TABLE OF CONTENTS

JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGYVol. 21: released March 2010

Billard M., Vignon E.: Fluctuating relations of hip and knee osteoarthritis prevalence in late prehistoric french populations. 5

CEsana d.T., PaoluCCi a., angElini l.r., Milia M.l., d’anasTasio r.:Multiple weapon trauma in an adult individual from the medieval necro-polis of Monte d’Argento (XI-XV A.D. - Central Italy). 15

Józsa l.g., Farkas g.l.: Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (Bamberger-Marie disease) in a medieval skeleton: morphometric, radio-logical and histological study. 25

MEssina a., sìnEo l.: Dental paleopathology among sicilian human population.

33

sCaPinElli r.: Macroscopic and radiological study of the bones of Francesco Petrarca with particular regard to the sequelae of traumatic injuries. 41

TaddEi ruggiEro E., TaddEi a., raia P.: Paleopathological cases in Brachiopod shell. 63

Journal of PaleopathologyUniversity Museum

State University “G. d’Annunzio”66100 - Chieti (Italy)

Volume 212009

partially supported by

FONDAZIONE CARICHIETI

Institute for BioarchaeologySAN FRANCISCO, CA (USA)

The Ministry for Cultural and Environmental Heritage classifies theJournal of Paleopathology as a publication of high cultural value

(Art. 25, Law 8-5-1981, n. 416, and Art. 18, Law 2-25-1987, n. 67). Il Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali riconosce il

Journal of Paleopathology come un periodico di alto valore culturale, ai sensidell’Art. 25, Legge 5-8-1981, n. 416 e dell’Art. 18, Legge 25-2-1987, n. 67.

The Journal of Paleopathology is registered to Communication Operators Register(Art. 11, Law 416/81) at the number 5150.

Il Journal of Paleopathology è iscritto al Registro Operatori Comunicazione(Art. 11, Legge 416/81) con il numero 5150

Published byTecnovadue – Chieti (Italy)

EDITOR Luigi Capasso (Italy).

EDITORIAL BOARD Alexeeva Tatiana (Russia); Arthur C. Aufderheide (U.S.A.); Don R. Brothwell (England); Domingo Campillo (Spain); Luigi Capasso (Italy); Arnaldo Capelli (Italy); † Eve Cockburn (U.S.A.); † Jean Dastugue (France); Gino Fornaciari (Italy); Judyta Gladykowska-Rzeczycka (Poland); † Mirko D. Grmek (France); † Paul A. Janssens (Belgium); Antonia Marcsik (Hungary); Renato Mariani-Costantini (Italy); Donald J. Ortner (U.S.A.); Friedrich W. Rösing (Germany); Michael Schultz (Germany); Ted R. Steinbock (U.S.A.); Eugen Strouhal (Czech Republic).

COPY EDITOR Mary Lucas Powell (U.S.A.).

PUBLISHER Tecnovadue - Chieti Scalo - 66013 Chieti (Italy).

EDITORIAL SECRETARY Antonietta Di Fabrizio (Italy), Elisabetta Michetti (Italy) and Rossano Angelini (Italy).

ADDRESSES Business address: all business mail, including subscriptions, book and issue orders, and payments, should be addressed to: Journal of Paleopathology - University Museum, State University “G. d’Annunzio” - Piazza Trento e Trieste - 66100 Chieti (Italy).Scientific address: all scientific mail, including submissions of original papers for publi­cation, books to review, and off-print orders and payments, should be addressed to: Journal of Paleopathology - University Museum, State University “G. d’Annunzio” 66100 Chieti (Italy).or to: anthropos@unich.it

Publication data: Journal of Paleopathology is published 1 issue annually.Subscription rates: subscriptions run for a full volume, (not necessary corresponding to calendar year). Prices are given per volume, surface postage included.— Personal or institutional subscription: 90 €.Single issues and back volumes: information on availability and prices can be obtained through the Editorial Secretary.Book reviews: books are accepted for review by special agreement.

