Jørgen Primdahl, The Centre for Forest & Landscape, University of Copenhagen

1. A few words on landscape functions and models for future landscapes

2. Examples from recent planning experiments

3. Four dimensions of landscape strategy making

Working with communities – strategy making for multifunctional rural landscapes

EMILA Summer Workshop: Working with communities on multifunctional landscape, Amsterdam Academie of Architecture, September 9, 2011

References:The parish of Lihme, Jutland 1948The parish of Lihme, Jutland 2009

Feedstuff and chemicals

Dairy (Arla Foods)

World market

’Space of flows’¹

Own feedstuff Impacts

’Space of place’¹

¹)Castells 2000

New trends in (Danish) countryside planning

The overall approach is changing – from regional designations to municipal planning

From sectorial planning to comprehensive planning

From informing citizens to involving citizens

Two local landscape experiments: Nees and Lihme

Nees

Lihme

Three points:

• No plans and policies affect the landscape, they affect peoples behaviour and decisions about landscape

• Three roles of the farmer: owner, producer and citizen. Three kinds of landscape decisions

• Historically, the agricultural landscape has been produced and maintained through an combination of individual and collective decisions – today the community has lost power over it’s landscape

Nees

• extensification

• Aforestation

• Stabilisation of population

• Growth in wildlife

• New schemes for aforestation, restrictive env.regulation, grassing scheme

Poor conditions for agricultural production

Current change patterns

A turbulent landscape history

1880 1980/85

Heathland

Forest and wood lots

Wet grasslands

Bogs

Ditches, water courses and ponds

Hedgerows

Nees – main spatial patterns

Landmark

Significant site

Significant roads

Clear edges

Districts

0 1 2 km

0 1 2km

Potential restored wetlands

Eksisting thickets and forest

New forest

Potential restored heathland

Nees – two alternative proposals for aforestation (1990)

1990

2009

A Plan09-project sponsored by Realdania

Co-operation between Skive municipality, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Landscape + 5 local communities

Objective: to develop models for municipal countryside planning

Method: 5 experimental ’real life’ plannning processes

Time frame: March 2008-december 2009

Second example: Lihme

Multifunctional landscapes – strategies, tools and projects

Activities and workshops

Common meeting for all areas

Formation of working groups

SWOT analysis for each area område

1. workshop – the work with the landscape strategy begins (lectures, excursion, discussions)

Working group meetings

2. workshop (expert panel, ’confrontation dialogue’

Working groups – public meetings

Concrete plans

Integration into the municipal plan

Approaches to landscape character and landscape conditionThe landscape character is

about:

Identification and description of homogeneous areas – unique ones and types

We have proposed the following character types: Built up areas Wetlands Bluffs and vallies Dense hedgerow

patterns Small holder

settlements Farms in undulating

terrain Farms in hilly terrain

The landscape condition is about: Historical developments

Habitats (biodiversity/’local nature’)

Natural resources (soil and water)

Cultural heritage

and

Landscape aesthetics Stability (based on

appearance) Readability and narrativity ’Vitality’ (living and dead

areas) Other aspects of aesthetics

Landscape character and landscape condition

Experiences from the proces: Lihme parish

Ideas and proposals for a landscape strategy after the 2. workshop

Lihme as a green village

Lihme as a green village

10/04/23

4

Lihme: Current (Aug. 2011) Strategic Projects:

• New small subdivisions in the villages to attract middle income families and relocate pensioners

• Renewal of Lihme village including renovation of houses, new plantings and a village forest

• Renovation of Gyldendahl harbour

• New walking trail network and green corridors to link the village and the coast

• Bio-energy initiatives

Local landscape strategies –a way forward?

Regional plans and policies

The owners’ landscape management and local visions

Diagnosis: Character and condition

Landscape strategy for conservation and development

Specific plans and projects

Rural development programme

Other programmes

NATURA 2000 and Water frames

Municipal planning

On landscape strategy making Four dimensions of place making¹:• Mobilising attention to the

”whole”. Why is this strategy needed and what difference will it make? What makes this area so interesting? What is the vision – what we dreaming about?

• Scoping: capturing the situation – where are we and where to we want to be? What is the historical background? What is the issue(s)? Who are the stakeholders? Who are the potential winners and loosers?

• Mobilising and enriching the knowledge resources available. How do we bring different disciplines together and in dialogue with local knowledge? What is the relationship between the current landscape functions and the landscape pattern?

• Generating strategic ideas on framing concepts and key projects for action. (The ‘Green heart’, the Fingerplan, ‘Red for green’, NATURA 2000) ¹ Based on Healy (2009) on how to organize

spatial strategy making processes

Landscape strategy making