Jornada técnica CONTROL de EMISIONES ATMOSFÉRICAS...
Transcript of Jornada técnica CONTROL de EMISIONES ATMOSFÉRICAS...
Jornada técnica CONTROL de EMISIONES ATMOSFÉRICAS
Aplicación de la norma UNE-EN-14181
INSTALACIÓN SISTEMAS AUTOMÁTICOS
Moisés Rodríguez Martín
I & C Analítica – Dpto Medio Ambiente
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ContenidosPower Plant
• 2.- Analítica de gases
• 1.- Introducción Compañia ALSTOM POWER
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Estructura global de ALSTOM
ALSTOM
TransportPower Systems
Power Service
Ser la elección de proveedor de servicios, facilitando plantas completas e integradas
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•Nuclear (Ciclo secundario)
Presencia en Mercados
•Industrial
•Gas •Carbón
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Servicios y Productos
•Generadores•Turbinas de Gas
•Calderas/HRSG •Medioambiente •Instrumentación & Control
•Turbinas de Vapor
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Emisiones a la atmósfera
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Planta tipo
Boiler
EconomizersStack
ReagentInjection Point
ID FanFabric Filter
ElectrostaticPrecipitator
Localización de los sistemas dentro de la Planta
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Reducción de Partículas;Filtro de Mangas
Gestión de las mangas
• Selección• Cambio• Instalación• Disposición
Control Remoto FF • Ajustes• Estado de Mangas• Funcionamiento• Proceso• Fallos
Diseño de Válvulas por pulsos
Optimización de la selección del material de las mangas
Laboratorio de análisisRevisión de diseño
Aerodinámico• Compuertas• Vanos Guía• Ventiladores• Conductos
Optimización de Tolvas• Diseño• Calentamiento• Salidas
Inspecciones en campo
• Proceso• Eléctricas• Mecánicas• Aisladores/fugas
Optimización de la Operación• Coste de Operación • Aire Comprimido• Aditivos
Actualizaciones • Mecánicas• Eléctricas • Control
Sistema de transporte • Capacidad• Propiedades• Equipamiento
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Reducción de Partículas;Electrofiltro
Gestión de repuestos
• Selección• Cambio• Instalación• Disposición
Control Remoto ESP • Ajustes• Estado Mecánico• Parámetros eléctricos• Funcionamiento• Proceso• Fallos
Diseño de golpeos
Optimización de los tiempos de golpeo y Reparaciones realizadas
Laboratorio de análisisRevisión de diseño
Aerodinámico• Distribución de Flujo• Pantallas distribuidoras• Ventiladores• Conductos
Optimización de Tolvas• Diseño• Calentamiento• Salidas
Inspecciones en campo
• Proceso• Eléctricas• Mecánicas• Aisladores/fugas
Optimización de la Operación• Coste de Operación • Consumo electrico• Aditivos
Actualizaciones• Mecánicas• Eléctricas • Control
Sistema de transporte • Capacidad• Propiedades• Equipamiento
OEI. UNE.EN-14181© ALSTOM 2008. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposesonly and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
10Reducción de Partículas(Pequeñas dimensiones);ELPAC & FABPAC
•FABPAC; Filtro de mangas para caudales de 20.000 a 230.000 m3/h
•ELPAC; Electrofiltro para caudales de 7.000 a 170.000 m3/h
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11Reducción de Contaminantes; Nox, DSOx, Hg, Metales,Ácidos, Dioxinas,etc
•Distintos Sistemas según el tipo, la cantidad y la sinergia de los contaminantes.
