J.Sydney Jones & Michael O’Neal - World Religions RL. Cumulative Index

7/28/2019 J.Sydney Jones & Michael ONeal - World Religions RL. Cumulative Index

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World Religions ReferenceLibrary Cumulative Index


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World Religions ReferenceLibrary Cumulative Index

C U M U L A TE S T H E I N D E X E S F O R

W O R L D R E L I G I O N S : A L M A N A C ,

W O R L D R E L I G I O N S : B I O G R A P H I E S , A N D

W O R L D R E L I G I O N S : P R I M A R Y S O U R C E S

Julie L. Carnagie, Index Coordinator


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World Religions Reference Library Cumulative Index

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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

Jones, J. Sydney.World religions reference library / edited by Neil Schlager and Jayne Weisblatt; written

by J. Sydney Jones and Michael ONeal; Nancy Matuszak, content project editor.p. cm. -- (World religions reference library)

Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN-13: 978-1-4144-0227-7 (Almanac : set : alk. paper) --ISBN-10: 1-4144-0227-9 (Almanac : set : alk. paper) --ISBN-13: 978-1-4144-0228-4 (Almanac : vol. 1 : alk. paper) --ISBN10: 1-4144-0228-7 (Almanac : vol. 1 : alk. paper) --[etc.]

1. Religions. I. ONeal, Michael, 1949- II. Schlager, Neil, 1966- III. Weisblatt, Jayne.IV. Title.V. Series.

BL74.J66 2006200--dc22

2006012295

ISBN-13:

978-1-4144-0229-1(Almanac vol. 2)

978-1-4144-0230-7(Biographies set)

978-1-4144-0231-4(Biographies vol. 1)

978-1-4144-0232-1(Biographies vol. 2)

978-1-4144-0232-8(Primary Sources)

978-1-4144-0234-5(Cumulative Index)

ISBN-10:

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1-4144-0230-9(Biographies set)

1-4144-0231-7(Biographies vol. 1)

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Cumulative Index

Bold type indicates set titles, main entries, and their page numbers.Italic type idicates volume numbers. Illustrations are marked by (ill.).

A=World Religions: Almanac, B=World Religions: BiographiesPS=World Religions: Primary Sources

AbbasidsA 2: 298, 299

Abdal-Rahman ibn Muhammadibn Khaldun. See ibn Khaldun

Abd-er-RahmanA 2: 298

Abdu l-BahaA 1: 7374, 76, 79 (ill.)PS 182

Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem

A 2: 300Abdullah, Muhammad Ibn.

See MuhammadAbdullah (son of Muhammad)

B 1: 199Abhaya mudra

A 1: 109Abimelech

B 1: 6Aborigines, creation stories of

PS 3Aborigines (Australia)

A 2: 271Abraham

A 2: 346B 1: 1(ill.), 18PS 24descendants ofB 1: 6

early lifeB 1: 2expulsion from EgyptB 1: 34Gods promises toB 1: 5influence ofB 1: 78role in major religionsB 1: 12similarities with Jesus ChristB 1: 1

Abram. See AbrahamAbstinence

A 1: 141, 142Abu Bakr (caliphh)

A 2: 298, 301B 1: 18, 20PS 29

Abu SufyanB 2: 291

Abu TalibB 1: 18, 200, 201

Abydos (Egypt)A 1: 5859

Academy of PlatoB 2: 316

Achaemenid dynastyA 2: 447

AcharyaB 2: 235

AchyutaprekshaB 2: 235

Active learningB 2: 215

Acts of Paul and TheclaB 2: 302

Acts of the ApostlesA 1: 137B 2: 302

Acupuncture/acupressuretechniquesA 1: 20204

Acupuncture and Daoism

PS 161Adam and Eve

A 1: 220 (ill.)Adi Granth. See Granth SahibAdur Aduran

A 2: 454Advaita Vedanta school

B 2: 239, 240, 38586See also Upanishads

AdventA 1: 140

Adventist doctrinesA 1: 130Aeneid (Virgil)

A 1: 211, 224, 228Aeschylus

A 1: 211Aesir class

A 2: 377

1


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Afghanistan, destruction of sacredart in

A 1: 114Africa, Mother Goddess in

A 1: 7

African Americans, Islam andA 2: 300

African communities,cultural roles in

B 2: 346African indigenous religions

belief in supreme GodA 2: 276overview

A 2: 275Africans, influence on Vodou

A 2: 80Afrinagen ritual

A 2: 45657Afterlife

A 1: 47, 13536Agami Karma

A 2: 263Age of Enlightenment

A 1: 2526Agnosticism (Huxley)

A 1: 32

Agnosticism and AtheismA 1: 1936about

A 1: 22agnosticism

A 1: 28described

A 1: 19weak versus strong

A 1: 3031See also Huxley,

Thomas HenryAgnosticism and Christianity

(Huxley)PS 4

Agnostics, aboutPS 4

Agnostics, number ofA 1: 20

Ahimsa

B 2: 246PS 137, 140

Ahimsa vowA 2: 323

AhrimanPS 189

Ahunavaiti GathaPS 186, 18990

Ahura MazdaA 2: 443, 448 (ill.), 451

Aisha (widow of Muhammad)B 1: 30; 2: 304

AiwisruthremA 2: 456

Ajiva

A 2: 330Akaranga Sutra

A 2: 327, 334PS 121, 137, 138

Akh soulA 1: 47

Akhand Paath ceremonyA 2: 435

AkhenatenA 1: 4445, 4546B 1: 916, 9 (ill.),

13 (ill.)life ofB 1: 10reign ofB 1: 11, 14

Akhenaton. See AkhenatenAkhetaten (city)

B 1: 12, 15 (ill.)Akkad (city)

B 1: 123Akkadians

A 1: 4041B 1: 123

Aktiu festivalA 1: 57

Al-Amin. See MuhammadAlbert Schweitzer International

PrizeB 2: 294

Alchemy and DaoismA 1: 180

Alcohol abstinanceA 1: 110

Al-Din, Salah. See Saladin

Aleinu prayerA 2: 361

AlephA 2: 401

Alexander the GreatA 1: 211, 217; 2: 447B 1: 36 (ill.); 2: 405PS 187See also Aristotle

Alexandria, Egypt, library ofA 1: 217

Ali, Hussain, IbnA 2: 298

Ali, MuhammadA 1: 73, 76

Ali (caliph)A 2: 298

Ali Ab Ibn TalibB 1: 1724death ofB 1: 22early lifeB 1: 18

fourth caliphB 1: 2122Muhammad andB 1: 19, 200succession issueB 1: 1718

Ali Baba and the FortyThieves,

A 2: 320Ali ibn Abi Talib, Hazrat

A 2: 301

Ali Muhammad, SiyyidB 1: 44Ali Muhammad of Shiraz,

Sayyid. See BabAll Hallows Day

A 2: 390All Saints Day

A 2: 390

2 World Religions: Cumulative Index

A F G H A N I S T A N , D E S T R U C T I O N O F S A C R E D A R T I N


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AllahA 2: 30405

Allahs namePS 28 (ill.)

Allegory of the Cave (Plato)

A 1: 229B 2: 31718

Almohads, conquest of SpainB 2: 250

Al-Qaeda groupA 2: 321

Am I An Atheist or An Agnostic?(Russell)

A 1: 33Ama-no-Nuboko

PS 17

Amar Das, GuruA 2: 421PS 86

Amarna periodB 1: 11, 15

Amaterasu (goddess)A 2: 395, 397 (ill.),

402, 40607PS 3, 15, 2021

Amenhotep IV. See AkhenatenAme-no-Minaka-Nushi-no-

MikotoPS 16Amen-Ra (sun god)

A 1: 38, 42, 44, 45, 61Ameretat

A 2: 451Ameretat concept

PS 186America, spread of Islam in

A 2: 300America Israelite newspaper

B 2: 395American Association for the

Advancement of AtheismPS 200

American Atheists, Inc.PS 201

American Baptist ConventionA 1: 134

American Indians(North America)

A 2: 271Amesha Spentas

A 2: 451

PS 18687Amidah prayer

A 2: 359Ammut (goddess)

A 1: 48Amram

B 2: 279Amrit ritual

A 2: 427See also Khanda symbol.

Amrit Sanskar ceremony

A 2: 434, 435Amritsar (city)

A 2: 43637An/Anu (sky god)

A 1: 37, 47B 1: 122

An Quang Buddhist InstituteB 2: 360

AnabaptistsA 1: 134

Anagarika Dharmapala

A 1: 93Analects (Confucius)A 1: 155, 164B 1: 88, 89

The Analects of ConfuciusPS 12536Book 1PS 13033, 13335Book 2PS 128, 129Book 10PS 126Book 12PS 126overviewPS 12526style ofPS 129

Anandatirtha. See Madhva

Anandpur, Battle ofB 2: 355

Anandpur siegeB 2: 356

Anarchist, defined

PS 193Anaxagoras

A 1: 24, 215B 1: 2531, 25 (ill.)early lifeB 1: 2526exile ofB 1: 29theories ofB 1: 2728

Anaximander

A 1: 213, 237B 1: 26

AnaximenesA 1: 213B 1: 2627

Ancestor worshipA 1: 6, 6 (ill.), 166, 172,

183; 2: 284Ancestral spirits

A 2: 281, 402Ancient Egypt and

Mesopotamia (ill.)A 1: 43Ancient Order of Druids

A 2: 38182Ancient Religions of Egypt

and MesopotamiaA 1: 3767

Andrew (apostle/disciple)A 1: 121

Anga scripture groupA 2: 33334

Angabaha scripture groupA 2: 333

Angad, GuruA 2: 421

Angad Dev, GuruPS 86

Angel of DeathPS 24

World Religions: Cumulative Index 3

A N G E L O F D E A T H


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Angels, belief inPS 2324

Angkor Wat templeA 1: 106

Anglican Church/Church

of EnglandA 1: 134

Anglo-Sikh WarsA 2: 423

Angra MainyuA 2: 443, 447, 45152PS 189

Angra Mainyu spiritB 2: 402

Angulimala Paritta prayerA 1: 111

Anicca principle of BuddhismA 1: 9899

Animal sacrifices, in SanteraA 2: 28384

Animals, worship ofA 1: 42

AnimeA 2: 416

Anjali mudraA 1: 109; 2: 265

Ankh symbol, gods seen with

A 1: 51Ano San, MountA 2: 413

Anselm of CanterburyA 1: 25

Anthesteria festivalA 1: 231

Anthropologists, view ofreligion byA 1: 4

Antigone (Sophocles)A 1: 211

Antioch incidentB 2: 306

Antiochus IVA 2: 364

Anti-SemitismB 2: 212, 275

Anu (god)

A 1: 40, 61Anubis (god)

A 1: 43, 48, 61Anuradhpura temple complex

(Sri Lanka)

A 1: 110Apache tribe

A 2: 28889Aparigraha vow

A 2: 323B 2: 246

ApartheidB 2: 36768, 37071

Apathia describedA 1: 218

Apeiron

A 1: 213Aphrodite (goddess)

A 1: 7, 221Apollo (god)

A 1: 122, 222, 230Apologia (Plato)

B 2: 314, 315Apostle

B 1: 3Apostles of Jesus Christ.

See individual apostles

Aquinas, ThomasA 1: 25, 147, 237

Arabian NightsA 2: 31920

Arafat, MountB 1: 198 (ill.)

Aranyakas (theologies)A 2: 251

Arawak IndiansA 2: 280

ArawnA 2: 380

ArcheA 1: 213

ArchitectureBuddhist influence onA 1: 115Christian influence onA 1: 148

Muslim contributions toA 2: 31819

Ardechir IA 2: 448 (ill.)

Ardha Magadhi language

A 2: 334Ares (god)

A 1: 221Arihant concept

A 2: 332Aristocles. See PlatoAristotle

A1: 217, 217 (ill.), 218, 226B 1:3340, 33 (ill.), 36 (ill.)describedB 1: 38

educationB 1: 3435intellectual growth ofB 1: 3536teachingsB 1: 37

Western intellectual study andB 1: 34works ofB 1: 3840See also Plato

Arjan Dev (Guru)A 2: 422, 437B 1: 155PS 86

Arjuna. See MahabharataArk of the Covenant

A 2: 346See also Ten Commandments

Arkan al Islami (Pillars of Islam)A 2: 30506

Armit ceremonyB 1: 158

ArtMuslim contributions toA 2: 31718under rule of AkhenatenA 1: 66

Art in ancient EgyptB 1: 11, 12, 13 (ill.)