Methods in paleopathology Studies on mummified materials

Chemical, biochemical and molecular studies

Studies on written and artistic sources

Skeletal dysplasias Skeletal malformations

Trauma Metabolic disorders

Endocrine disturbances Infectious diseases

Paleoparasitology Circulatory disturbances

Reticuloendothelial and hemopoietic disorders Other diseases

Lesions of the joints Tumors

Mechanical deformities Paleoepidemiology

Non human and comparative pathology

Ancient history of medicine and artificial lesions

Paleonutrition and stress indicators Lesions of jaws and teeth

Lectures Book review

KEY TO THE GRAPHIC SYMBOLS

Direttore Responsabile: Luigi CapassoAut. Trib. TE N. 338 del 3 luglio 1992

The Journal of Paleopathology is registered toCommunication Operators Register (Art. 11, Law 416/81)as the number 5150

Journal of PaleopathologyVol. 21 - 2009© 2010 by Associazione Antropologica AbruzzeseJournal of Paleopathology. Via dei Tintori, 166100 Chieti (Italy) All rights reserved for all Countries

J.o.P. 21 2009: 5-14

FLUCTUATING RELATIONS OF HIP AND KNEEOSTEOARTHRITIS: PREVALENCE IN LATE PREHISTORIC

FRENCH POPULATIONS

M. Billard *E. Vignon **

Abstract.In this paper we compare the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) of hip and knee

joints in two different skeletal series and the relationship between them. 166 indivi-duals of the Neolithic and protohistorical periods were examined for OA. Between the Néolithic and the Iron Age periods the ratio of hip to knee OA increases as the prevalence of knee OA diminishes; conversely, the ratio of patellofemoral to tibio-femoral OA tends to decrease with diminution of patellofemoral OA prevalence. These results indicate a different relationship between hip and knee OA than is seen today, due to the mechanical constraints during daily activities of those earlier times.

Introduction.Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a

disease particularly prominent during the last century, showing a higher prevalence than OA of the hip (Van Saase & al., 1989). The predominance of knee OA over hip OA appeared in post-medieval populations (Waldron, 1995), while hip OA prevailed during earlier epochs. We have examined the frequency of those two localizations of OA in much more ancient times, in order to observe if there was a particular

evolution in their respective prevalence and to discuss the epidemiology of each type. In the present study, we have examined osteoarchaeological samples from the region of Auvergne in France, dated to Late Prehistory.

Material and Methods.The skeleton populations were

interred in five nearby cemeteries located to the east of the City of Clermont-Ferrand, in the plain of Limagne, eastward of the “Monts Dôme” volcanic

* Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Biologique et de Paléopathologie. Université Lyon 1 (France).** Service de Rhumatologie. Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud (France).

J.o.P. 21 2009: 15-24

MULTIPLE WEAPON TRAUMA IN AN ADULT INDIVIDUAL FROM THE MEDIEVAL NECROPOLIS OF MONTE D’ARGENTO

(XI-XV A.D. - Central Italy)

D.T. Cesana *A. Paolucci *L.R. Angelini **M.L. Milia ***R. D’Anastasio ***

Abstract.An interesting case of multiple cranial lesions caused by weapons has been

observed in a skull (MdA 70) from the medieval archaeological site of Monte D’Ar-gento (Latina, Central Italy). The skull belongs to an adult male and presents a morphological variant identified as an ossicula suturae squamosae; post cranial bones attributable to this skull are not available. The anthropological data has been collected following classical methods for age and sex estimation. The palaeopathological evidences were investigated with macroscopic, microsco-pic and radiological analysis that reveals the presence of several lesions. An healed trauma on the frontal bone seems to be caused by a blade. In other regions of the skull bullets-holes are visible: on the left temporal bone, in the right parietal and in the right asterion area. The first lesion left an opening in the skull. The second one is similar to the first but did not across the cranial vault; an active inflamma-tory reaction is observable around the bullet hole resulting in an external pitting and thickening. The last one preserves an iron projectile (its composition has been identified with a chemical analyzer) still embedded in the bone tissue. These three bullets-holes could have been inflicted with the same kind of weapon (maybe an ar-row or a throwing weapon). Probably the temporal lesion is related with the cause of death.This case of multiple weapon lesion on MdA 70 adds to other similar evidence and suggests a dynamic warrior life for the population of Monte D’Argento.