•Ejemplos;• Inyección de NH3 antes de Filtro de Mangas• Desulfuradoras(WFGD, FGD,NID)• Sistemas Denox (SCR, SNCR)
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Equipamiento complementario
•Electrofiltro;• Transformador de alta frecuencia SIR• Controlador EPIC III• Repuestos Mecánicos
•Filtro de Mangas;• Controlador EFFIC• Válvulas de soplado por Pulsos
OEI. UNE.EN-14181© ALSTOM 2008. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposesonly and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Amplio espectro de Servicios
Asset ManagementServices & Products
Assessment, Diagnostics & Monitoring, upgrades, modernisation
Parts, maintenance and technical services
Full PlantServiceProvider
Supplier ofValue-added
Solutions
Parts &Maintenance
Supplier
Maintenance management,service contracts,Operation & Maintenance
Service Alliances
OEI. UNE.EN-14181© ALSTOM 2008. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposesonly and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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CASUÍSTICA QAL2 corrientes no laminares
Orden 18-10-1976 “Anexo III Situación Mediciones
“ 1 Situación... la distancia a cualquier perturbación del flujo gaseoso sea como mínimo ... ocho diámetros en el caso que la perturbación se halle antes del punto de medida según la dirección del flujo, o de dos diámetros si se encuentra en dirección contraria”
“Debe tenerse en cuenta que la disminución de las distancias L1 y L2 por debajo de los valores 8D y 2D, ... Obligan a un mayor número de puntos de medición y muestreo en la sección de la chimenea”
En cualquier caso, nunca se admitirán valores de
L1< 2D y L2 < 0,5 D
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UNE 13284-1 determinación punto muestreo
UNE 13284-1:2001
Punto 5.2 “d) el cociente entre la mayor y menor velocidad del gas local inferior a 3:1
Nota – Generalmente,los requisitos anteriores se obtienen en secciones del conducto con al menos 5 diámetros hidráulicos del conducto entre el plano de muestreo y la perturbación anterior y dos diámetros hidráulicos resprecto a la perturbación posterior”
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UNE 77 219 determinación punto muestreo
UNE 77218 Cap. 5.2.2. Localizacion del punto de muestreo
“..... Si un analisis preliminar de las medidas obtenidas en la seccion transversal indica una variacion mayor de +/- 15% en las concentraciones y si no se dispone de una localizacion alternativa aceptable, se recomienda un muestreo multipunto.
Esto se puede realizarse bien moviendo la sonda de punto a punto o disponiendo de una sonda con orificios de entrada multiple. ...”
CONCLUSION
1 Sistema multiextractivo, varias sondas extractivas
2 Sistema extractivo multipunto, una sola sonda extractiva
3 Sistema insitu DOAS, no extractivo
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•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea
Analítica de gases Power
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Analítica de gases Power
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea
Normal operation: 100% gas flow to WFGD
Pressure loss:
400 Pa
Total pressure loss:
3896 Pa
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Analítica de gases
•Cv: 7%•Max deviation: + 9%•Min deviation: - 24%
Velocity [m/s] at measure section SO2 at measure section
•Cv: 0%•Max deviation: + 0%•Min deviation: - 0%
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimeneaOPERACION 35% BY -PASS
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea35% Part. by-pass operation
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea
•Cv: 5%
•Max deviation: + 8%
•Min deviation: - 19%
Velocity [m/s] at measure section SO2 at measure section
•Cv: 69%
•Max deviation: +150%
•Min deviation: - 88%
OPERACION 35% BY -PASS
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimeneaOPACÍMETRO:
Medida óptica
CAUDALÍMETRO:
Ultrasónico
30 ... 60°
ANALÍTICA:
IR y UV [SO2, Nox, CO, O2, H2O]
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Analítica de gases Power Plant
•GASES SUCIOS (BR004): Aspiración booster fan
TOMA DE MUESTRAS
Inclinación 10ºC
LINEA TRACEADA
160-170ºC
Reguladores de temperatura sonda y línea calentada
0.5-1 l/min
Alarma bajo caudal
Filtro SO3Filtro aerosoles
Alarma baja temperatura
Alarma de humadad
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Analítica de gases Power Plant
•GASES SUCIOS (BR004): Aspiración booster fan
ENTRADAS ANALOGICAS, DIGITALES
ANALIZADOR DE SO2 / 02
RotámetroRegulador Tª línea calentada
Filtro deaerosoles
Filtro de SO3
Enfriador de muestra
Aire acondicionado
Entrada sonda calibración
Salida calibración O2 humedo
Salida calibraciónsonda Entrada línea calentada
Entrada aire deinstrumentación
OPACIMETRO
Salida venteo, condensado s
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1. Multiextractivo, 3 Sondas
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea1.- SISTEMA MULTIEXTRACTIVO: 6 SONDAS
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea2.- SISTEMA MULTIEXTRACTIVO: 1 SONDA
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2. Extractivo multipunto, una sola sonda
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Determinación punto medida optimo
¿Como definir la mejor posición (representatividad) en un sistema in situ cross stack?
