JRC Emission-PECO Project and Dioxin Emissions in Candidate Countries
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Transcript of JRC Emission-PECO Project and Dioxin Emissions in Candidate Countries
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JRC Emission-PECO Project and
Dioxin Emissions in Candidate Countries
P. Dilara, B. Paradiž, Emissions and Health Unit
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The JRC is one of the twenty-four Directorate Generals of the European Commission
What is the Joint Research Centre?
CCRDG
RECHERCHEDG
BUDGETDG
AGRICULTURE DG
European Commission 20 Commissioners
Mr Philippe Busquin European Commissioner for Research
DGRESEARCH
DGJRC
DGENVIRONMENT
and TWENTYOTHER DGs
………
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The
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European CommissionEmissions and Health Unit
Socio-Economic Drivers
Environmental Pressures
Environmental State Changes
Impacts
Policy Response
Changes in Transport / industry / society
Emissions
Air Quality
Impact on Ecosystems / human health
CAFÉ ProgrammeSectoral Directives
WIND
Laboratory
VELA
Laboratory
ERLAP
Laboratory
Mobile Labs
Exposure / epi / toxi studies
EHU
REM
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• Activities of JRC to support enlargement
• Status of dioxin inventories in Candidate Countries
• CC dioxin sources profile
• Capacities at national level
• JRC small sources programme
Outline
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Enlargement Actions in JRC
• Emission-PECO and AIRPECO projects in EHU
• In total 18 Projects throughout JRC
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Emission-PECO
Set-up a network of laboratories on emissions (more than a 100 contact points up to now)
Harmonisation of measurements on emissions (round robin tests, intercalibration, training)
Review of emissions inventories, policies and measures (questionnaires, reports)
Transfer of know-how on emission measurements, EU emission regulations (visits, training, participation to/organisation of conferences)
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Main Focus
• Assist DG-ENV in implementing the Dioxin Strategy in Candidate Countries
– dioxin emissions and inventories
– policies and measures to reduce emissions
– training course on dioxin stack sampling and analysis
– intercomparison of dioxin analysis
– assessment of emissions due to household use of solid fuels and abuse of waste as fuel
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Status of Dioxin Inventories in CEEC
• CEEC: 7 out of 10 countries with 75 % of total CEEC population already presented their official inventory to CLRTAP
• Comparison with EU: 11 out of 15 countries with 78% of total EU
population already presented their official inventory to CLRTAP
• CEEC: Reported per capita dioxin emissions on average 0.03 TEQ mg in 1990
• EU: Reported per capita dioxin emissions on average 0.02 TEQ mg
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-TE
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Dioxin emissions in CEEC as reported to CTLRAP
CEEC Mean Per capita
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Dioxin emissions in EU countries as reported to CTLRAP
EU Mean Per capita
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Reported sectorial profile of dioxin emissions - CC
Com
bustion in energy and transformation Industries
Non-industrial com
bustion plants
Com
bustion in industry P
roduction processes R
oad transport O
ther mobile sources
Waste treatm
ent
Slovenia
Slovakia
Lithuania
Bulgaria
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sectorial share
[%]
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Reported sectorial profile of dioxin emissions - EU
Com
bustion in energy and trans...
Non-industrial com
bustion plants
Com
bustion in industry P
roduction processes S
olvents and other products use
Road transport O
ther mobile sources
Waste treatm
ent A
griculture
Other
Austria
Finland
France
Netherlands
UK
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are
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Approaches for dioxin emission estimations
• Most CEEC use only literature derived emission factors
• Only two countries have performed an extensive, coordinated
measurement activity in order to determine national specific
emission factors for key sources
• Uncertainty of dioxin emission estimations likely higher than in
EU, due to specific national circumstances and use of non-
verified emission factors
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Ratio of dioxin to CO2 emissions wide range of EF
BulgariaLithuania
PolandSlovenia
Slovakia
Energy industries
Transport0.000
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EQ
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Ratio of national dioxin estimation submitted to CLRTAP to the TNO/UBA estimates for 1990
* CEEC with emission factors
derived from measurements
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Priority sectors *
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
uncontrolled landfill f ires
institut ional/ commercial combustion
municipal waste incinerators
co- combustuion waste derived fuel in industry
cement production&waste co- inceneration
industrial combustion
residential combustion - wood
residential combustion - coal
residential co- combustion of waste
transport
industrial waste incinerators
hospital waste incinerators
production non- ferrous metals
production iron&steel
powerplants
percents of answers
*for reducing of overall inventory uncertainty and focusing abatement measures Responses from 12 experts from CEEC to the JRC questionnaire
