Jobs in a Clean Energy Economy: Science, Engineering, and Policy ...
Transcript of Jobs in a Clean Energy Economy: Science, Engineering, and Policy ...
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University ofCalifornia,Berkeley
Renewableand AppropriateEnergy Laboratory
Jobs in a Clean Energy Economy: Science
Berkeley gy yUC Berkeley
Jobs in a Clean Energy Economy: Science, Engineering, and Policy Perspectives
Daniel M. Kammen
E d R G & G ld S h l f P bli P liEnergy and Resources Group & Goldman School of Public PolicyDirector, Renewable and Appropriate Energy LaboratoryDirector, Transportation Sustainability Research Center
U i i f C lif i B k lUniversity of California, Berkeley
http://rael.berkeley.edu
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
p: . y.February 4, 2010, Madison, WI
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Major U.S. Public Research and Development Programs
red=defense, black=space, orange=health, blue=energy
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
Nemet, 2007; Nemet and Kamen 2007; Kammen and Nemet, 2005
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United States’ Public and Private Sector Energy Research and Development SpendingResearch and Development Spending
Kammen and Nemet (2008) Unpublished
• We are at a critical moment - momentum exists for change of direction• Carbon cost/benefit assessments needed for federal programs
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
• Energy efficiency and transmission/storage goals and roadmaps needed• Tremendous economic benefits possible in a low-carbon economy
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Patents and R&D Funding Correlated
Kammen and Nemet (2005) “Reversing the incredible shrinking energy R&D budget,” Issues in Science & Technology, Fall, 84 – 88.
And Nemet, Ph.D. dissertation, 2007
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The battle of tipping points
• The clean jobs economy is real, and provides a route to build a new industrial baseto build a new industrial base
Developing innovative technical and social ‘tipping • Developing innovative technical and social ‘tipping points’ is vital
• Energy ‘Systems science’ and implementation requires an integration of basic research and a state requires an integration of basic research and a state enabling environment and workforce
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
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UNIVERSITY O F CALIFORN IABERKELE Y
REPORT OF THERENEWAB LE AND APPROPRIATE ENERGYLABORA TORY
Putting Renewa bles to Work:How Many J obs C an theClean Energy IndustryClean Energy IndustryGenerate?
by
D i l M KDaniel M. KammenKamal KapadiaMatthias Fripp
of theEnergy and Resources Group &the Goldman School of Pu blic Policy
APRIL 13, 2004
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
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Green job creation: Obama 25% by 2025 PlanFederal + state RPS yields +348,000 jobs in 2025
140 400
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plus Federal RPS
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Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
-1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
-
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Better, Cheaper Lighting - Convention Center
Old Incandescent Lights
New T-5 Lights
The Many Values of Efficiency:
g
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
$400,000 saved per year with new lights
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Energy Efficiency Strategies
• All new residential construction in California
Residential New Construction• All new residential construction in California
will be zero net energy by 2020.
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
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Technological Innovation: solar
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
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Vestas is the largest Wind Turbine manufacturer in the world manufacturer in the world
Employing approx. 20,500 people24 countries worldwide
Just opened the world’s biggest R&D center
Install a new wind turbine every 5 hours
80 x V80-2.0 MW, HornReef, Denmark
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
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Actual PV Growth vs. Historic Forecasts
Actual k t market
development
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
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China Racing Ahead of U S in the Drive to Go SolarChina Racing Ahead of U.S. in the Drive to Go SolarBy KEITH BRADSHERPublished: August 24, 2009
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
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Information Technology Integrated with S l T h l P f M it iSolar Technology: Performance Monitoring
Enphase ApplicationServers
00111001
Internet00111001
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
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Micro-inverters versus traditional designs:gA household and building electronics strategy
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
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Roll on PV cells.