A N G E L S , B E L I E F I N


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Artemis (goddess)A 1: 7, 222, 230

ArthaA 2: 248

Arthasastra

A 2: 265Artifacts, use of in indigenous

religionsA 2: 273

Artisan class, in ancient EgyptA 1: 62

Arts, Jewish influence onA 2: 369

Arya Samaj sectB 1: 10405

Asatru (god)

A 2: 377 (ill.)PS 97followers ofA 2: 374origins ofA 2: 37677symbols ofA 2: 378

Ascension of Abdu l-Baha holidayA 1: 82

Ascension of Baha u llah

holidayA 1: 82

Ash WednesdayA 1: 141

Asha definedPS 18687, 189

Asha VahishtaA 2: 451

Asha Vahishta conceptPS 186

Asher (son of Jacob)B 1: 6

Ashkenazic JewsA 2: 350

Ashoka of Maurya (emperor)A 1: 9192, 10910

AshramasA 2: 248

Ashtur (god), cult of

A 1: 45Asia, Buddhism in

A 1: 92Asoka. See Ashoka of

Maurya (emperor)

Asparigrah vowPS 138

AssassinsA 2: 299B 1: 146 (ill.), 148

Asteya vowA 2: 323B 2: 246PS 137

Astrology, in BabyloniaA 1: 41, 55

Ataraxia, in StoicismA 1: 218Atash Bahram symbol

A 2: 454Aten (god)

A 1: 44Atenism

A 1: 4546B 1: 12

Atharva VedaA 2: 251

Atheism

A 1: 27 (ill.)aboutA 1: 2122categories ofA 1: 30definedPS 19596describedA 1: 19development of in ChinaA 1: 22

Greek rationalists andA 1: 237moral basis forPS 123negative meaning ofA 1: 26number of atheistsA 1: 2021

and sciencePS 201state-sponsoredA 1: 2930weak versus strong

PS 194See also On the Nature

of Things (Lucretius);Religious atheism;

Anaxagoras; Marx, KarlAtheists

PS 4, 193Atheists United

PS 201Athena (goddess)

A 1: 22122, 223, 230

AtmaramjiA 2: 328

Atomic theoryA 1: 237

AtomistsA 1: 24, 215

AtomsA 1: 215 (ill.)

AtonementA 1: 135

Atrakhasis Babylonian epicPS

11Atum (god)A 1: 43

AugursA 1: 231

Augustine of HippoA 1: 25

AumA 2: 287

Aum ShinrikyoA 2: 401

Aum symbolA 2: 25354

AurangzebB 2: 351, 356

Auspicious days, in HinduismA 2: 260

Australian, Mother Goddess inA 1: 7


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Autumn FestivalA 2: 411

Autumn RememberingA 1: 167

Avalokitesvara

A 1: 103Avesta

A 2: 453B 2: 400, 401PS 122, 188See also The Gathas

Avesta as reproduced in TheDivine Sons of Zarathushtra

PS 18592Avestan language

A 2: 453

PS 188Avidya, explainedPS 166

Awen symbolA 2: 381

AyB 1: 10

Ayat. See Qur anAyathrem festival

A 2: 458Ayatul Kursi

A 2: 304

AyurvedaA 2: 268

Azal, Subh-iA 1: 71, 72

Azalis. See Yahya, MirzaAzan

A 2: 312Azra il (angel)

PS 24Azrail

A 2: 309

Aztec religionA 2: 274 (ill.)

Ba soulA 1: 47

Baal Shem Tov. See Ben Eliezer,Israel

BabA 1: 6970PS 17677

See also

Ali Muhammad,Siyyid

Bab birthday holidayA 1: 82

Baba DayalA 2: 426

Babalz Ayi (orisha), renaming ofA 2: 283

Babi faithA 1: 6970

Babis, massacre of

A 1: 71Babism

B 1: 44Babylonia, idol worship in

B 1: 2Babylonian Genesis

PS 11Babylonian Talmud. See TalmudBabylonians, changes to religion by

A 1: 41Babylonians, supreme being in

creation stories ofPS 3Bacchanalia

A 1: 226Bacchus

A 1: 122, 226Bach, Johann Sebastian

A 1: 148Bacon, Francis

PS 195Bactria

A 2: 447B 2: 403

Bactria, Zarathushtra inPS 191

Badr, Battle ofB 1: 19

Bagua (pa hua) symbolA 1: 192

Baha A 1: 6986, 72 (ill.)central belief ofA 1: 77, 84essential elements of

PS 178fasting andA 1: 79followers ofA 1: 73growth ofA 1: 74history ofA 1: 69holy days ofA 1: 8182

moral basis ofPS 12223overview ofPS 175persecution of members ofA 1: 75PS 183prayers and tithingA 1: 83sacred numbers ofA 1: 70, 80

social action andPS 178structure ofA 1: 8081symbols ofA 1: 80twelve principles ofB 1: 44United Nations andA 1: 84PS 178See also Sermon on the Mount

Baha s templeB 1: 42 (ill.)

Baha u llahB 1: 4149banishment ofA 1: 72birthday holiday


A U T U M N F E S T I V A L


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A 1: 82death ofA 1: 73B 1: 48imprisonment

B 1: 47life and writings ofPS 17677movements in exileB 1: 47 (ill.)poisoningB 1: 4647self-exile ofA 1: 71successors toA 1: 7374

view of in Baha

A 1: 4vision ofA 1: 71See also Nuri,

Mirza Husayn

AliBahubali statue

A 2: 329Baisakhi holiday

A 2: 435Bala Barua, Nani. See Dipa Ma

Balance principleA 1: 220; 2: 383

Balfour DeclarationA 2: 248

Balthasar (magi)B 2: 403

Balzan PrizeB 2: 354

Bamiyan, Afghanistan,destruction of BuddhaVairocana

A 1: 114Banda Singh Bahadur

A 2: 423Bandi Chhor holiday

A 2: 436Bani Hashim clan

B 1: 18Bantu Education Act

B 2: 369Baor initiation

B 2: 34647Baptism, in Christian church

A 1: 124, 138, 14243,

142 (ill.)Baptist Church

A 1: 134Bar Mitzvah

A 2: 366Bardo period, in Buddhism

A 1: 114Bards class in Druidism

A 2: 379Barquq

B 1: 168

BasraB 1: 12

Basri, Hasan Al-B 2: 322

Basri, Rabi a Al-.See Rabi a al-Adawiyah

Bat MitzvahA 2: 366

Battle of ToursA 2: 294

Bauer, Bruno

B 2: 25859Bayan (Baha u llah)B 1: 53

Bayan Wujub al-Hijra(Usuman Dan Fodio)

B 2: 379Bayanis. See Yahya, MirzaBeatification

B 2: 356Beatitudes

PS 212Bedouins

B 1: 16667, 194Behavior, code of

A 1: 1Behavior, guidance for

PS 126Behdin. See ZoroastrianismBehdini

A 2: 443Behramshah Shroff

A 2: 449Beindriya beings

A 2: 331

Beliefs, common elements ofPS 123

BellA 2: 388

Beltane (Beltaine) SabbatA 2: 389

Beltaine (Bealteinne) festivalA 2: 381

Ben Eliezer, Israel

A 2: 351B 1: 17178

early lifeB 1: 17274followersB 1: 177spiritual awakeningB 1: 17477

Ben Maimon, MosheA 2: 352, 354

Benedictine OrderA 1: 126

Benedictine Rule

A 1: 126Benjamin (son of Jacob)B 1: 6

BerbersB 1: 166

BereshitPS 5

Bernhard, IsaacB 2: 26869

Besht. See Ben Eliezer, IsraelBeth Jeshurun (Yeshurun)

B 2: 393Bethel

B 1: 3Bethlehem, pilgrimages to

A 1: 141Bhagavad Gita

A 2: 244, 25253PS 110


B H A G A V A D G I T A


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Bhagavad PuranaB 2: 331

Bhai Mani SinghA 2: 430

Bhakti (devotion)

A 2: 256Bhakti movement

B 2: 33340Bhakti yoga

A 2: 250Bhikkhu

B 1: 64Bhikkhuni

B 1: 64Bhutto, Benazir

A 2: 320

BhyadrabhanuswamiA 2: 333

Bible

A 1: 34, 13637; 2: 36869PS 20312

aboutPS 203arrangement ofPS 205translations ofPS 21112

Bidayat al-Hidayah(The Beginning of Guidance)(al-Ghazal)

B 1: 149Big five religions

A 1: 8Bile/Bel/Belenus (god)

A 2: 380Bill, Buffalo

B 1: 5455Biology, classification systems and

A 1: 237The Birth of Venus (Botticelli)

A 1: 236Birth rituals

BuddhistA 1: 111ConfucianA 1: 170

EgyptianA 1: 63MesopotamianA 1: 60Roman

A 1: 235Black Elk

B 1: 5158, 51 (ill.)PS 39 (ill.)early years ofPS 3334great vision ofPS 3436visions ofB 1: 5253, 55See also Foundation Myths;

Ghost DanceBlack Elk, Nicholas.

See Black ElkBlack Elk Speaks: Being the

Life Story of a Holy Man ofthe Oglala Sioux (Neihardt)

B 1: 52, 57PS 3343

as foundation mythPS 34six grandfathers in

PS 3435symbols inPS 3536

Blavatsky, HelenaB 1: 10809, 130

Blim ChandB 1: 155

Bloch, ThereseB 2: 392

Blockages, removingA 1: 18788

Blot ritualA 2: 378

Bodh Gaya, pilgrimages toA 1: 108

Bodhi tree symbolA 1: 10102

BodhisattvasB 1: 65

Bodhisattvas, recognition ofA 1: 95, 99

Boer WarB 1: 132

Bojaxhiu, Agnes Gonxha.

See Teresa, MotherBon religion

A 2: 28990Bonnet, Charles

B 2: 271, 277Book of Abraham

B 1: 4 (ill.)The Book of Amdurat

A 1: 48The Book of Caverns

A 1: 48

The Book of CertitudeA 1: 71B 1: 45

Book of Changes (Confucius)A 1: 164PS 136

Book of FatimaPS 18283

The Book of GatesA 1: 48

Book of Judith

A 2: 36869The Book of One Thousand andOne Nights

A 2: 31920Book of Shadows

A 2: 388B 1: 140

The Book of the DeadA 1: 48, 4951, 50 (ill.)

The Book of the Way andIts Virtue. See Dao De Jing

Book of ZhuangA 1: 178

Bounteous ImmortalsPS 186

Boycott of South AfricaB 2: 371

Brahma (Brahman)A 2: 24647, 262


B H A G A V A D P U R A N A


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PS 111 (ill.), 119See also Aum symbol

Brahmacharya stageA 2: 248

Brahmacharya vow

A 2: 323B 2: 246PS 138

Brahmanas (rituals)A 2: 25

Brahmins (caste)A 2: 263

Brahmo Samaj movementB 2: 38485

Bridal rituals in RomeA 1: 235

Brigid/Brigit (goddess)A 2: 379, 380

Brihadaranyaka UpanishadA 2: 252

Brings White, AnneB 1: 56

British BuddhistB 1: 112

British Circle of Universal BondA 2: 382

British Druid OrderA 2: 382

BroomsA 2: 387

Brooms, as sacred toolsPS 101, 104 (ill.)

Buchenwald concentration campB 2: 364

Buckley, RaymondB 1: 142

The Buddha

B 1: 5966, 59 (ill.), 61 (ill.)PS 168 (ill.)birth ofA 1: 98 (ill.)death ofA 1: 90depictions ofA 1: 11415

early lifeB 1: 5960spiritual quest ofB 1: 6061teachings of

A 1: 23B 1: 107See also Buddhism;

Eightfold PathBuddha Amitabha

A 1: 95Buddha Heart, Buddha Mind:

Living the Four Noble Truths(Dalai Lama)

B 1: 97Buddha Vairocana

A 1: 114Buddhahood

B 2: 296Buddha-nature

B 2: 294Buddha-nature, realizing

A 1: 100Buddhism

A 1: 87117aboutA 1: 91

basic principles ofA 1: 9699central beliefs ofA 1: 90, 9899creator-god concept andA 1: 19, 23daily practice ofA 1: 11011decline of in IndiaA 1: 92disagreements withinA 1: 90form of worshipA 1: 10203growth ofA 1: 9294, 93 (ill.)holy days inA 1: 10608influence on art of

A 1: 115in JapanB 2: 29699main types ofA 1: 9495

major branches ofB 2: 29798moral basis forPS 122practice techniques ofA 1: 95overviewA 1: 87rise ofA 1: 8symbols of

A 1: 10102texts ofPS 167two schools ofB 1: 6566PS 172in VietnamB 2: 362

Buddhist flagA 1: 102

Buddhist monks

B 2: 364 (ill.)Buddhist nunsB 1: 64, 118 (ill.)