* Dottorato di ricerca in Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara (Italy).** Dottorato di ricerca in e-Learning, Development & Delivery, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara - Università Telematica Leonardo da Vinci (Italy).*** Dipartimento di Scienze del Movimento Umano, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara (Italy).

J.o.P. 21 2009: 25-31

HYPERTROPHIC PULMONARY OSTEOARTHROPATHY (BAM-BERGER-MARIE DISEASE) IN A MEDIEVAL SKELETON: MOR-PHOMETRIC, RADIOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY

L.G. Józsa *G.L. Farkas **

Abstract.Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (Bamberger-Marie disease) has a

peculiar periosteal proliferation distinctive from other bone diseases. The authors studied of skeletal remains from the medieval cemetery of Bátmonostor (Hungary) and found one male skeleton with bilateral symmetric periosteal proliferation of the tubular bones. The thickness of the cortex varies between 6 -11 mm on the metacar-pals to 12 - 15 mm on the ulnas. The Nordin index for metacarpals was elevated by 124 -156 per cent compared to the normal values. The histologically fine lamellar bone formation was oriented to the long axis of the metacarpus. In the affected bones, the lamellar bone apposition was unequal both in thickness and number of lamellae.

Introduction.Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is a

disease entity characterized by bulbous deformity of digits and by periosteal proliferation of tubular bones. Clubbing of digits and toes is one of the earliest recognized abnormalities in the medical literature, first described by Hippocrates (1939) about 450 BC. When X-rays be-came availables as a diagnostic tool, these bone changes were described by Bamberger in 1889. The term osteoar-

thropathie hypertrophique pulmonaire’ was used first by Pierre Marie in 1890. These macroscopic bone changes were illustrated by Compere et al. (1935) in a subject with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The most common causes of hypertro-phic osteoarthropathy are intrathoracic chronic infections (tuberculosis, fungal pneumonitis, etc.), cancer, and cyanot-ic heart diseases, but the disorder may appear with hepatic cirrhosis and also other pathologies (Engel & al., 1980;

* Department of Pathology, National Institute of Traumatology, Budapest (Hungary).** Department of Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged (Hungary).

J.o.P. 21 2009: 33-39

DENTAL PALEOPATHOLOGY AMONGSICILIAN HUMAN POPULATIONS

A. Messina *L. Sìneo *

Abstract.This article examines dental caries prevalence to interpret the biocultural im-

plications of agriculture in Sicilian populations from the Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages. Statistically significant differences in patterns of carious teeth and antemor-tem tooth loss were observed. The study of these dental diseases expands our know-ledge about the conditions of life and health status in Sicilian populations.

Introduction.The study of teeth is an important

avenue to expanding our knowledge of different nutritional disorders in human societies (Cordain & al., 2000). The Neolithic marked a profound change in culture, demography, and the economic foundation of human populations, as the man became a “producer” of food through agriculture and farming (Zohary & Hopf, 1988; Cowan & Watson, 1992; Cauvin, 1994; Guilaine, 2000).At the beginning of the Holocene, populations in the Near East began to cultivate plants and domesticate animals (Bar-Yosef & Belfer-Cohen, 1992).

Early agriculture also developed in other parts of the world, as in Asia where rice was the most cultivated plant (Imamura, 1996; Bellwood, 1996; Crawford, 1992) and in the New World with the cultivation of maize (Blake & al., 1992), while wheat was typical of European and Mediterranean cultures. It is undeniable that the transition from nomadism and foraging to a sedentary agricultural lifestyle had significant consequences for the human health (Starling & al., 2007).One of the most profound changes to occur with the foraging-to-farming transition was the widespread decline

* Laboratorio di Antropologia, Dipartimento di Biologia animale “G. Reverberi” Palermo (Italy).

