1.Johari Window A model for self-awareness, personal development, group development and understanding relationshipAdapted from www.businessballs.com, Copyright alan chapman 2003

2. The Johari Window modelA simple and useful tool forunderstanding and training self-awareness, personal development,improving communications,interpersonal relationships, groupdynamics, team development and inter-group relationshipsDeveloped by American psychologistsJoseph Luft and Harry Ingham in the1950s, calling it Johari after combiningtheir first names, Joe and HarryEspecially relevant due to emphasis on,and influence of, soft skills, behaviour,empathy, cooperation, inter-groupdevelopment and interpersonaldevelopment 3. The modelAlso referred to as a disclosure/feedbackmodel of self awareness, and aninformation processing toolRepresents information - feelings,experience, views, attitudes, skills,intentions, motivation, etc - within or about aperson - in relation to their team, from fourperspectivesCan also be used to represent the sameinformation for a team in relation to otherteams 4. TerminologyRefers to self and others Others - other people in the teamSelf - oneself, i.e., the personsubject to the Johari Windowanalysis 5. The four Johari Window perspectivesCalled regions or areas or quadrants.Each contains and represents theinformation - feelings, motivation, etc - interms of whether the information is knownor unknown by the person, and whetherthe information is known or unknown byothers in the teamThe four regions, areas, quadrants, orperspectives are as follows, showing thequadrant numbers and commonly usednames 6. Johari window four regions1. Open area, open self, free area, free self, or the arena: what is known by the person about him/herself and is also known by others -2. Blind area, blind self, or blindspot: what is unknown by the person about him/herself but which others know3. Hidden area, hidden self, avoided area, avoided self or faade: what the person knows about him/herself that others do not know4. Unknown area or unknown self: what is unknown by the person about him/herself and is also unknown by others 7. The Johari Window Based on a four-square grid Like a window with four panes 8. Standard representationSelfKnown UnknownKnown 1 2Open/Free BlindAreaArea OthersUnknown 3 4HiddenUnknownAreaArea 9. The Johari Window panesShow each quadrant the same sizeCan be changed in size to reflect therelevant proportions of each type ofknowledge of/about a particular person in agiven team situationIn new teams the open free space for anyteam member is small because sharedawareness is relatively smallAs the team member becomes betterestablished and known, so the size of theteam members open free area quadrantincreases 10. Johari quadrant 1 Open self/area, free area, public area, arena Also known as the area of free activity Information about the person - behaviour, attitude, feelings, emotion, knowledge, experience, skills, views, etc - known by the person (the self) and known by the team (others). The aim in any team is to develop the open area for every person, because when we work in this area with others we are at our most effective and productive, and the team is at its most productive too The open free area, or the arena - the space where good communications and cooperation occur, free from distractions, mistrust, confusion, conflict and misunderstanding 11. Team members Established members tend to have larger open areas than new team members New members start with relatively small open areas because relatively little knowledge about the new team member is shared Other members can help a team member expand their open area by offering feedback The size of the open area can also be expanded vertically downwards into the hidden or avoided space by the persons disclosure of information, feelings, etc about him/herself to the team and team members Can help a person expand their open area into the hidden area by asking the person about him/herself 12. Increasing open area throughfeedback solicitationIncreasing the open area , byreduction of the blind area, by13asking for and then receivingfeedbackOpen/Free Can also be developed through Blindthe process of disclosure,Area Area which reduces the hidden areaThe unknown area can bereduced in different ways: by24others observation (whichincreases the blind area); byHidden Unknownself-discovery (which increasesArea Area the hidden area), or by mutualenlightenment - via groupexperiences and discussion -which increases the open areaas the unknown area reduces 13. Managers and Leaders Play an important role in facilitating feedback and disclosure among group members, and in directly giving feedback to individuals about their own blind areas Also have a big responsibility to promote a culture and expectation for open, honest, positive, helpful, constructive, sensitive communications, and the sharing of knowledge throughout their organization Encouraging the positive development of the open area or open self for everyone is a fundamental aspect of effective leadership 14. Johari quadrant 2 Blind self or blind area or blindspot: what is known about a person by others in the group, but is unknown by the person him/herself Could also be referred to as ignorance about oneself, or issues in which one is deluded Not an effective or productive space for individuals or groups Also include issues that others are deliberately withholding from a person The aim is to reduce this area by seeking or soliciting feedback from others and thereby to increase the open area, i.e., to increase self-awareness Team members and managers take responsibility for reducing the blind area - in turn increasing the open area - by giving sensitive feedback and encouraging disclosure Managers promote a climate of non-judgemental feedback, and group response to individual disclosure, and reduce fear 15. TeamWhich understands itself i.e., each member having a strongmutual understanding with the team - is far more effective thana team which does not understand each other i.e., whosemembers have large hidden, blind, and/or unknown areasMembers - and leaders - should strive to increase their openfree areas, and to reduce their blind, hidden and unknownareasSeeking feedback about the blind area will reduce the blindarea, and will increase the open free areaDiscovery through sensitive communications, active listeningand experience, will reduce the unknown area, transferring inpart to the blind, hidden areas, depending on who knowswhat, or better still if known by the person and others, to theopen