Buffalo Bills Wild West ShowB 1: 5455

Buffalo/bisonA 2: 287, 288

Bulla charmA 1: 235

BundahismB 2: 401

Buraq (winged horse)B 2: 289, 303

Bure, Idelette DeB 1: 78

Burkina FasoB 2: 368, 379

Burma (Myanmar)A 1: 94


B U R M A ( M Y A N M A R )


13/66

Bushido codeA 1: 173

Bushmen of Africa, creation/foundation myths of

PS 3

Buzurg, MirzaB 1: 41

Byzantine EmpireA 1: 127

Cairo, EqyptB 1: 168

Caitanya Mahaprabhu

A 2: 244B 1: 6773, 68 (ill.)early lifeB 1: 6869miraclesB 1: 7071writingsB 1: 70

CaitanyasA 2: 24445, 249 (ill.)

Calendars

A 1: 140; 2: 457Calf PipeA 2: 288

CalligraphyA 1: 115, 204; 2: 303 (ill.)

Calvin, JohnA 1: 133B 1: 7582, 75 (ill.), 81 (ill.)conversionB 1: 76early lifeB 1: 7677influenceB 1: 8081

CalvinismB 1: 75, 78See also Predestination

CambodiaA 1: 92, 94

Cambyses IIA 2: 450

Camel, Battle of theB 1: 22

Canaan, Mother Goddess in

A 1: 7Canaanites

B 1: 3Candide (Voltaire)

B 2: 269, 275Candomble

A 2: 280, 282Canterbury Tales (Chaucer)

A 1: 147Cao Guojin (god)

A 1: 190

CapitalismB 2: 259, 265

CaravansB 1: 196

CarchemishA 1: 6

Carolis, H. DonB 1: 107

Carter, HowardB 1: 14

Carvaka, concept of creator-god

andA 1: 23Caspar (magi)

B 2: 403Caste system

B 1: 7071; 2: 23536,248, 385

PS 85creation ofA 2: 242Indian constitution andA 2: 26364Jains andA 2: 340Sikhism andA 2: 421

CatalhoyukA 1: 6

The Catastrophe of Eger (Wise)

B 2: 397Catholic/Protestant conflicts

B 2: 23132Cauldron

A 2: 388

Cauvin, Jean. See Calvin, JohnCelestial Masters

A 1: 179, 183, 198Celts

A 2: 37374, 379Censer

A 2: 388Central Conference of American

RabbisB 2: 391, 394, 396

Central Institute of Higher

Tibetan StudiesB 1: 96

Ceremony, importance of inConfucianism

A 1: 162Ceres

A 1: 122Cerridwen

A 2: 380Ceylon, religious changes in

B 1: 108

Ch

an BuddhismA 1: 95See also Zen Buddhism

Chagall, MarcA 2: 369

Chakkar symbolA 2: 432

Chamkaur, Battle ofB 2: 356

Chandragiri hillA 2: 339

Change, nature ofA 1: 227

Chanting meditation techniqueA 1: 104

CharakaA 2: 265

Charles IB 2: 231


B U S H I D O C O D E


14/66

Charmides (Plato)B 2: 315

Charming of the Plow holidayA2: 378

Chathurveda

A2: 251Chaucer, Geoffrey

A1: 147Chaurindriya beings

A2: 331Chiang Kai-shek

A1: 18182Chih-i

B 2: 312China

Buddhism in

A1: 92non-believers inA1: 31religious tradition inA1: 95Western influences on

religion ofA1: 159

China, during the time ofConfuciusB 1: 84

Chinese art, close observationandA1: 204

Chinese communists, effect onDaoismPS 161

Chinese history, Springand Autumn Period ofA1: 154

Chinese landscape paintingA1: 174

Chinese language, Daoism andA1: 205

Chinese literature, Daoism andA1: 20405

Chinese New Year festivalA1: 167, 168, 19697

Chinese texts, translatingPS 129

Ching Ming festivalA1: 167, 168

Chong SonA1: 174

Christian Church,

separation ofA1: 127

Christian creation conceptsA1: 28

Christian Crusaders, Jews inEurope andA2: 348

Christian Evidences (Bonnet)B 2: 277

Christian gospelsA1: 124

ChristianityA1: 11949

B 1: 19091, 19293aboutA1: 122adaptions of from JudaismA1: 12324basic beliefs ofA1: 13435beginnings ofA1: 123

buracracy ofA1: 125doctrines ofA1: 13536forms of worship serviceA1: 139

Gospels ofA1: 124Greek and Roman

influences onA1: 136influence of

Zoroastrianism onA2: 452PS 188influences ofA1: 14648and Islam

A 1: 12728Judaism andPS 20405language of worship ofA 1: 12627

moral basis forPS 122missionaries ofA 1: 125and NeoplatonismA 1: 219observances ofA 1: 140overviewA 1: 119rise of

A 1: 8sacraments ofA 1: 124schisms inA 1: 13031similarity of Zoroastrianism toPS 19192spread ofA 1: 123, 124 (ill.), 125supreme being in creation

accounts of

PS 3symbols ofA 1: 13738, 137 (ill.)worship language ofA 1: 126See also Jesus Christ

Christiansnumber ofA 1: 2persecution ofA 1: 125

ChristmasA 1: 15, 140

ChronosA 1: 223

ChrysippusA 1: 218

Chu HsiA 1: 157


C H U H S I


15/66

Chuang-tzuA 1: 178

Chung Yeung FestivalA 1: 167

Chunqiu (Ch un-ch iu)

A 1: 164Church of England/Anglican

ChurchA 1: 134

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

A 1:134Church of Martin Luther

A 1: 141Church of the Holy

Sepulcher (tomb)

A 1: 141Circle symbol

A 2: 28788Cities and city-states,

in MesopotamiaA 1: 39, 59

City statesB 2: 313

Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)B 1: 130

Civilization, cyclical nature of

B 1: 16667Classic of Documents(Confucius)

A 1: 164PS 136

Classic of Filial PietyA 1: 164

Classic of Odes (Confucius)A 1: 164PS 136

Classic of the Great PeaceA 1: 191

CleanlinessPS 30

Clement VI (pope)B 2: 227

Clergy, clothing ofA 1: 142

Clutterbuck, Dorothy

B 1: 13940Collected Essays vol. 5: Science

and Christian TraditionPS 4554

Cologne Cathedral

A 1: 141Cologne Circle

B 2: 265Columbian Exposition in

ChicagoPS 112

CommunismA 1: 21, 2930, 130B 2: 265

Communist CorrespondenceCommittee

B 2: 266Communist League

B 2: 266The Communist Manifesto

(Marx; Engles)B 2: 267

Community of believersA 1: 11; 2: 27475

Community participation,in indigenous religions

A 2: 273

Compassion, in DaoismA 1: 187

Complete Perfection sectA 1: 185

Confession sacramentA 1: 14546

Confirmation sacramentA 1: 138, 143

Confucian ClassicsA 1: 156

Confucian philosophygoalsB 1: 8688main principleB 1: 8384

Confucian templeB 1: 86 (ill.)

Confucian Temple of LiteratureA 1: 166

Confucianism

A 1: 15176, 165 (ill.),170 (ill.)

aboutA 1: 156

after death of ConfuciusA 1: 15556ban onPS 135belief system ofA 1: 168and concept of creator-godA 1: 22development of principles ofA 1: 153influence on education

A 1: 175in Japan and KoreaA 1: 160moral basis forPS 121number of followersA 1: 152pilgrimagesA 1: 169political guidance ofPS 128

rise ofA 1: 8rites ofA 1: 170spiritual elements ofA 1: 15657spread ofA 1: 15859as state religionA 1: 156suppression ofA 1: 159See also De (te) principle;

Junzi (chun-tze) principle;Ren principle;

Wen principleConfucius

A 1: 158 (ill.)B 1: 8390, 83 (ill.)


C H U A N G - T Z U


16/66

aboutPS 125, 12628beliefsB 1: 8587early life

B 1: 85education ofPS 130exileB 1: 88as government reformer

A 1: 154life of

A 1: 153social class ofPS 12930

teaching method ofA 1: 155writings of

A 1: 170PS 136

Confucius Culture FestivalPS 131 (ill.)

Congregations of IsraelB 1: 176

Congress PartyB 1: 134

Congressional Gold MedalB 2: 355

Connectedness, emphasis on inDaoism

PS 150Conservative Judaism

A 2: 352B 2: 394

Constantine (emperor)A 1: 125, 128 (ill.), 212

Contribution to the Critique ofHegels Philosophy of Law (Marx)

A 1: 32Conversions of West Africans

B 2: 368The Convert (Wise)

B 2: 397Cop, Nicholas

B 1: 7677

Cordoba (Spain), caliphate atA 2: 298

CorinthA 1: 223

Corpus Christi Movement

B 2: 294, 354The Cosmic God (Wise)

B 2: 397Cosmos, nature of

A 1: 22Council for a Parliament of the

Worlds ReligionsPS 119

Council of JerusalemB 2: 30506

Counter-Reformation

A 1: 129Coven initiation

A 2: 388Covenant breaker

A 1: 76Covenant concept

A 2: 355PS 10

Covens, definedPS 106

Co-Workers of Mother TeresaB

2: 294, 354Cows, sacred nature ofA 2: 253

Cratylus (Plato)B 2: 316

Crazy HorseB 1: 5354

Creation, male and femaleprinciples in

PS 14Creation myths

A 1: 226PS 1ancient Egypt

A 1: 43Greece

A 1: 223JapanA 2: 40506

RomeA 1: 224See also Ra/Re (sun god)

Creation of mandalas, inVajrayana Buddhism

A 1: 95Creation stories

PS 14Fulani peoplePS 2location from which creation

beganPS 34themes ofPS 24See also Agnostics; Atheism;

Bereshit; specific creationstories

Creator-godA 1: 19, 23, 126PS 6, 86

CremationA 1: 113

Crete, Mother Goddess worship inA 1: 7

Critias (Plato)B 2: 317, 331

Critique of Pure Reason (Kant)A 1: 26

Critique of the HelgelianPhilosophy of Public Law(Marx)

B 2: 264, 270The Crito (Plato)

B 2: 315Cross symbol

A 1: 137Crowley, Aleister

B 1: 140Crusades

A 1: 12728; 2: 299Crystal sphere

A 2: 388Cuba, Vodou in

A 2: 280Cults

Ashur


C U L T S


17/66

A1: 10Marduk

A1: 45meanings of

A1: 10

Cultural RevolutionA1: 182

Cuneiform writing systemA1: 65

Cunningham, ScottPS 97

Cupid, symbols ofA1: 230

Cybele (goddess)A1: 7, 220

Cycle of life. See Karma

CyprusB 1: 13839

Cyrus of PersiaA1: 41

Czolgosz, LeonPS 201

Da Vinci, Leonardo

A1:

14748Da Xue (Ta Hsueh)A1: 163

Dacheng DiaA1: 169

DaevasA2: 44647, 451PS 189

Dagara tribeB 2: 349

Dagpa (god)A2: 289

Dahomean tribesA2: 28081

Dakota tribeA2: 28788

Dalai LamaA1: 92B 1: 9199, 91 (ill.)

early lifeB 1: 9293exileB 1: 9598religious training

B 1: 93response to Chinese invasion

of TibetB 1: 9495travelsB 1: 9798

DamascusB 1: 3

Damascus, capture ofA2: 298

Dan (son of Jacob)

B 1: 6Dan (Tan). See LaoziDana, Charles

B 2: 262, 268Dana (generosity)

A1: 10405,105 (ill.)

