Joints. Joints Joint (articulation, arthrosis): a point of contact between two bones The jxn....

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Joints Joints

Transcript of Joints. Joints Joint (articulation, arthrosis): a point of contact between two bones The jxn....

JointsJoints

JointsJoints

Joint (articulation, arthrosis):

a point of contact between two bones

The jxn. Between neighboring bones

Joint Classifications: (3 types)

1. Fibrous:

bone-bone (skull sutures)

No movement

2. Cartilaginous:

bone-cartilage-bone

1o: No movement (cranial base)

2o: limited movement (V.C. & sternal angle)

3. Synovial:

bone-space-bone

free range of movement

*most joints in the body*

4 rules:

- space: synovial cavity

- fluid: synovial fluid

- membrane: synovial membrane

- capsule & Lig.: fibrous capsule &

supporting lig.

Types of Synovial JointsTypes of Synovial Joints

6 types

1. Planar (plane):

flat surfaces

gliding movement

i.e. intercarpal Js,

2. Hinge:

convex concave surface

angular (open & close) motion

i.e. elbow

interphalangeal

3. Pivot:

pointed surface ring shape

rotational movement

i.e. atlanto-axial joint

(as noting “NO”)

radio-ulnar joint

4. Condyloid (ellipsoidal):

oval bony projection fits into

oval depression of another bone

i.e. atlanto-occipital joint

wrist joint

5. Saddle-shaped:

saddle shaped surface as a sitting rider

*modified condyloid joint

i.e. trapezium & thumb metacarpal

6. Ball & Socket

ball like surface cuplike depression

circumduction

i.e. shoulder joint

hip joint

ArthritisArthritis

Inflammation of the joints in which joints are swollen & painful

3 types

1. Osteoarthritis:

degenerative joint disease in which cartilage is gradually lost due to continuous friction “wear & tear”

- most common - affects large joints (knee & hip)

2. Rheumatoid arthritis:

autoimmune disease in which immune system of the body attacks its own tissues (joint cartilages)

- usually bilateral - affects smaller joints first

3. Gouty arthritis (GOUT): النقرصdeposition of sodium urate crystals in the joints which produces acute pain & swelling of the joint

due to accumulation of uric acid in blood

uric acid + Na sodium urate salt crystals

*most often: feet & hands

“Disease of Kings”

Selected Joints of The BodySelected Joints of The Body

- Shoulder joint (Glenohumeral)

- Hip joint

- Knee joint

Anatomy of The JointsAnatomy of The Joints

1. What is the type of the joint?

2. What are the articular surfaces of the joint?

3. What are the supporting ligaments?

4. What kind of movement is available?

5. Any special characteristics of the joint?

GlenoHumeral (Shoulder) JointGlenoHumeral (Shoulder) Joint

Type: Synovial (ball & socket)

Articulations:

Head of humerus

Glenoid cavity of scapule

Ligaments:

1. Fibrous Capsule

2. Coraco-humeral lig.

3. Gleno-humeral lig.(3)

4. Transverse humeral lig.

Movements:

Circumduction

Includes??

Characteristics:

The fibrous capsule is Weak inferiorly

due to:

1. penetrated inferiorly by tendon of long head of triceps

2. Joint is surrounded (stabilized) by group of muscles called: Rotator Cuff muscles

*except inferiorly