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CC sources profile - waste incineration
BG CY CZ EE HU LV* LT MT***
PL RO SK SI* TR*Waste incineration
Number of municipal waste incinerators 0 0 3 # 1 0 1 0 2 0
Quantity of m.l waste incinerated [Gg] 0 0 339 # 348 0 2.9 0 179 0
N. of MWI in compliance with 2000/76 0 0 # # # 0 1 0 0 0
Number of hazardous waste incinerators 1 0 47 0 45 0 44 6 28 5
In compliance with 2000/76 0 0 # 0 # 0 8 0 6 3
Number of hospital waste incinerators 7 4 21 # 11 0 430 2 39 2
In compliance with 2000/76 1 1 # # # 0 20 0 9
Waste co-incinerated at
Powerplants + +
Cement kilns + + + + + + + +
Other +
No waste co-incineration +
# no data available form national contact point
*no response form to JRC questionnaire
SI- information preliminary assessed by JRC- do not quote
one order of magnitude lower quantity of MW incineration in CEEC than in EU (per capita)
Responses to the JRC questionnaire
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CC sources profile - industrial activities
BG CY CZ EE HU LV* LT MT* PL RO SK SI* TR*
Potential industrial sources
Iron ore sintering + + + + + + + +
Electric arc furnaces + + + + + + +
Primary non-ferrous metalproduction
+ + + + + +
Secondary aluminium smelters + + + + + +
Other non-ferrous metal recovery + + + + +
*no response to the JRC questionnaire
SI- information preliminary assessed by JRC
Responses to the JRC questionnaire
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CC sources profile - Iron&Steel
BG CZ HU PL RO SK TR EU
Rank among world crudesteel producing countries
- 23 - 19 27 32 17 -
total crude steelproduction [million tons]
- 6.2 - 10.5 4.8 3.7 15.0 158.9*
pig iron production[kg/ capita]
150 450 130 170 130 590 80 260
scrap steel consumption[kg/capita]
130 210 80 140 120 260 190 230
source: World Steel in Figures-2002 edition, International Iron and Steel Institute
200 data, 2001 where marked with *
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CC sources profile - residential heating
BG CZ EE HU LT LV PL RO SI SK CC* EU**
coal [TJ / capita] 4.3 5.1 1.9 3.7 2.4 1.0 20.3 0.5 1.4 4.6 9.1 0.9
wood [TJ / capita] 4.2 5.6 18.3 5.1 5.9 15.4 3.3 8.6 7.6 4.1 5.6 1.9
share of flats withoutcentral heating [%]
81 3 34 44 8 30 33 60 14 8 38 23
CEEC: 10 times higher coal and 3 times higherwood per capita consumption in residentialsector than EU
Source: Energy Consumption in households, EUROSTAT, 1999 (data from 1995 (EU) and 1996 (CC)
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EU vs. CC sectorial emissions
Range Snap activity EU 2000emission
share[%]
CCactivity
relative toEU
CCemissionsrelative to
EU
1 0202 Residential combustion - wood 21 + 0+2 030301 Sinter plants 12 - 0+3 090201 Municipal waste incineration - MWI 11 - - -4 090201 Hospital waste incineration 95 1201 Fires 8 0 0+6 0202 Residential combustion - coal 8 + + ++7 040309 Preservation of wood 88 090201 Municipal waste burning- illegal 4 + +9 090201 Hazardous waste incineration- HWI 4 - 0+10 040207 Electric furnace steel plants 3 -11 0701 Road transport 2 - 012 0301 Combustion in industry 2 0 013 040309 Non ferrous metal foundries 214 01 Power plants 2 0 +15 030310 Secondary aluminum production 216 030326 Metal reclamation from cables 1 0 ++
LUA - EU Dioxin Inventory Stage II data + estimations
very rough preliminary estimation
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EU inventory uncertainty contribution
Range snap activity EU 2000 share in low –high estimate difference [%]
1 0202 Residential combustion - wood 222 030301 Sinter plants 183 090201 Municipal waste incineration -MWI 174 040309 Preservation of wood 55 090201 Hazardous waste incineration - HWI 56 090201 Municipal waste burning - illegal 57 040207 Electric furnace steel plants 58 090201 Hospital waste incineration 49 0202 Res. combustion- coal 310 1201 Fires 211 01 Power plants 212 030326 Metal reclamation from cables 213 040309 Non ferrous metal foundries 2
LUA - EU Dioxin Inventory Stage II
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Identified capacities at national level
Dioxin stack sampling groups + dioxin lab: • Czech republic,• Hungary, • Poland, • Slovenia.
Dioxin stack sampling group:
• Lithuania ?
Dioxin lab: • Slovakia, • Latvia ?
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Dioxin Labs Intercomparison Campaign
CC1 CC3
CC3
Bavel van B.: Final report Seventh Round of the International Intercalibration Study, 2002
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JRC small sources programme
• Parallel approach: direct measurement of emissions and inverse modelling of dioxin ambient air concentrations
• New JRC small sources facility put into the operation– optimisation of the test ring to reflect real world conditions,– physical conditions identified which cause elevated dioxin conditions
from stoves in comparison with central heating boilers,– 2 additional visiting scientists from CC to work on the issue
• Inverse modelling– preliminary results of the evaluation of the data from Graz, Austria and
Krakow, Poland indicate high emission factors– new measuring campaigns planned for 2003/2004 heating season
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Conclusions
• Emissions sources profile not uniform across the CC - national approach has to be followed
• Different source profile in CC than in EU - importance of the non-industrial sources might be higher
• Proficient stack sampling group exist in CC as well as some proven dioxin labs
• GEF supported enabling activities under POPs convention starting in CC - possible synergies with “Dioxin emissions in CC”