Jörn Sieglerschmidt: German digital libary | 6th Information Policy Forum Tallinn, Sept. 16th,...

Jörn Sieglerschmidt: German digital libary | 6th Information Policy Forum Tallinn, Sept. 16th, 201021.04.23

The German digital library project

Jörn SieglerschmidtFraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems

Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum (Library Service Centre) Baden-Württemberg

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National Library of EstlandTallinn, September 16th, 2010

Jörn Sieglerschmidt: German digital libary | 6th Information Policy Forum Tallinn, Sept. 16th, 201021.04.23 2 of 51

German Digital Library: aims and adressees

• enhancement of the access to digitized content

• books, threedimensional objects, manuscripts, images, audios, audiovisual objects, videos

• national aggregator of Europeana

• services for those, who will deliver data (extranet)

• platform of information enhancement and exchange

• services for collaborative and individual work of users on the data (internet)

• participants: archives, libraries, museums, monument preservation, archæological sites, sciences, humanities: all digitized content of German cultural and scholarly institutions

• addressees: scholars, teachers, pupils, media, the culturally interested general public


board of governors (9 members for four years: 4 representa-tives of each the Fe-

deration and the Länder, 1 represen-tative of the munici-

palities

Federal Government

Federal States

Municipalities

Executive board: 1-3 persons

accounts yearly

accounts yearly

nominate

Network of competence: initially 13 members

-------------------------------------------General meeting of the network of competence

elects

nominate

takes part in meetings of

office (SPK)

proposes a new member (2/3

majority)

approves the proposal of a new member

Basis: 30000 cultural heritage institutions

nominate

Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek: political and organizational structure


network of competence

Foundation of historical museums Hamburg

State, Regional, and University Library of Saxony Dresden

State and University Library of Lower Saxony Göttingen

Bavarian State Library Munich

German National Library Frankfurt/ Leipzig/ Berlin

State Archives Baden-Württemberg Stuttgart

German Film Institute Frankfurt

State Office of Bran-denburg for Preser-vation of Monuments

Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Berlin

Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation Berlin

Federal Archive of Germany Koblenz/Berlin

Library Service Centre Baden-Würt-temberg Konstanz

Digital archive of art and culture Düs-seldorf

Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek: network of competence


Current state of the project

• forming of political and professional bodies

• constructing the technical infrastructure (hardware options: speed of data processing, storage)

• choosing the technical tools and repository structure (software options: open source vs. commercial)

• choosing the professional tools (standards and authority files)

• development of ideas and decision regarding the user interface

• communication and web design

• proposals regarding IPR issues and licensing of data (open access vs. commercial use)

• GDL data provider agreement

• building up the services of the extranet (provider information, tools for the ingest of data)


domains:(film/ image) archive,

museum, library, monument preservation

consolidation

semanticanalysis,

entity recognition

Data pro-cessing re-lated to use cases (who, where,… )

Full textindex

user interfaceAPI

connectingexternalsystems

presentation

analysis

consolidation web API

web API

fire

wal

l

Sec

uri

ty a

rea

fire

wal

l

web API

functional and security areas


German Digital Library (Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek)

<http://www.ddb.de><http://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de>


German Digital Library (Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek)


One example: Europeana (Eurpean Digital Library)


Europeana


üpoadfgölkjuzwrem xycvoi wrm,n<cxyoiw eremnb<ycgwer,mnbfvbdölkaejhgfqertzhlj

phrase match in a character string

üpoadfg§ölkjuzwrem xycvoi &wrm,n<cxyoiw ermnb<ycgwer,§mnbfvbdölk &aejhgfqer

simple tags: §, &

üpoadf§RoleActorölkjuzw&wrm,n<cxyoiw eremnb<ycgwer,§NameActormnbfvbdölk&

<museumdat:RoleActorölkjuzw/museumdat:RoleActor>rem xycvoiwrm,ncxyoiw gwer, <museumdat:NameActormnbfvbdölk/museumdat:NameActor>aejhgfqertzhlj

complex tags with initial and final tag

XML tags

Metadata and ontologies: tagging a file


Dublin Core Metadata Element Set: ISO 15836


Dublin Core Metadata Element Set


Comité International pour la documentation (CIDOC): CRM


• Comité International pour la documentation (CIDOC)/ Conseil international des Musées/ International Council of Museums (ICOM)

• ISO 21127: 84 classs (entities), 141 relations (properties)

• domain specific, expandable ontology (cultural heritage)

• Knowledge organization by:

• integration of knowledge structures in ch institutions (libraries, archives, museums, monument preservation etc.)