DanishmendsA2: 299

Dante AlighieriA1: 147

DanuA2: 380Dao character symbol

A1: 192Dao De Jing (Laozi)

A1: 31, 189B 2: 206, 207PS 122, 14963central beliefs ofPS 150compilation ofPS 154overview ofPS 149themes ofPS 152translation ofPS 15253writing style of

PS 153Dao jiao. See Religious DaoismDaoism

A1: 177206B 2: 20708

aboutA1: 180compared to other religionsPS 150Confucianism andPS 135creator-god concept and

A1: 19, 31in daily life

A1: 201decline of

PS 16061divisions in

A1: 18283early development of

A1: 22eggs inPS 2festivals

A1: 19697goal of

A1: 186

gods ofA1: 190impact ofPS 161influence of

A1: 20506monastic system of

A1: 180moral basis forPS 122as official religion

A1: 17981origin of

A1: 17879overview

A1: 177rise of

A1: 8spread of


C U L T U R A L R E V O L U T I O N


18/66

A 1: 182suppression ofA 1: 18182symbols ofA 1: 19193

texts ofA 1: 189, 191Western views ofA 1: 189worship practices ofA 1: 19395See also Laozi; Religious

Daoism; specific sects ofDaoist Canon

A 1: 191Daoist priest

PS 156 (ill.)Daoist priests

A 1: 193, 195 (ill.)Daoist temple

PS 151 (ill.)Daoist temples

A 1: 195Daoist thought, in everyday life

A 1: 201Daozang (Tao-tsang)

A 1: 191

Darius IA 2: 450B 2: 405

Darius the GreatB 2: 405

Dark learningA 1: 184

Darwin, CharlesA 1: 15, 19, 3334, 147See also Huxley, Thomas

HenryDarwins bulldog

A 1: 29Das Kapital (Marx)

B 2: 263, 269Dasam Granth

A 2: 43031David (king)

A 2: 346

Day for All Gods to Descend toEarth. See Chinese New Yearfestival

Day of rest, as pattern for workinglife

PS 6Day of the Covenant holiday

A 1: 82Daya Ram

B 2: 35354Dayananda Sarasvati

B 1: 10106, 101 (ill.)deathB 1: 105early life and travelsB 1: 10203

See also Arya Samaj sectDayananda Saraswati.

See Dayananda SarasvatiDe (te) principle

A 1: 162, 18687De Anima (Aristotle)

A 1: 229De Laplace, Pierre-Simon

A 1: 26De Lisieux, Therese

B 2: 292

De Poetica (Aristotle)A 1: 229Dead, realm of

PS 20Dead Sea Scrolls

A 2: 35455PS 11

Death, introduction ofPS 16

Death and rebirth. See Eleusinianmystery cults; Orphic mysterycults

Death ritualsancient EgyptA 1: 63BuddhistA 1: 11314ChristiansA 1: 14445

ConfucianA 1: 171Eastern Orthodox churchA 1: 145Mesopotamian

A 1: 62NeanderthalsA 1: 5

December 25th, celebrationsA 1: 15

Declaration of the Bab holidayA 1: 82

Deer ParkA 1: 108

Deer Park MonasteryB 2: 363

Degel (city)B 2: 377

Deities, classes ofA 1: 56

Deities in Mahayana BuddhismA 1: 103

Deliverance from Error (Al-Ghazal)B 1: 146

Delusory karmaA 2: 332

Demeter

A 1: 7, 222, 223Demeter and PersephoneA 1: 224

DemocritusA 1: 24 (ill.), 215

Deng XiaopingA 1: 182

Denmark, non-believers inA 1: 31

Descent of Ishtar to theUnderworld

A 1: 49The Descent of Man (Darwin)

A 1: 15, 33Detachment, and Daoism

PS 150Deuteronomy

B 2: 283See also Torah


D E U T E R O N O M Y


19/66

Devi (goddess)A 2: 242, 262

The DhammapadaA 1: 100B 1: 63, 65

PS 16574alterations toPS 173Canto III (The Mind)PS 16970Canto XX (The Path)PS 17072oral nature ofPS 17273texts ofPS 168

Dharampala, AnagarikaB 1: 10713early lifeB 1: 108mission visitsB 1: 110political activitiesB 1: 112religious beliefsB 1: 10910

Dharamsala (India)

B 1: 9596DharmaA 2: 248B 1: 61, 115PS 111, 119, 169belief in

A 1: 99Dharma Day

A 1: 108Dharma wheel symbol

A 2: 335Dharma wheel symbols

A 1: 101 (ill.)Dharmachakra

A 1: 101 (ill.)Dharmachakra mudra

A 1: 109Dharmasastras

A 2: 265

DHolbach, BaronA 1: 32

Dhyana mudraA 1: 109

The Dialectic

B 2: 258Dialectic method

A 1: 216Dialectical materialism concept

B 2: 264Dialogues (Plato)

A 1: 232Dialogues Concerning Natural

Religion (Hume)A 1: 26, 32

Diamond Sutra

A 1: 100Diamond Vehicle Buddhism.See Vajrayana Buddhism

Diana (goddess)A 1: 122

Diderot, DenisA 1: 26

Dietary restrictions of, Baha A 1: 83

Dietary restrictions of MuslimsA 2: 315

Digambara sect

A 2: 32829B 2: 243

Din, Shams Ad-B 1: 180, 181

Din al-Quanawi, Sadr Ad-B 1: 181

Din Attar, Farid Od-B 1: 180

Din Chelebi, Husan Ad-B 1: 182

Din Muhaqqiq, Burhan Ad-

B 1: 18081Din Walad, Baha Ad-B 1: 180

Din Zarkub, Salah Ad-B 1: 182

Diocesan Congregation of theCalcutta Diocese. See Mission-aries of Charity

Diogenes LaertiusB 2: 312

DionysiusA 1: 222, 226

Dipa Ma

B 1: 11520, 116 (ill.)early lifeB 1: 116teachingsB 1: 119travelsB 1: 120

Dipa Ma: The Life and Legacy of aBuddhist Master (Schmidt)

B 1: 120Disciples of Jesus Christ

A 1: 121, 123See also individual apostles;

individual disciplesDisciplinary vows

A 2: 34142Discrimination. See ApartheidDivali festival

A 2: 339Diver myth

PS 4Divination, by Druids

A 2: 381Divine Comedy (Dante Alighieri)A 1: 147, 235

Divine LiturgyA 1: 140 (ill.)

Divinities, indigenous religionsand

A 2: 273Divorce

Baha views onA 1: 83in Mesopotamia

A 1: 62Diwali festival

A 2: 25860, 341 (ill.)Diwan-e Shams-e Tabriz-I(Rumi)

B 1: 18283, 184Djoser (pharaoh)

A 1: 52


D E V I ( G O D D E S S )


20/66

Doctrine, arguments over inChristianityA 1: 12526

The Doctrine of the Mean(Confucius)

A 1: 163B 1: 88PS 136

Dome of the RockA 2: 294

Dominion of man over animalsPS 6

Dong ZhongshuA 1: 15657

Door of GracePS 88

Door of LearningPS 88

Door of LivelihoodPS 88

Door of PeacePS 88

Doorkeeper of the Heart: Versions ofRabi a (Rabi a al-Adawiyah)B 2: 32122

Doshas in AyurvedaA 2: 268

Dosojin festivalsA 2: 407

Dove symbolA 1: 13738

The Dream of the Red ChamberA 1: 17475

Dreidel. See Hanukkah(Chanukah) festival

Dress, traditional, in IndiaA 2: 261

Druidic movementsA 2: 38182

DruidismA 2: 37982

DruidsA 2: 374PS 97

Druids Friendly SocietyA 2: 382

DualismB 2: 237

Duality, in religionsA 2: 389

Duhka, explained

PS 166Dukkha, concept of in Buddhism

A 1: 96Durga (universal mother)

A 2: 260Duzmin-Karaviev, Dimitri

B 2: 360Dvaita Vedanta

B 2: 239

Ea (water god)B 1: 122

Ea/Enki (water god)A 1: 37, 61

EarthPS creation of. See specific

creation storiesEarth, date of creation

A 1: 15

Earth-bodied beingsA 2: 330

EasterA 1: 140

Eastern Orthodox ChristianityB 2: 336, 360

Eastern Orthodox Churchafter collapse of

CommunismA 1: 130establishment ofA 1: 12627, 132Ottoman Turks andA 1: 128weddings inA 1: 144

EcclesiastesPS 5

Ecclesiastical Ordinances (Calvin)

B 1: 79Ecology, Zoroastrianism and

PS 188Edict of Worms

B 2: 22829, 23031

Educationin Baha faithA 1: 7778, 83importance of in

ConfucianismA 1: 16263tradition ofA 1: 147

Eggs, in creation accountsPS 2

Egypt

ancientA 1: 43 (ill.)architectural remains ofA 1: 52calendar ofA 1: 66conquering ofA 1: 45economic classes inA 1: 62festivals inA

1: 42, 5758, 6364gods ofA 1: 61medicine inA 1: 66Mother Goddess inA 1: 7religious rituals inA 1: 5657, 5759role of priests inA 1: 5253, 55sciences andA 1: 66tombs inA 1: 64 (ill.)

Egyptian Book of the DeadA 1: 42

Egyptian MuslimsA 2: 299


E G Y P T I A N M U S L I M S


21/66

Egyptian pharaohB 1: 45

Egyptian religion, influence onJudaism

A 1: 8

Egyptian SphinxA 1: 230

Egyptiansbeliefs ofA 1: 4748religions ofA 1: 4144

Eid ul FitrA 2: 313

Eight Immortals (Ba Xian/Pa-hsien)A 1: 189, 192 (ill.), 193, 196

Eight Immortals Temple,pilgrimages to

A 1: 198Eightfold Path

A 1: 1011, 90, 9798B 1: 62PS 16667

Einstein, AlbertA 1: 116; 2: 367

Ekendriya beingsA 2: 330

Ekhaka Sapa. See Black ElkThe Electronic Text Corpus ofSumerian Literature B 1: 125

Elder TrothA 2: 376

Eleatic SchoolA 1: 214

Election conceptA 2: 355PS 10

Elektra (Sophocles)A 1: 211

Elenchus methodA 1: 216

Eleusinian mystery cultsA 1: 224

Eliot, T.S.A 1: 147

Elysium

A 2: 223Emanation theory

A 1: 219; 2: 220Emerson, Ralph Waldo

A 1: 93

EmpedoclesA 1: 215, 229

Emperor worshipA 1: 222; 2: 398

Emperor WuA 1: 156

EmpiricistsA 1: 226

Encyclopedia of Religion (James)A 1: 21

Energy, categories of

A 2: 268Engaged Buddhism

B 2: 36061Engels, Friedrich

B 2: 260261, 262 (ill.)England, expulsion of

Jews fromA 2: 348

Enheduanna

B 1: 12127, 122 (ill.)Enki (god of wisdom)

A 1: 47Enlightenment, Age ofA 1: 2526

Enlightenment conceptA 1: 23, 12930

Enlil (earth and storm god)A 1: 37, 42, 47, 61B 1: 122

Enuma ElishA 1: 41, 42, 48

Environment, respect forA 2: 460

Environmentalism, of WiccansPS 100

Eostre (goddess)A 2: 378

Ephriam (grandson of Jacob)B 1: 6

Epic and Classical Period of

HinduismA 2: 241, 242

The Epic of CreationA 1: 41, 4849

The Epic of Gilgamesh

A 1: 7, 49PS 6172

EpictetusA 1: 218

EpicureanismA 1: 24, 218, 228

Episcopal ChurchA 1: 134

Episcopal Divinity School(Massachusetts)

B 2: 373

Equiria festivalA 1: 233

Eqypt, organized religion inA 1: 37

Erh YaA 1: 164

Eros, emergence ofPS 2

Eros, symbols ofA 1: 230

Esau (son of Isaac)

B 1: 6Essay Concerning HumanUnderstanding (Locke)

B 2: 268The Essence of Christianity

(Feuerbach)A 1: 27, 32

The Essence of Judaism (Wise)B 2: 397

EssenesA 2: 350, 351, 355

EthicsGreek philosophical views

aboutA 1: 227and religionA 1: 16Zoroastrianism andA 2: 45253


E G Y P T I A N P H A R A O H


22/66

EucharistA 1: 124, 138, 140 (ill.)