Analizamos 8 posibles lineas de posición
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Estudio Fluodinámico
♦ Deviation defined as following:
In this case the max. and min. deviation of a certain parameter is evaluated taking into consideration any possible value of the parameter on the trasverse section. For this application, it is calculated based on a grid of 64 points, as done for the Cv.
[ ]medium
mediumminmax,
VVV −
Realizamos un estudio fluodinamico en la sección de medida
Coefficient of variation (Cv) defined as follows:
For the present application, it is calculated based on a grid of N points defined by the meshed domain.
[ ]V N
VVCV 2medium
N1i mediumi
⋅∑ −
= =2
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Estudio Fluodinámico by pass 35 %
Fig. 5.1-1– SO2 mass fraction [%] – distribution on analysis section
MS 17-analysis section
Analysis line 1
Analysis line 2
Analysis line 3
Analysis line 4
Analysis line 5
Analysis line 6
Analysis line 7
Analysis line 8
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Estudio Fluodinámico Cálculo Cv al 35 %
SO2 MASS FRACTION [%]
LINE 1 LINE 2 LINE 3 LINE 4 LINE 5 LINE 6 LINE 7 LINE 8
-6.47 -8.03 -6.97 -4.21 -0.89 2.11 4.48 6.19
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Estudio Fluodinámico by pass al 10 %
MS 17-analysis section
Analysis line 1
Analysis line 2
Analysis line 3
Analysis line 4
Analysis line 5
Analysis line 6
Analysis line 7
Analysis line 8
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Estudio Fluodinámico Cálculo Cv al 10 %
SO2 MASS FRACTION [%]
LINE 1 LINE 2 LINE 3 LINE 4 LINE 5 LINE 6 LINE 7 LINE 8
6.23 5.94 3.90 1.31 -1.83 -5.48 -9.08 -12.02
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK: PRINCIPIO DE MEDIDA
Light source
Computer
A/Dconverter
Receiver
Multiplexer
Fibre opticcable
Detection system
Data storage
Monitor
Monitoring path
Grating set
Spectrometer
Grating
System Schematic
T1
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK: PRINCIPIO DE MEDIDA
Sistema de monitorización en continuo
Su principio de medida se basa en la absorción de la luz que recorre un determinado camino óptico debida a los contaminantes atmosféricos presentes en ese recorrido.
Ley de Lambert-Beer que establece la relaciónentre la cantidad de luz absorbida y el número de moléculas presente en el recorrido de la luz.
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK: HUELLA ESPECTRAL
λ nm/200 300 400
SO CS2 2
O 3
N O N H 3 N O 2
Cl ClO2 2H g0
FormaldehydeBenzene, TolueneStyrene, Phenol
2500 28001900 2200 λ nm/1300 1600
H O2 CO 2
CH 4H F
H Cl CO
N O2
Approximate Wavelength Intervals forSome Gases
T5
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK: HUELLA ESPECTRAL
• Para seleccionar la longitud de onda, un disco giratorio (que permite una resolución de 0,4 nm) se coloca frente al fotomultiplicador que detecta la intensidad luminosa, y la convierte en una señal digital que puede ser almacenada en la unidad central.