• exchange of information

• combination of data from different strands and domains of knowledge by using national and international standards

• precise and flexible mapping of complex data structures, in order to cover scholarly information needs

Conceptual Reference Model


Entity Primitive Value

Number

Time Primitive

String

Temporal Entity Persistent ItemTime Span Place Dimension

Condition State Period

Event

Activity

Begin Existence

End Existence

StuffActor AppellationContact Point

Legal Object Man Made Stuff

Physical Stuff

Information Object

Physical Man Made Stuff

Conceptual Object

Physical Object

Physical Man Made Stuff

Physical Feature

Design/Procedure

Linguistic Object

Document

Visual Item Mark

Image

Conceptual Reference Model: classes


Relations (properties):

• is identified by (identifies)

• has type (is type of)

• has time-span (is time-span of)

• took place on or within (witnessed)

• consists of (forms part of)

• occurred in the presence of (was present at)

• was influenced by (influenced)

• was intended use of (was made for)

• had specific purpose (was pupose of)

• transferred title of (changed ownership through)

• has dimension (is dimension of)

• refers to (is referred to by)

• is composed of (forms part of)

Conceptual Reference Model: relations (properties)


museumdat.org


• Different databases with a variety of data structures

• Harvesting of data by a machine, i. e. automatically

• Data exchange in case of e. g. a loan

• Use of the data for different internet platforms

• Enlargement, adaptation, maintanence of the format• New working group of CIDOC concerned with the format: Data harvesting and interchange• Expectation that museumdat will become an internationally acknowledged und distributed format

Why museumdat?


museumdat data delivery: net of contributors to portals


• Lightweight Information Describing Objects

• Catogeries for the Description of Works of Art (CDWA Lite): J. P. Getty Trust

• Spectrum (The UK Museum Standard): MDA, MLA (Museums, Libraries and

Archives Council)

• museumdat (Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, Foto Archive Marburg)

museumdat → LIDO


• metadata (METS, MODS, DC, TEI, EAD, LIDO, IPTC, CIDOC CRM, EDM …)

• audio files (mp3, wav, …)

• video files (mpeg, …)

• text files (pdf, txt, doc, …)

• image files (jpg, tif, bmp, …)

• internal structure of data (chapter, pages, sequences, parts of books, films, audios,

objects, …)

Formats and structures of different media


persons

places

times

things

multilinguality

subject headings of national libraries

unique reference to an individual concept

reference tosynonyms, polysems, homonyms

reference tobroader, narrower,similar concepts

1. Reliability of automatic indexing

2. Reliability of controlled vocabulary

Automatic indexing vs. controlled vocabulary


Thesaurus: RAMEAU


Thesaurus: Library of Congress Subject authority headings


LC Subject Headings: Concept Details and Visualization


Thesaurus: Subject headings LC


Subject headings of the German National Library


OPAC of the Southwestern Union Catalogue


Descriptor and Wikipedia entry


J. Paul Getty Trust: Research Institute, Vocabulary Program


Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN)


Arts and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)


Union List of Artist Names (ULAN)


Iconclass: iconographic classification


Iconclass.org


Iconclass.nl: browser


Iconclass: Abstract, non-representational art


Iconclass: Meteorological phenomena, rain


Iconclass: Query for rain


Intelligent Browsing

http://www.izew.uni-tuebingen.de/lewi/assoziativ.html


Explicit knowledge: algorithmic knowledge, that could be reproduced with regard to explicit rules and without regard to social contexts (benennbares, eindeutig kommunizierbares und nach angebbaren Regeln abrufbares Wissen).

Implicit knowledge: knowledge how to act, to behave (Handlungswissen); physical knowledge (Körperwissen); heuristic knowledge (standard operating procedures); intuitive knowledge (experience, emotions).

Pictorial (metaphorical) knowledge: images and histories making sense; perception knowledge (Anschauungswissen); memory knowledge (Erinnerungswissen); abstraction knowledge (Abstraktionswissen).