Eudemian Ethics (Aristotle)B 1: 3940

E-u-gim e-a (Hymn of Praise to

Ekishnugal and Nanna onAssumption of En-ship)B 1: 126

Euphrates RiverA 1: 39B 1: 3

EuridiceA 1: 225

EuripidesA 1: 211

Europe

Mother Goddess inA 1: 7Muslim countries andA 2: 299300non-believers inA 1: 31

Euthydemus (Plato)B 2: 316

Euthyphro (Plato)B 2: 315

Evil spiritsA

2: 27778EvolutionA 1: 15, 29, 147

Evolution, and creationPS 4

The Exaltation of InanaA 1: 54B 1: 125

ExodusPS 11See also Torah

Exodus conceptA 2: 355

Exodus storyB 2: 28283

ExorcismA 1: 194

Expositions textsA 2: 334

Extispicy, priests role inA 1: 53

Extreme unction sacramentA 1: 13839, 144

Extremists

A 2: 321

Fada

ih al-Batiniyya I(al-Ghazal)B 1: 148

Faerie Queen (Spenser)A 1: 235

Faith, declaration of

B 2: 304Faith-based theory of religion

A 1: 34Families, Mesopotamian

A 1: 60Family rituals

A 1: 166Family shrines in Daoism

A 1: 194Faqr

B 1: 13

Farabi, Abu al-Nasr Al-B 1: 147Faravahar (Farohar)

PS 191Faravahar symbol

A 2: 45455, 454 (ill.)Farel, Guillaume

B 1: 78Farohar. See Faravahar symbolFarvardigan festival

A 2: 459Fasting

A 1: 141See also Ramadan

Father and mother, in creationmythsPS 3

Father of All SpiritsPS 3

Fatima (daughter of Muhammad)B 1: 199as female idealB 1: 20Hand of

B 1: 18 (ill.)marriage ofB 1: 19

Fatima, pilgrimages toA 1: 141

Fatimid dynastyA 2: 299, 302

Fearlessness mudraA 1: 109

Feast of the Valley festivalA 1: 58

Fellowship of CrotonaB 1: 139

Feminine principle, in DaoismPS 151

Feng ShuiA 1: 199

Festival of Fast BreakingA 2: 313

Festival of Lights (Hanukkah)A 2: 363 (ill.), 364

Festival of OsirisA

1: 59Festival of RidvanA 1: 72B 1: 46

Festivalsancient EgyptA 1: 42, 5758, 6364DaoistA 1: 19697DosojinA 2: 411Greek and RomanA 1: 183, 231HinduA 2: 25861MesopotamianA 1: 42, 60ShintoA 2: 41112


F E S T I V A L S


23/66

SikhismA 2: 43536SpringA 2: 411

Fetterman, Lieutenant Colonel

WilliamB 1: 53

Feuerbach, LudwigA 1: 27, 31, 32

Fihi Ma Fih (Rumi)B 1: 183

Filial piety (xiao)A 1: 154

Filioque statementA 1: 13132

Finch, Henry Clay

PS 195Fire symbol, in ZoroastrianismA 2: 454

Fire templesA 2: 454

Fire urnA 2: 456

Fire-bodied beingsA 2: 330

Fish symbolA 1: 137

Five Classics (Confucius)

A 1: 156, 164PS 136

Five Elements of DaoismA 1: 18788, 188 (ill.)

Five emblems of SikhismA 2: 43132

Five Great VowsA 2: 327, 340PS 121

Five KsA 2: 43132

Five Ks of SikhismB 1: 15859Five Points of Calvinism

B 1: 77Five Precepts, recitation of

A 1: 113Five Relationships

A 1: 16162

Five seasons of DaoismA 1: 188

Five TakhtsA 2: 43738

Five thieves

A 2: 429Five Virtues of Confucianism

A 1: 163Five Vows of Jainism

B 2: 246Five weapons

A 2: 429Floating of the Water Lamps

ritualA 1: 196

Flower arranging

A 2: 416Flower of the Saints (Loyola)

B 2: 218Fodio, Muhammad

B 1: 376Fogmoon holiday

A 2: 378Folk religion

A 2: 273Folk Shinto

A 2: 400

Folkish AsatruA 2: 376Forced conversions of Sikhs

B 2: 345Forgiveness

A 1: 121Forn sed and Forn Sior

A 2: 376Foster, Mary E.

B 1: 111Foundation myths

PS 14explainedPS 34See also specific creation stories

Four AffirmationsA 2: 40304

Four aims of HinduismA 2: 248

Four Books (Confucius)PS 136

Four Books of ConfucianismA 1: 163

Four elements of Empedocles

A 1: 215Four Noble Truths of Buddhism

A 1: 97B 1: 70PS 16667

Four stages of lifeA 2: 248

Four Valleys (Baha u llah)A 1: 71B 1: 45

Four Vedas

A 2: 251Fox, George

A 1: 134Fragments/Cosmic Fragments

(Heraclitus)A 1: 229

Francis I, arrest of Protestants byB 1: 77

Frankel, DavidB 2: 268

Frederick the Great

B 2: 26070Freud, SigmundA 1: 31, 32, 235B 1: 13

Frey (god)A 2: 378

Freya (Freyja) (goddess)A 2: 378

Frigg (Frigga)A 2: 378

Frog, symbol of fertilityA 1: 230

Fuji, MountA 2: 400, 412

Fulani peopleB 2: 376PS 2

Fulani WarB 2: 37778


F E T T E R M A N , L I E U T E N A N T C O L O N E L W I L L I A M


24/66

Funeral ritesA 2: 43940, 461

Funeral traditionsAfricanA 2: 277

ChineseA 1: 172Daoist

A 1: 200Greek

A 1: 235The Future of an Illusion (Freud)

A 1: 32

Gabriel (angel)B 1: 200See also Jabra il (angel)

Gad (son of Jacob)B 1: 6

Gaia (goddess)A 1: 223PS 2, 3

Gaina Sutras

PS 121, 13747

Gal Vihara Temple(Sri Lanka)A 1: 114

GalileeA 1: 121

GamalielB 2: 302, 316

Games at OlympiaA 1: 233

Gandhi, IndiraA 2: 425

Gandhi, Mahatma

B 1: 12936, 129 (ill.)children dressed asB 1: 132 (ill.)early lifeB 1: 12936educationB 1: 130

racism experienced byB 1: 13032in South AfricaB 1: 13133

Gandhi, Mohandas K.

A 2: 264, 266, 342Ganesh (god)

A 2: 262Ganga River (Ganges River)

A 2: 256Garden of Ridvan

A 1: 72Gardner, Gerald Brousseau

B 1: 13744,137 (ill.)

PS 101

early lifeB 1: 138religious explorationsB 1: 139

Gardner, GrissellB 1: 138

The Gathas

A 2: 453B 2: 400PS 18589about

PS 122composition andarrangement of

PS 18586history ofPS 18788

Gathic AvestanA 2: 453PS 188

Gaudiya VaishnavismB 1: 6768, 69, 7273

Gaura. See Caitanya MahaprabhuGautama, Maha-Pajapati

B 1: 71, 72Geb (god)

A 1: 43Gelug. See Tibetan BuddhismGeluk. See Tibetan BuddhismGemara (commentaries)

A 2: 356Genesis, chapters of

PS 710creation story principles inPS 6

themes ofPS 1011See also Babylonian Genesis;

Tanakh; TorahGenesis, questioning of

A 1: 28Geneva, under Calvinism

B 1: 80Genghis Khan

A 1: 185Genmei (empress)

A 2: 405PS 15

Geocentrism conceptA 1: 236

GeographyA 1: 46; 2: 273

Geology, Christian creationconcepts and

A 1: 28German heathenism

A 2: 376

German Ideology (Marx)B 2: 260German Jewish Enlightenment

B 2: 27273Gershwin, George

A 2: 369Gershwin, Ira

A 2: 369Ghazal, Abu Hamid

Muhammad al-

B 1: 14551careerB 1: 14748early lifeB 1: 14546educationB 1: 14647Sufism andB 1: 14849

G H A Z A L I, A B U H A M I D M U H A M M A D A L -



25/66

Ghost DanceB 1: 5455

Gilgamesh. See The Epic of Gilgamesh

Girnar, Mount

A 2: 339Glaysher, Frederick

A 1: 77Global community, belief of in

Baha faithA 1: 7879

The Glorious MysteriesA 2: 257

Gobind Rai Sodhi. See GobindSingh (Guru)

Gobind Singh (Guru)

A 2: 423B 1: 15361, 154 (ill.)

Gobind Singh Ji, GuruPS 86

Godaspects of in Christianity

A 1: 126aspects of in Judaism

A 2: 35254aspects of in Sikhism

A 2: 42728

concept of in SikhismPS 8586goodness created byPS 6Islamic belief in

A 2: 30304love of

A 1: 121names of

A 1: 910, 42; 2: 276PS 23, 36nature of

A 1: 214PS 36, 10910, 176need for

A 1: 31oneness ofPS 17576personal experience of

A 1: 13334purpose for

A 1: 32writing conventions for

name of

PS 7God, many names of

B 2: 238God Passes By (Shoghi Effendi)

A 1: 74PS 178

Gods prophets, oneness ofPS 176

A Goddess Arrives (Gardner)B 1: 139

Goddess Spirituality movements

PS 97Goddess worship

A 2: 38284Godparents, role of in Daoism

A 1: 200Gods

as aspects of natureA 1: 16classes of in Asatru

A 2: 377depicted as animals

A 1: 42EgyptianA 1: 37, 61

Gods and goddessesA 1: 5556; 2: 246 (ill.)

Gods and goddessesof Mesopotamia

B 1: 122Gods of Sumer

A 1: 41Golden Rule

PS 126Golden Temple. SeeAmritsar (city)Goldman, Emma

PS 196 (ill.)aboutPS 19395beliefs ofPS 201

Goldstein, JosephB 1: 120

Gomatesvara statueA 2: 339

Gomorrah

B 1: 5, 6Gonxha Bojaxhiu, Agnes.

See Mother TeresaGood and evil, Daoist view of

PS 152Good Friday

A 1: 141Good government.

See ConfucianismGood living, fourteen rules for

B 2: 36364

Goodness, as creation of GodPS 6

Gorgias (Plato)B 2: 315

Gospel According toSaint Matthew

Chapter 5PS 20709Chapter 6PS 20910Chapter 7

PS 21011Gospel of JohnA 1: 137

Gospel of LukeA 1: 137

Gospel of MarkA 1: 137

Gospel of MatthewA 1: 137

Grant, Ulysses S.B 2: 396

Granth, Sri GuruA 2: 423, 42930, 429 (ill.)B 1: 16162PS 8687, 87 (ill.)

GranthiPS 87

Gravitation, law ofA 1: 26


G H O S T D A N C E


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Great DaoA 1: 18586See also Daoism

Great Epic of the BharataDynasty

A 2: 253The Great Learning (Confucius)

A 1: 163B 1: 88PS 136

Great Mother, worship ofA 1: 7

Great PharmacopaeiaA 1: 202

Great PureA 1: 188

Great RevoltA 2: 346, 348

Great Urn FestivalA 2: 260

Great Vows of MahaviraPS 13738, 145

Greatest Name symbolA 1: 80

Greco-Roman Religion andPhilosophy

A 1: 20738

aboutA 1: 212, 214impact of

A 1: 23536main beliefs of

A 1: 226overview

A 1: 20708, 210See also specific philosophers

GreekA 1: 22022hierarchy of

A 1: 6Mesopotamian

A 1: 37, 53, 61Roman view of

A 1: 220Greek mythology, eggs in

PS 2

Greek religionbeginnings of

A 1: 210, 21213festivals

A 1: 183, 231, 233

gods and goddesses ofA 1: 207, 225 (ill.)growth of

A 1: 21011See also specific gods and

goddessesGreen, Graham

A 1: 147Green Mountain Dharma Center

and Maple Forest MonasteryB 2: 363

Grihasthya stageA 2: 248Group Areas Act

B 2: 371, 372 (ill.)Group behavior

B 1: 16667Guardian, role of in Baha faith

A 1: 76Guide for the Perplexed

(Maimonides)A 2: 354B 2: 256

GurdwarasA 2: 43234B 2: 357PS 87, 88

GuruB 2: 235

Gurupurabs (Gurupurbs) holidayA 2: 436

Gurus, of SikhismA 2: 42123

HadesA 1: 222, 223, 224

HadithPS 30

Hadith, development of

B 1: 28Hadiths

A 2: 30910B 2: 300

Hafsa (wife of Muhammad)

B 2: 304Haft-Vad (Seven Valleys)

PS 177Hagar

B 1: 5, 6Hail to the Jewel in the Lotus

A 1: 104Haiti, Vodou in

A 2: 280Haj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

A 2: 306, 31415

B 1: 200 (ill.); 2: 286 (ill.)Halal, defined

PS 24Hall of Maat

A 1: 48Halloween

A 2: 390Hallucinogenic substances, use of

A 2: 274Ham (son of Noah)

B 1: 3

Hamaspathmaidyem festivalA 2: 458Hammurabi

A 1: 41Hammurabi, Mesopotamian law of

PS 205Han Dynasty

A 1: 156development of Daoism

A 1: 179PS 135

Han Xianzi (god)A 1: 190, 193

Hana MatsuriA 1: 108

Hanafi legal traditionPS 30

Hanbali legal traditionPS 30


H A N B A L I L E G A L T R A D I T I O N


27/66

Hands of the Cause of GodA 1: 75, 76

Ha-ne-go-ate-geh (Evil Minded)A 2: 286

Hanukkah (Chanukah) festival

A 1: 15; 2: 346, 36364,363 (ill.)

