John CarrPortec Australia

Murdoch Universitywww.portec.com.auwww.portec.com.au

The artiodactyla –even toesPigsPigs

But also Cattle and Camels

But also related to the whales -But also related to the whales -Ambulocetus

One of the early pigsEntelodontEntelodont

Today's suina - suborderHippopotamdaeHippopotamdae

Tayassuidae

SuidaeSuidae

HippopotamdaeHippopotamusHippopotamusHippopotamus amphibius

Pigmy hippopotamusHexaorootodon liberiensis

Tayassuidae –the PeccariesAmerica’s pigsAmerica’s pigs

Collared peccary

Scent glands

White lipped peccary

Chacoan peccaryLocalised area in BrazilLocalised area in Brazil

Suidae - FamilyFive genus:Five genus:BabyrousaPotomochoerusPhacohoerusHylochoerusHylochoerusSus

Babyrousa babyrussa

PotamochoerusPotamochoerus larvatus –Bush pigPotamochoerus larvatus –Bush pigPotamochoerus porcus –Red River hog

Phacohoerus –Wart hogsPhacochoerus africanusPhacochoerus africanusPhacochoerus aethiopicus

P. aethiopicus –no incisors upper

Hylochoerus meinertzhageni –GiantForest Hog

SusPigmy pig–Sus salvanius –extremely endangeredPigmy pig–Sus salvanius –extremely endangered

Bearded pig –Sus barbatus

The island pigsSus verrucosusSus verrucosus

Sus celebensis

Sus cebifronsSus philippensisSus philippensis

Sus bucculentus

Many island pigs have pairs of warts and tassels

Sus scrofa –Wild boar

http://www.portec.com.au/thepig/basics/otherpigs/piggeneral1.htm

Sus scrofa –The domestic pig

While pigs were domesticated 9000 years ago –there are over 700 breeds of pigs, modernwestern breeds are modern –less than 200 years

What are pigs used for?Meat–40% of the meat consumptionMeat–40% of the meat consumptionSkin and leather productsPharmaceutical products–blood and valves for example

Pleasure and company–pet pigs

How is the industry structured?

Multiplication farms6000 sows

Commercial farms90,000 sows

Males(boars)

Females(gilts)

Nucleus farm500 sows

How is the farm designedWeaning

Farrowing

Weaning

Grow/finish

Basic Pig Life Cycle

Breeding

Gestation115 days

SlaughterSelection

Nucleus farm

Country Millions of pigs

China 460India 17Indonesia 6Indonesia 6Korea North 3Korea South 9Malaysia 2Myanmar 4New Zealand 0.4

And

Pork is 62% of themeat eaten in China

New Zealand 0.4Philippines 12Taiwan 7Thailand 7Viet Nam 22

State PercentageNSW 30NSW 30Queensland 21Victoria 19South Australia 17Western Australia 12

Western AustraliaSow Herd WA

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

1992 2001 2004 2007So

ws 0

200

400

600

800

1000

Pro

du

cers

Sows

Producers

3o,ooo sows.Major foreign market Singapore

1992 2001 2004 2007

Year

So

ws

The pig cycle