• El espectro atmosférico medido se usa para obtener el espectro diferencial
• A partir de la correlación múltiple entre el espectro medido y los valores pregrabados: HUELLA ESPECTRAL de los gases atmosféricos que absorben en la misma región del espectro se determinan las concentraciones, que son almacenadas en el ordenador junto a sus desviaciones estándar y niveles de luz.
OEI. UNE.EN-14181© ALSTOM 2008. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposesonly and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK: HUELLA ESPECTRAL
OEI. UNE.EN-14181© ALSTOM 2008. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposesonly and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
41
Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK: HUELLA ESPECTRAL
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK: CERTIFICACIONES
SIREP, U.K.
SO , NO, NO , CO 2 2 2
TÜV, Germany – in accordance with 17. BImSchV
Component
SONONONHH OPhenolFormaldehydeMercuryCOHCl
2
23
2
Minimum measurement range
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0 – 80 mg/m0 – 150 mg/m 0 – 20 mg/m 0 – 10 mg/m0 – 30% Vol.0 – 20 mg/m0 – 20 mg/m0 – 150 g/m0 – 75 mg/m0 – 15 mg/m
μ
Minimum measurement
time (sec.)
310 510101030103030
U.S. EPA
Complies with the U.S.EPA. The U.S. installa-
tions are certified accor-ding to 40 CFR Part 60
and 40 CFR Part 75
Approved by Tested by
Process and Emission Control
EM37
OEI. UNE.EN-14181© ALSTOM 2008. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposesonly and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK: CONFIGURACIÓN SISTEMA
AR 600/AR 650 System ConfigurationTop view
AC 180 Air-conditioned Cabinet
AR 650Analyser
AR 600Analyser
TIR2
EM 060Emitter
PW 061Purge aircassette
PS 150Power supply
NO, NO , SOHg, NH etc.
2 23
HCl, CO, HFCH , N O
H O, CO etc.4 2
2 2
RE 062Receiver
PW 061Purge aircassette
OF 100BFibre optic cable
OF 060RFibre optic cable
OEI. UNE.EN-14181© ALSTOM 2008. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposesonly and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
44
Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK: CONFIGURACIÓN SISTEMA
COMPONENTES PRINCIPALESEMISOR:
Equipado con una lámpara de xenon a alta presión que emite luz en longitudes de onda en el espectro visible, ultravioleta, e infrarrojo y un espejo parabólico que actúa como colimador.
RECEPTOREquipado con un espejo que focaliza la luz recibida hacia una fibra óptica que conduce el haz luminoso hacia una red de difracción ubicada en la Unidad central.
ANALIZADORSistema compuesto por fotodetectores y fotomultiplicadores que permite, junto al software adecuado, evaluar y analizar la perdida de luz debido a la absorción molecular que se produjo en el camino recorrido, y en función de dicha longitud obtener las concentraciones de los elementos atmosféricos deseados.
OEI. UNE.EN-14181© ALSTOM 2008. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposesonly and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
45
Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK
OEI. UNE.EN-14181© ALSTOM 2008. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposesonly and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
46
Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK
OEI. UNE.EN-14181© ALSTOM 2008. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposesonly and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
47
Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK: CALIBRACIÓN
Span and Zero CalibrationContinuous Emission Monitoring
Vent (to outdoors)
Reference gas
EmitterEM 060
Calibration cells
ReceiverRE 060
Calibration Bench CB 100
Fibreoptic
cable
Power supplyPS 150
Analyser AR 600 series
Power cable
T8
OEI. UNE.EN-14181© ALSTOM 2008. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposesonly and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
48
Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK
OEI. UNE.EN-14181© ALSTOM 2008. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposesonly and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
49
Analítica de gases
•GASES LIMPIOS (BR010): Conducto salida a chimenea3.- SISTEMA DOAS IN SITU CROSS STACK