Hanuman (god)A 2: 262

Happiness. See AristotleHar Gobind (Guru)

B 1: 155Har Rai, Guru

A 2: 423Haram, defined

PS 24

Haran (brother of Abraham)B 1: 2

Haran (city)B 1: 3

Hare Krishna movementB 1: 7273See also Caitanya Mahaprabhu;

ChaitanyasHargobind, Guru

A 2: 422, 437Haridwar (city)

A 2: 260Harkrishan, GuruA 2: 423

HarmonyB 2: 205 (ill.)

Harmony, emphasis on in ShintoA 2: 41415

Harrer, HeinrichB 1: 94

HaruspicesA 1: 231

Hasan (son of Fatima)B 1: 19

Hasidic ceremoniesB 1: 175 (ill.)

Hasidism (Chasidism)A 2: 351B 1: 17477; 2: 271

Hauravatat

A 2: 451Hauravatat concept

PS 186Hausaland (Africa)

B 1: 102

HawanA 2: 456

Ha-wen-ne-yu(Great Spirit)

A 2: 286Haymarket Square bombing

PS 19495He Xiangu (god)

A 1: 190Head coverings, in Sikhism

A 2: 433

Head shavingB 1: 72

Heart SutraA 1: 100

HeavenA 1: 13536See also nirvana concept

Heaven, Muhammadsvisit to

B 2: 303Heavenly Pillar

PS 17Hebrew BiblePS 203See also Tanakh

Hebrew Union CollegeB 2: 391, 394, 395

Hedensk sedA 2: 376

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm FriedrichB 2: 264

Hekhaka Sapa. See Black ElkHeliopolis

A 1: 43Hellenistic philosophy

A 1: 217Heng Shan Bei mountain

A 1: 198Heng Shan Nan mountain

A 1: 198

He-no (god)A 2: 286

Henotheistic religionsA 2: 246

Hephaestus

A 1: 222Hera

A 1: 221, 223Heraclitus

A 1: 213, 221, 227, 229B 1: 27

Herbalists, in indigenous religionsA 2: 278

HermesA 1: 66, 222

Hermias of Atarneus

B 1: 35, 43Hermits of Saint Augustine

B 2: 226Herne

A 2: 380Heroic Age of the Baha Faith

A 1: 69Hesiod

A 1: 21011, 228Hess, Moses

B 2: 265

Hess, RudolfA 2: 377

HestiaA 1: 22223

Hewavitarne, (Don) David.See Anagarika Dharmapala

Hewavitarne, MallikaB 1: 108

The Hidden Words of Baha u llah

A 1: 71; 2: 404B 1: 45PS 1415, 17584similarities to other religious

worksPS 183structure ofPS 17879See also Baha Hijrah of

Muhammad Hieda no Are


H A N D S O F T H E C A U S E O F G O D


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High Magics Aid (Gardner)B 1: 140

Himmat RaiB 2: 354

Himmler, Heinrick

A 2: 377Hinayana Buddhism.

See Theravada BuddhismHindu terms of respect

B 2: 235Hindu thought

PS 111, 119Hinduism

A 2:23969aboutA 2: 243

basic theological principles ofA 2: 249definedA 2: 240deities ofA 2: 262disciplines ofA 2: 24950festivalsA 2: 25861followers of

PS 119major divisions ofA 2: 241monotheism ofA 1: 9origins ofA 2: 241overviewA 2: 239places of worship inA 2: 258spread ofA 2: 266supreme being in creation storiesPS 3supreme god ofA 2: 246PS 119three classes of

A 2: 244worship inA 2: 25658See also Paper on Hinduism

Hippias Minor and Major (Plato)

B 2: 315Hira, Mount

A 2: 292B 1: 195 (ill.)

HiroshimaA 2: 416

Hispaniola, Vodou inA 2: 280

The History of the Isrealite Nationfrom Abraham to the PresentTime (Wise)

B 2: 397Hokekyo. See Lotus SutraHola Mohalla festival

A 2: 426, 436Holbach, Paul Henri de

A 1: 26Holocaust

A 2: 349Holy Communion

A 1: 138, 143Holy day of Mahavira Jayanti

A 2: 339Holy days, in Baha faithA 1: 8082

Holy Landpilgrimages toA 1: 141See also Jerusalem

Holy of HoliesA 2: 346

Holy ordersA 1: 138

Holy SpiritB 2: 30809

Holy Spirit. See ZoroastrianismHome worship, in Buddhism

A 1: 10506Homer

A 1: 210, 228Homeric Hymns

A 1: 228Ho-no-che-no-keh

(Invisible Agents)A 2: 286

Honor killings

B 1: 199Ho-nun-den-ont

(Keepers of the Faith)A 2: 287

Hoover, J. EdgarPS 201

Hopi Indians, creation/foundation myths ofPS 3

Horus (god)A 1: 44, 46 (ill.)

describedA 1: 61war with SetA 1: 41, 48

Householders, religious duties ofA 2: 340

Houses of Worship(Mashriqu l-Adhkar)A 1: 8081

Hsun Tzu. See ConfucianismHua Shan mountain

A 1: 198Huainanzi (Huai-nan-tzu)A 1: 191

Huangdi (Yellow Emperor)A 1: 179

Huanglao mastersA 1: 179

Huddleston, Father TrevorB 2: 36869

Human activity, godsresponsibility for areas ofA 1: 46

Humanism, Marxs views onB 2: 264

Humanism, rise ofA 1: 129

Humanistic Judaism, creator-godconcept inA 1: 1920


H U M A N I S T I C J U D A I S M , C R E A T O R - G O D C O N C E P T I N


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Humanity, oneness ofPS 176

Humankind, as greatest creationof God

PS 6

Humans, five ages ofA 1: 228

Humans, uniqueness ofPS 6

Hume, DavidA 1: 26, 32

Humility, in DaoismA 1: 187

Hundred Schools of ThoughtB 1: 84

HursagA 1: 40

Husayn (son of Fatima)B 1: 19

Hutosa (queen of Bactria)A 2: 447B 2: 403

Huxley, Thomas HenryA 1: 28, 29PS 4

Hyksos invasionA 1: 44

Hymn of Praise to Enheduanna

B 1: 126Hymn to Ra

A 1: 54Hymns of Zarathushtra.

See The Gathas

I and the Village (Chagall)A 2: 369

Iberia, Muslim occupation ofA 2: 295

Ibn Affan, Uthman/UsmanPS 29

Ibn al-ArabiB 2: 343

Ibn Isma il Bukhari, MuhammadA 2: 30910

Ibn KhaldunB 1: 16369, 164 (ill.)at Qalat ibn SalamaB 1: 16667

Ibrahim. See Abraham

Idolsdestruction ofB 1: 2worship ofB 1: 156, 19596See also Ka aba

Iftar mealA 2: 313

Ihya

Ulum ad-Din(al-Ghazal)

B 1: 149

Ikhnaton. See AkhenatenIliad (Homer)

A 1: 210, 228Imam Ali. See

Ali Ab ibn TalbImam title

A 2: 302Imams

B 1: 43Imbolc

A 2: 381, 388Immaculate Conception

B 1: 190Immortalityheros search for

A 1: 7Platos views on

A 1: 22728transmigration of souls and

A 1: 227Imperial Rescript on Education

actA 2: 398

Imperial Way BuddhismB 2: 313

Implicit atheismA 1: 30

Imported religions, assimilationof

A 2: 273Inan, Abu

B 1: 165Inanna (fertility/war goddess)

B 1: 122, 124, 125 (ill.)Inanna (goddess)

A 1: 3738, 40, 53

See also Ishtar (goddess)Inanna Ziggurat

A 1: 57Incarnation

A 1: 135The Incoherence of the Philosophers

(al-Ghazal)B 1: 147

Indiaearly Hinduism in

A 1: 8

Mother Goddess inA 1: 7Protestantism in

A 1: 96secularism of

A 2: 26869India (British), division of

A 2: 425India, language of

PS 173Indian National Congress party

B 1: 134Indigenous ReligionsA 2: 27190about

A 2: 276effect of Christianity and

Islam onA 2: 27879overview

A 2: 27173practicers of

A 2: 27273ritual activities of

A 2: 273shamans/diviners in

A 2: 27475types of

A 2: 271written texts and


H U M A N I T Y , O N E N E S S O F


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A 2: 273See also African indigenous

religionsIndividual action

PS 196

Indrabetta hillA 2: 339

IndulgencesA 1: 129B 2: 227

Indus Valley culture,and HinduismA 2: 241

Inerrancy, of the BibleA 1: 34

In-nin-sa-gur-ra (Stouthearted

Lady) (Enheduanna)B 1: 126

Innumerable Meaning SutraB 2: 299

InquisitionA 1: 128

Inscription on Visualizing Spiritsand Refining Vital Breath(Sun Sumiao)A 1: 202

Insight Meditation Society

B 1: 120Institutes of the Christian Religion(Calvin)B 1: 77, 80

Intelligent designA 1: 1516, 28

International Baha CouncilA 1: 76

International CommunityA 1: 84

International Confucian FestivalA 1: 167

International Society for KrisnaConsciousnessA 2: 242, 244

The Intimate Biographyof Han Emperor Wu(Mao Shan)A 1: 205

Ion (Plato)B 2: 315

Ionian SchoolB 1: 26

Iran, Islamic Revolution in

A 2: 300Iraq, Mother Goddess

worship inA 1: 6

Iroguois tribeA 2: 28687

Isaac (son of Abraham)B 1: 5, 67

Isaiah. See Nevi imIshmael

B 1: 5, 6

Ishtar (goddess)describedA 1: 61journey to underword byA 1: 4849ritual marriage ofA 1: 53See also Inanna

(fertility/war goddess)Ishtar Ziggurat

A 1: 57

Ishvar PuriB 1: 69

Isis (goddess)A 1: 43, 46 (ill.), 61

Islam

A 2:291321aboutA 2: 295battlesB 1: 21 (ill.), 30beliefs ofA 2: 30306and ChristianityA 1: 127; 2: 35converts toB 2: 288daily life ofA 2: 31516divisions within

A 2: 29798extremists withinA 2: 30001five pillars ofB 1: 1

influence ofA 2: 31621leadership ofA 2: 302overviewA 2: 29192rise ofA 1: 8, 127role of Ishmael inB 1: 8schisms in

B 1: 1923sectarian conflict withinB 2: 292sects ofA 2: 30103similarity of Zoroastrianism toPS 19192spread ofA 2: 29697, 297 (ill.), 300status of women inB 1: 199

supreme being in creationaccounts ofPS 3symbolic behavior ofA 1: 310tolerance for other faithsB 2: 290See also hadiths; Muhammad;

Muslims; Shi ite Muslims;Sufism; Sunni Muslims

Islamic constitutionB 2: 290

Islamic empire,capitals ofA 2: 298

Islamic lawA 2: 300

Islamic prayer unitA 2: 31213


I S L A M I C P R A Y E R U N I T


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Islamic Revolution (Iran)A 2: 300

Isma ili, Abu Nasr Al-B 1: 146

Ismailis

A 2: 299Israel

creation ofA 2: 34950sacred sites inA 2: 36465

Israel, twelve tribes ofB 1: 6, 7

IsraelitesB 2: 279, 282

Israfil (angel)

A 2: 309PS 24

Issac (son of Abraham)B 1: 6, 7

Issachar (son of Jacob)B 1: 6

Isthmian GamesA 1: 233

IthmanA 2: 298

Ivory Coast

B2:

34344Iwa, in Vodou religionsA 2: 281, 282

Iyengar, B. K. S.A 2: 267

IzanagiPS 18 (ill.)children ofPS 3in Shinto creation storyPS 14, 15shrines toPS 21

IzanamiPS 18 (ill.)children ofPS 3in Shinto creation storyPS 14

shrines toPS 21

Jabra il (angel)A 2: 29293, 309B 1: 200; 2: 28788, 289PS 2324

Jacob (son of Isaac)B 1: 6, 7

Jade EmperorA 1: 196

Jade Emperor AssemblyA 1: 196

Jade PureA 1: 188

Ja fari legal traditionPS 30

Jahangir (emperor)A 2: 423B 2: 351

Jain cosmic wheelB 2: 245 (ill.)