J.o.P. 21 2009: 41-62

MACROSCOPIC AND RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE BONES OF FRANCESCO PETRARCA WITH PARTICULAR REGARD TO

THE SEQUELAE OF TRAUMATIC INJURIES

R. Scapinelli *

Abstract.Macroscopic and radiological examination of the skeleton of Francesco Pe-

trarca (1304-1374) showed an above average length and thick cortices of the long bones, increased prominence of the bony attachments of tendons and ligaments and a large pelvis, i.e. features consistent with a sturdy robust subject. There was some valgus deformity of the tibiae and a probable reduced anteversion of the femoral necks. Apart from slight signs of spondyloarthritis and osteoporosis, there was no evidence of important congenital or acquired disorders of the bones. The major joints were free from osteoarthritis. Diffuse processes of ossification of the ten-dinous and ligamentous insertions (so-called DISH) involved the limbs and pelvis.In accordance with the autobiographical references, traumatic sequelae were de-tectable in the left distal femur and in the head of the right radius. The femur sho-wed a large cortical defect and periosteal reaction due to a chronic infection secon-dary to a deep wound caused by a horse kick (1350). The head of the radius showed slight deformity and osteoarthritic changes, most probably caused by an indirect trauma that involved the upper limb on occasion of a fall to the ground together with a horse (1345).

* Honorary professor of Orthopaedics, University of Padua, Padova (Italy)

Introduction.I was given by Prof. Vito Terribile Wiel Marin, coordinator of the scienti-fic committee appointed to identify the body and tomb of Petrarca (November 18, 2003), the task of examining from

an orthopaedic, traumatologic, and ra-diological point of view the skeleton of the Poet.In the fulfillment of this task, in addition to the respect due to every deceased per-son, I felt great emotion deriving from

J.o.P. 21 2009: 63-74

PALEOPATHOLOGICAL CASESIN BRACHIOPOD SHELLS

E. Taddei Ruggiero *A. Taddei *P. Raia *

Abstract.Brachiopods are hard-shelled marine organisms with a long history tracing back

to the Palaeozoic. Despite brachiopods seem to be less than preferable prey, their fos-sil record is full with examples of paleopathological affections. These kind of manife-stations vary in intensity from simple alteration of the shell surface, due to attachment of foreign organisms, to the demolition of ample sections of the shell margins due to large predators. In the first case, the host reacts by shell tissue overgrowth, which typically results in a peculiar cyst developing within the shell wall. In the second case, even extensive damages may be repaired by tissue proliferation in the affected zone, which may results in an abnormally shaped, although live, individual. Altogether, brachiopods show a discrete resilience to even major pathologies, given their flexible development and the ability to produce new shell tissues throughout life.

Introduction.Brachiopods are a phylum of marine

animals provided with a shell made of two valves covering the upper and lower surfaces of the body. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection along a commissure line. The two major natural groupings of brachiopods are Articulate and Inarticulate.

Articulate brachiopods have toothed hinges and simple opening and closing muscles, while inarticulates have un-toothed hinges and more complex mus-cles. In a typical brachiopod a pedicle projects from an opening in the hinge or from a hole in the ventral valve, thus providing an attachment device for these sessile organisms.The inner body includes a mantle that secretes the shell and encloses the

* Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli (Italy).

Errata corrigE

Journal of Paleopathology Vol. 20 N. 1, 2, 3 p. 5 (in the paper titled: “Facial reconstruction and meningioma-related hyperostosis in a 2000 BP man from the Peruvian Andes”)

ERRATA: P. Bianco A. Corsi F. Gattini D. Porta

CORRIGE: F. Gattini A. Corsi D. Porta P. Bianco

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