free area 16. Johari quadrant 3Hidden self or hidden area or avoided self/area or facadeWhat is known to ourselves but kept hidden from, and thereforeunknown, to othersRepresents information, feelings, etc, anything that a personknows about him/self, but which is not revealed or is kept hiddenfrom othersAlso include sensitivities, fears, hidden agendas, manipulativeintentions, secrets - anything that a person knows but does notrevealRelevant hidden information and feelings, etc, should be movedinto the open area through the process of self-disclosure andexposure processOrganizational culture and working atmosphere have a majorinfluence on team members preparedness to disclose theirhidden selvesThe extent to which an individual discloses personal feelings andinformation, and the issues which are disclosed, and to whom,must always be at the individuals own discretion 17. Johari quadrant 4Unknown self, area of unknown activity, unknown areaInformation, feelings, latent abilities, aptitudes, experiences etc, that areunknown to the person him/herself and unknown to others in the groupCan be prompted through self-discovery or observation by others, or throughcollective or mutual discoveryCounselling can also uncover unknown issuesAgain as with disclosure and soliciting feedback, the process of self discoveryis a sensitive oneUncovering hidden talents - that is unknown aptitudes and skills, not to beconfused with developing the Johari hidden area - is another aspect ofdeveloping the unknown area, and is not so sensitive as unknown feelingsManagers and leaders can create an environment that encourages self-discovery, and to promote the processes of self discovery, constructiveobservation and feedback among team membersThe unknown area could also include repressed or subconscious feelingsrooted in formative events and traumatic past experiences, which can stayunknown for a lifetime 18. Johari window model for new team member ormember within a new team2The open free is small because1 Blind Area others know little about the newOpen/FreepersonArea Similarly the blind area is small because others know little4about the new person3The hidden or avoided issuesUnknownand feelings are a relativelyArea large areaHiddenArea The unknown area is the largest, which might be because the person is lacking in self-knowledge or belief 19. Johari window model for established teammember2The open free region is1large because others BlindOpen/Freeknow a lot about theAreaArea person that the person also knows Through disclosure and receiving feedback the 4 open area has expanded and at the same time3 Unknownreduced the sizes of theArea hidden, blind andHidden unknown areasArea 20. The complete Johari Window ModelKnownUnknownaskby selfby selfKnown by1 Feedbacksolicitation 2othersOpen/FreeBlind tellAreaAreaSelf-discovery/exposure SharedOthersdiscovery observations HiddenUnknownUnknownArea Self Areaby others 3 discovery 4 21. Comparing Johari Window with TuckmansForming, Storming Norming Performing teamdevelopment model As the team develops maturity and ability, relationships establish, and the leader changes leadership style - beginning with a directing style, moving through coaching, then participating, finishing delegating and almost detached The progression is: forming storming norming performing 22. Forming - Stage 1High dependence on leader for guidance anddirectionLittle agreement on team aims other than receivedfrom leaderIndividual roles and responsibilities are unclearLeader answer lots of questions about the teamspurpose, objectives and external relationshipsProcesses are often ignoredMembers test tolerance of system and leaderLeader directs 23. Storming - Stage 2Decisions dont come easily within groupTeam members vie for position as they attempt to establishthemselves in relation to other team members and the leader, whomight receive challenges from team membersClarity of purpose increases but plenty of uncertainties persistCliques and factions form and there may be power strugglesThe team needs to be focused on its goals to avoid becomingdistracted by relationships and emotional issuesCompromises may be required to enable progressLeader coaches 24. Norming - Stage 3Agreement and consensus is largely formed among team, whorespond well to facilitation by leaderRoles and responsibilities are clear and acceptedBig decisions are made by group agreementSmaller decisions may be delegated to individuals or small teamswithin groupCommitment and unity is strongThe team may engage in fun and social activitiesThe team discusses and develops its processes and working styleGeneral respect for the leader and some of leadership is moreshared by the teamLeader facilitates and enables 25. Performing - stage 4More strategically aware; knows clearly why it is doing what it isdoingHas a shared vision and able to stand on its own feet with nointerference or participation from the leaderHas a high degree of autonomyDisagreements occur but now they are resolved within the teampositively and necessary changes to processes and structure aremade by the teamAble to work towards achieving the goal, and also to attend torelationship, style and process issues along the wayMembers look after each otherRequires delegated tasks and projects from the leaderDoes not need to be instructed or assistedMight ask for assistance from the leader with personal andinterpersonal developmentLeader delegates and oversees 26. Forming, storming, norming performing model normingstorming performingforming 27. Johari Window also relate to Emotional Intelligence (EQ) A new way to understand and assess peoples behaviours, management styles, attitudes, interpersonal skills, and potential An important consideration in human resources planning, job profiling, recruitment interviewing and selection, management development, customer relations and customer service, and more Argues that IQ, or conventional intelligence, is too narrow; that there are wider areas of emotional intelligence that dictate and enable how successful we are Embraces two aspects of intelligence:1. Understanding yourself, your goals, intentions, responses, and behaviour2. Understanding others, and their feelings 28. Four domains of EQ1 2 By developing EQ, wecan be more productiveSelf Awareness Social and successful at what Awarenesswe do, and help othersto be more productive3 4 and successfulEQ can reduce stress forSelf-Relationshipmanagementindividuals and Managementorganizations, bydecreasing conflict,improving relationshipsand understanding, andincreasing stability,continuity and harmony