Jain Dharma. See JainismJain menu

A2:

342Jain scripturesA 2: 33334

Jainism

A 2: 32343, 331 (ill.)aboutA 2: 326concept of creator-god andA 1: 23; 2: 323, 329cycles of timeB 2: 24445divisions ofB 2: 243holidays ofA 2: 339influences ofA 2: 34243monotheism andA 1: 8

moral basis forPS 121origins ofA 2: 325overview

A 2: 323philosophy of life ofPS 145pilgrimages ofA 2: 33940prayers ofA 2: 33536sacred texts ofPS 13738sects ofA 2: 328

similarity to Buddhism andHinduism

PS 146spread ofA 2: 32728sutras recited byA 2: 336vegetarianism andA 2: 342PS 140See also jiva

Jains, number ofA 2: 323, 325PS 146See also specific sects of

Jalal ad-Dn ar-Rum

B 1: 17985, 179 (ill.);2: 34344

early lifeB 1: 180poetryB 1: 18182, 18485travelsB 1: 180

James, George AlfredA 1: 21

James (Saint)B 2: 305

James IIB 2: 231


I S L A M I C R E V O L U T I O N ( I R A N )


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Jamshed-e Navroz holidayA 2: 458

Janam SakhisA 2: 431

Janus (god)

A 1: 231Japan

PS 3, 15Buddhism inA 1: 92; 2: 395Confucianism inA 1: 158non-believers inA 1: 31religious tradition inA 1: 95surrender of

A 2: 398symbols ofA 2: 40708

Japan, Mongol invasion ofB 2: 295, 309

Japanese/American relationsA 2: 39697

Japanese civilization, origins ofA 2: 395

Japanese ConfucianismA 1: 17273

Jashan-e Mehragan festivalA 2: 459Jashan-e Sedah festival

A 2: 459Jashan-e Tirigan festival

A 2: 459Jehovahs Witnesses

A 1: 130Jeremiah. See Nevi imJerusalem

conquering ofA 2: 294first Temple inA 2: 346pilgrimage toA 1: 141reclaiming ofA 2: 299second Temple in

A 2: 346See also Crusades

Jerusalem; or, On ReligiousPower and Judaism

(Mendelssohn)

B 2: 279Jerusalem Talmud. See TalmudJesuit missionaries, in China

A 1: 159Jesuits. See Society of Jesus

(Jesuit order)Jesus Christ

B 1: 18793, 187 (ill.),192 (ill.)

aboutPS 205adulthoodB 1: 19092birth and baptism ofA 1: 15, 131 (ill.)childhood ofA 1: 121crucifixion and death ofA 1: 12223, 123deathB 1: 192early lifeB 1: 18889

message ofPS 204as a prophetPS 24restorative powers ofA 1: 121resurrection ofA 1: 123, 131 (ill.)teachings ofA 1: 121See also Christianity;

New Testament; Sermonon the Mount

Jesus Christ, Second Coming ofA 1: 130

Jesus of Nazareth. SeeJesus ChristJetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang

Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso.See Dalai Lama

Jewish holidaysA 2: 361See also Hanukkah

(Chanukah) festival;Passover; Rosh Hashanah;

Yom KippurJewish prayer service,

components ofA 2: 36061

Jewish rights movement.See Mendelssohn

Jewish Theological SeminaryB 2: 395

Jewish tradition. See Commentaryon the Mishnah (Maimonides)

Jews

birth ofB 1: 6discrimination againstB 2: 392isolation ofB 2: 272treatment of in World War IIB 2: 33940

The Jews (Lessing)B 2: 269

Jews, enslavement of

A 2: 346Jiao ritualA 1: 19394

Jihad. See Usuman Dan FodioJina (conqueror)

A 2: 325, 329PS 139

Jinas, nature ofB 2: 243

Jinn spiritsA 2: 305

Jiva (soul)PS 138

Jiva (soul), six forms ofA 2: 33031

Jochebed, mother of MosesB 2: 285

Jomon periodA 2: 395


J O M O N P E R I O D


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Jonas, ReginaB 2: 214

Jordan RiverB 1: 3

Jotnar class

A 2: 377The Joyful Mysteries

A 2: 257Judah (son of Jacob)

B 1: 6Judah Maccabee

A 2: 364Judaism

A 2:34570, 359 (ill.)aboutA 2: 349

core beliefs ofA 2: 35254cultural aspects ofA 2: 36566denominations ofB 2: 394divisions withinA 2: 35051, 35152influence of Zoroastrainism onA 2: 452in medieval Spain

B 2: 250monotheism andA 1: 25; 2: 346overviewA 2: 345rise ofA 1: 8role of Abraham inB 1: 1supreme being in creation

accounts ofPS 3symbols ofA 2: 35659Zoroastrianism andPS 188, 19192See also Tanakh

Judaism and Christianity,Their Agreements and

Disagreements (Wise)B 2: 397

Judaism, Its Doctrines andDuties (Wise)B 2: 397

Judas IscariotA 1: 122B 1: 192

Judgment of the Dead trialA 1: 48

Judith in the Tent of Holofernes(Johann Liss)A 2: 268

JunoA 1: 122

Junzi (chun-tze) principleA 1: 161

JupaboutPS 8586See alsoSri Guru Granth Sahib

JupiterA 1: 122, 230

Justification by faith alone beliefA 1: 133

Juwayni, Abu al-Malik Al-B 1: 147

Ka soulA 1: 47, 55

Ka ababuilding ofB 1: 8casting idols fromB 2: 305ownership ofB 1: 26, 196pilgrimages toB 2: 287

Ka aba shrineA 2: 292, 31415, 314 (ill)

Kaang (god)PS 3

Kabbalah

B 1: 173Kabir

A 2: 265Kaccha

B 1: 159

Kaddish prayerA 2: 36061

Kagutsuchi (god)PS 14

Kaimoku Sho (Nichiren)B 2: 296

Kalam philosophyB 1: 147

Kali (goddess)A 2: 259, 262

Kalighat Home for the Dying

B 2: 293Kalimat-i-Maknunih

(The Hidden Words)A 1: 71PS 12223, 175

KamaA 2: 248

Kamayut Meditation CenterB 1: 117

KamiA 2: 395, 402, 403, 410

Kami spiritsPS 14, 15Kamikaze pilots

A 2: 398Kamya rituals

A 2: 258Kanga

B 1: 159Kant, Immanuel

A 1: 26B 2: 275

Kanzo ritualA 2: 281

Kapha (lubrication/structureenergy)A 2: 268

KaraA 2: 432B 1: 159


J O N A S , R E G I N A


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Karbala, battle atA2: 298

KarmaB 2: 25253PS 88, 119, 138

Jain concept ofA2: 332nature ofA2: 332types ofA2: 263, 332See also Reincarnation

Karma yogaA2: 250

Kasha (kachh)A2: 431

KashrutA2: 365

Katha functionA2: 433

Kathina, festival ofA1: 108

Kaur, taking name ofB 2: 354

KeshA2: 431B 1: 158

Keshadharis sectA2: 426Keturah (wife of Abraham)

B 1: 7Ketuvin (Writings)

A2: 354PS 5

KhadijahB 1:195202; 2: 301business activitiesB 1: 19697, 198early lifeB 1: 19596family lifeB 1: 199200self-exileB 1: 201

KhalsaA2: 427

Khalsa creationB 2: 35354

Khanda symbolA2: 431 (ill.), 432

Khanum, Khadijih

B 1: 41Kharijites

B 1: 30Khashathra Vairya

A2: 451Khashathra Vairya concept

PS 186Khawf

B 1: 13Kheiralla, Ibrahim George

A1: 74Khordad Sal

A2: 459Khorsabad, winged bull

sculptures atA1: 51

Khorshed Niyaesh prayerA2: 456

KhuddakanikayaPS 168

King Jr., Martin LutherA2: 264B 2: 36061

KirpanA2: 432B 2: 159

Kirtan functionA2: 433

Kitab al-

ibar (Universal History)(Ibn Khaldun)B 1: 163, 166, 16768

Kitab-i-Aqdas (Book of Laws)A1: 79B 1: 41, 5556PS 177

Kitab-i-Iqan(The Book of Certitude)A1: 71, 79B 1: 45PS 177

Kitchen God, ascension ofA1: 197

Kiya (wife of Akhenaten)B 1: 1314

Kiyosumidera monastery

B 2: 294Klerk, F. W. De

B 2: 373Knossos

A1: 6Knowledge

A1: 22627Knowledge of the Weapon

sutraPS 137, 14145

Knowledge-obscuring

karmaA2: 332

Knox, JohnA1: 133

KoansA1: 96

Kodashim (Holy Things)A2: 356

Kojikinature ofPS 1415

parts ofPS 1314Kojiki text

A2: 39596, 40406Kong (K ung). See ConfuciusKong Chiu. See ConfucianismKong Fuzi (K ung Fu-tzu).

See ConfuciusKong Qiu. See ConfucianismKongo tribes

A2: 281Kongzi (K ung-tzu).

See ConfuciusKoran. See Qur anKorea

Confucianism inA1: 158religious tradition inA1: 95


K O R E A


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spread of Buddhism inA 1: 92

Korean ConfucianismA 1: 172

Kornfield, Jack

B 1: 120Kosher dietary laws

A 2: 365Kris and Other Malay Weapons

(Gardner)B 1: 138

Krishna (god)A 2: 241, 262B 2: 236 (ill.)PS 119See also Gaudiya Vaishna-

vism; MahabharataKriyamani Karma

A 2: 263Ksatriyas (caste)

A 2: 263B 2: 248

Kshnoon movementA 2: 449

Kuan YinA 1: 95, 103

Kubra, Khadijah Al-.

See KhadijahKukas groupA 2: 426

Kumbh Mela (Urn Festival)A 2: 26061, 264 (ill.)

Kung Family MansionA 1: 169

K ung Fu-tzu.See Confucius

KunghaA 2: 431

KureshB 2: 330

Kushti (koshti) symbolA 2: 454, 456

Kusinagar, pilgrimages toA 1: 108

Kusti (Holy Path)A 2: 453

La Boi PressB 1: 163

Labor/hard work, emphasis onA 2: 460

Laches (Plato)B 2: 315

Lakota culture, preservingPS 34

Lakota people, religion ofB 1: 56

Lakshmi (goddess)A 2: 244, 259, 260, 262

Lamashtu (demon)

A 1: 60Lamb symbol

A 1: 138Lan Caihe (god)

A 1: 190Landvaettir (spirits)

A 2: 378Langar function

A 2: 433Lao Laizi. See LaoziLao Tzu. See Laozi

Laos, religious tradition inA 1: 94Lao-tse. See LaoziLaozi

A 1: 181 (ill.)B 2: 20309, 203 (ill.)aboutA 1: 183birth ofA 1: 17778birthday celebratedA 1: 196meeting with ConfuciusB 2: 20406originB 2: 204teachings ofA 1: 154travels

B 2: 206Las Navas de Tolosa, battle of

A 2: 296Lassalle, Ferdinand

B 2: 263

Last SupperA 1: 122, 124, 131 (ill.),

140 (ill.)Last Supper (da Vinci)

A 1: 148Lavater, Johann Kaspar

B 2: 27172Law concept

A 2: 355PS 11

Laws (Plato)

B 2: 315Lay Missionaries of Charity

B 2: 354Leadership disputes, in Baha faith

A 1: 7677League of Militant Atheists

PS 200Leap of faith

A 1: 1415Legalist School

A 1: 154

Leibowitz, NechamaB 2: 21116

Leibowitz, YeshayahuB 2: 212

LenaeaA 1: 15

Lenin, VladimirB 2: 268 (ill.)

