What factors influence us in What factors influence us in making judgment about others?. making judgment about others?. What are the common errors we What are the common errors we What are the common errors we What are the common errors we make in judging other people’s make in judging other people’s

behaviors?. behaviors?.

Organizational Behavior / Perception 2

What Is Perception, and Why Is It What Is Perception, and Why Is It Important?Important?What Is Perception, and Why Is It What Is Perception, and Why Is It Important?Important?

••People’s behavior is People’s behavior is based on their based on their perception of what perception of what

Perception

A process by which

individuals organize and

interpret their sensory

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perception of what perception of what reality is, not on reality is, not on reality itself.reality itself.

••The world as it is The world as it is perceived is the world perceived is the world that is behaviorally that is behaviorally important.important.

interpret their sensory

impressions in order to

give meaning to their

environment.

Factors influencing perceptionFactors influencing perception

A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. These factors can reside in the perceiver, in the object or can reside in the perceiver, in the object or target being perceived or in the context of the situation in which the perception is made.

factors influence us in factors influence us in making judgmentmaking judgmentfactors influence us in factors influence us in making judgmentmaking judgment

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Factors in the perceiver Factors in the perceiver

� Attitudes

� Motives

� Interest

� Experiences

� Expectations

Factors in the targetFactors in the target

� Novelty

� Motion

� Sounds� Sounds

� Size

� Background

� Proximity

� Similarity

Causes of errors in judgmentsCauses of errors in judgments

� Selective Perception :

People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their

interests, background, experience and attitudes.

� Halo Effect :

Drawing a general impressions about an individual on the basis of a

single characteristics

� Contrast Effect :

Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that are effected by comparisons with

other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same

characteristics.

� Projection :

Attributing one's own characteristics to other people.

� Stereotyping :

Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that

persons belongs.

“ WE DON’T SEE THINGS AS

THEY ARE, WE SEE THINGS THEY ARE, WE SEE THINGS

AS WE ARE.”