Pöppel, Ernst: Wissen – und wie es kommuniziert werden kann. [Knowledge ‒ and how it is communicated] In: Ball, Rafael (Hg.): Wissenschaftskommunikation der Zukunft. (Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Reihe Bibliothek 18) 2007, 11-21. [http://hdl.handle.net/2128/2893]

Types of knowledge following Ernst Pöppel


Frans Francken (1581 – 1642), Cabinet of Curiosities 1625, Art History Museum Vienna


Andrea Domenico Remps (ca.1620–ca. 1699), Cabinet of Curiosity 1690, Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Firenze


Qui scit ubi scientia habenti est proximus.

Who knows, where the knowledge is, is closest to the knowing.

(Otlet, Paul: Traité de documentation. Bruxelles: Mundaneum 1934, p. 2)

Paul Otlet ( 1868-1944), founder of the systematic bibliology

Jörn Sieglerschmidt: German digital libary | 6th Information Policy Forum Tallinn, Sept. 16th, 201021.04.23 48 von 15

Paul Otlet ( 1868-1944), founder of the systematic bibliology: the cataloguing room in the Palais Mondial 1903


“The desk is no more loaded with any book. Instead of that there are a screen

and a telephone within reach. Remote at a different place there are the books

and the information in a huge building … From there the page to be read will

appear on the screen, in order to get an answer to a question put by

telephone without and with a wired connection. The number of screens will be

doubled, quadrupled or increased tenfold, if it is welcome to display many

texts and documents simultanously (at once). There would be a loudspeaker,

if the visible must be supplemented by the audible, the seeing by the

listening. Today utopia, because such things nowhere exist, but it might

become reality, if methods and tools are enhanced, still. And such an

enhancement could reach a state that the documents are delivered

automatically on the screen and the sequence of following documents

automatically either …” Paul Otlet, Traité de documentation, 1934, p. 428

Paul Otlet ( 1868-1944), founder of the systematic bibliology or: the Otlet galaxy in 1934


Thank you very much for your patient attention.

Jörn Sieglerschmidt

Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems

[email protected]

<www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/> <www.ddb.de>

Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum (Library Service Centre) Baden-Württemberg

http://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/

http://www.ddb.de/


competitiveness

competence uniqueness+

action right action +

skill will +

knowledge application+

information context+

meaning+

sign syntax+

operat

ive

info

rmat

ion a

nd

knowle

dge m

anag

emen

t

data

stra

tegic

knowle

dge m

anag

emen

t

Staircase of knowledge (Klaus North, Wissensorientierte Unternehmensführung, 2002)


What‘s new in Web 2.0?

semantic network(ing)

participation

New users.

New approach of using?

Different forms

of perception!

Great expectations: Web 2.0

applications& services

technologies &programming languages

software &systems


Cooperative and collaborative production of knowledge, sharing of knowledge (virtual individualism vs. virtual collectivism)

Community building and networking

Semantic network(ing)

Blogs

Networks (facebook, flickr, twitter, …)

Semantic maps

Ontologies

Problems:Lacking authenticity, genuineness, sinceritypermanent public

Social tagging

Folksonomies

Wikis

Aims and problems


The kind of documentation is dependent on its purposes. Documentation is not an end in itself.

Questions of documentation should never be of an ideological, but of a pragmatic kind.

Documentation should serve only (and exactly only) one aim: the enhancement of the retrieval of knowledge relevant to our daily work.

Three general remarks about documentation


Ontologies, Metadata schemas, other (tagged) formats

Syntax / Grammar

Semantics

Pragmatics

Vocabulary: thesauri, classifications, word nets

Data: databases, files

Semiosis Interpretant

Overview and purposes of ordering devices


• Documentation languages:

A documentation language is a set of terms which are used for the description of documents following prescribed rules in order to store and retrieve documents.

• ThesaurusA thesaurus is a set of controlled terms regarding synonymy,

homonymy, and polysemy. In each term set a preferred term must be defined. Terms are related by subordination (narower term), superordination (broader term) and similarity (related term). The relationsships could be expressed by a polyhierarchy or a monohierarchy.• Classification

A classification is a system of abstract, hierarchically ordered classes of concepts, types or categories. Each class is labelled by a notation, a

unique identifier normally used for shelving.

Documentation languages


clothing

function part of body age gender

swimming

sleeping

protection

professional

leisure

head

feet

children men

poly- vs. monohierarchy


Europeana Data Model: Classes


Europeana Data Model: Properties

Jörn Sieglerschmidt: German digital libary | 6th Information Policy Forum Tallinn, Sept. 16th, 201021.04.23 60 von 15

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