LentA 1: 140

Lesotho (South Africa)B 2: 36970

Lessing, GottholdB 2: 268269, 274

Levi (son of Jacob)B 1: 6

LeviticusB 2: 283See also Torah


K O R E A N C O N F U C I A N I S M


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Maccabee, JudahA 2: 364

Madhva

B 2: 23540duelist philosophy

B 2: 338early lifeB 2: 23537similarities to Jesus ChristB 2: 23637studiesB 2: 237travelsB 2: 237, 238

Madhvacharya (Sri).See Madhva

Madhyamaka. See Middle wayMadinat al-Nadi

A 2: 294Magen David symbol

A 2: 35657, 357 (ill.)Maggid

A 2: 362Magha Puja Day (Sangha Day)

A 1: 108Maghi holiday

A 2: 436

MagiA 2: 447

Magi biblical storyB 2: 403

Magic wandA 2: 387

Mah Nishtanah (Four Questions)A 2: 362

Maha Bodhi JournalB 1: 111

Maha Bodhi SocietyB 1: 110

Maha Kumbh MelaA 2: 260

Maha MayaA 1: 87

MahabbaB 1: 13

Mahabodhi Temple

B 1: 110Mahabharata

A 2: 242, 253, 265Maharaja Prataparudra

B 2: 241

Mahatma Gandhi.See Gandhi, Mohandas K.

Mahavira

A 2: 328 (ill.)B 2: 24147, 242early lifeB 2: 24142Five Great Vows andA 2: 327Jainism andA 2: 323

life ofA 2: 32627PS 13940teachings ofA 2: 328B 2: 24647travelsB 2: 24344vows ofPS 13738, 145See also Jainism

Mahayana BuddhismA 1: 90, 92, 9495, 99B 1: 7374; 2: 308, 312PS 172

MahdiB 1: 43, 380

Maiden from GodA 1: 71

Maidyarem festivalA 2: 458

Maidyoshahem festivalA 2: 457

Maidyozarem festivalA 2: 457

Maimonides, Moses

A 2: 352, 354B 2: 24956, 249 (ill.)early life and travelsB 2: 24951

educationB 2: 24950influence ofB 2: 256

Maitreya (Laughing Buddha)

A 1: 103Majalis-i Sab-a (Rum)

B 1: 183Majushi

A 1: 103Makaya Vodou

A 2: 281Makharji, Kasturbai

B 1: 130Mala beads

A 2: 257

Malcolm XA 2: 300

Male-based religionsA 1: 7

Maliki legal traditionPS 30

Malkin, JohnB 2: 360

MandalasA 1: 95, 102

Mandate of Heaven

B 1: 8586Mandela, NelsonB 2: 373

Mangala SutraA 1: 11213

ManipulationA 1: 5

Mansion of BahjiA 1: 82

Mantrasin Nichiren BuddhismA 1: 99in Vajrayana BuddhismA 1: 95

Manuscript arts, Buddhist influ-ence on

A 1: 115Mao Shan (Mount Mao) sect

A 1: 185, 205


M A C C A B E E , J U D A H


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Mao Tse-tung. See Mao ZedongMao Zedong

A 1: 159, 182Mara (the Evil One)

PS 167, 169

Marathon, battle ofA 1: 211

Marcus AureliusA 1: 218

Marduk (Babylonian god)A 1: 38, 41, 42, 45, 61B 1: 2PS 11See also Festivals

Marfans syndromeB 1: 11

Marguerite of NavarreB 1: 77Marriage

ancient EgyptA 1: 63Baha A 1: 83BuddhistA 1: 11213ChristianA 1: 138Confucianist

A 1: 171MesopotamianA 1: 60

Marriage sacramentA 1: 138

MarsA 1: 122

Martyrdom of the Bab holidayA 1: 82

Marx, Karl

A 1: 27, 31, 31 (ill.), 32B 2: 25765, 257 (ill.),

262 (ill.)early lifeB 2: 258English years ofB 2: 26163health problemsB 2: 263

occupations ofB 2: 259, 260religious viewsB 2: 264travels

B 2: 26061See also Engels, Friedrich

MarxismA 1: 27

Mary (mother of Jesus Christ)A 1: 7B 1: 190, 192 (ill.);

2: 219 (ill.)Masada

A 2: 351Masculine and feminine

principles, in creation mythsPS 3

Masekhtots (tractates)A 2: 356

Mashriqu l-Adhkar(Houses of Worship)

A 1: 8081Masnavi (Rumi)

A 2: 319B 1: 182, 183

Masterless samurai

A 1: 173MaterialismA 1: 23, 24, 26B 2: 264See also Atheism; Huxley,

Thomas HenryMathematics, and ancient religions

A 1: 65Mathura (city)

A 2: 260Mattathias the Hasmonean

A 2: 364Matthew 6: A 1: 1415, 121Matthew 22: A 1: 3740, 121Matthew, Saint

aboutPS 211gospels ofPS 20711

Maturation rituals,in Confucianiam

A 1: 17071Matzo

A 2: 362

MaysaraB 1: 198

MazdayasnaA 2: 443

Mazdaznan MovementA 2: 450

Mazzolini, SylvesterB 2: 229

McKinley, William, assassinationattempt on

PS 201

The Meaning of Witchcraft(Gardner)

B 1: 141Mecca

B 1: 19596; 2: 300 (ill.)Abraham andA 2: 315conquering ofA 2: 294idol worship inA 2: 292

pilgrimages toA 2: 31516

Meccan revelationsB 2: 289

Meccan surasA 2: 307

Medical treatisesA 2: 265

Medicine, Daoism andA 1: 20102

Medieval Period of HinduismA 2: 241

MedinaA 2: 294

Medinan revelationsA 2: 307

MeditationA 1: 107 (ill.)B 1: 116


M E D I T A T I O N


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basic forms ofA 1: 104ConfucianismA 1: 167Daoism

A 1: 194exercisesA 1: 198200as means to enlightenmentA 1: 99, 10304See also Dipa Ma; Vipassana

meditation; YogaMeditation mudra

A 1: 109Meditations (Aurelius)

A 1: 218, 229

Medium Obligatory PrayerA 1: 83Medzhibozh (Podolia)

B 1: 177Meher Baba

A 2: 450Meiji Restoration

A 2: 396Melchior (magi)

B 2: 403Meme theory

A 1: 1213, 13 (ill.)

MemphisA 1: 44

Men of Poland and AustriaB 1: 176

Menassah (grandson of Jacob)B 1: 6

Mencius (Confucius)B 1: 88See also Mengzi

Mendelssohn, Moses

B 2: 26775, 267 (ill.)early yearsB 2: 26869legacy ofB 2: 274views on mysticismB 2: 271writings ofB 2: 269, 271, 27273

Menes. See MengziMenexenus (Plato)

B 2: 316Meng Tzu. See MengziMengzi

A 1: 41, 155, 15960, 163Meno (Plato)

B 2: 316Menorah

A 2: 358, 364See also Hanukkah

(Chanukah) festivalMercury

A 1: 122The Merging of Spirit and

Science (Einstein)

A 1: 116Merit vows, of Jains

A 2: 34041Mesopotamia

B 1: 2, 12122aboutA 1: 39architectural remains ofA 1: 5152creation story ofA 1: 4849

environment ofA 1: 3940festivalsA 1: 42, 60gods ofA 1: 61mathematics and scienceA 1: 65religion inA 1: 8, 37, 5657role of priests inA 1: 5253, 55writing system ofA 1: 65See also Babylonians; Egypt

Mesopotamian religionA 1: 8, 42

Messiah, describedA 1: 121

Messiah, Jewish belief inPS 203

Metamorphoses (Ovid)A 1: 211, 23839

Metaphysics (Aristotle)

A 1: 229B 1: 39

Metempsychosis beliefA 1: 214

MethodismA 1: 134

Mevlana Mausoleum (Turkey)B 1: 183 (ill.)

Mezuzah symbolA 2: 35859

Michelangelo

A 1: 14748Michkat al-Anwar (Corner for

Lights) (al-Ghazal)B 1: 14950

MiciusA 1: 155

Middle Kingdom (Egypt)A 1: 44

Middle wayA 1: 8889, 90B 1: 70

Midsummers DayA 2: 380 (ill.)

Mika il (angel)A 2: 309

Milesian SchoolA 1: 208, 213B 1: 26

MiletusB 1: 26

Military draft, opposition toPS 195

Minchah serviceA 2: 359

Mind, nature ofPS 167

MindfulnessB 1: 119; 2: 363

MinervaA 1: 122


M E D I T A T I O N M U D R A


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Minhag Amerika (Wise)B 2: 394

Ministery of DivinitiesA 2: 298

Ministry of Religion

A 2: 398Minoans. See CreteMiracles

A 1: 1011B 2: 287

Miraj of MuhammadB 2: 303

Miri symbolA 2: 432

Miriam, (sister of Moses)B 2: 285

Mirrors, symbolism ofA 2: 407

Mirza Ali Nuri, HusaynA 1: 71

Mirza YahyaB 1: 5455See also Baha u llah

MishnahB 2: 252 (ill.), 254

Mishneh Torah (Maimonides)A 2: 354, 356B

2: 25556Missionaries of CharityB 2: 29294

Missionaries of Charity BrothersB 2: 29394

Missionary workA 1: 14647

Mithra (god)A 1: 220symbol ofA 1: 230

MithraismA 2: 447

Mithraism mystery cultA 1: 220

Mittelbau-Dora concentration campB 2: 364

Mo TzuA 1: 155

ModerationA 1: 16, 187

Modern Neo-IdealisticConfucianismA 1: 160

Modern Neo-RationalisticConfucianismA 1: 160

Modern Period of HinduismA 2: 241, 242

Mo ed (Festival)A 2: 356

Mohammad. See MuhammadMohandas Gandhi. See Gandhi,

MahatmaMohandas Karamchand Gandhi.

See Gandhi, MahatmaMohomet. See MuhammadMoksha (moksa)

A 2: 248See also Salvation

Moksha, definedPS 146

Momaday, N. ScottB 1: 57

Monastary visitsA 1: 111

Monastic lawA 1: 99100

Monetary practices, of MuslimsA 2: 315

Mongol invasionsB 1: 168

Mongolia, religious tradition inA 1: 95

MonismA 1: 226B 2: 237, 338

Monks and monasteriesA 1: 126See also Daoism

Monotheismin Baha PS 17576concept ofA 1: 25

creation myths ofPS 12definedB 1: 196development of

B 1: 2in EgyptB 1: 9, 12in IndiaB 2: 239Moses andB 2: 284Muhammad andB 2: 302New Kingdom periodA 1: 4445

in Qur

anPS 23Roman EmpireA 1: 212Sankara andB 2: 338SikhismA 2: 419, 427PS 85in TanakhPS 6

Zarathushtra andB 2: 399ZoroastrianismA 2: 443

Moon crescent symbolA 2: 334

MoorsA 1: 127See also Islam

Moral codesin African indigenous

religionsA 2: 275commonality of in religionsA 1: 1112religions role inA 1: 16

Morgan (god)A 2: 380


M O R G A N ( G O D )


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Morning Hours; or, Lectures aboutGods Existence (Mendelssohn)B 2: 274

Moses

A 1: 4; 2: 346

B 2:27784, 277 (ill.),282 (ill.)

PS 24early lifeB 2: 27980Gods task forB 2: 280influences onB 1: 1213parting words ofB 2: 284

receives the TenCommandments

B 2: 278Sinai Peninsula refugeB 2: 280See also Israelites

Moses (movie)A 2: 368

Moses and Monotheism (Freud)B 1: 13

Moshe ben Maimon.

See Maimonides, MosesMotammem Al-BayanB 1: 54

Mother Earth BulletinPS 199 (ill.)

Mother Earth journalPS 193

Mo

J.Sydney Jones & Michael O’Neal - World Religions RL. Cumulative Index

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Transcript of J.Sydney Jones & Michael O’Neal - World Religions RL. Cumulative Index