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.eduSolar photovoltaic installations of thin film cells, in Germany
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Market Innovation: Financial tools
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
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$$ Upfront
• Creates financing district & • Identifies work & chooses contractor
$$ Repaid on tax bill
• Creates financing district & approval process
• Provides upfront capital• Attaches repayment
• Identifies work & chooses contractor• Repays financing as a line item on the
property tax bill• Repayment obligation transfers with
hi
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
obligation to the building ownership• Builds clean energy equity
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Property Assessed Clean Energy Clean Energy
(PACE): State ActionsState Actions
PACE financing has PACE financing has now been adopted by the White House by the White House
for support and i th US appears in the US
House Climate Bill
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
(Waxman-Markey)
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PACE details: Program CoordinationBexar CountyTax Collector
C I T Y H A L L Program ApplicationsSpecial Assessments
Property Owner
C I T Y H A L L
Program Administration
Program Applications
Program Information
Financing Mechanism
FinancingProceeds
Owner
Builder /Installer
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.eduCPS
Energy22
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PACE details: Program Coordination
Awareness
PACE ImplementationCurrent Situation
Awareness / Education
EnrollmentAudit / E l iE
ProgramFinancing
Audit / Evaluation
Installation
Financing
Evaluation
onio PAC
E
Rebates / Tax CreditsEnrollmen
t Installation
Rebates / Tax CreditsMeasurement & VerificationSa
n An
toHomeowner
A / M t
tHomeowner
• Increased market participation• One‐stop coordination of projects from
• Lack of awareness & participation• Citizen responsible for project
Awareness / Education
Measurement & Verification
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
One stop coordination of projects from enrollment through implementation
• Measured impact & results
Citizen responsible for project coordination
• Unknown impact & results 23
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Technological & market Innovation: biofuelsbiofuels
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
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Plug-in Hybrids: Can they move rapidly to scale?
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Carbon Intensity of Fuels
110 Today's Biofuels Future Low-Carbon Fuels
90
100
)
Baseline
60
70
80
y (C
O 2e/
MJ)
2020 Target
40
50
60
on In
tens
ity
IndirectDirect
20
30
Car
bo
0
10
Gasoline -CaRFG + 10%
MidwestCorn Ethanol
SugarcaneEthanol
CaliforniaEthanol (Dry
CellulosicEthanol
CellulosicEthanol
Electricity(Ca
Hydrogen(SB1505)
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
CaRFG + 10%Ethanol
Corn Ethanol(Ave)
Ethanol(Brazil)
Ethanol (Drymill, Wet
DGS)
Ethanol(FarmedPoplar)
Ethanol(Waste)
(CaMarginal)
(SB1505)
Fuel Type 26
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Energy Biosciences InstituteUniversity of California, Berkeley
Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
A $500 million biofuel development grant from BP
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Technology AssessmentsProject coordinator: Sunil PaulScientific advisor: Dan Kammen
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.eduhttp://www.gigatonthrowdown.org/
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Information innovation: Policy and environmental accountingenvironmental accounting
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
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Spring Summer Fall Winter
Dispatch Mix in 2024 @ $0/ton CO2The SWITCH West Energy System
Model:Th S it h d l i f d d l f th WECC i th t
s
The Switch model is a geo-referenced model of the WECC region that:
- Matches conventional, nuclear, and renewable energy supply to demand.- Utilizes energy efficiency and demand-side management (to be completed)
Objective: Minimize Total System Cost, Subject to GHG C i
completed)- Does so with the construction of transmission and distribution infrastructure- Has planned expansions to Texas (ERCOT), the US East, and China (major task)
Constraints
ew
lant
s Dispatch Mitch in 2024 @ $50/ton CO2
Ne
Plg
Plan
ts
Spring Summer Fall Winter
Exis
ting
&
s
T &
DSu
nk
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160000
Electricity Supply in Western North American Forecast versus carbon price in 2024
140000
New Wind
100000
120000
W)
New WindNew Offshore WindNew Distributed PVNew CSP TroughNew BiomassHydro + Pumped Storage
80000
erat
ion
(MW New Nuclear
Existing NuclearNew GeothermalExisting GeothermalNew Combustion TurbineNew CCGT
40000
60000
Gen
e New CCGTExisting Gas CogenExisting GasNew CoalExisting Coal CogenExisting Coal
0
20000
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Carbon Cost ($2007/tCO2)
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The Blueprint reduces U.S. electricity use and diversifies the energy mixuse and diversifies the energy mix
Reference Case Blueprint PoliciesReference Case
5,000
6,000
R blCHP
Blueprint Policies
5,000
6,000
3,000
4,000
kilo
wat
t-hou
rs
N t l G
Nuclear
RenewablesHydro
3,000
4,000
kilo
wat
t-hou
rs
Nuclear CHP
Efficiency Savings
Hydro
Renewables
1,000
2,000
Billi
on k
Coal
Natural Gas
1,000
2,000
Billi
on k
Coal
Natural Gas
02005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
02005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory - rael.berkeley.edu32
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Predicted transmission $50t/CO2 in 2024
Old Transmission LinesNew Transmission Lines
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Greenhouse gas and sustainability Greenhouse gas and sustainability calculators:
http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu&&
http://www.coolcalifornia.org
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