar group of – similar group of muscle cells causing the cells of the ventricles to muscle cells causing the cells of the ventricles to contractcontract

• Two beats together make the characteristic “lub-dub” Two beats together make the characteristic “lub-dub” heartbeat soundheartbeat sound

StructureStructure

• ArteriesArteries – blood vessels with thick walls – blood vessels with thick walls• Carry blood Carry blood awayaway from the heart from the heart• Blood pressure (Blood pressure (force of blood on wallsforce of blood on walls) is felt in ) is felt in

arteriesarteries

• CapillariesCapillaries – smallest vessels (walls are one cell – smallest vessels (walls are one cell thick)thick)

• Bring Bring nutrientsnutrients and and oxygenoxygen to cells and absorb to cells and absorb carbon carbon dioxidedioxide and and wasteswastes

• Blood cells are carried Blood cells are carried single filesingle file

StructureStructure

• VeinsVeins – blood vessels with thin walls and – blood vessels with thin walls and valves to valves to prevent backflowprevent backflow

• Carry blood Carry blood towardtoward the heart the heart

Capillaries of head and arms

Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs

Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary vein

Capillaries of right lung

Superior vena cava Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Capillaries of left lung

• BloodBlood – connective tissue that is half fluid – connective tissue that is half fluid ((plasmaplasma) and half ) and half blood cellsblood cells

1.1. Transport of oxygen carried by Transport of oxygen carried by hemoglobinhemoglobin in in red red blood cellsblood cells

2.2. Guard against infection (Guard against infection (white blood cellswhite blood cells))

3.3. Production of Production of antibodiesantibodies ( (lymphocyteslymphocytes))

4.4. Blood clotting (Blood clotting (plateletsplatelets))

BloodBlood

Blood (con’t)Blood (con’t)

5. Lymphatic systemLymphatic system – collects lymph (fluid – collects lymph (fluid that leaks from blood into surrounding that leaks from blood into surrounding tissues) and returns it to the bloodtissues) and returns it to the blood

• AbsorbsAbsorbs nutrients nutrients• FightsFights infections infections

Cardiovascular DiseaseCardiovascular Disease

• Cardiovascular DiseaseCardiovascular Disease – diseases of the – diseases of the circulatory systemcirculatory system

• HypertensionHypertension = high blood pressure; caused by = high blood pressure; caused by buildup of fatty deposits in arteries buildup of fatty deposits in arteries

• AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis = caused by build up of plaque = caused by build up of plaque• Blood clotsBlood clots and blockage of and blockage of arteriesarteries block blood flow block blood flow

to heart muscle cells (causing to heart muscle cells (causing heart attacksheart attacks) and to ) and to brain cells (causing brain cells (causing strokesstrokes))

Review:Review:

• Immune systemImmune system protects the body from protects the body from invasion of pathogensinvasion of pathogens

• White blood cellsWhite blood cells (lymphocytes, (lymphocytes, macrophages, T-cells, B-cells, and macrophages, T-cells, B-cells, and antibodies) are also components of the antibodies) are also components of the circulatory systemcirculatory system